Chapter 9- Soil

Question 1:
Tick the most sultable answer in question 1 and 2

In additlon to the rock particles, the soll contains

() alr and water

() water and plants

(1) minerals, organlc matter, alr and water

(tv) water, alr and plants

Answer
In addition to the rock particles, the soil contains

() air and water

Gi) water and plants

(In) minerals, organic matter, air and water (correct)

() water, air and plants

Question 2:
The water holding capaaclty Is the highest in

() sandy soll

() clayey soll

(i) loamy solil

(v) mixture of sand and loam

Answer:
The water holding capacity is the highest in

() sandy soil

(i) clayey soil (correct)

(qi) loamy sol

(iv) mixture of sand and loam

Question 3:
Match the tems in Column I with those in Column l:

Column Column I

() A home for living organisms (a) Large particles

Ci) Upper layer of the soil (b) All kinds of soil

(i) Sandy soil (c) Dark in colour

(Giv) Middle layer of the sol (d) Small particles and packed tight

() Clayey soil (e) Lesser amount of humus

Answer:
Column Column II

) A home for living organisms (b) All inds of soil

(0) Upper layer of the soil (c) Dark in colour

ii) Sandy soil (a) Large particles

(iv) Middle layer of the soil (e) Lesser amount of humus

(v)Clayeysoil (d) Small particles and packed tight

Question 4:
Explain how sol is fommed.
Answer:
Sol is formed through the process of weathering. Weathering is a process of physical
breakdown and chemical decomposition of rocks and minerals near or at the surface of the
earth. This physical and chemical decomposition is primarity done by wind, water, and
climate. As a result of these processes, large rock pieces are converted into smaller pieces
and eventualy to soil.

Question 5:
How is clayey sol useful for crops?
Answer:
Due to the very small size of the particles of clayey soil, particles are packed tightly and
therefore can retain water. Clayey soil is also rich in organic matter. For growing crops
such as wheat, gram, and paddy, the soil that is good at retaining waler and rich in organic
matter is suitable. Therefore, clayey soils having these characteristics anre useful for such
kind of crops.
Question 8:
List the differences between clayey soll and sandy sol.
Answer:
Clayey soil Sandy soi
1 The proportion of fine particles is 1 The proportion of large particles is
higher. higher.
2 Particles are packed tightly. 2 Particles are loosely packed.
3 It can hold good amount of water. I t s ability to retain water is low

4 Water cannot drain quickly. 4 Water can drain quickly.

5 It is heavy 5 It is
in weight. light in weight
6 Less air is trapped between the 6 More air is trapped between the
particles. particles.
7 It is rich in humus. 7 It is not rich in humus.
3

Question 7:
Sketch the cross section of sol and label the various layers.
Answer:

A Honzon

B Horizon

C Horizon

Bedrock

Soil profile

Question 8:

Razia conducted an experiment in the field related to the rate of percolation. She
observed that it took 40 min for 200 mL of water to percolate through the soll
sample. Calculate the rate of percolation.
Answer:
Given amount of water = 200 ml

Percolation time = 40 min

Razia conducted an experiment in the field related to the rate of percolation. She
observed that it took 40 min for 200 mL of water to percolate through the soll
Calculate the rate of percolation.
sample.
Answer:
Given amount of water = 200 mL

Percolation time = 40 min

Therefore. percolation rate = Amount of water (mlL)

Percolation time (min)

200mL
40 min
= 5 m/min

Question 9:
Explain how soll pollution and soil erosion could be prevented.
Answer:

Prevention of soil pollution:

The persistent build-up of toxic compounds in the soil is defined as soil pollution. To
prevent soil pollution, its causes must be controlled.

()Plastics and polythene bags destroy the fertility of soil. Hence, hey should be disposed
properly andif possible, their use should be avoided.

(i) Some waste products from industries and homes pollute soil. These pollutants should
be treated chemically to make them harmless before they are disposed.

(i) Other pollutants of soil include pesticides and insecticides. Therefore., excessive use of
these substances should be avoided.

Prevention of soil erosion

Removal of the upper fertile layer of the soil (top soil) by strong wind and flowing water is
known as sol erosion. Roots of plants bind the soil firmly and prevent soil erosion.
Absence of plants leads to sol erosion. Therefore, soil erosion can be prevented by
planting trees and checking indiscriminate cutting of trees.

Questlon 10:
Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues glven:
Chapter 10- Respiration in Organisms

Question 1:
Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Answer
Athlete needs to supply extra energy to his muscde cells which have worked hard during
running. For this, he breathes faster and deeper so that more oxygen is supplied to the
cells. This speeds up the breakdown of food and as a result, more energy is released.

Question 2:
List the similartles and differences between aerobic and anaeroblc respiration.
Answer:
Similarity between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the food is broken down to release energy
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

It is the process of breakdowm of It is the process of breakdown of food in

food in the presence of oxygen. the absence of oxygen.

its end products are CO% and H:O. End products of anaerobic respiration
can be lactic acid or CO» and alcohol.

It takes longer time to release lt is a fast process as compared to

energy. aerobic respiration.

It produces large amount of lt produces small amount of energy as

energy compared to aerobic respiration.

Examples: It occurs in most plants Examples: Yeast, bacteria, human

and animals. muscle cells, etc. respire anaerobically.

Question 3:
Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?
Answer:
Sneezing expels the foreign particles from the inhaled air, so that only clean air enters our
It occurs because of the irmitation in the upper breathing passage. This
body. usualy
iritation happens when we inhale some unwanted particles and they get trapped in our
nasal cavity. Smoke, dust. pollen, etc. are some of the unwanted particles that may cause
sneezing.

Question 4:
Take three test-tubes. Fll 3/4th of each with water. Label them A, B andC
snall In test-tube A, a water plant in test-tube B and in C, keep snall and pla
2
Whlch test-tube would have the highest concentration of co?
Answer:

Snail Water Snal+

A B plant C water plant

Test tube A will have the highest concentration of CO2 This is because test tubeA contains
snalil. Snail is an organism that breathes in Oz and breathes out CO2. Hence,
COa concentration increases in test tube A.

Test tube B contains a water plant, which takes in CO2 for food synthesis and gives out O2.
Hence, more O2 concerntration is found in test tube B.

Test tube C contains both a snail and a plant. The CO2 produced by the snail is utilized by
the plant for its food synthesis and the Oz released by the plant is utilized by the snail for
respiration.
Therefore, test tube A has the highest concentration of CO.

Questlon 5:
Tick the correct answer:

(a) In cockroaches, air enters the body through

(0) lungs
glls
(ul) splracles
(iv) skin

(b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulatlon of

(0 carbon dioxide

() lactic acld
(l) alcohol

(iv) water

(c) Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is

() 9-12

() 15-18

(l) 21-24

(tv) 30-33

(d) During exhalation, the ribs

() move outwards

(1) move downwards

(l1) move upwards

(v) do not move at all

Answer:
(a) In cockroaches, air enters the body through

0 lungs

g
ii)spiracles
(iv) skin

(6) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of

0 carbon dioxide

Gi) lactic acid

(i) alcohol

(v) water

() Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is

() 9-12

(i) 15-18 N
4 7:41 E 79%

Respiration in organis...

) 9-12

(i) 15-18
(i) 21-24

(iv) 30-33

(d) During exhalation, the ribs

) move outwards

(i) move downwards V

(ii) move upwards

iv) do not move at all

Question 6:
Match the items in Column I with those in Column ll:
Column Column II

(a) Yeast Earthworm

(b) Diaphragm (i) Gills

(c) Skin (ii) Alcohol

(d) Leaves (iv) Chest cavity

(e) Fish (v Stomata

Frog (vi) Lungs and skin

(vii) Tracheae

Answer:

Column Column II

(a) Yeast () Alcohol

(b) Diaphragm Chest cavity

(c) Skin Earthworm

(d) Leaves (v) Stomata

(e) Fish Gills

4) Frog (vi) Lungs and skin

 Frog (vi) Lungs and skin

Question 7:
Mark T f the statement is true and 'F" |f t is false:

(0) During heavy exercse the breathing rate of a person slows down. (TIF)

(41) Plants carry out photosynthes is only during the day and respiration only at
night.(T/F)
(i) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their Iungs. (TIF)

(iv) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (TIE)

() The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T/F)

Answer
0) During heavy exercise the breathing rale of a person slows down. (F)

(i) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (F)

(i) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their lungs. (T)

(v) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (F)

() The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T)

Question 8:
Glven below ls a square of letters in which are hldden different words relatedto
respiration in organisms. These words may be present in any direction upwards,
downwards, or along the diagonals. Find the words for your respiratory system.
Clues about those words are given below the square.