Prelim - Lesson 1 Introduction To Globalization

EXPLAIN: WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
To know what is globalization let us watch the video discussion by Mr. Joseph El
Roy Cassion II, an economic instructor of this university.
GLOBALIZATION – TCW (GE103)
Today I will discuss to you the essence or the reason why you are currently taking
up this subject and what is globalization.
To begin as shown in the pictures at the sides are the products and effects of
globalization. As you can see we have here star buck’s coffee, the stop Asian hate,
the black’s life matter campaign, covid 19 vaccination, bts and the financial
market.
GLOBALIZATION AS A COMPLEX PHENOMENON
 It occurs in multilevel.
If we talk about globalization we can see it as a complex phenomenon. Take for

example the vaccination roll out if we can compare the data of July 21, 2021: 49.2
of the population in United States have already been fully vaccinated compared to
the 4.4 percent in the Philippines.
Does this something to do with phenomenon of globalization being a multi-level?

Perhaps yes, because countries with the resources and the capacity to produce or
provide its own vaccine would be the front runner in terms of herd immunization
compared to a developing country who is very much dependent to the supply of
vaccines from the developed nation who are actually the producers of this vaccines.
This situation actually proves that globalization occurs in multi-level. Take for
example, countries will have different levels of globalization or will undergo
different stages of globalization. It means to say that the higher or the more
developed the country, the higher the level of globalization are they experiencing
compared to a developing nation.
GLOBALIZATION AS AN UNEVEN PROCESS
 It affects people differently.
So we have here a picture of an elderly and a teenager as you can see that the
teenager is more eager and more advanced in adapting technologies compared to
the elderly. We can also say that in the next picture is a kpop fan who never been to
Korea sometimes is more knowledgeable about Korea compared to a frequent
traveler in Korea.
We also have here in the picture the ofws. We can hear some sad and successful
stories from our ofws. This actually proves that globalization is an uneven process
that affects people differently.
GLOBALIZATION AS ECONOMIC PROCESS
 Most of accounts views globalization in this manner.

 Integration of markets
 Wider Global Markets (Free Trade)
If we talk about globalization, above things can be the reason. We can trace it back
to the history of silk road, to the galleon trade and to our current or our present
times we have now the online shops of lazada and shopee.
ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEMENT
 Activist Movement in the 1990s.

 Resist trade deals among countries.
The activist movements in the 1990s are those who are this anti-globalization. They
actually resist trade deals among countries.
Examples:
 1994 – Zapatista Uprising (Southern Mexico)
 It began on January 1, 1994. The revolt coincides with the implementation of

the nafta agreement that requires Mexico to phase out subsidies on main cash
crops grown in Siapa’s corn, sugar and coffee. They felt that this agreement
gives the farmers in a vulnerable situation.
 1995 – Revolt Against Globalization (France)
 It is a strike due to the French government’s announcement that the rail

workers pension would be cut and a restricting of rail services to
accommodate the closing of six thousand kilometers line would threaten their
jobs.
 1999 – Battle in Seattle (USA)
 Is a series of marches directing actions and protests carried out from

November 28 through December 3, 1999 that disrupted the world trade
organization ministerial conference to Seattle. The wto protests are often
viewed as the inauguration of the anti-globalization movement.
BEST SCHOLARLY DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Globalization is multidisciplinary, - Academics call this an interdisciplinary

approach that is being used in this General Education course.
We cannot just coin the meaning of the globalization in economics. It is

multidisciplinary so it can actually relate to politics, religion, media and
communication. The best scholarly definition of globalization is actually given by
Manfred Steger.
According to him “Globalization is the expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across-world-time and across-world-space.”
GLOBALIZATION (EXPANSION)
 Creation of new social networks.

 The multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional
political, economic, cultural and geographic boundaries.
GLOBALIZATION (INTENSIFICATION)
 Expansion, stretching, and acceleration of networks.

 Not just by multiplying global connections but by making it more closely
knit and expanding their reach.
EXAMPLES OF EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION
1. Traditional Banking
 EXPANSION
o as we can observe banks at present are now engaged in mobile banking,
fund transfers or the usage of internet to provide banking transaction.
 INTENSIFICATION
o and the means that we are having now or the online banking is the
intensification of the traditional banking services or the banking system.
Before we still need to go to the bank to have withdrawals or deposits
but now we are actually now having the online banking and that is an
intensification of an online services.
2. Abs –Cbn
 EXPANSION and INTENSIFICATION

o the main products of abs-cbn before can only be seen in the television
but now it is intensified because of the tfc, iwant tfc, kapamilya online
live in YouTube. The reach of abs-cbn is now intensified and they have a
wider viewership.
3. Facebook
 EXPANSION and INTENSIFICATION

o the intensification is that Facebook partners with messenger, WhatsApp
and Instagram to their reach to widen their market.
GLOBALIZATION (TIME AND SPACE)
 People begin to feel the world becomes smaller.
Because of Globalization we now feel that the world becomes smaller. We now
have video conferencing and the world is within our reach now with using our
mobile phones and we cannot travel anytime or anywhere because there are lot of
promo fares that we can actually book our tickets.
GLOBALIZATION IS DIFFERENT FROM GLOBALISM
 Globalism is a widespread belief of powerful people that the global

integration of markets is beneficial for everyone, since it spread freedom
and democracy around the world.
 Steger posits that his definition of globalization must be differentiated
with the ideology he called globalism.
GLOBALIZATION FROM THE GROUND UP
For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai there are different kinds of globalization

occurs in multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration he calls “scapes”.
DIFFERENT KIND OF SCAPES
 ETHNOSCAPE
o Global movement of people. If you travel abroad or somewhere else
 TECHNOSCAPE
o Circulation of mechanical goods and software. We have here our
gadgets, computers, smartphones or even the applications in our
smartphones are considered techno scape
 MEDIASCAPE
o This refers to the Flow of Culture. We have here Kpops like Black Pink,
Foods like if we think about US we think about burgers. If we think of
Korea we think Kimchi as their national food or for example here in the
Philippine’s Adobo. Additionally, our fashion is also influenced by the
flow of culture.
 FINANCESCAPE
o Global Circulation of Money. I know you are familiar with Gcash,
Paymaya, Visa, MasterCard, PayPal and everything or anything that
involves money across the world is under finance cape.
 IDEOSCAPE
o this is the realm where political ideas move around so if we talk about
federalism it belonged to this kind of scape because there is actually
ideologies that is behind the idea or the concept of federalism. Our
religious, our practices, principles and the philosophies that we follow
religiously is actually under also idioscape.
SIMPLE MEANING OF GLOBALIZATION
In essence, globalization is about the world becoming increasingly interconnected.

Countries today are more connected than ever before, due to factors such as air
travel, containerized sea shipping, international trade agreements and legal
treaties and the internet. In the world of business globalization is associated with
trends such as outsourcing, free trade and international chains.
EVALUATE: Globalization
Now that we have reached the final part of Lesson 1, let us evaluate our
learning from this lesson. Please read the story of Gio, Latif and the Laksa and
get ready for a story analysis.

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EXPLAIN: WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

GLOBALIZATION – TCW (GE103)

GLOBALIZATION AS A COMPLEX PHENOMENON

If we talk about globalization we can see it as a complex phenomenon. Take for

Does this something to do with phenomenon of globalization being a multi-level?

GLOBALIZATION AS AN UNEVEN PROCESS

 It affects people differently.

 Most of accounts views globalization in this manner.

 Activist Movement in the 1990s.

 1994 – Zapatista Uprising (Southern Mexico)

 It began on January 1, 1994. The revolt coincides with the implementation of

 1995 – Revolt Against Globalization (France)

 It is a strike due to the French government’s announcement that the rail

 1999 – Battle in Seattle (USA)

 Is a series of marches directing actions and protests carried out from

BEST SCHOLARLY DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION

1. Globalization is multidisciplinary, - Academics call this an interdisciplinary

We cannot just coin the meaning of the globalization in economics. It is

 Creation of new social networks.

 Expansion, stretching, and acceleration of networks.

EXAMPLES OF EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION

 EXPANSION and INTENSIFICATION

 EXPANSION and INTENSIFICATION

GLOBALIZATION (TIME AND SPACE)

 People begin to feel the world becomes smaller.

GLOBALIZATION IS DIFFERENT FROM GLOBALISM

 Globalism is a widespread belief of powerful people that the global

GLOBALIZATION FROM THE GROUND UP

For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai there are different kinds of globalization

DIFFERENT KIND OF SCAPES

SIMPLE MEANING OF GLOBALIZATION

In essence, globalization is about the world becoming increasingly interconnected.

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