Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics The Nine Principles of Effective Communication

Communication Michael Osborn (2009) claims that communication must

meet certain standards for effective communication to
-is inevitable.
take place.
-is understood as the process of meaning-making
1. Clarity- makes speeches understandable. Fuzzy
through a channel or a medium.
language is absolutely forbidden, as are jargons, cliché
Comes from the Latin word communicares, meaning to expressions, euphemisms and doublespeak language.
share or to make ideas common.
2. Concreteness- reduces misunderstandings. Messages
- The connection that encompasses interaction among must be supported by facts such as research data,
partakers is at the center of learning of communication. statistic or figures. To achieve concreteness, abstract
words must be avoided.
Components of the Communication Process
3. Courtesy- builds goodwill. It involves being polite in
1. Source- the sender carefully crafts the message. terms of approach and manner of addressing an
2. Message- is the reason behind any interaction. The individual.
meaning shared between the sender and the receiver. 4. Correctness- glaring mistakes in grammar obscures
3. Channel- the means by which a message is conveyed. the meaning of a sentence. Also, the misuse of language
can damage your credibility.
4. Receiver- the person who receives the transmitted
message. 5. Consideration- messages must be geared towards
the audience. The sender of a message must consider
5. Feedback- is essential to confirm recipient the recipient’s profession, level of education, race,
understanding. ethnicity, hobbies, interests, passions, advocacies and
6. Environment- the place, the feeling, the mood, the age when drafting or delivering a message.
mindset and the condition of both sender and receiver. 6. Creativity- in communication means having the
7. Context- involves the expectations of the sender and ability to craft interesting messages in terms of
the receiver and the common or shared understanding sentence structure and word choice.
through the environmental signals. 7. Conciseness- simplicity and directness help you to be
8. Interference- also known as barrier or block that concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions and words that
prevents effective communication o take place. may confuse the recipient.

Kinds of Interference 8. Cultural Sensitivity- today, with the increasing

emphasis on empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles
a. Psychological Barriers- are thoughts that hamper the and races and the pursuit for gender equality, cultural
message to be interpreted correctly by the receiver. sensitivity becomes an important standard for effective
communication.
b. Physical Barriers- include competing stimulus,
weather and climate, health and ignorance of the 9. Captivating- you must strive to make messages
medium. interesting to command more attention and better
responses
c. Linguistic and cultural barriers- pertain to the
language and its cultural environment. Words may
mean another in different cultures.

d. Mechanical barriers- are those raised by the channels

employed for the interpersonal, group or mass
communication.
Ethical Consideration in Communication Local and Global Communication in Multicultural
Settings
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of
right and wrong in human affairs. Cultural awareness and understanding global issues are
particularly valued and are as equally important as
Ethical Communicators:
learning a foreign language nowadays. Giving young
 Respect audience. people an understanding of how the world works can
 Consider the result of communication. be a really important skill as far as thriving in life is
 Value truth. concerned ( Sutcliffe, 2012).
 Use information correctly. Globalization is the communication and assimilation
 Do not falsify information. among individuals, ethnicities, races, institutions,
Different Barriers in Communication governments of various nations supported by
technology and compelled by international trade.
1. Physical Barrier
2. Perceptual Barrier Globalization is not a new process or concept. Years
3. Emotional Barrier before the advent of technology, people had been
4. Cultural Barrier purchasing and selling each other properties, goods and
5. Language Barrier other objects of certain value.
6. Gender Barrier People’s background and experiences influence their
7. Noise Barrier view of the world and the values, beliefs and behaviour
8. Interpersonal Barrier patterns assumed to be good. The following are
How to Overcome Barriers of Communication possible cultural barriers to effective communication
in a global environment:
 Taking the receiver more seriously
 Crystal clear message 1. Cultural relativism
2. Lack of knowledge of others’ culture
 Delivering message skilfully
3. Discrimination and harassment
 Focusing on the receiver
4. Language differences
 Using multiple channels to communicate
instead of relying on one channel Krizan (2014) suggests these strategies to become an
 Ensuring appropriate feedback effective global communicator:
 Be aware of your own state of
 Review communication principles.
mind/emotions/attitude
 Analyze the message receiver.
 Be open to an accepting of other cultures.
 Learn about cultures and apply what is
Socio- cultural Dimensions
learned.
A good communicator should be sensitive to the  Consider language needs.
person’s multicultural upbringing.
Socio- cultural dimensions that may affect effective
1. CULTURE communication:
2. GENDER
Culture
3. AGE
4. SOCIAL STATUS Gender
5. RELIGION
Age

Social status

Religion