 Itis a Chemical reaction in which Energy is

released in the form of heat, light, sound and

various reaction products.
CO2 Gas Cartridge Type Stored Pressurized Type
 WaterType
 Foam Type
 Dry Powder Type
 CO2 Type
 Wet Chemical
• Used on Class: only on Class A fire (Solid Materials).
• Eg: Wood, Paper, Textiles, etc.
• Extinguishing Agent: Only Water
• Propellant: CO2 or N2 or Air
• Extinguishing Method: Water absorbs the heat,
temperature is reduced. Removal of Heat is done.
• Cooling Method.
• Not to be Used: Class B, C, D (Metal fire), Electric fire,
Class K/F (Kitchen fire).
Nozzle (Foam
making Branch)
• Used on Class: Class A (Solid Materials) & B (Flammable
Liquids).
• Eg: Wood, Paper, Petrol, Diesel, etc.
• Extinguishing Agent: Foam Compound+ Water+ Air
(through inlet in nozzle) = Foam
• Propellant: CO2 or N2.
• Extinguishing Method: It smothers the fire using thick foam
solution, Removal of Oxygen is done. It also contains traces
of Water, providing Cooling effect, Removal of Heat.
• Smothering & Cooling Method.
• Not to be Used: Class C, D, Electric fire, Kitchen fire.
• Most commonly used Extinguisher (Class A,B,C,D)
• Extinguishing Agent/ Powders used:
 MAP (Mono ammonium phosphate): Class ABC Fire
 Sodium Bicarbonate: Class BC Fire
 Special powder TEC (Ternary Eutectic Chloride): Class
D fire (Metal fire).
• Propellant: N2 (Nitrogen Gas)  (Stored Pressure type)
• Extinguishing Method: Powder forms a thin layer of dust
on fire, Removal of Oxygen is done.
• Smothering Method.
• Not to be used: On Kitchen fire.
• Used on Class: Class B, C, Electric Fire.
• Extinguishing Agent: CO2 is in liquid form, compressed
under high pressure, discharges as a Gas.
• Leaves no residue as it’s a Clean agent.
• Extinguishing Method: CO2 gas displaces the O2,
Removal of Oxygen is done. Its Cold presence lowers the
temperature, provides cooling effect. Removal of Heat is
done.
• Smothering & Cooling Method.
• Not to be used: on Class A, D, Kitchen fire.
• Used on Class: Class A & Kitchen fire.
• Especially used on Kitchen fire (Cooking oils, Fats).
• Extinguishing Agent: Potassium Solution (Potassium
Bicarbonate, Potassium Acetate).
• Extinguishing Method: The mist sprayed cools the
fire, Removal of Heat is done. The potassium salts
reacts with oil and creates a soapy foam/ coating,
where Oxygen is removed.
• Cooling & Smothering Method.
• Not to be used: on Class B, C, D, Electric fire.
• P- Pull the pin
• A- Aim the fire
• S- Squeeze the handle
• S- Sweep side to side
 It is a system used to detect the fire, control, prevent
and extinguish the fire using fixed installations.
 It is used in any type of Buildings, High rise buildings,
hospitals, Malls, Industrial Areas, etc.
 Water based Systems Non-Water based Systems

• Riser Systems • CO2 Flooding system

 Wet Riser • Gas Suppression system/ Clean
 Dry Riser agent fire Suppression system
• Sprinkler systems • Foam Fire Suppression system
 Wet Sprinkler system • Dry Chemical System
 Dry Sprinkler system • Kitchen Fire suppression
• Water mist system system
• Water spray system
 It is a system used to suppress, control and prevent the
fire from spreading and to extinguish the fire.
 Fire Suppression System has 3 functions:
 Efficient detection of a fire.
 Appropriate reaction to the type of fire.
 Effective application of extinguishing agent to suppress
and extinguish the fire.
 Clean Agent Fire Suppression system make use of inert
gas or chemicals to suppress and extinguish the fire.
 A clean agent is electrically non-conductive, volatile,
or gaseous, and that does not leave a residue upon
evaporation.
 The most common types of clean agent systems use
chemical agents like,
 FM- 200
 3M Novec 1230
 Inert gases
 Inergen, is the clean agent that uses 3 inert gases like
nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, etc.
Applications:
For example,
 Laboratories and Medical facilities with equipments
 Flammable liquid storage areas
 Museums, Libraries
 Digital data storage areas, Data Centers
 Telecommunication centers
 Server rooms
 A CO2 fire suppression system uses carbon dioxide as
a extinguishing agent. It works well as a fire
suppressant because it works quickly to extinguish a
fire.
 It is also colorless, odorless, electrically non -
conductive, and leaves no residue.
 The CO2 suppresses the fire by cooling (removal of
heat) and displaces the oxygen (removal of oxygen is
done) in the environment which will cause the fire to
be extinguished.
 This agent is suitable for both local applications as well as total
flooding applications.
 Local Application System: The extinguishing agent is
discharged directly on the burning material/ equipment to
extinguish or control a fire.
 Total Flooding System: The extinguishing agent is discharged
into an enclosed space/ room to extinguish the fire.
Applications:
For Example,
 Electronic equipments room.

 Electrical and Electronic cabinets.

 Switch room, Control cabinets.

 Ships, Engine room, Pump room, Cargo hold.

 Server rooms, Data centers.

 Flammable liquids/ chemicals storage areas.

 The water mist system is a fire protection system that
uses fine water sprays to restrict, suppress and
extinguish the fire.
 Water mist systems use specially designed nozzles that
release water in tiny droplets (ultra fine spray of water
droplets which is less than 1000 microns = 1mm).
 Water mist system extinguishes fire by,
 Cooling: It absorbs heat and reduces the temperature.
 Depletion of Oxygen: The oxygen level is reduced
when the small water droplets are evaporated into
steam.
 Shielding effect: Water droplets will reduce/ block
radiant heat by wetting and cooling the surrounding
fuel surfaces which prevents adjacent combustible
materials from igniting.
Applications:
For example,
 Industrial Areas
 Machinery spaces
 Tunnels
 Food Industries
 Engine rooms
 Large Buildings, Hotels, Offices
 Residential buildings.
 This system uses High velocity water spray (HVWS)
system to prevent and extinguish the fire.
 A Deluge system is a fixed fire protection system
which totally floods an area with pressurized water
through a system of piping with nozzles and sprinklers.
 Emulsifier system uses Deluge valve which protects
area like Transformers, Storage tanks, Oil tanks,
Circuit breakers, Diesel engines.
Deluge valve Activation:
Auto mode:
1. Quartzoid bulb detector.
2. LHS cables (Linear heat sensing), Detectors.
 The discharge or leakage of a flammable liquid or gas
into free space from a pressurized container or pipeline.
 Jet fire occurs when a flammable liquid or gases is
ignited after its release from a pressurized, punctured
or ruptured vessel or pipeline.
 Duration of Jet fire  based on release rate & capacity of
the storage.
 When there is a leakage from a pressurized container or
pipeline which contains flammable liquid, it forms a
fluid reservoir which looks like a lake / pool.
 When ignition is occurred on such stored or
accumulated liquid  Its called a Pool fire.
 Ignition caused by the mixture of Air and flammable
substance dust, gas or vapors of flammable liquid.
 A sufficient amount of flammable or combustible
material is released, mixes with air, forms a cloud of
vapor and is ignited. If the flammable vapor cloud is
ignited, it causes a sudden fire/ blast and can explode 
called Flash fire.
 It is of high temperature and a very short duration (less
than 3 sec).
Boil over mainly occurs due to the variation or
difference in the densities of Water and Oil.
Density of Water is higher than the Oil.
Boiling point of Water is less than the Oil.