Department of Education

REGION III
Schools Division Office of City of Malolos
CITY OF MALOLOS INTEGRATED SCHOOL -ATLAG

Learning Activity Sheets in

JESSICA P. PINGOL
Teacher I 0|P age
 LIFE PROCESSES
SCIENCE 8 - QUARTER 4, WEEK 2
EXPECTATIONS
This Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) contains:
Module 2 – Digestion (Q4, Week 2 S8LT-IVa-14-15)
In this module, you should be able to:
1. explain how diseases of the digestive system are prevented, detected, and treated; and
2. identify healthful practices that affect the digestive system.

PRETEST
Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. What happens to the food in your small intestine?
A. Mechanical digestion happens B. Water is absorbed
C. Undigested food is stored D. Final digestion occurs
2. How does the food moves through the digestive tract?
A. By gravity B. By cilia C. Chemical absorption D. Wavelike muscle contraction
3. Bile is stored and concentrated in the
A. Gall bladder B. Urinary bladder
C. liver D. Pancreas
4. Which of the following best maintain intestinal health?
A. Fatty food B. fiber C. starch D. vitamin
5. Which of the following is a tube which connects the mouth and
stomach?
A. Trachea B. Larynx C. Esophagus D. pharynx

RECAP
Identify the following life processes .
I - putting food in the mouth
D – break down of food molecules into simple and soluble form.
A – digested food are absorbed by the villi of small intestine
A – simple products are used to build up bigger molecules of proteins, carbohydrates
E – undigested food are moved out of the body

LESSON
Food fuels the body for the needed energy and to maintain its basic life processes. What will happen to the food
once we put it in our mouth? We will now explore the breaking down processes of food as it moves along the alimentary
canal. We will divide the topic into a bite sizes and hoping that at the end of the module you get nuggets of vital
information.
Part 1- The Organs of digestion
Part II – Healthy Practices for the Digestive System
What are the organs of digestion?
The human digestive system is tube-like because it has an opening where food enters the mouth and the waste
products exit through an anus. The organs of digestion are divided into two main parts: the organs of alimentary tract
and accessory organs.

1|P age
 Digestion begins in the mouth or oral cavity. It contains 32 teeth that break down food into small pieces, tongue that
mixes food with saliva and ducts of salivary glands, secrete ptyalin that start the chemical digestion of carbohydrates.
Partially digested food mixes with saliva and lubricated and chewed until it forms into a ball-shaped bolus. Swallowing
pushes the bolus into the pharynx or throat.

Pharynx is 5-6 inches long, during swallowing, the sphincter muscles relax and raises the epiglottis to cover the
opening of trachea so food passes from the pharynx to the esophagus then into the stomach by wavelike contraction
and relaxation of involuntary muscles called peristalsis.

Stomach is a pear-shaped organ, about 30.5cm long and 15.2 cm wide and has the capacity of about 1 liter.
Stomach has many folds called rugae. Within the rugae are gastric glands secreting gastric juices and hydrochloric acid
that digest proteins. The contraction or churning of the stomach mixes the food with gastric juices and the food is
converted into chyme, a semifluid partially digested food. During the churning, the sphincter muscles on both side of the
stomach are closed. Food usually remains in the stomach for 2-3 hours.

The pyloric valve at the intestinal end, opens and closes several times emptying or moving the chyme to the small
intestine. Small intestine is about 6 meters long and approximately 2.5 cm in diameter for adult. It is divided into 3
sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Small intestine is considered as organ of complete digestion because it
secretes the enzymes that change food materials into their simplest components. The walls of the small intestine
contain many folds that are lined up with villi. Every villus has epithelial cells for covering and blood vessels scattered
within. On the surface of every epithelial cells it has tinier projection called microvilli add up a wide surface area for the
absorption of nutrients. and into the bloodstream and get transported to various parts of the body.

Not all food is completely digested. These undigested materials become watery and pass from small intestine into
the large intestine. Large intestine or colon is about 5cm wide and 1.5 meters long. Water is absorbed from undigested
food and the remaining materials which then become more solid are pass into the rectum where they are temporarily
stored and are eventually eliminated through the
anus as waste.
Here are some of the accessory organs of
digestion.
1. Salivary glands – these include parotid,
sublingual and submandibular which
secretes saliva that contains salivary
amylase or ptyalin
2. Liver is located at the right side of upper
abdomen. It is responsible for production of
bile, about 500mL -1,000 mL daily. Bile is
temporarily stored and concentrated in the
gallbladder. Bile emulsifies fats and
neutralizes the chyme from the stomach.
3. Pancreas – is yellowish gland about 18cm
long and 4 cm wide. The acinar cells of
pancreas secretes amylopsin, trypsin,
steapsin and nuclease

Beside is a summary of the digestion and

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Healthy Practices that can promote proper nutrition and over all wellness
1. A diet rich in raw, living food like fruits and vegetables. They are rich with enzymes which hasten the chemical
breakdown of food.
2. Food rich in fibers. Fibers “sweep” the large intestine to keep it clean and to assist in elimination.
3. Drinking enough amount of water.
4. Drinking warm liquid. Ice cold drinks stiffen the muscles of the digestive organs.
5. Light exercises after eating. Brisk walking can increase breathing and heartrate that can jumpstart the digestive
process.
6. Probiotics are available as nutritional supplements. Probiotics can help increase digestive time.

ACTIVITIES
Explore and strengthen your understanding of the topic by answering these activities
Activity 1- Can you help me identify my digestive organs?
Direction. Label the organs and glands for digestion.

Activity 2- How will I take care of my digestive organs?

Activity 3 – Match Me
Sometimes, digestive problems may occur due to several reasons. Direction: Match the items in column A with the
items in column B
A B
1. Heartburn a. Caused by excess secretion of stomach acid
2. Flatulence b. Presence of excess amount of gas
3. Colitis c. Inflammation of large intestine
4. Constipation d. discomfort like bloating and pain in upper abdomen
5. Indigestion e. Bowel movement become frequent and difficult.

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 WRAP-UP
Let’s wind up this lesson by completing the statements. Choose from the following words.

Diet practices breaking alimentary tract accessory

Digestion is a process of _________ down food into simple components that the cells can use. The human
digestive system has the organs of ______________ ____________ that comes in contact with the food and the
____________ organs to pour out secretions to assist in the digestive process.
A healthy _________ and __________ plus some technologies will promote proper nutrition and overall
wellness.

VALUING
“A healthy body starts with a healthy plate. “
(What do you think are the contents of a healthy plate? Can you and your family find ways to have it in your dining
table?) ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

POST-TEST
Direction: Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. In what organ is food completely digested and absorbed?
A. liver B. Mouth C. Stomach D. Small intestine
2. Which of the following is a function of the gall bladder?
A. Produce bile B. Attached the pancreas C. Stores and concentrates bile D. produce insulin
3. Which of the following practices is helpful to our digestive organs?
A. Ice cold drinks after meal B. Intake of ready to eat food
C. Raw diet and rich in fiber D. Eating small portion of food
4. This is where the digestion and respiration both occur,
A. trachea B. Nose C. pharynx D. Larynx
5. Many people died of colon cancer. We can prevent this from happening to us by
A. Consulting a doctor B. Eating food rich in fiber
C. Drinking enough amount of water D. All of the above

3|P age