Experiment 104 Torque: 2 Condition of Equilibrium: Physics

Department of
PHYSICS
Experiment 104
Torque: 2nd Condition of Equilibrium
Name:
Course/Year: ME/1
Subject/Section: PHYS101L/A23
Date of Performance:
Date of Submission:
Criteria Score
Data Sheet with sample computation (40 points)
Guide Questions (GQ) (10 points)
Interpretation of Results (Analysis) (15 points)
Error Analysis (5 points)
Conclusion (15 points)
Application (10 points)
Graph/figure (5 points)
Instructor
Guide Questions
1. Can two unequal weights be balanced in the model balance? How should the different
weights be positioned in the model balance to achieve equilibrium?
In the model balance, two unequal weights can be balanced. The heavier weight
must be placed near the axis of rotation which is at the center. The lighter one must be
place farther from the axis of rotation. Since torque depends on the length of the moment
and the perpendicular magnitude of the force applied. Thus, the distance from the axis of
rotation is the only variable that can be changed.
2. In Part B, why must the support of the beam be transferred to the second hole to
determine its weight? Explain Briefly.
Transferring into the second hole this will be the news axis of rotation and the
center of gravity of the beam does not pass through the rotational axis. Equating the
torque of the center of gravity of the beam and torque of the pan and the added weight by
the weight of the beam being unknown.
Analysis
Forces may cause an object to experience linear or rotational motion. An object is at

equilibrium if all forces acting upon it is balanced. The unbalanced force or an external force
applied will accelerate the object either linear or rotational. Torque is the influence of force to
change the rotational motion of an object. Torque depends distance from the axis of rotation to the
linear force applied this called moment arm and the perpendicular component of the force applied
with respect to the moment arm. Mathematically, it shown in equation 1.
𝜏 = 𝑟𝐹 sin 𝜃 (eqn. 1)
where τ is the torque, r is the distance between the rotational axis and the force applied, F
is the applied force, and θ the angle between the applied and moment arm.
The law of acceleration for rotational motion behaves similar to the linear acceleration
describe in equation 2. An object is said to be in equilibrium both in translational motion and
rotational if the sum of all forces acting upon the object is zero (0). The 1st condition of equilibrium
states an object will be static in both x and y axis. Wherein, the 2nd condition of equilibrium states
an object will not rotate if the sum of all torques are equal to zero. Thus, the body will not have
angular acceleration. Regardless, the several amount of torques applied if the sum of it is zero the
body will not rotate.
𝜏 = 𝐼α (eqn. 2)
where 𝜏 is the torque, I is the moment of rotation, and α is the angular acceleration.
The experiment depicted in analyzing system to attain equilibrium, effect of torque onto
the system, and effect of distance from the rotational axis. The experiment conducted two (2) trials
in determining the weight of the pan which every trial different weight was used, and three (3)
trials in determining the weight of the beam. The force due to gravity was the only force acting
upon the object to rotate. In those two (2) trials part 1 , four (4) different distance from the rotational
axis yield four(4) results. The average on each trial was computed. The final weight of the pan was
average of those two trials and used as experimental value. The average weight of pan 1 and pan
2 were 24.6149 g and 25.1488 g, respectively. The actual value of pan 1 and pan 2 measured using
a weigh scale were both 24.8 g. The actual value and experiment value were compared using
percent difference shown in equation 3. In the part 2, three (3) different distances were used. The
trials were averaged. The averaged weight of the beam was 140.7973 g used as experimental value.
The actual value of the beam was 139.1 g. A percent difference used to compare the results.
|𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐸𝑥𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑥 100 (eqn. 3)
2
Error Analysis
The experiment yielded a percent difference not exceeding 2 % . The low percent
difference means the experiment conducted approximately accurate and precise. Errors may still
arise. The weighing scale used was highly calibrated. The experiment only provided an
approximation through precision of data. Also, observation theory may be an error due to the
judgement upon measuring and estimating. Measurement such as the distance from the rotation of
axis must be measure where the object does not rotate. The apparatus used may also arises
systematic error.
Conclusion
Performing the 2nd condition of equilibrium, objectives were met. In getting weight of the
pan, the system must be in equilibrium. The system must not rotate. The system was analyzed in
attaining equilibrium. Thus, the 1st object was met. Force due to gravity was the only force acting
upon the system. By this, the weight of the system can be approximated. Thus, the weight of a
rigid body was acquired using the 2nd condition of equilibrium.
Application
Torque is the force to happen a rotational motion. As a mechanical engineering student,
one application of the experiment was the torque converter. It allows the engine to rotate
independently of the transmission. If the engine is turning slowly, such as when the car is idling at
a stoplight, the amount of torque passed through the torque converter is very small, so keeping the
car still requires only a light pressure on the brake pedal. An engineering marvel for automatic
transmission.

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Department of

Forces may cause an object to experience linear or rotational motion. An object is at

|𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐸𝑥𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|

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