The document discusses technologies used in developing the online home services system, including PHP for server-side scripting, HTML and CSS for frontend design, MySQL for the database, and provides descriptions of each along with reasons for using them. Pseudocode is also discussed to identify end user requirements for the system to be easy to use and efficient.
The document discusses technologies used in developing the online home services system, including PHP for server-side scripting, HTML and CSS for frontend design, MySQL for the database, and provides descriptions of each along with reasons for using them. Pseudocode is also discussed to identify end user requirements for the system to be easy to use and efficient.
The document discusses technologies used in developing the online home services system, including PHP for server-side scripting, HTML and CSS for frontend design, MySQL for the database, and provides descriptions of each along with reasons for using them. Pseudocode is also discussed to identify end user requirements for the system to be easy to use and efficient.
The document discusses technologies used in developing the online home services system, including PHP for server-side scripting, HTML and CSS for frontend design, MySQL for the database, and provides descriptions of each along with reasons for using them. Pseudocode is also discussed to identify end user requirements for the system to be easy to use and efficient.
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REVIEW 2
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
CHENNAI – 600034.
ONLINE HOME SERVICES
DEPT NO : 19-UCS-118
NAME :A.S.SANJU
GUIDE NAME : Mrs.A.AmaliAsha
DATE : 28/04/2022 CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
5.1 Language / Tool
5.1.1 PHP
PHP is now officially known as “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”. It is a server-side scripting
language usually written in an HTML context. Unlike an ordinary HTML page, a PHP script is not sent directly to a client by the server; instead, it is parsed by the PHP binary or module, which is server-side installed. HTML elements in the script are left alone, but PHP code is interpreted and executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create images, read and write files, talk to remote servers – the possibilities is endless. The output from PHP code is combined with the HTML in the script and the result sent to the user’s web-browser, therefore it can never tell the user whether the web-server uses PHP or not, because the entire browser sees is HTML.
Reasons for using PHP
There are some indisputable great reasons to work with PHP. As an open source product, PHP is well supported by a talented production team and a committed user community. Furthermore, PHP can be run on all the major operating systems with most servers.
a) Learning PHP is easy
Basic is easy any interpreted language should be easy to learn. Since you are isolated from the system (no pointers to use, no memory to allocate). The other advantage that all modern interpreted languages share is good associative array constructs.
b) Its Performance
While we can build an application that serves millions of pages a day on a server, when we really look at the performance of the language it sucks. We are still orders of magnitude from
15 real performance. Not only that, but since PHP is designed around a single process model our ability to share data structures or connection pool resources is left to native code libraries.
c) The low cost
There are many languages which are available at very less cost. There are some languages which are available at very less cost like below:
PHP C C++…etc
Technically the point is that it’s an open source project and they release patches often.
d) It has interfaces to a large variety of database systems
PHP supports a large variety of the database.
Basic PHP Syntax
A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>. A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document.On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a scripting block with <? And end with ?>. However, for maximum compatibility, we recommend that you use the standard form (<?php) rather than the shorthand form. A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code.
5.2.2 HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web pages.
HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was designed to allow scientists to display and share their research. 16 HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets(like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites.
HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as Java Script which affect the behaviour of HTML web pages.
HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is definedin
various browsers.
a) HTML FORMS
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
17 An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.
b) Image tag (<img>):
To add an image to an HTML document, we just need to include an <IMG> tag with a reference to the desired image. The <IMG> tag is an empty element i.e. it doesn’trequire a closing tag and we can use it to include from small icons to large images.
Syntax: <imgsrc=”URL” alt=”alternative text”>
5.2.4 CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
18 improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics.
5.2.5 About Front End:
The front end is an interface between the user and the back end. The front and back ends may be distributed amongst one or more systems.
In network computing, front end can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network traffic. It is called application front-end hardware because it is placed on the network's outward- facing front end or boundary. Network traffic passes through the
front-end hardware before entering the network.
In compilers, the front end translates a computer programming source code into an intermediate representation, and the back end works with the intermediate representation to produce code in a computer output language. The back end usually optimizes to produce code that runs faster. The front-end/back-end distinction can separate the parser section that deals with source code and the back end that generates code and optimizes.
5.2.6 MySql:
The database has become an integral part of almost every human's life. Without it, many things we do would become very tedious, perhaps impossible tasks. Banks, universities, and libraries are three examples of organizations that depend heavily on some sort of database system. On the Internet, search engines, online shopping, and even the website naming convention would be impossible without the use of a database.
A database that is implemented and interfaced on a computer is often termed a database server. One of the fastest SQL (Structured Query Language) database servers currently on the market is the MySQL server, developed by T.c.X. DataKonsultAB.
19 MySQL, available for download at www.mysql.com, offers the database programmer with an array of options and capabilities rarely seen in other database servers. MySQL is free of charge for those wishing to use it for private and commercial use. Those wishing to develop applications specifically using MySQL should consult MySQL's licensing section, as there is charge for licensing the server.
Reasons to Use MySQL
a) Scalability and Flexibility
The MySQL database server provides the ultimate in scalability, sporting the capacity to handle deeply embedded applications with a footprint of only 1MB to running massive data warehouses holding terabytes of information. Platform flexibility is a stalwart feature of MySQL with all flavors of Linux, UNIX, and Windows being supported.
b) High Performance
A unique storage-engine architecture allows database professionals to configure the MySQL
database server specifically for particular applications, with the end resultbeing amazing performance results.
c) High Availability
Rock-solid reliability and constant availability are hallmarks of MySQL, with customers relying on MySQL to guarantee around-the-clock uptime. MySQL offers a variety of high-availability options from high-speed master/slave replication configurations, to specialized Cluster servers offering instant failover, to third party vendors offering unique high-availability solutions for the MySQL database server.
d) Robust Transactional Support
MySQL offers one of the most powerful transactional database engines on the market. Features include complete ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) transaction support, unlimited
20 row-level locking, distributed transaction capability, and multi- version transaction support where readers never block writers and vice-versa.
5.2 Pseudo code
Since end users are the ones who are finally going to use the system, theirrequirements need to be identified. This involves questioning the end users what theirexpectations were.
The main requirement of the end user is that the system should be easy to use and take less time. In addition to these another important factor was to eliminate the need for database conversion and migration that had to be carried out presently. After conducting interviews with the users a document called the software requirement specification was created. This is the most important document that forms the basis for system development. It should be consistent, complete, unambiguous, traceable and inter-related.
This document has the following components.
a) Functional Requirements:The functional requirements specify relationship betweenthe
inputs and outputs. All the operations to be performed on the input data to obtain output are to be specified. This includes specifying the validity checks on the input and output data, parameters affected by the operations and the other operations, which must be used to transform the inputs into outputs. Functional requirements specify the behavior of the system for valid input and outputs.
b) Performance Requirements:This section includes performance of the product thatare set
by user interaction and studying the existing system of the organization. These are stated in complete measurable terms, so that they can be verified during system evaluation phase. Some of the performance requirements are stated below.
c) User Friendly: The system produced is user friendly, understandable and easy to use so that the users of the system can easily learn to use the system. For this the system is made menu- driven with well-documented programs. 21 d) Time Element (response and processing time): The response time of the system is very less and takes less time to execute queries and triggers.
e) Maximum Throughput: the system gives maximum throughput with relevant output
f) Robustness: the system will be able to handle undesirable situations and errors encountered at various levels e.g. if the user supplies invalid input for processing, the system gracefully halts, displaying a message to the user indicating the cause of the error and prompting him it enter the correct input.
g) Flexibility: the system is flexible in nature so that likely changes and alterations can easily be made.
h) Information Security: records in the system must be safe, confidential and must be prevented from unauthorized access.
i) Moral and User Satisfaction: system will be able to satisfy the user requirements; this is the main and conspicuous measure of the system performance. Also the system must raise the moral of the user. The higher the moral, greater the expected work performance level.
22 CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM TESTING AND VALIDATIONS
Testing is the process of executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Or, it involves any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or system and determining that it meets its required results. Software is not unlike other physical processes where inputs are received, and outputs are produced. Where software differs is in the way it fails. Most physical systems fail in a fixed (and reasonably small) set of ways. By contrast, software can fail in many bizarre ways. Detecting all the different failure modes for software is generally infeasible.
6.1 Unit Testing
Unit testing is a software development process in which the smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation. Unit testing involves only those characteristics that are vital to the performance of the unit under test. The units in a system are the modules and routines that are assembled and integrated to perform a specific function. In a large system, many modules at various levels are needed. Unit testing focuses on the modules, independently of one another, to locate errors.
Test Results:
All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
6.2 Integration Testing
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components todetermine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that arise from the combination of components.
23 Test Results:
All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
6.3 Acceptance Testing
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements. System testing must also verify that file sizes are adequate, and their indexes have been built properly. Sorting and rendering procedures assumed to be present in lower level modules must be tested at the systems level to see that they in fact exist and achieve the results modules expect.
Test Results:
All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
6.4 Validations Validation refers to the process of data validation, ensuring that data insertedinto an application satisfies pre-determined formats or complies with stated length and character requirement and other defined input criteria. It may also ensure that only data that is either true or real can be entered into a database. There are two types of validation that can check the authenticity and reliability of the user input.
Client-side Validation-Validation will be done in the client machine.
Ex: If the fields are left blank, an error message is displayed
Server-side Validation- Validation will be done in the server machine.
Ex: If the desired username exists, the end user is provided with an error message.
24 ID Scenario Test Cases Expected result Actual Result Pass/Fail
1. Login Enter null usernameor It should do the It will show message Pass password login and show that username and error password is incorrect
Enter wrong data of It should do It will show message Pass
username or password thelogin show that username or error password is incorrect
Enter correct data of It should let do It will show the message Pass username and login ‘successful login’ password
