Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Beach pollution has become a wide spread problem for the human as well as marine life. Beach
pollution is a persistant problem. Beach pollution is a growing problem in our society. Does it have an
effect on our environment?
If it does, how does it affect us? Are there solutions to prevent beach pollution? We will examine the
issue of beach pollution, the effect it has on our environment and possible solutions to preventing it’s
getting worse. An enormous amount of the human population and infrastructure is found along one of
our most precious resources, better known as the coastline or State beaches. Studies have shown that
beach pollution is usually infrequent and confined to local areas. Pollution can also occur from
disruption or damage to wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure due to severe natural events
such as hurricances or floods, illegal dumping, accidental oil spills, and solid waste trash left behind
by people. Plastic, rubber, foam materials, and metals take hundreds of years to break down. Animals
are sometimes killed by the ingestion of plastic, rubber, or foam that they have mistaken for food. Some
animals drown from entanglement, others are choked by plastic rings. With every wave that crashes on
our beaches, more and more plastic is deposited. This wave of plastic is not going to stop and the
problem will not go away if you ignore it. Even our fish are consuming the plastic fragments, so you
are consuming the plastic too. Thats why it’s the need of the hour efficiently stop the increasingly
negative impact of trash debris on coastal ecosystems, forms of mechanized &autonomous trash
collection. We design this device with solar panels to make it environment friendly. The device filter
& collects the debris into the trash collection box. Derbies of waste is defined as the used water from
houses, factories, commercial places like malls, restaurants and organizations which has to be treated
by a technically planned and a system of pipes. The major consequence of cleaning the wastes chemical
forms the basis of respiratory diseases and it becomes a problem for the workers. Water damage is
divided in to 3 types of polluted water. They are water which is clean, water which is grey and water
which is black. Water which is clean is from a water supply line which is broken or faucet which is
leaking. If this is not cleaned immediately, the clean water can change into water of black or grey,
depending on time length, temperature, and contact with contaminants in the surrounding. A drainage
ditch is a channel which is narrow that is dug on the side of a field or road to carry away the water.
Mechanization is becoming a major role in all the applications in the sewage disposal from industries
and cleaning of Sewage is a tough job. Waste water pipes are used for the sewage disposal and
sometimes there may be human life loss while checking the problems in the waste water pipes. The
workers of municipality are only responsible to ensure that the waste matter is uncontaminated or not.
Though they clean the drain of the buildings, they can’t do the work in the large sewages. The workers
of municipality have to get down into the dirt to clean the debris. This will infect the health and causes
skin allergies. Waves bring in a lot of waste from deep sea. These plastic waste slashes into the beaches
and gets mixed with the sand. This wet waste easily gets soiled with sand and will be difficult for
human eyes to notice.The machine is capable of clearing such waste with utmost ease. Tides too play
a major role in putting the waste from deep sea into the beaches. Many animals like tortoise gets stuck
in this waste when they come to lay eggs in the beach. This causes a lot of deaths,thus tipping the
balance of the environment.One of the other problem faced by the shore areas is the advent and constant
cyclones that affects the areas. These cyclones once settles,damages a lot of property thus creating a
lot of waste. It takes a lot of time to remove such waste and to clear the sand of it. If the waste left to
rot in the beaches it gets into smaller pieces ultimately ending up getting eaten by aquatic
animals[3].The main aim of the study to design and fabricate the beach cleaning machine with simple
economical design so that it will be easy for maintenance and use The machine is environment friendly
and can run in any conditions offered by the beach. The machine does not have a huge learning
curve.As all the parts for

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
1.Amit Kumar Yadav et.al.

In the form of the invention which we have evolved, the machine comprises a more or less standard
form of track laying tractor or vehicle upon which is mounted a conveyor belt having a plurality of sets
of rakes extending around the belt, one part of this belt being swingable to engage the beach surface
,withvarying degrees of pressure, so that the rakes, as they progress around the conveyor belt, will
effectively pick up bottles, paper of various sizes and other matter which is likely to be dropped upon
the beach by pleasure seekers. The rakes carried by the conveyor belt must be of a width sufllcientl to
clear a fairly wide swathe along the beach we have found that a width of approximately eight feet is
satisfactory in this respect. The operator of the cleaning machine must necessarily be forwardly located
thereon, ahead of the conveyor apparatus, so we have devised the conveyor superstructure in such a
manner "as to permit the operator to steer and control the vehicle while being located at the extreme
forward end thereof; The machine is adapted to tow a box (trash collector) which receives the litter
discharged by the conveyor belt, and a suitable stripping device 'is provided at the rear end of the
machine, over the wagon, by which material impaled upon the tines of the rakes is stripped from the
conveyor belt and discharged into the trash box. When designing the collection mechanism, our
biggest concerns were manufacturability, and durability. Furthermore, our design had to allow the
beach cleaner to pick up a wide range of trash: items as small as a bottle cap or as large as a two liter
bottle.Ourfirst concept was to produce a cylindrical device that would allow individual rake tines to be
directly attached. Breakingthe collection mechanism into two, relatively easy to make parts simplified
manufacturing. However, this method made complicated assembly.
2. M.Bhavani et.al.

This machine helps in cleaning the beach with the state of the art technology which would be earlier
cleaned by manual workers and they are being affected by the hazardous garbage,and thereby saves
the ocean life from pollution.Since the cost of this system is less due to local procurement the machine
can be widely used for all the beaches.As the system works on a basic chain and sprocket system
maintenance will be very low and it does not require fossil fuel so it can be used in a remote location.
This machine works with wide range of operation like removing seaweed, dead fish, shells, wood, and
virtually any unwanted debris. It can work on both wet and dry sand. As the plates are screwed to the
chain, we can remove the plate and fix the screen so that very fine debris can be removed. when this
system is powered by the solar power it has the advantage of harnessing the natural resources thereby
the machine becomes environmentally friendly.Beaches are one of the main tourist attractions in the
coastal parts of India. They are also the most polluted. Most government neglected cleaning of
beaches.The main reason being the difficult nature of cleaning it. It takes up lot of resources and time.
The workers need to manually pick the waste. The waste when thrown in the sand gets covered with
the sand by the heavy coastal winds.
3. Harris Pearson et.al.
Hence Smart Beach Cleaner Robotic Vehicle is implemented successfully. It will help us to keep the
beaches clean and save the ocean life from garbage pollution. This system does not need more human
labor. Also, this can reduce the direct contact of the human labor with the waste so there is no hazard
for human labor. We concluded that the cleaning process of beaches needs to be upgraded with the
latest engineering subsystem and most important to make beaches safe, comfortable and visually
pleasing for beach visitors using the technology. We would like to express special thanks of gratitude
to our guide Dr. Baban U Rindhe as well as our Project Coordinator Ms. Sushma Kore, who gave us

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic “Smart beach cleaner robotic vehicle”,
which also helped us to learn new things and latest technologies. We would also like to thank our
H.o.D. of EXTC – Dr. Baban U. Rindhe and Principal Dr. Vilas Nitnaware for providing us the
opportunity to implement our project. We are really thankful to both of them. Finally, we would also
like to thank our department staff members and our parents & friends who helped us a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time frame. Beach cleaners make keeping large beaches clean a
manageable endeavor. Large, state-run beaches need to be clean and safe for beach-goers. High-volume
beach traffic often results in excessive man-made litter, which presents safety and liability threats.
Beach cleaners remove glass, cans, cigarette butts, syringes, and other potential hazards. They also
make the beaches visually pleasing and increase tourism.
4. Amey Jadhav et.al.
Design and analysis of sustainable beach cleaner [2022] H. Ebrahim, W. Sheikh, A. Saeed. This paper
analyzes various beach cleaner projects with the motive of eradicating the limitations they consist of.
It also presents a detailed study of the functionality of these beach cleaners along with the motion and
stress graphs of the same. The designed machine is a combination of different features adapted from
their research. The mechanism of the machine is a simple chain sprocket arrangement wherein the
sprocket turns the chain and the rakes attached to the chain lift the trash.[1] This project had limitations
such as inconsistency in picking up small debris and will pick up any obstacle in its way. Our prototype
is able to collect finer debris due to the presence of mesh. Also, with the help of live surveillance the
person handling the system can avoid picking up obstacles other than the debris Manufacturing of
Beach cleaning Machine at UMS prototype design and analysis [2021] N. Bolong, I. Saad, M. Amran
Madlan. In this paper, the team has assembled a beach cleaner by integrating both raking and sifting
mechanisms. It consists of a sprocket chain arrangement with components like a collector, conveyor,
motor, and gears which requires manual handling of the machine. The main objective was to fabricate
a simple and budget-friendly beach cleaning machine feasible for one person to handle. The paper also
includes a detailed examination of the operation of the prototype, on-site testing, and user survey..
5. H. Ebrahim et.al.
Design and Fabrication of Beach Sand Cleaning Machine [February 2020] V. Mepani, H. Patel,
Vataliya Mohil, Prof. R. Sahu. This paper describes the fabrication of an inexpensive manually
operated sand cleaning machine along with the analysis and comparison of various methods employed
for cleaning beaches. When the machine is pushed forward the motion of the machine leads to the
movement of the conveyor. The rotation of the shaft indirectly rotates the conveyor belt and further the
spokes mounted on the belt locks in the debris which is then transferred up the conveyor belt and is
deposited in a container. [4] While the raking mechanism in this machine can efficiently remove debris,
it cannot be used for smaller areas and beaches with sensitive habitats. The system that we have adopted
consists of a sifter that collects the debris and sand on a mesh allowing the sand to fall through the
mesh back to the beach bed and is able to collect finer debris as well Design and fabrication of beach
cleaning machine [2019] V. Dhole, O. Doke, A. Kakade, S. Teradale, Prof. R. Patil. This paper presents
design and construction of a mechanical beach cleaner and it discusses the various techniques and
technologies applied for cleaning beach debris. The proposed system consists of a motor chain drive
system wherein the motor drives the chain which is connected to the lifters that collect the debris and
deposits it in a container. The sand is sieved through the lifter teeth back to the sand bed and is levelled
with the help of a bend plate. The main objective of this system is to provide a semi-automatic and a
better alternative for beach cleaning as compared to the time consuming and labour-intensive process
of picking debris and sifting the beach manually. [5] Beaches with fine grained sand and low gradient
have high moisture content. The machine will collect and aerate the sand and dry it out causing the
erosion of finer sand. The mesh in our proposed system will sieve the finer sand keeping the sand bed
intact. 6. Prevalence of marine litter along the Indian beaches: A preliminary account on its status and

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

composition [2017] P. Kaladharan et al. This paper sheds light on the condition and composition of
beach litter along certain coasts of India. It presents a detailed study which discusses the results of a
survey that assessed the quantity and quality the of beach litter from 254 selected beaches along the
coast of India as well as the Union Territories of Andaman and Lakshadweep Islands. The paper
suggests colour coding the beaches to identify critically polluted beaches and assist the planners and
policymakers to adopt stringent measures. It also suggests that the origin of all plastic waste being land,
control measures need to start from land by tackling the issue at production as well as disposal level.
This paper showcases the need for beach cleaning for preservation of our natural treasures.
6. V. Mepani et.al.
This paper proposes the design of a semi-automatic beach cleaning robot that facilitates the cleaning
of beach debris to prevent further degradation in the quality and health of the marine ecosystem. It is a
semi-automated wireless system that prevents direct contact between the volunteer and the debris, thus
reducing human labor. In this robot, we have incorporated the sifting technology which sieves the sand
segregating the debris, along with a wireless communication module with a surveillance and
monitoring system ensuring efficiency, flexibility, and reliability of the system. The beach cleaning
robot performs operations such as cleaning, path changing, obstacle detection, and remote controlling
along with surveillance. It is economic, easy to operate, and is a small step towards beach restoration.
For future scope, this prototype can be enhanced by incorporating solar panels thereby making it eco-
friendly. It can also be enhanced by integrating a 3D printer which will melt the plastic debris and
convert it into plastic bins thus providing a complete solution to the debris issue on the beaches. This
BCR can also be made fully automatic by including artificial intelligence to recognize the debris apart
from other obstacles in its path.
7. C. Balasuthagar et.al.
Design and analysis of sustainable beach cleaner [2022] H. Ebrahim, W. Sheikh, A. Saeed. This paper
analyzes various beach cleaner projects with the motive of eradicating the limitations they consist of.
It also presents a detailed study of the functionality of these beach cleaners along with the motion and
stress graphs of the same. The designed machine is a combination of different features adapted from
their research. The mechanism of the machine is a simple chain sprocket arrangement wherein the
sprocket turns the chain and the rakes attached to the chain lift the trash.[1] This project had limitations
such as inconsistency in picking up small debris and will pick up any obstacle in its way. Our prototype
is able to collect finer debris due to the presence of mesh. Also, with the help of live surveillance the
person handling the system can avoid picking up obstacles other than the debris Manufacturing of
Beach cleaning Machine at UMS prototype design and analysis [2021] N. Bolong, I. Saad, M. Amran
Madlan.
8. Prakobkarn et.al.
This system help to clean beaches so it keep the sand clean and save the ocean life from garbage
pollution This system does not need more human labor for the waste water cleaning and this can reduce
the direct contact of the human labor with the waste water so there is no hazard for the human labor.
Also this method is automatic so the working time is less as compared to the conventional method..
Because of this project as there is no direct contact of the worker with garbage so the health of worker
will be good and he will be able to work for a longer duration. This system is fabricated with emphasis
on the use of local materials and local production Beach litter collection is a concern for Bang Sane
beach, one of the popular tourist attractions of Thailand. In order to solve this problem, a beach cleaning
trailer was designed and fabricated with emphasis on the use of local materials and local production.
The design trailer prototype 3.7x1.6meters was carried out using a three dimensional solid modeling
computer program. This paper explores the economics of the beach-cleaning trailer in terms of payback

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

period, charging rate to customer, working areas. The research provided some positive results on
economics aspects.

9. B. Saitthiti et.al.
The design of a beach cleaning trailer is presented. The basic design principle of a foreign beach
cleaning machine was taken into consideration. Apart from the tire and hydraulic hoses, all components
of the beach cleaning trailer were made from steel. This study focuses on stress analysis in the ball
bearing housing by the finite element method. Actual tests have been carried out in fields. This study
aims to report the performance of the beach cleaning trailer. Stresses in the ball bearing housing are
calculated by FEM. A stress analysis made using the forces acting on the ball bearing housing showed
the maximum Von Mises stress of the ball bearing housing to be 63.0 MPa. The safety factor was 3.94.
It showed that it was very durable to use. For the future work, economic analysis should be performed
to develop and design a fully mechanized beach cleaning machine. The designed and developed beach
cleaning trailer was quite appropriated to be used due to utilizing of local materials, with reel of blade
enhancement
10. Singiriresu S et.al.
Due to the difficulties faced in keeping the beach clean manually, we have come up with equipment
which not only collects the waste (sticks, no degradable waste) but also separates, which is easy for
waste disposal. The machine mainly consists of an engine which runs through effort of the board user
as well as to introduce the classroom with an automation system. The Drainage system cleaner is a
machine which helps to protect the environment from different kinds of environmental hazards through
the promotion waste management by the removal of garbage from the drainage system. These wastes
when not removed end up settling in residential places where these wastes are burnt thereby causing
climate change otherwise these wastes block the drainage systems thereby causing flooding. The
machine is designed in such a way that it generates motion for its functions by itself through the action
of running water thereby cutting out the dangers of the powering the machine by other sources of power
because of the harshness of the rain on these other sources.

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVE
 To clean the beaches at a depth as fast and efficient.
 To remove the unwanted materials and make them comfortable and pleasing for beach
goers.
 To identify the sources of the litter, to change behaviors that causes pollution
 To raise awareness on the extent of the marine debris problem.

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

ROTATION OF WHEELS BY REMOTE

THE ROTATION OF THE SHAFT INDIRECTLY

SPOKES COLLECT THE WASTE

WASTE GETS LOCKED BETWEEN TH E

WASTE IS TRANSPORTED UP THE

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

CHAPTER 5
MATERIALS

DC Motor
The motor which we have used is a windscreen wiper motor which is also known as Ferrite magnet
type motors as permanent magnets are used in them. The armature coils in the wiper motor generate a
counter-electromotive force when it is operated which controls the speed of rotation of the motor. The
motor of the wiper operates when high or low current flowing through the Windscreen wiper-motor
passes through Hi/Lo position of the wiper switch along with the voltage of the battery. This motor is
low speed high torque motor which aids the claws in holding the rags firmly

fig5.1
Chain
The chain used here is specialized K2 chain. These chains are provided with attachments to which
the claw plates can be bolted.

fig5.2
Sprocket
A sprocket/sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with a chain, track or further
perforated material. The sprockets used here are plain bored sprockets. Plain bores, often referred to
as minimum plain bores or MPB, are simply untapered bores drilled through the center of a pulley,
gear, sprocket, or sheave. Sometimes component part numbers use MPB to designate the plain bore
style.

Fig5.3

Bearing
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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired
motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the
desired motion by minimizing friction. We have used ball bearings in our project. The
diameter of the ball bearing which we have used in our project is 16 mm.

Fig5.4

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Solar Powered Automatic Beach Cleaning Machine

CHAPTER 5
Advantages, Limitations and Applications
Advantages
It is reliable and portable.
It cleans continuously.
It is time saving.
Development materials are regularly locally applicable

Limitations
Rust.
It is able to clean solid waste only.
Cannot withstand higher loads.

Applications
It can be used as part of plastic business.
It can be used as part of Municipality Corporation.
It can be installed for domestic sewage treatment.
It is portable and compact in size which initiates easy handling.
Manual assistance is not required

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