Lab Report 3 Phys101la44

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Physics Laboratory

A44
E103 & E104
Malibiran, Christianne Claire
Lovino, Julia Margaret Lee U.
Parazo, Hans Josef. S.
Yamongan, Gian Carlo A.
Mapúa University

Abstract: E103 discusses on the procedures and results of data gathered in moment of
interia experiment. On the other hand, E104, discuss the experiment of achieving the
rotational equilibrium of the beam in its two different rotational axis.

E104
1. INTRODUCTION 1. The model balance is set up by placing
Experiment 104 deals with torque and the second the beam’s axis of rotation at the center
condition of equilibrium. Torque is the ability of of the stand.
force to move an object in rotational motion either 2. and are placed
clockwise or counterclockwise rotation. The 2 nd on each end of the beam. Pans should
condition of equilibrium is theory of rotational be opposing each other.
equilibrium whereas the total torque of an object
must be equal to zero. The objective of the 3. Place the = 10 grams on
experiment is to achieve the rotational equilibrium and move the pans to
in two different situations. First situation where the achieve equilibrium. Measure
center of rotational axis is placed in the center of .
the beam while balancing two pans with different 4. Place the = 5 grams on
weights on it. Second situation, the rotational axis is
and move the pans to
offset to the left side of the center where a pan with
achieve equilibrium. Measure
weight is placed on its opposite side in order to
counter the gravity pull on the beam. .
5. Repeat steps 1-4 for trial 2.
2. THEORY 6. Compute for and
The Second Condition of Equilibrium states that the
total torque acting on the beam must equal to zero. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In order to achieve the equilibrium of the beam
carrying the weights its placement must be precise Table 1. Determining the Weight of Pans
on each sides to avoid any accelerating rotation Actual value of pan 1, P= 24.8 grams
otherwise it would be a failed experiment. Actual value of pan 2, P= 24.9 grams

3. MATERIALS and PROCEDURES T Trial


computed computed
Experiment 104 are required to use the following 10 15.5 15.5 14 22.44 24.78
materials: cm cm cm cm g g
1 set of model balance 8.75 12.75 13 6.25 27.67 25.32
1 set of weights cm cm cm cm g g
1 pc of meterstick
1 pc of protractor Average Weight of pan 1 = 25.05 grams
2 pcs of weight pans Average Weight of pan 2 = 25.05 grams
1 pc of spring balance Percent Difference for pan 1 = 10.03%
To perform the experiments as intended the Percent Difference for pan 2 = 6.06%
following procedures were done:
A. Determining the Weight of the Pans Table 1 shows the results of the experiment where
two pans with different weights are placed on the
beam. The results of both trials show the exact equilibrium#:~:text=The%20second%20condition
measurements on lengths 1 to 4 that resulted to %20necessary%20to,the%20forces%20acting
equilibrium between the two pans hanging on the %20on%20it.
opposite sides of the beam. By using equation 1, it is
used to compute the weight of and . The
average of both pans equaled to 25.05 grams which E103
is near to its actual value of 24.8 and 24.9 grams. 1. INTRODUCTION
This is also reflected in the percentage difference of Moment of inertia is the measure of the rotational
both pans whereas, = 10.03% and = 6.06%. inertia of rigid body. It is the resistance of a rigid
body to any change in its rotational motion about a
Table 2. Determining the Weight of the Beam. specified axis. Moment of inertia, a scalar quantity,
is the rotational equivalent of mass.
Trial
computed actual 2. THEORY
1 14.5 8 cm 75.05 g 136.02 g 134.4 g The moment of inertia of a particle rotating about
cm an axis is given by the expression,
2 10.25 7.5 105.05 143.57 g I = mr 2 (eqn. 1)
cm cm g
3 8.5cm 7.75 125.05 137.15 g
cm g where m is the mass of the particle and r is the
Average Weight of Beam = 138.91 g shortest or perpendicular distance relative to the
axis of rotation. For a group of particles,
Percent Difference = 3.3%
( eqn. 2)
Table 2 shows the results where the experiment is
For a rigid body consisting of continuous
to determine the computed values of beam’s weight.
distribution of mass, the moment of inertia can be
Each trial above used different weights on the pan computed by taking the integral of the masses
to determine the average weight if the beam. First relative to the axis of rotation, 
trial used 50 g brass then the second trial used 80 g, (eqn. 3)
and lastly the third trial used 100g of brass. By
using equation 2, the data for computed weight of The differential mass dm can be expressed in terms
beam was determined. Averaging the three of elemental volume dV and the density p. Recall
computed data is equaled to 138.91 grams which is that density is mass per unit volume,  p = dm / dV .
Equation 3 can be written as
near to its actual weight of 134.4 grams. Thus
(eqn. 4)
computing its percent difference, it is at 3.3%.

5. CONCLUSION If the density of the body is uniform, 


In this experiment, the data gathered in the both  (eqn. 5)
parts are within the acceptable range for the
computed average weight of pans. Both average pan 3. MATERIALS and PROCEDURES
values are precisely near the actual value it can be Experiment 103 is required to use the material:
observed that a rotational equilibrium have been -The Physics Aviary Virtual Laboratory
achieved in performing the experiment. Whereas, A
rotation body or system can be in equilibrium if its To perform the experiments as intended the
rate of ration is constant and remains unchanged by following procedures were done:
the forces acting on it(OpenStax,2022). In this case
the unchanged forces are the masses of pans. Part 1. Moment of Inertia of a Solid Disk Pulley
1. Open the Moment of Inertia virtual laboratory by
6. REFERENCES clicking this link: Moment Of Inertia of Pulley
OpenStax (2022) 9.2 The Second Condition for (thephysicsaviary.com) or the link provided by your
Equilibrium. https://openstax.org/books/college- instructor.
physics-2e/pages/9-2-the-second-condition-for-
2. Set the inner radius r of the pulley to zero and 6. In the resulting velocity vs. time graph, compute
choose a value for the outer radius R (50 mm to 150 the linear acceleration a of the falling mass using the
mm). Enter your value of R (in meters) in Table 1. R equation.
is constant for all trials.
7. Compute the moment of inertia IE using the
3. Set the mass of the pulley M (50 g to and max = equation
1000 g). Enter your value of M (in kg) in Table 1. M
is constant for all trials. Compute the moment of
inertia of the solid disk IC using the equation
8. Compute the angular acceleration  and torque 
in each trial using a

9. Click reset and repeat the steps using different


4.Set the planet to Earth where g = 9.8 m/s2.
values for the falling mass m.
5.Set the falling mass m (min = 50 g and max = 500
g). Click start. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6. In the resulting velocity vs. time graph, compute


the linear acceleration a of the falling mass using the
equation.

7. Compute the experimental value of the moment


of inertia IE using the equation

8. Compute the angular acceleration  and torque  I. Screenshots of Trial 1 (Set Up and v vs. t graph):
in each trial using a II. Sample Computation of Trial 1 (a, IC and IE):
III. Analysis: Based from the data in Table 1, answer
the following questions.
9. Click reset and repeat the steps using different a. What factors determine the moment of inertia of a
values for the falling mass m. solid disk pulley?
b. What effect does the falling mass have on the
Part 2. Moment of Inertia of a Ring Pulley moment of inertia of the solid disk pulley?
c. What effect does increasing/decreasing the falling
1. Set the inner radius r of the pulley r such that it is mass m have on linear acceleration?
greater than zero but less than the outer radius R (R IV. Conclusion:
> r > 0). Enter the values of r and R in Table 2. R
and r are constants for all trials.

2. Set the mass of the pulley M (min = 50 g and max


= 100 g). Enter the value of M in Table 2. M is
constant for all trials.

3. Compute the moment of inertia of the ring pulley


IC using the equation.

4. Set the planet to Earth where g = 9.8 m/s2.


I. Screenshots of Trial 1 (Set Up and v vs. t graph):
5. Set the falling mass m (min = 50 g and max = 500 II. Sample Computation of Trial 1 (a, IC and IE):
g). Click start. III. Analysis: Based from the data in Table 2, answer
the following questions.
a. What factors determine the moment of inertia of a
ring pulley?
b. What effect does the falling mass have on the
moment of inertia of the ring pulley?
c. What effect does increasing/decreasing the falling
mass m have on linear acceleration?
IV. Conclusion:

5. CONCLUSION

As a result, torque depends on the angle at which


the applied force is perpendicular to the axis of
rotation, although torque is directly proportional to
the force exerted on a particle. The outcome of this
experiment allowed us to determine the variables
that control the torque given to a body, including
the distance the object is from, the center of gravity,
and the strength of the force acting on it. A system
may not be in rotational equilibrium just because it
is in translational equilibrium. Forces in the
translational equilibrium are zero, but torque in the
rotating equilibrium is known by the axis distance.
Lastly, for a body to remain in translational and
rotational equilibrium, all forces operating on it
must add up to zero and also be balanced by
another force that is located at the same distance
from the pivot point.

In conclusion, in all the concepts discussed, the


moment of inertia is typically known to be the
measurement of a rigid body's inertia. It is the rigid
body's resistance to any changes in the direction of
its rotation about a given axis. It is a scalar quantity
that is similar to mass in rotation. A rigid body is
described as a certain volume of matter whose
sequential data are fixed with each other. The
notions of angular velocity and angular acceleration
are crucial in the study of the moment of inertia
because they are used to define the equation for the
moment of inertia using circular kinetic energy.

6. REFERENCES

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