Out of Thin Air Documetary

March 23, 2022 - Out of
Thin Air Documentary

Created @March 20, 2022 8:45 PM
Tags
Hennig Brand - german alchemist trying to make gold from urine
made it into paste, extreme heat
phosphorous was created instead
discovery of elements - people trying to turn substances of

nature to be something valuable
initial thought: there are only four elements
air, water, fire, earth
until they discovered the elements of the periodic table
The Mystery of Matter: Search for the Elements

Joseph Black - looked for cure for kidney stones
mixed chalky substance and trapped air = heavier
fixed air = carbon dioxide
discovery of the third state of matter: gasses
discovered nitrogen and hydrogen shortly after
Joseph Priestly - discovers all sort of new ERS
poured acid on everything, collected bubbles, discovered

different properties
March 23, 2022 - Out of Thin Air Documentary 1

discovered 9 new gases
brewery - noticed carbon dioxide in the fermented beer >

discovery of carbonation
carbonation: generating carbon dioxide and injecting it

into water
soda water - might be a treatment for scurvy
scouted for royal contribution - lavoisier
1. Antoine Lavoiser
marie anne - creates diagrams for husband’s words
phlogiston - chemistry’s leading theory about fire
explains metals and rust
contradiction: calx was heavier than the metal even if

phlogiston already left
obsessed with the weights of his elements - balance sheet

of chemicals
conservation of matter = outputs must weigh the same as

inputs
experiment: understanding why calcs were heavier
discovered that air goes in and air out
burning makes elements gain weight = absorbed air when

burned
challenged the very foundation of chemistry
experiment: candle blew sparks in every direction
discovered oxygen: more breathable, combustable
provided implications of this new gas
disproved the 4 element belief

“if you can all chemistry without phlogiston, they it
must not exist”
did not credit priestly’s idea over dinner
discovered the following:
our air is made up of mostly nitrogen and oxygen
water is made up of two gases (hydrogen, oxygen)
fire is not an element, it’s a process combining with

oxygen
disproved that iron, tin, and lead weren’t actually

compounds
initially thought they were compounds because it

contained phlogiston
released a textbook containing 33 simple substances
initially included light and heat - was disproved >

became new challenge for other chemists
initiated the world wide race for the elements
2. Joseph Priestly
begun to study red calcs of mercury
liquid at room temperature, solid used to treat disease
no plhogistin was needed to transform mercury between

states of matter
experiment: heated mercury with sunlight
decomposes mercury > tests the remaining air
candle burnt brighter than fixed air
if this new gas supports fire, can it also support

breathing?
invited to dine with scientists - met lavoiser

experiment: placed a mouse under a container with the air
retrieved from mercury calcs
mouse survived twice longer than fixed or any other air
better than common air - 5-6 times better
breathes it himself - feels better
3. Humphry Davy
one of the chemists who joined the race to discover new

elements
learns from books released by lavoisier
experiment: using friction to melt blocks of ice
disprove some of lavosier’s theories
theory of heat - lavoisier said heat was a material

substance called caloric
heat is actually the movement of particles
landed a place in the pneumatic institution
purpose of institution: discover gases to cure diseases
davy’s job: create new gases and test them
experiment: inhaled carbon monoxide, the poisonous gas

found in exhausts, and nitrous oxide
nearly kills himself lmao, two joints
discovers laughing gas
davy x newton - he is the newton of chemistry
built voltaic pile and started experiments on electricity
london royal institution - chemistry laboratory
mission of institution - provide public lectures to

spark interest of science among the london elite

started as assistant lecturer, got top job later on >
best lecturer
invited to lecture in an org newton once lead
lectured to royal societies
davy dived back to electricity - could he create a

bigger battery to break down even bigger chemicals?
caustic potash - substance derived from wood ashes
experiment: constructed a big battery to see if you can

breakdown potash to its original elements
discovered potassium
discovered sodium through separating caustic soda
turned electricity as a tool to discover new elements
discovered barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium
using this technique, other chemists were able to

discover aluminum, iodine, silicon, boron, lithium
4. Alessandro Volta
claimed to have discovered a new source of electricity
back then, only sources of electricity were lightning

and electrostatic devices
volta claimed that you can have a steady electricity

source
experiment: discs of zinc and copper, seperation by

cardboard soaked in salt water
made the first electric battery
Conclusion
Priestly - first to publish about oxygen

Lavoisier - first to understand its significance
Carl Wilhelm Scheele - di na kinaya ng utak ko basta di siya

napublish so alang credit

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March 23, 2022 - Out of

Thin Air Documentary

Hennig Brand - german alchemist trying to make gold from urine

made it into paste, extreme heat

phosphorous was created instead

discovery of elements - people trying to turn substances of

initial thought: there are only four elements

air, water, fire, earth

until they discovered the elements of the periodic table

The Mystery of Matter: Search for the Elements

mixed chalky substance and trapped air = heavier

fixed air = carbon dioxide

discovery of the third state of matter: gasses

discovered nitrogen and hydrogen shortly after

Joseph Priestly - discovers all sort of new ERS

poured acid on everything, collected bubbles, discovered

March 23, 2022 - Out of Thin Air Documentary 1

brewery - noticed carbon dioxide in the fermented beer >

carbonation: generating carbon dioxide and injecting it

soda water - might be a treatment for scurvy

scouted for royal contribution - lavoisier

marie anne - creates diagrams for husband’s words

phlogiston - chemistry’s leading theory about fire

explains metals and rust

contradiction: calx was heavier than the metal even if

obsessed with the weights of his elements - balance sheet

conservation of matter = outputs must weigh the same as

experiment: understanding why calcs were heavier

discovered that air goes in and air out

burning makes elements gain weight = absorbed air when

challenged the very foundation of chemistry

experiment: candle blew sparks in every direction

discovered oxygen: more breathable, combustable

provided implications of this new gas

disproved the 4 element belief

March 23, 2022 - Out of Thin Air Documentary 2

did not credit priestly’s idea over dinner

discovered the following:

our air is made up of mostly nitrogen and oxygen

water is made up of two gases (hydrogen, oxygen)

fire is not an element, it’s a process combining with

disproved that iron, tin, and lead weren’t actually

initially thought they were compounds because it

released a textbook containing 33 simple substances

initially included light and heat - was disproved >

initiated the world wide race for the elements

begun to study red calcs of mercury

liquid at room temperature, solid used to treat disease

no plhogistin was needed to transform mercury between

experiment: heated mercury with sunlight

decomposes mercury > tests the remaining air

candle burnt brighter than fixed air

if this new gas supports fire, can it also support

invited to dine with scientists - met lavoiser

March 23, 2022 - Out of Thin Air Documentary 3

mouse survived twice longer than fixed or any other air

better than common air - 5-6 times better

breathes it himself - feels better

one of the chemists who joined the race to discover new