The document discusses parts of a file and file terminology. It describes the tang, point, heel, safe edge, and teeth. It also discusses file shapes like blunt, tapered, rectangular, square, round and half-round. The document outlines three filing methods - cross filing, draw filing and methods. It provides safety tips for working in a file workshop including wearing protective headgear, gloves, glasses, ear protection, high visibility jackets, protective pants and shoes.
The document discusses parts of a file and file terminology. It describes the tang, point, heel, safe edge, and teeth. It also discusses file shapes like blunt, tapered, rectangular, square, round and half-round. The document outlines three filing methods - cross filing, draw filing and methods. It provides safety tips for working in a file workshop including wearing protective headgear, gloves, glasses, ear protection, high visibility jackets, protective pants and shoes.
The document discusses parts of a file and file terminology. It describes the tang, point, heel, safe edge, and teeth. It also discusses file shapes like blunt, tapered, rectangular, square, round and half-round. The document outlines three filing methods - cross filing, draw filing and methods. It provides safety tips for working in a file workshop including wearing protective headgear, gloves, glasses, ear protection, high visibility jackets, protective pants and shoes.
The document discusses parts of a file and file terminology. It describes the tang, point, heel, safe edge, and teeth. It also discusses file shapes like blunt, tapered, rectangular, square, round and half-round. The document outlines three filing methods - cross filing, draw filing and methods. It provides safety tips for working in a file workshop including wearing protective headgear, gloves, glasses, ear protection, high visibility jackets, protective pants and shoes.
Group: (A) 2020 - 2021 Introduction The widely used hand cutting tool in workshops is the file. It is a hardened
piece of high-grade steel with slanting rows of teeth. It is used to cut, smooth, or
fit metal parts. It is used file or cut softer metals. It consists of the following parts
as shown in Fig. The tang is the pointed part, which fitted into the handle. The
point is the end opposite the tang. The heel is next to the handle. The safe edge
or side of a file is that which has no teeth. It is classified on bases of type or cut
of teeth and sectional form.
Parts of a File
It has the following main parts of a file:
A wooden handle is fitted on its tang. Teeth are cut on its face and edge so that it can perform the job of cutting. The part having no teeth is called as heel. Thick side of file is called edge and its lower end is known as tip or point.
Moreover:
File Terminology: Back: The convex side of a half-round or other similarly shaped file. Edge and Safe Edge: The side surfaces of a file; may be smooth (safe edge) or have teeth. Handle: A holder into which the tang of the file fits. If the file has an integral holder this is known as a solid handle file. Pinning: Filings wedged between the file teeth. Shelling: The breaking of file teeth, usually caused by using too much pressure, reverse filing, filing sharp corners or filing edges.
File Shapes
Type or shape describes the cross-section shape of the file, i.e., rectangular, square, round, half-round, triangular, etc. The area to be filed will determine the specific type to be used. Type is further classified according to the contour of the file: blunt or taper.
• A blunt file has a constant width with edges parallel from end to end. It is used when the item being filed is very uniform or consistent so only one size file is needed. • The cross-section of a taper file decreases from its heel to its point; it may taper in width, thickness or both. A taper file allows the user to vary the size of the file contact area without actually changing files. It is useful when the workpiece is more complex, presenting different filing needs. Filing Methods There are three different techniques that should enable you to make the most of working with a file. Guides on how to perform each of them follow this page.
Additionally, there are some general tips that apply to all three of the techniques that are included on this page.
Method 1: Cross Filing
Also called straightforward filing, this technique involves pushing the file across the edge of the material. It can be used for finishing, shaping or sharpening.
This is the most commonly used filing technique. It’s easy as pie to do, but difficult to master completely.
Method 2: Draw Filing
This technique is a little more unusual and involves holding a file at each end and using it in a similar way to sandpaper. This technique is only used for finishing, and only with single-cut files. This is because the long, uninterrupted teeth of a single cut file act like a series of knives that shear material away from the surface of the workpiece with each stroke. Double cut and millenicut teeth are much shorter and would be more prone to digging channels in the material, which makes them unsuitable for draw filing. Other types of cut are the wrong shape to be used in both directions, which also rules them out. Exercise with drawing
Exercise No. 2
Name of Exercise: arc
Objective of exercise:
1- How to make a geometric arc
2- Gain manual skill
In this exercise, we sharpened and sanded an iron shot measuring 50 mm x 50
mm and removed the rust from it after we took the correct size of the piece.
50 mm
50 mm Tools
1- Work piece
2- File
3- Vise
4- Hand saw
5- Vernier
6- Ruler Work Steps
We take a piece of iron and straighten its edges with the file and then reduce
it to the dimensions 50 mm x 50 mm, then we sharpen all its sides, and then
we start to straighten its corners and make them curved with the measurement
boxes.
After we cut the iron piece to the required size, sharpen it and remove the rust
from it, we plan from one side using calipers and define a cut in the middle of
the piece and then leave a distance of 10 mm from each side so that the half-
circle is in the middle at a time, then we use an iron saw and we cut the piece
from three angles To facilitate the process of cutting and sharpening, then by
means of pliers, we cut the joints and then begin to sharpen until we reach the
desired result, as shown in the diagram below.
Drawing of tools
1- Work piece
2- File
3- Vise
4- Hand saw
5- Vernier
6- Ruler
7- Divider
8- Punch Occupational Safety in File Workshop
Head protection We wear a helmet to avoid the fall of any trustworthy piece on the head area, to avoid dangers
Hand protection We wear gloves to protect our hands from bruises and tools to not damage our hands
Eye protection We wear glasses to protect our eyes from any small pieces of iron or any impurities that may affect our eyes
Hear protection We put ear protectors in case we might work in a place where there are many devices with loud noises to avoid any damage that may affect the ears High visibility jacket We wear a jacket to keep our clothes from getting dirty, since we work in workshops that contain many oils, grease, iron filings, and many tools that may need lubrication and oil
Chaps’ pants We wear pants to protect our clothes from dirt and avoid entering clothes with rotating machines that may cause damage to our bodies.
Foot protection We wear special shoes with a piece of iron at the start of the shoe to avoid any heavy piece falling, as it may affect our legs from injury to wounds or fractures
