Geography Extra Questions

1. Give a brief description of the Suez Canal.

The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the
Indian Ocean via the Red Sea. It enables a more direct route for shipping between
Europe and Asia, effectively allowing for passage from the North Atlantic to the Indian
Ocean without having to circumnavigate the African continent. It has reduced distance
between India and Europe by 7000 km.

2. When does India begin to taper?

South of about 22° north latitude.
3. What are the no. of union territories on west and east coast? Union Territories on the
western coast of India are four in number — Diu and Daman Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Mahe Pondicherry and Lakshadweep. Union Territories on the eastern coast of India
are two Pondicherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
4. Why are the Shiwalik ranges prone to landslides and earthquakes?
(i) This range lies on the plate boundary of Eurasian and Indo-Australian plate.
(ii) This range is made up of unconsolidated sediments.
(iii) There sediments are more susceptible for downslope movement under the
force of gravity in the rainy season.
5. Differentiate between internal migration and international migration.

6. What is 'age composition'? How does it affect the population's social and economic
structure?
 Age composition refers to the number of people in different age groups in a
country.
 Age composition certainly affect the population's social and economic
structure:
(a) To a great extent, a person’s age influences what he/she needs, buys, does and
his/her
capacity to perform.
(b) In a population, a greater number of infants/children and aged group is a
liability for working population whereas a greater number of working population is
an asset.
7. How has the rural-urban migration resulted urbanisation in India? Explain
 Due to adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in rural areas,
people migrate towards urban areas.
 Urban areas are the centres of attraction due to the presence of industries
or factories which provide jobs to thousands of migrants from rural areas.
 People also migrate towards urban areas due to better living conditions,
education etc. In this process, small towns are converting into urban
centres.
8. Efforts to conserve the environmental resources get neutralized by the annual increase
in population even though the annual population growth rate over the last few years
has been low. Justify.
 India has a very large population, when a low annual rate is applied to a
very large population, it yields a large absolute increase.
 When more than a billion people increase even at a lower rate, the total
numbers being added becomes very large.
 India's current annual increase in population of 17.64 million is large
enough to neutralize efforts to conserve the resource endowment and
environment.
 The declining trend of the growth rate is indeed a positive indicator.
 But, the total addition to the population base continue to grow.
9. What steps need to be taken to tackle health situation in India?
 The per capita calorie consumption should be increased.
 The govemment should launch a nutritional programme and balance diets should
be made available to all people.
 Safe drinking water should be made available to all especially in rural areas.
 Basic amenities should be made available to all the people of India because these
are available to only one-third of rural population.
 Medical facilities should be made available in all parts of our country especially in
remote areas.
10. "We can reduce the population growth rate by providing better educational
opportunities to women." Justify the statement.
 When the education is provided to the females, they help to educate their
family as well as society.
 Educated women understand the importance of nutrition, hygiene in a
proper and better way.
 It becomes easier to make them understood about the Family Welfare
Programmes.
 Girls will bear the responsibility of mothers in future. If they are educated,
they do not go for early marriages for their daughters:
 Educated women also take initiatives in spreading the information about
health, hygiene, Family Welfare Programmes etc.
 Civics Extra Questions
1. Robert Mugabe was forced out of office in 2017.
2. Since independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has been ruled by ZANU-PF. State its full
form. Ans. (Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front).
3. Write a brief note about the significance of the rule of law and respect for
rights in a democratic country.

In a democracy, the Rule of law states that all laws apply equally to all citizens
of the country and no one can be above the law. The law is equal and similar
for all, be it a government official, a wealthy person or even the President,
none of them are above the law. Hence, the law cannot differentiate between
people on the basis of their religion, caste or gender. Nevertheless, any crime
or violation of law has to be established after which a specific punishment is
given.

Respect for rights mean that every citizen of a democratic state is provided

with some important rights (fundamental rights) and it is a duty of everybody
to respect each other's rights and comply with them.

4. What is ‘Legal framework order’?

The Legal Framework Order refers to presidential decrees issued during military rule in
Pakistan in 1970 and 2002 over the organization of elections.
5. South Africa is also known as 'Rainbow Nation' because Of the multicultural
nature Of the country.
South Africa constitutes of
 San Bushmen (original inhabitants)
 Pastoral Khoi
 Black migrants from sub-Saharan Africa
 Dutch, British, Indians & Chinese etc.
 South African constitution inspires democrats all over the world.
6. Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress in 1931
(i) Reiterated the goal of "Poorna Swaraj".
(ii) Adopted the resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy
(iii) Endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact
7. Indian Constitution is the World's lengthiest written constitution. It had 395
articles, 22 parts & 8 schedules at the time of commencement.
The constitution has a preamble and 470 articles, which are grouped
into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and five appendices, it has been
amended 105 times
8. What is direct democracy? Explain.

Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the

electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as
proxies. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies,
which are representative democracies.

9. Explain if India is a Socialist State

The word socialist was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the
42nd amendment act of 1976, during the Emergency. It implies social and
economic equality. Social equality in this context means the absence of
discrimination on the grounds only of caste, colour, creed, sex, religion, or
language.

10. What are the features of Indian constitution?

1.Federalism: In India we have government at two levels: State Government and
Central Government. Panchayati Raj is the third tier of the government.
List 1 Union/Central List 2. State List 3. Concurrent List
In a federal set up matters of national importance follow orders of Central
Government; state enjoy independence on the matters given in the state list. Some
matters are of concern for both Central and the state governments; they are
included in the concurrent list.
2.Parliamentary Government:- The constitution of India guarantees universal adult
franchise for all the citizens. This means that people in India have direct role in
electing their representatives. These representatives are accountable to people.
3. SEPARATION OF POWERS There are three organs of the state
a) Legislature - Legislature makes laws on behalf of the people
b) Executive - Executive is responsible for implementation of rules and regulations
c) Judiciary - Judiciary protects the interest of the people
4. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS The Indian Constitution guarantees certain rights which
are essential for our wellbeing and it promotes the ideals of equality, liberty and
justice
. 5. SECULARISM secular state is one that does not support any particular religion
and treats all religion alike.
6.FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES- a) Fundamental duties are the ones that are recognized
as moral obligations the citizens are expected to perform.
 b) Article 51A under Part IV A of the Constitution of India speaks of the
fundamental duties.
c) It was through the 42nd Amendment that these duties were introduced in the
Constitution.
7 Directive Principles of State Policy These are guidelines that help the government
in transforming the ideals as highlighted in the constitution into laws, that promote
social economic justice, strengthen the democratic system, safeguard our heritage,
and help in in maintaining peaceful relations with the neighbouring countries
11. How did sensitive whites help ANC?
The role of sensitive whites was to oppose the schemes that were built to
bring down the coloured people. They took the side of the black people and
helped them
in the struggle against unfair agendas of the whites.
12. What is an umbrella organization?
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-
specific)
institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool
resources.
13. What fears did the blacks and whites have?
They wanted to safeguard their interests. The black majority was keen to
ensure that the democratic principle of majority rule was not compromised.
They wanted substantial social and economic rights. The white minority was
keen to protect its privileges and property.
14. Almost how many people were killed at time of partition? IO lakh
15. What experience did the Indians have in institutional design? How was it
useful?
The British rule had given voting rights only to a few. On that basis the
British had introduced very weak legislatures. Elections were held in 1937 to
Provincial Legislatures and Ministries all over British India. These were not
fully democratic governments. But the experience gained by Indians in the
working of the legislative institutions proved to be very useful for the country
in setting up its own institutions and working in them. That is why the Indian
constitution adopted many institutional details and procedures from colonial
laws like the Government of India Act, 1935.
16. What was added through amendment of 1976?
*The terms 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were added in Preamble through
the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976.
17. Define: - constituent assembly, treason, citizen.
Constituent Assembly: An assembly of people's representatives that writes a
constitution for a country.
Treason: The offence of attempting to overthrow the government of the state
to which the offender owes allegiance.
A citizen is a person who, by place of birth, nationality of one or both
parents, or
naturalization is granted full rights and responsibilities as a member of a
nation or
political community.
18. When is constitution day celebrated? 26th November
19. How can amendments be carried out.
 Article 368 of the Constitution provides for the procedure of amendment in
our Constitution. Some Articles can be amended by a simple majority vote in
the Parliament. But some other Articles can be amended by 2/3 majority in
both Houses of the Parliament. This is a slightly difficult method. But the
most difficult method is used in amending some other Articles related to the
election of the President, executive powers of the Union Government and
the State Governments, powers of the Supreme Court or the High Courts.
20. How the working of the constituent assembly has has given sanctity to the
constitution?
the manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the
Constitution. This statement can be justified by following points
(i) It worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner.
(ii) First some basic principles were decided and agreed upon and a draft of
Constitution was prepared.
21. Why the Indian Constitution is termed as living document?
Ans The constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950. Since its
adoption, the country has undergone major changes in political social and
economic arena. Changes were made from time to time in the Constitution
by making amendments to the existing laws.

22. Where is ‘Zimbabwe’ located?

Zimbabwe, a landlocked country in South East Africa, separated from Zambia by the
Zambezi River.
23. What are mid-term elections?
If the Lok Sabha or any of the State Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) is
dissolved before the expiry of its full term and elections are held to constitute
a new house, it is called Mid-term Elections.
24. How is there a wide gap between seats won and votes polled in India?
It is often seen that in India there is a gap between the seats won by the
different political parties and the votes polled. It means that political parties
do not secure as many per cent of seats as many percentage of votes they
secure. For example, in the election to the Lok Sabha held in December
1984, Congress secured 49.3% Votes and got more than three- fourth seats
whereas the remaining political parties secured more than 50% votes and
captured only one-fourth of the total seats. In May, 1996 in the elections of
11th Lok Sabha Congress got 142 seats by getting 28.1% of votes whereas
Bhartiya Janta Party got 161 seats by getting 23.5% votes. These figures
reveal the fact that in the Indian electoral system a party which secures less
number of votes can also come into power. In the elections of 13th Lok
Sabha Congress polled 28.42% votes and won 114 seats whereas B.J.P.
polled around 23.07% votes and won 182 seats.

25. The Presidential System

 Example United States of America
 President directly elected by the people
 He can veto any law
 Both head of the State and head of the government
 No need of majority support in the Congress
 Fixed tenure - 4 years
  Model followed in most countries of Latin America and many of the
ex-Soviet Union Countries.
26. India has an integrated Judiciary Explain.
India has an integrated judiciary which means that the supreme court
controls the judicial administration in the country. The decisions of the
supreme court are binding on all other courts of the country. The Indian
Judiciary consists of Supreme Court at the national level, High courts at the
state level and District court and the courts at local level. Supreme Court is
the highest court of appeal in civil and criminal cases. The Judiciary in India
is one of most powerful in the world.
Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the
President on the advice of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the
Chief Justice of India.

27. A judge can be removed by an impeachment motion passed separately by

two-thirds members of the two houses of the Parliament. Supreme Court
and the High Courts have the power of Judicial review and it acts as the
guardian of Fundamental Rights. In recent times, the courts have given
several judgements and directives to protect public interest and human
rights. The concept of public interest litigation has become popular.
28. Covenant: Promise made by individuals, groups or countries to uphold a rule
or principle legally binding on its signatories.
29. What is the term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner?
6 years or up to 65 years of age (whichever is earlier)

Economics Extra questions

1. 27.Full form of ANM, LHV, RN&RM, NVD.
ANM: Auxiliary Nurse Hydrides,
RN&RM: Registered Nurses & Registered Midwives
, LHV: lady Health Visitors.
NVD: national Voters Day
2. 28.Explain the term structural employment, technical employment.
Structural Unemployment: It is that situation in which unemployment occurs due
to
 Lack of capital
 Lack of resources
 (ii) Underutilisation of natural resources
 (iv) Surplus workers as compared to demand Indian economy is facing structural
unemployment as work force is more than the demand.
Technical Unemployment: If unemployment occurs owing to changes in technology,
it is referred to as technical unemployment. Suppose, when computer reduces the
need for labourers drastically in an economy, which leads to unemployment, one
can say that the economy is reeling under technical unemployment. However, this
type of unemployment is considered harmless and prevail for short durations only.

3. Differentiate between the traditional and modern farming methods

Traditional farming: Modern farming:
1. Involves the use of chemical
1. Manure and compost are used.
fertilisers.
2. There are more farm labourers and no 2. More machines and less farm
machines. labour.
3. Irrigation system that is well
3. Subject to seasonal rainfall. occupied and so not reliant on
seasonal rains.
4. Animals are utilised to plough the 4. Tractors are used to plough the
land. field.
5. The crops are of great quality but the 5. There is more production, but
production is low. the crops are of lower quality.

It is the old methods of farming It is the new and scientific

methods of farming
This method of farming is This method of farming is not
environmentally friendly environmentally friendly

4. What is a ‘Resource’?
Resources are anything that has utility and adds value to our life.

5. What are reasons for Unemployment?

1. Discrimination 2. Slow industrial growth 3. Decreased economic growth

6. What is ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’?

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India’s flagship programme for
achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound
manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India for children of
age 6 -14 years.

7. Where is Palampur located?

Palampur is a hill station and a municipal corporation situated in the Kangra District
in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

8. What are the products of the dairy industry?

The dairy industry processes raw milk into an array of products including butter,
cheese, cream, yogurt, ghee, condensed milk, dried milk, ice cream, etc.
9. What is life expectancy? What are factors affecting life expectancy?
Life expectancy represents the average life span of a new-born. It is the average
number of years an individual is expected to live. It is an indicator of the overall
health of a country.
 Life expectancy can fall due to problems like epidemics, natural disasters like
famine etc. Improvements in health and welfare increase life expectancy. The
higher the life expectancy, the healthier its people are. Life expectancy has risen
sharply recently because of improvements in public health, nutrition and medicine.
10. What is growth rate?
Difference between death rate and birth rate is called growth rate.
11. Explain Subsistence farming as a non-economic activity.
Subsistence agriculture is a form of farming where all products are used by farmer
to support him and his family. So it does not contribute in national income and is a
non-economic activity.
12. If farm is setup for the sole purpose of producing crops with the sole intention of
making a profit is called "COMMERCIAL FARMING".
13. What "People as Resource" signify?
It's a way of referring to country's working people in terms of their existing
productive skills and abilities.
14. Population explosion, poverty and unemployment goes hand in hand? Explain.
 Rising population has led to the growth in the labour supply and without
corresponding increase in the employment opportunities for the increasing
labour force has aggravated the unemployment problem.
 The economic inequalities are the major cause of poverty in India.
 The magnitude of poverty is directly linked to unemployment situation.
 The faster population growth obviously means a slower growth in per capita
incomes for any given rate of growth of gross domestic product (GDP), and
therefore a slower rate of improvement in average living standards.

History Extra Questions

1. While the National Assembly was busy at Versailles drafting a constitution, the rest of
France seethed with turmoil.' Elucidate.
While the National assembly was busy at Versailles drafting a constitution, the rest of
France seethed with turmoil". This statement is depicting the two incidents that
happened while the drafting of the Constitution was happening.
The two incidents were:
• The situation of Subsistence crisis occurred in France, where the basic means of
livelihood are endangered. Increase in Population from about 23 million to 28 million
which led to the sudden increase in the demand of the food grains. As the demand for
the food grains increased which didn’t meet with the production of grains. So the
prices of the bread increased. People stood in long queues to buy bread from the
bakery; even the angry crowd stormed into the shop. Low wages and drought and hail
contributed to this situation and worsened the condition.
• The second incident was the Bastille attack. The Bastille attack was the incident which
took place in the morning of 14th July 1789 in the city of Paris, France. Rumours that
 king might open fire upon the citizens, because of which 7,000 men and women
gathered around the town hall and searched for ammunition. They stormed into the
fortress prison, the Bastille, to acquire the arms and ammunition. Prisoners were
released from the prison and also the commander of the prison was killed. They
destroyed the fortress completely as it was the symbol of the Undemocratic power of
the King.
2. 35.Do you think social disparities are still prevailing? Give any 2 examples.
Yes,Still we can see the social disparities:-
1-In industries/workplace:-There are often obvious salary differences among across
genders and race groups.
2-Speech Discrimination:-Some lower class and lower racial class is prohibit to speak.
3. 36.How was church responsible for French revolution? How did it impact the church?
The citizens of France were already burdened with the high taxes of the government as
they were forced to pay these taxes. But in the same way, the church also demanded
taxes from the people. Especially, the Peasants were forced to pay taxes to the church
called Tithes. It included direct tax called Taille and other indirect tax which were
imposed on the product of consumption like salt and tobacco. This resulted in
worsening the condition of the people and became the reason for the French
revolution.
All the church's powers were taken away after the revolution. Church authority lost
their supreme right among the common people in the society. All the property of the
Church nationalized
4. 37.Why was the 3rd estate dependent on the educated middle class?
In the past, peasants and workers had participated in revolts against increasing taxes
and food scarcity. But they lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale
measures that would bring about a change in the social and economic order. This was
left to those groups within the third estate who had become prosperous and had
access to education and new ideas.
5. 38.Why Rousseau is called architect of French revolution?
He influenced third estate to demand for one member, one vote policy in estates
general. When it was denied, it led to tennis court oath leading to French revolution.
6. 39. Who are brigands?
A brigand is a bad guy, especially one who belongs to a band of armed robbers.
7. What was the significance of the 'Tennis Court Oath' in the French Revolution?
The Oath signified for the first time that French citizens formally stood in opposition to
Louis XVI. The National Assembly's refusal to back down forced the king to make
concessions. The representatives of the third estate viewed themselves as spokesmen
for the whole French nation. They assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis court in the
grounds of Versailles on 20th June, 1789. They declared themselves as a National
Assembly. They decided not to disperse until they had drafted a Constitution for France
which would curtail the power of the monarch. Thus, it heralded the awakening of the
French people to revolt against the oppression by the privileged classes, which led to
the revolution.
8. Differentiate between the national assembly, national convention and the directory.
 National Assembly National convention Directory
Only men above 25 years Only men above 21 yrs. of Vote was denied to non-
of age who paid taxes age regardless of wealth, propertied men and all
equal to at least 3 days of got the right to vote. women.
a labourer’s wage got the
right to vote.
The powers of monarch The monarch was The monarch was no
were limited. sentenced to treason. longer in existence.
It was a constitutional It was a republic where It was a govt. made of 2
monarchy where a Jacobin club was elected. legislative councils which
national assembly of745 elected a 5-member
members was indirectly directory.
elected.
Political clubs were Political clubs were not Political clubs were
allowed to operate and allowed to operate and allowed to operate and
there was a political there was no political there was a political
freedom. freedom as people against freedom.
Robespierre were
guillotined.
Existed from 1791-92. 1792-94 1795-1804.
9.
10. Why colonialists wanted to transform all grazing lands into cultivated lands?
Colonialists wanted to transform all grazing lands into cultivated lands because —
(a) Cultivated land will generate revenue as well as crops and agricultural products.
(b) Also they believe that grazing destroys saplings in the forest areas.
11. How pastoralists cope up with the changes occurred after implementation of acts by
colonial govemment?
a) Some reduced number Of cattles, since there was not enough pastures.
b) Some discovered new pastured.
c) Due to India-Pakistan boundary they could not move into Sindh for grazing. e.g., Raikas.
d) Rich pastoralists purchased land, indulged in trading and give up their nomadic life.
e) Poor pastoralists borrowed money from money lenders to survive.
11.
12.

12.

13. Volkswagen-People's car in Germany

14. Hjalmar Schacht-economist
15.

16.

17. 'Inferiors' - people who threatened biological purity of 'Superior Aryan' race. e.g.-
Gypsies and black.
18. Subhuman - considered undereating of any humanity.
19. Gypsy — The groups that were classified as 'gypsy' had their own community identity.
Sinti and Roma
20. were two such communities. Many of them traced their origin to India.
21. Pauperised — Reduce to absolute poverty.
22. Persecute — Systematic, organised punishment of those belonging to a group or
religion.
23. Usurers — Moneylenders charging excessive interest; often used as a term of abuse.
24. What was the condition of Jews in September 1941?
From September 1941, all Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David on their breasts. This
identity mark was stamped on their pass all legal documents and houses. They were
kept in Jewish houses in Germany, and in ghettos like Lodz and Warsaw in the east. The
became sites of extreme misery and poverty Jews had to surrender all their wealth
before they entered a ghetto. Soon the ghett were brimming with hunger, starvation
and disease due to deprivation and poor hygiene.
Jews from Jewish houses, concentration camps and ghettos from different parts of
Europe were brought to death factories by goods trains. In Poland and elsewhere in the
east, most notably Belzek, Auschwitz, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno and Majdanek, they
 were charred in gas chambers. Mass killings took place within minutes with scientific
precision.
25. Punishment given to women were like:
 Parade with shaved heads
 Blackened faces
 Placard (l have sullied the honour of nation were
 hanged around their neck)
 Jail sentence with family for criminal offence

26. What was Hitler’s concept of total elimination?

Hitlers' hatred of race i.e., to consider Jews and Gypsies as 'inferiors' and they have to
be totally eliminated in order to maintain Aryan race.
27. What was blunder committed by Hitler in 1941?
He attacked Soviet Union and exposed eastern front to them and western front to
British aerial bombing which was the historical blunders. In this Germany got defeated
at Stalingrad by Soviet Red Army.
28. What was the immediate cause of World War II?
Hitler in order to get access to resources and to expand territories he invaded Poland in
1939 and this started a war with France and England. This was the immediate cause of
World War II.
29. Mention reasons for the rise of Hitler? or Discuss why Nazism became popular in
Germany?
 (i) After world war l, imperial Germany faced defeat and it created a political void as the
emperor was abdicated.
 (ii) Treaty of Versailles (peace treaty) was unfair to Germany which created an
economic void and loss of resources and population.
 (iii) German currency depreciated and people faced hyperinflation and Germany had to
pay his loan in gold. When he refused to pay in 1933 France occupied its Ruler region
which was rich of coal and iron.
 (iv) Also Hitler, who worked in army during WW I was horrified with this defeat and had
hatred in his heart for Jews who dominated Germany but were not natives of Germany.
 (v) As a result Hitler joined the party as 'Germans Workers Party' which he renamed as
'National Socialist German Workers' Party and with the spread of his ideology based on
race he renamed Nazi Party'.
30. How democracy was destructed in Germany?
(i) President Hindenburg offered Chancellorship to Hitler on 30 January 1933.
(ii) After rise to power he took few steps which destructed the democratic fabric of
Germany and they were
 Suspended Civic rights given by Weimar with The Fire Decree of 28 February
1933.
 'Enabling Act' was passed which established dictatorship in Germany and
practiced extra
 constitutional power.
  Established concentration camps for Jews.
 People who were 'undesirables' were detained in Gestapo chambers.
31. ‘Weimar Republic was not perceived well by the people’. Comment.
Between 1919 and 1923, the Weimar Republic was unpopular due to its
democratic approach to an imperial administration. It became unpopular
due to the following reasons:

The Germans despised them because they were believed to have been
stabbed in the back after signing the Treaty of Versailles by Fredrick Ebert's
government and it was one of the grounds for the Weimar Republic's
disfavour.

It was compelled to accept Germany's defeat in World War I, as well as the

devastating terms of the Versailles Treaty. France, Poland, Denmark, and
Lithuania took up Germany's overseas possessions and a major amount of
its territory, as well as its iron and mineral resources. Germany was
demilitarised and compelled to pay 6 billion pounds in war damages. The
resource-rich Rhineland region of Germany was also occupied by the Allies.

The Treaty of Versailles declared that Germany would not be allowed to

have an air force, that the army would be reduced to 100,000 men, and that
Germany would be compelled to pay 6.6 billion dollar in reparations.
Germany was also forced to give up 10% of its territory, all of its overseas
possessions, and 16% of its coal and 48% of its iron industry. Germany had
to accept its loss by signing the Treaty.