Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1).

2020 19

Effect of Diet supplementation with Alpha-lipoic acid and

brewer’s yeast on kidney and liver functions on diabetic rats

Soheir M. El-deab
Afif College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT
Alpha-lipoic acid is an ideal antioxidant used in both the treatment and
prevention of various oxidative stress related to diseases. This study aims to
evaluate the efficiency of alpha-lipoic acid in different doses and their natural
animal sources (brewer’s yeast) in diabetic rats. Thirty rats weighing
approximately 210±10 g were divided into five groups after injection with
alloxan diabetic rats were fed on a basal diet, alpha-lipoic acid in different
doses and 15% of brewer’s yeast. At the end of the experimental period (30
days), the results show that supplementation with 30 and 60 mg /kg B.W/day of
alpha-lipoic acid, and 15% of brewer’s yeast caused a significant increase in food
intake compared with the positive control group. Data show a significant decrease
in the level of blood glucose after supplementation with 30 and 60 mg /kg
B.W/day of alpha-lipoic acid and brewer's yeast as compared with untreated
groups, and a positive correlation between increasing the dose of alpha-lipoic
acid and decreasing in blood glucose levels. The levels of these parameters of
AST, ALT, and ALP increased in diabetic rats while supplemented with alpha-
lipoic acid (30 and 60 mg /kg B.W/day) reduced significantly the levels of AST,
ALT and ALP, there was a positive correlation between increasing the dose of
alpha-lipoic acid and the decreasing effect. Also, brewer’s yeast induced the
same reduction effect in these enzymes. Significantly decreased in uric acid,
urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations for diabetic rats, which supplemented
with alpha-lipoic acid (30 and 60 mg /kg B.W/day). Also, the same resulted
observed in the group fed on brewer’s yeast. Significant increase in reduced
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) after supplementation with
30 and 60 mg /kg B.W/day of alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic rats. Brewer’s yeast,
as sources of alpha-lipoic acid, induced the same effect on GSH, SOD and
MDA levels.
CONCLUSION: Diet Supplementation with Alpha-lipoic acid, significant
decreased the liver and kidney enzyme activities in diabetic rats.
Keywords: alpha-lipoic acid, Brewer’s yeast, diabetic rats, kidney, liver
 20 Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by
fasting hyperglycemia and plasma glucose levels above defined limits during an
oral glucose tolerance test. Besides, it is caused by a total lack of insulin “type
1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” or by insulin resistance in the presence
of normal elevated plasma insulin level, decreasing the sensitivity or
responsiveness tissue to insulin level “type 2, non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus” (Birchtmod et al., 2009). Oxidative stress it observed widely in
diabetes. Diabetic patients have increased levels of lipid peroxidation products
and decreasing levels of protective antioxidants including ascorbic acid, α-
tocopherol, and reduced GSH. (Nourooz et al., 2010 and, Bostecea et al.,
2012). Alpha-lipoic acid rapidly stimulates glucose uptake by activating the
insulin pathway (Winiarska et al., 2017).

Brewer's yeast contains all the essential amino acids, 14 minerals, and
17 vitamins. It is one of the best natural sources of B-complex vitamins. It is
also high in minerals including chromium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, and selenium
(Yaworsky et al.,2011). Brewer's yeast considers a good source of RNA, an
immune-enhancing nucleic acid that maybe help to prevent degenerative
diseases and slowing the process. (Griffith, 2014). Therefore, this research
aimed to evaluate the effects of orally given Alpha-lipoic acid on different
levels and feeding on brewer's yeast (as an animal source) on liver and kidney
functions on diabetic rats.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Materials:
Alpha-lipoic acid was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis,
Mo, USA). Cellulose, Alloxan, Casein, Choline chloride, minerals mixture, Dl-
methionine, and vitamin mixture obtained from Morgan Co. Cairo, Egypt, and
chemical kits used in this study (ALT, ALP, AST, Cr, UN, and uric acid) were
purchased from El-Gomhoria Company for chemicals and Drugs, Cairo, Egypt.
Methods:
Experimental design
Thirty Sprague -Dawley Strain male albino rats weighing approximately (310 ±
15 g) used in this study according to Canadian Council on Animal Care
Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020 21

(1993). All rats fed the control diet (basal diet) according to (Campbell, 1961)
for one week. Rats divided into five groups n= 6 rats with a similar total
body. The first group (control negative) fed on the basal diet, second
group (control positive) fed on the basal diet, third group (diabetic
rats) supplemented with (60mg / alpha-lipoic acid /kg B.W/day.), fourth
group (diabetic rats) supplemented with (30mg/ alpha-lipoic acid/kg
B.W/day), Fifth Group (diabetic rats) supplemented with 15% of brewer’s
yeast on basal diet .

Induction of experimental diabetes:

Diabetes millets induced in normal healthy rats via intraperitoneal
injection of alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight according to (Desai and Bhide,
1999). After six hours of injection with alloxan, fasting blood samples were
collected to estimate serum glucose. Rats considered diabetic with a fasting
blood glucose level above 200 mg/dl and used in this study.

Biochemical analysis:
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) enzymes measured by the methods described
by (Varley et al., 1980 & Kachmar and Moss., 1976), respectively. The
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by the method
of (Marklund; 1974 & Croce and Dunn; 2004). Glutathione peroxidase
enzyme (GSH) and malonaldehyde ( MDA) were determined according to the
methods described by ( Rose; 1997). Serum glucose determined by using
chemical kits according to (Trinder, 1969). Creatinine was determined
according to the kinetic method (Henry, 1974). Urea determined according to
the enzymatic method (Petton and Crouch, 1977). Uric Acid determined by an
enzymatic colorimetric test using kits according to (While et al., 1979).
Statistical Analysis:
The results were analyzed by using the program (SPSS, 2011), version
(18). ANOVA test was used to compare results among groups and P<0.05
was considered to be significant (Artimage and Berry, 1987).
Results and Discussion.
Effect of Diet supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid, brewer’s yeast on food
intake and body weight gain is present in Table (1).
 22 Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020

The results showed a reduction in body weight gain for diabetic control as
compared with control negative group and the mean values were -21.43 ± 0.65
and +18.93 ± 1.16 g, respectively. The results of body weight gain indicated
that,no significant differences between the effect of treated groups which were
supplemented with alpha-lipoic acid at( 30&60 mg /kg B.W/day) and brewer’s
yeast it was significant as compared with diabetic control rats. These data agree
well with (Nourooz et al., 2010 ) who reported that Alpha-lipoic acid reduced
body weight and increased whole-body energy expenditure.

Table (1): Effect of Diet supplementation with different levels of alpha-lipoic

acid, brewer’s yeast on food intake and body weight gain (mean+SD).
Initial body Final
Groups weight Final body Body weight intake
weight (g) gain (g)
(g) (g/day)

Control 18.4±1.09a
334.42±18.47a 352.35±19.07a +18.93±1.16a
negative
b
Control positive 335.32±3.72a 313.86±4.28b -21.43±0.65 15.6±0.61b
Diabetic +LA 30 -34.24±4.47c 21.1±1.61a
337.54±7.07a 300.30±5.82bc
mg/kg
Diabetic +LA 60 -48.62±5.28c 23.3±2.13a
331.65±6.03a 282.03±1.53c
mg/kg
c
Diabetic +BY 333.76±7.74a 301.98±4.06bc -34.78±3.76 20.9±2.61a
LSD 16.32 15.35 6.22 3.04
(LA) α-lipoic acid, (BY) brewer’s yeast
(P<0.05)

Effect of Diet supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid, and brewer’s yeast on

blood glucose levels in Table (2).
The data illustrated that the level of blood glucose was low in control
negative group (healthy rats) as compared with all diabetic groups at zero time.
As well as, after two weeks, the experimental diabetic rats supplemented with
alpha-lipoic acid at 30 and 60 mg /kg B.W/day were caused a significant
decreased in the levels of blood glucose which the mean values were
217.52±6.36 and 205.71±3.67 mg/dl. Also, there were decreased values of
blood glucose in diabetic which treated with brewer’s yeast were 247.10±3.10
Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020 23

mg/dl. At the end of the experiment, there was a positive correlation between
this reduction in the levels of blood glucose and the period of supplementation.
The levels of blood glucose in diabetic rats supplemented with alpha-lipoic acid
at 30 and 60 mg /kg B.W/day, brewer's yeast were 172.58±2.74, 151.12±2.90,
and 182.55±3.68 mg/dl, respectively. These results agree well with the data of
(Sacob et al., 2015) who demonstrated that alpha-lipoic acid administration in
humans with type II diabetes enhanced insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose
disposal by about 50%. Winiarska et al., (2017) show that the low doses of
alpha-lipoic acid (10 mg/kg body weight) did not affect serum glucose
concentration. Ferreira et al., (2016) illustrated that a significant decrease in
the glucose of serum for diabetic rats administered with 12% of yeast
Saccharomyces.

Table (2):Effect of Diet supplementation with different levels of alpha-lipoic

acid, and brewer’s yeast on blood glucose levels (mean+SD).
Glucose (mg/dl)
Groups
At the end
After 2 After 3
Zero time of
weeks weeks
experiment

Control 142.03±4.79f
144.76±3.52b 141.34±4.33f 142.67±3.77f
negative
a
Control positive 288.95±1.24a 287.35±5.23a 284.62±3.55a 285.34±2.57
Diabetic +LA 172.58±2.74d
290.74±1.91a 217.52±6.36d 185.30±4.76d
30 mg/kg
Diabetic +LA 151.12±2.90c
288.30±9.50a 205.71±3.67c 177.36±5.34c
60 mg/kg
c
Diabetic +BY 290.26±5.65a 246.10±3.11c 212.64±2.78c 182.55±3.68
LSD 8.84 7.77 6.81 5.64
(LA) α-lipoic acid, (BY) brewer’s yeast
Least significant differences at P≤0.05.
Means with the same letter are insignificantly difference.

Effect of Diet supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid, and brewer’s yeast on

AST, ALT, and ALP are represented in Table (3).
 24 Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020

Injected rats with alloxan induced elevation in levels of ALT and the value
was 42.57 ± 2.28 U/L as compared with other groups. Supplemented with 60
mg/kg B.W/day of alpha–lipoic acid induced a significant decrease in the levels
of ALT compared with diabetic control rats by mean value 22.51±1.22U/L.
These results agree with Huong and Ide, (2017) who reported that Alpha-lipoic
acid has a positive effect in reducing the levels of AST, ALT and ALP in rats.

Table (3): Effect of Diet supplementation with different levels of alpha -lipoic
acid, and brewer’s yeast on AST, ALT and ALP (mean+SD).
ALP(U/ L)
Groups AST(U/ L) ALT(U/ L)

Control negative 57.45±6.63bc 32.29±2.33b 58.71±3.67b

Control positive 75.09±1.62a 42.57±2.28a 68.34±4.28a
Diabetic +LA 30 b b 51.25±3.85c
60.35±2.70 28.87±3.56
mg/kg
Diabetic +LA 60 42.91±3.68d
46.27±2.93d 22.51±1.22c
mg/kg
Diabetic +BY 53.60±3.73bcd 31.04±2.08b 54.36±1.36bc
LSD 6.46 3.99 5.97
(LA) α-lipoic acid, (BY) brewer’s yeast
Least significant differences at P≤0.05.
Means with the same letter are insignificantly difference.

Effect of Diet supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid, and brewer’s yeast on

uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine are given in Table (4)
The data revealed that there was a significant increase in uric acid levels for
diabetic rats compare with all other treated groups with a value of
5.26±0.34mg/dl. After supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid at 30 and 60
mg/kg B.W/day and brewer’s yeast, decrease the mean values to 3.76±0.19,
2.64±0.18, and 4.06±0.21 mg/dl, respectively as compared with diabetic control
rats, the lowest value belonged to the group supplemented with a high dose of
alpha-lipoic acid (60 mg/kg B.W/day). Supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid
at 30 and 60 mg/kg B.W/day, brewer’s yeast significantly decreased in the
concentration of urea nitrogen as compared with untreated group. As results
demonstrated that, the highest value of creatinine levels recorded for diabetic
Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020 25

control, in which the mean value was 2.07±0.17 mg/dl. There was a significant
decrease in creatinine levels, that appeared, after supplementation with alpha-
lipoic acid at 30 mg /kg B.W/day, and brewer's yeast recorded mean values
1.6±0.22 and 1.44±0.08 mg/dl, respectively. The highest reduction, which was
0.94±0.17 mg/dl, belonged to diabetic group supplemented with alpha-lipoic
acid at 60 mg /kg B.W/day. It could be seen from the previous data that
supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (especially the high dose) caused a
marked decline in uric acid, urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels which increased
in diabetic rats. Similarly, earlier reports have shown that alpha-lipoic acid is a
naturally occurring that has potent antioxidative activity in a wide variety of
experimental systems and clinically used to treat diabetic
neuropathy (Biewenga et al., 2015). Also, Winiarska et al., (2017) reported
that supplementation with a-lipoic acid decreased the serum urea and creatinine
concentrations.

Table (4): Effect of Diet supplementation with different levels of alpha -lipoic
acid, and brewer’s yeast on uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine (mean+SD).
urea Creatinine(mg/dl)
Groups uric acid (mg/dl)
nitrogen(mg/dl)

Control negative 3.81±0.15b 64.39±3.96b 1.56±0.12b

Control positive 5.26±0.34a 71.44±1.97a 2.07±0.17a
Diabetic +LA 30 1.6±0.22bc
3.76±0.19b 58.27±1.50c
mg/kg
Diabetic +LA 60 0.94±0.17d
2.64±0.18d 48.19±1.63d
mg/kg
Diabetic +BY 4.06±0.21b 60.45±2.88bc 1.44±0.08bc
LSD 0.36 4.19 0.27
(LA) α-lipoic acid, (BY) brewer’s yeast
Least significant differences at P≤0.05.
Means with the same letter are insignificantly difference.

Effect of Diet supplementation with alpha -lipoic acid, and brewer’s yeast on
GSH, MDA, and SOD in Table (5).
The data illustrated that there was a significant increase in the levels of
Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH) in diabetic groups supplemented with
 26 Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020

alpha-lipoic acid with 30 and 60 mg/kg B.W/day and brewer’s yeast as

compared to diabetic group. It could be observed that supplementation with
alpha-lipoic acid (especially the high dose) has a positive effect on GSH and
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by increasing their levels in diabetic
rats, which has the lowest values of them, wherein it decreased : malonaldehyde
(MDA) levels as it increased in diabetic rats. Brewer's yeast induced the same
effect on GSH, SOD, and MDA. These results agree with (vukkarasu and
Anuradha., 2014) found that the activity of SOD enzymatic antioxidants was
significantly lowered in fructose-fed rats (has elevation level in blood glucose)
meanwhile treatment of fructose-fed rats with alpha-lipoic acid was
significantly increased in SOD levels.

Table (5): Effect of Diet supplementation with different levels of alpha -lipoic
acid, and brewer’s yeast on GSH, MDA, and SOD in diabetic rats (mean+SD).

Groups GSH (mg/dl) MDA(n mol/ml) SOD (unit /ml)

Control negative 32.22±2.35d 25.91±2.21b 26.42±4.68c

Control positive 26.48±1.61c 31.65±3.83a 23.20±2.27d
Diabetic +LA 30 36.04±2.41b
56.23±2.44c 22.10±1.84bc
mg/kg
Diabetic +LA 60 a d 44.49±1.88a
68.36±3.18 16.44±0,58
mg/kg
Diabetic +BY 59.04±2.11c 22.81±1.79bed 35.14±0.84b
LSD 3.98 3.86 4.53
(LA) alpha -lipoic acid, (BY) brewer’s yeast
(GSH): reduced glutathione.
(MDA): malondialdehyde.
(SOD): superoxide dismutase.
(LA) α-lipoic acid, (BY) brewer’s yeast
Least significant differences at P≤0.05.
Means with the same letter are insignificantly difference.
Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020 27

CONCLUSION
To summarize, in this study; the high doses of alpha-lipoic acid significantly
lowered the liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP activity, it also lowered uric
acid, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, but significantly increase in the levels of
GSH, and SOD, brewer’s yeast give the less effective than high doses of alpha-
lipoic acid. From this study, it can be concluded that alpha-lipoic acid may
protect liver and kidney damage in diabetic.
Ethics approval and consent to participate.
All experiments were carried out according to recommendations of the ethical
conditions approved by the Ethics Committee of Ophthalmology Research
Center Giza, Egypt, of Experimental Animals, which conformed to the
international ethics for handling and care of experimental animals according to
the Canadian Council on Animal Care “CCAC” (1993).
 28 Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020

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 ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪Home Econ. J. Vol. (36), No. (1). 2020‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﻠﺧص اﻟﻌرﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻳر اﻟوﺟﺑﺔ اﻟﻣدﻋﻣﺔ ﺑﺣﺎﻣض اﻻﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳك واﻟﺧﻣﻳرة اﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وظﺎﺋف اﻟﻛﺑد واﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺋران‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻛري‬
‫ﻳﻌﺗﺑــر ﺣــﺎﻣض اﻷﻟﻔــﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳــك ﻣــن ﻣﺿــﺎدات اﻷﻛﺳــدة اﻟﻣﺳــﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻳ ـﺎً ﻓــﻰ اﻟﻌــﻼج واﻟوﻗﺎﻳــﺔ ﻣــن ﻣﺧﺗﻠــف‬
‫اﻷﻣراض اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑزﻳﺎدة اﻟﺷﻘوق اﻟﺣرة ﻛﺎﻟﺷﻳﺧوﺧﺔ وﻣرض اﻟﺳﻛر‪ ،‬وﻟذﻟك ﺗﻬدف ﻫـذﻩ اﻟد ارﺳـﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺗﻌـرف‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳر اﻟذي ﻳﻘوم ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻣض اﻻﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳك ﺑﺟرﻋﺎت ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ وﻛذﻟك اﻟﺧﻣﻳرة اﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔﺔ ﻛﻣﺻدر ﺣﻳـواﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻧــﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﻔﺋ ـران اﻟﻣﺻــﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳــﻛر‪ ،‬ﺣﻳــث ﺗــم اﺳــﺗﺧدام ‪ ٣٠‬ﻓــﺄر ﻣــن ذﻛــور اﻷﻟﺑﻳﻧــو ﺗﺻــﻝ أوزاﻧﻬــم‬
‫‪٢٠±٣١٠‬ﺟم وﺗم ﺗﻘﺳﻳم اﻟﻔﺋران إﻟﻰ ﺧﻣس ﻣﺟﻣوﻋـﺎت وﺗـم اﻟﺣﻘـن ﺑﺎﻻﻟوﻛﺳـﺎن ﺛـم ﺗﻐذﻳـﺔ اﻟﻘﺋـران اﻟﻣﺻـﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻛري ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟوﺟﺑـﺔ اﻻﺳﺎﺳـﻳﺔ ‪ +‬ﺗرﻛﻳـزات ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔـﺔ ﻣـن ﺣﻣـض اﻻﻟﻔـﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳـك )‪ (٦٠،٣٠‬ﻣﻠﺟـم ‪/‬ﻛﺟـم ﻣـن‬
‫وزن اﻟﺟﺳـم‪/‬اﻟﻳـوم‪ ،‬وﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺧﻣﻳـرة اﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔـﺔ ﻛﻣﺻــدر ﺣﻳـواﻧﻲ ﻏﻧـﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻟﻔـﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳـك )‪ (%١٥‬اﺳـﺗﻣرت اﻟﺗﺟرﺑــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻣدة )‪ ٣٠‬ﻳوم( وﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻔﺗرة ﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟزﻳﺎدة ﻓﻰ وزن اﻟﻔﺋران وﻛﻣﻳﺔ اﻟطﻌﺎم اﻟﻣﺗﻧـﺎوﻝ ﻟـدﻳﻬم ﺣﻳـث‬
‫أظﻬــرت اﻟﻧﺗــﺎﺋﺞ أن اﻟﺗــدﻋﻳم ﺑﺣــﺎﻣض اﻷﻟﻔــﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳــك ﺑﺗرﻛﻳ ازﺗــﻪ اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔــﺔ وﻛــذﻟك اﻟﺧﻣﻳـرة اﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔــﺔ ﻳــؤدى إﻟــﻰ‬
‫زﻳــﺎدة ﻣﻌﻧوﻳــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﻛﻣﻳــﺔ اﻟطﻌــﺎم اﻟﻣﺗﻧــﺎوﻝ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋــﺔ اﻟﺿــﺎﺑطﺔ اﻟﻣﺻــﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳــﻛر‪ .‬أظﻬــرت اﻟﻧﺗــﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺣدوث اﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﻣﻌﻧوى ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺟﻠوﻛوز اﻟدم ﻋﻧد اﻟﻔﺋـران اﻟﻣﺻـﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟـﺔ وﻛـﺎن اﻻﻧﺧﻔـﺎض اﻻﻛﺑـر‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺟرﻋﺎت ﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣن ﺣﺎﻣض اﻻﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳك )‪ ٦٠‬ﻣﻠﺟم ‪/‬ﻛﺟم ﻣن وزن اﻟﺟﺳم‪/‬اﻟﻳوم ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻟـوﺣظ‬
‫ارﺗﻔ ــﺎع ﻓ ــﻰ ﻣﺳ ــﺗوى ﻧﺷ ــﺎط إﻧزﻳﻣ ــﺎت اﻷﻻﻧ ــﻳن أﻣﻳﻧ ــوﺗراﻧس ﻓﻳرﻳ ــز )‪ (ALT‬واﻷﺳ ــﺑﺎرﺗﺎت أﻣﻳﻧ ــوﺗراﻧس ﻓﻳرﻳ ــز‬
‫)‪ (AST‬وﻛذﻟك اﻷﻟﻛﺎﻟﻳن ﻓوﺳﻔﺎﺗﻳز )‪ (ALP‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺋـران اﻟﻣﺻـﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺳـﻛر‪ .‬ﺑﻳﻧﻣـﺎ أظﻬـرت اﻟﻧﺗـﺎﺋﺞ اﻧﺧﻔﺎﺿـﺎً‬
‫ﻣﻌﻧوﻳﺎً ﻓـﻰ ﻧﺷـﺎط ﻫـذﻩ اﻹﻧزﻳﻣـﺎت ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻔﺋـران اﻟﻣدﻋوﻣـﻪ ﺑﺣـﺎﻣض اﻷﻟﻔـﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳـك ﻛﻣـﺎ وﺟـد أن زﻳـﺎدة اﻟﻣﺗﻧـﺎوﻝ‬
‫ﻣن ﺣﺎﻣض اﻷﻟﻔﺎﻟﻳﺑوﻳك )‪٦٠‬ﻣﺟﻠم‪/‬ﻛﺟـم ﻣـن وزن اﻟﺟﺳـم‪/‬اﻟﻳـوم( ﻳـؤدى ﻟزﻳـﺎدة ﻫـذا اﻹﻧﺧﻔـﺎض‪ .‬ﻛـذﻟك ﻛﺎﻧـت‬
‫اﻟﺗﻐذﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﻣﻳرﻩ اﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔﻪ اﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳر اﻟﺧﺎﻓض ﻟﻬذﻩ اﻹﻧزﻳﻣﺎت‪ .‬أﺷﺎرت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ إﻟﻰ ﺣدوث اﻧﺧﻔـﺎض ﻣﻌﻧـوي‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت اﻟﻳورﻳﺎ واﻟﻛرﻳﺎﺗﻳﻧﻳن وﺣﻣـض اﻟﻳورﻳـك ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻔﺋـران اﻟﻣﺻـﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳـﻛري واﻟﻣدﻋﻣـﺔ ﺑﺣـﺎﻣض اﻷﻟﻔـﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻳﺑوﻳــك )‪ ٣٠‬و‪٦٠‬ﻣﻠﺟــم‪/‬ﻛﺟــم ﻣــن وزن اﻟﺟﺳــم‪/‬اﻟﻳــوم(‪ .‬ﻛــذﻟك اﻟﺗﻐذﻳــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﺧﻣﻳ ـرﻩ اﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔــﻪ أظﻬــرت أﻳﺿــﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻳرﻫﺎ اﻟﺧﺎﻓض ﻟﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت اﻟﻳورﻳﺎ واﻟﻛرﻳﺎﺗﻳﻧﻳن وﺣﻣض اﻟﻳورﻳك ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺑﻳن وﺟود زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﻧوﻳﺔ ﻓـﻰ ﻣﺳـﺗوﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺟﻠوﺗــﺎﺛﻳون )‪ (GSH‬وﺳــوﺑر أوﻛﺳــﻳد دﺳــﻣﻳوﺗﻳز )‪ (SOD‬ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻔﺋـران اﻟﻣﺻــﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳــﻛر اﻟﻣدﻋﻣــﺔ ﺑﺣــﺎﻣض‬
‫اﻷﻟﻔــﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳــك )‪ ٣٠‬و‪٦٠‬ﻣﺟﻠــم‪/‬ﻛﺟــم ﻣــن وزن اﻟﺟﺳــم‪/‬اﻟﻳــوم( ﻣﻘﺎرﻧــﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺧﻔــﺎض اﻟﻣﻠﺣــوظ ﻓــﻰ ﻣﺳــﺗوﻳﺎﺗﻬم‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت اﻟﺿﺎﺑطﺔ اﻟﻐﻳر ﻣدﻋﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ أدى ﻫذا اﻟﺗدﻋﻳم إﻟﻰ إﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﻣﻌﻧوى ﻓﻰ ﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت اﻟﻣﺎﻟوﻧدﻫﻳد‬
‫)‪ (MDA‬اﻟﺗﻰ ﻛﺎﻧت ﻓﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﺋران اﻟﺿﺎﺑطﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺧﻼﺻﺔ‪ :‬أظﻬرت اﻟوﺟﺑـﺔ اﻟﻣدﻋﻣـﺔ ﺑﺣـﺎﻣض اﻷﻟﻔـﺎ ﻟﻳﺑوﻳـك أﺳـد اﻧﺧﻔـﺎض ﻣﻌﻧـوي ﻓـﻲ ﻧﺷـﺎط اﻧزﻳﻣـﺎت اﻟﻛﺑـد‬
‫واﻟﻛﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺋران اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑداء اﻟﺳﻛري‪.‬‬