The Gazette of Pakistan EXTRAORDINARY PU

M - 302
REGISTERED No.
L.-7646
The Gazette of Pakistan

EXTRAORDINARY
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
ISLAMABAD, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2009
PART II
Statutory Notifications (S.R.O)
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
OIL AND GAS REGULATORY AUTHORITY
NOTIFICATION
Islamabad, the 24th September, 2009
S.R.O. 819(I)/2009.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 42 of Oil and Gas
Regulatory Authority Ordinance, 2002 (Ordinance XVII of 2002) the Oil and Gas
Regulatory Authority is pleased to make the following regulations namely:-
1. Short title and Commencement:- (1) These Regulations may be called the
Technical Standards for Oil Refineries.
(2) They shall, come into force at once.
2. Applicability:- These regulations shall be applicable to all industrial plants

where crude oil is processed and includes all other ancillary facilities as required for
the purpose.
3. Definition:- (1) In these regulations, unless there is anything repugnant in the

subject or context:-
(i) ACI: American Concrete Institute

(ii) AECL: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
(iii) AGA: American Gas Association
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(iv) AGMA: American Gear Manufacturers Association
(v) ANSI: American National Standards Institute
(vi) API: American Petroleum Institute
(vii) ASCE: American Society of Civil Engineers
(viii) ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers
(ix) ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(x) ASSE: American Society of Safety Engineers
(xi) ASTM: ASTM International
(xii) AWS: American Welding Society
(xiii) BS: British Standards Institution
(xiv) ULC: Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
(xv) CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
(xvi) CGA: Compressed Gas Association
(xvii) DIN: Deutsches Institute Fur Normung E.V. (German National
Standard)
(xviii) ESA: European Space Agency
(xix) FCI: Fluid Controls Institute
(xx) GPA: Gas Processors Association
(xxi) IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
(xxii) IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(xxiii) ISO: International Organization for Standardization
(xxiv) MSS: Manufacturers Standardization Society
(xxv) NACE: National Association of Corrosion Engineers
(xxvi) NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(xxvii) NFPA: National Fire Protection Association
(xxviii) PIP: Process Industry Practices
(xxix) SME: Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(xxx) TMS: The Masonry Society
(xxxi) UL: Underwriters Laboratories
(xxxii) ULC: Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
4. Foreword
“Technical Standards for Oil Refineries” have been developed, in order to facilitate the
mid stream oil sector in Pakistan. In preparation of this document a wide base of
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current industry experience, knowledge, information, and management practices
regarding application of technical standards has been gathered and consolidated
these into a cohesive document addressing technical and safety concerns of oil
industry. The technical standards lay a guideline for application to oil refineries in
design, material, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, maintenance and safety
of facilities.
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority in accordance with the sub sections (d), (e) and
(f) of Section 6(2) and Section 42(2)(b) of the OGRA Ordinance, 2002 is required to:
administer, enforce and certify standards and other conditions for undertaking
any regulated activity so specified;
in consultation with licensees specify and review standards for the equipment
and materials to be used in undertaking any regulated activity;
promote and ensure the observance of efficient practices, where applicable, in
the transmission, distribution, processing, refining, marketing, storage of
petroleum and transportation of petroleum by pipelines; and
establish technical standards and their monitoring for the design, construction,
testing, operation, maintenance and abandonment of a regulated activity;
Keeping in view the above, these “Technical Standards for Oil Refineries” have been
made to adhere to the safety which is of paramount importance in the oil refinery. This
document consists of fifteen sections which interalia cover the fire protection facilities,
pressure relieving devices, above ground atmospheric and low pressure petroleum
storage tanks, underground storage tanks, LPG storage facilities, compressors,
pumps, Heaters, heater exchangers, vessels, pipelines and piping, mechanical,
electrical, instrumentation and civil.
This document includes a wide range of internationally accepted standards; however,

other compatible standards may be used where necessary with a prior approval of
OGRA. Similarly, relaxation in application of these standards can only be allowed by
the Authority on submission of specific requests by the refineries giving ample
justification justifying the relaxation sought. The Authority shall consider allowing these
relaxations in line with best industry practices and, if required, taking all stakeholders
on board.
The applicability of these standards to facilities, equipments and construction or

installations already in place or in the process of construction/installation before the
enforcement of this document is to be evaluated by the Authority on case to case
basis, considering the circumstances and site conditions ensuring adherence to these
standards or documented compatibility with standards already prevalent in the
industry. In addition, the licensees may refer matter to OGRA for interpretation of these
standards as and where necessary. Whereas, the intended application of these
standards is given below in the sub-head “scope”, it remains the responsibility of the
users of these standards to judge the suitability for particular purpose.
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5. Scope
“Technical Standards for Oil Refineries” cover the design, material, construction,
assembly, inspection, testing, maintenance and safety of facilities. The refiners are
required to fully consider the requirements of the particular applications and
circumstances that may exist and appropriately apply the recommended technical
standards stipulated in this document. These technical standards address the safety
concerns associated with it and it shall remain the continuing responsibility of the
refinery to establish appropriate safety and health practices and comply with the
necessary limitations and compulsions interconnected with its use.
6. Removal of Difficulty:-
The industry may refer any problem faced by them in implementing these technical
standards to Authority for its consideration. The Authority’s decision on the referred
issues would be final.
Chapter-1
7. Fire Protection Facilities
(1) Standard: API RP 500

Title: Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for
Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I,
Division I and Division 2
Description: This recommended practice provides guidelines for determining
the degree and extent of Class I, Division 1 and Class I, Division 2
locations at petroleum facilities, for the selection and installation
of electrical equipment. Basic definitions provided in the "National
Electric Code" have been followed in developing this document
which applies to the classification of locations for both temporarily
and permanently installed electrical equipment. RP 500 is
intended to be applied where there may be a risk of ignition due to
the presence of flammable gas or vapor, mixed with air under
normal atmospheric conditions

Title: Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for
Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I,
Zone 0, and Zone 2
Description: This recommended practice provides guidelines for determining
the degree and extent of Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2
locations at petroleum facilities, for the selection and installation
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of electrical equipment. Basic definitions provided in the "National
Electrical Code" have been followed in developing this document
which applies to the classification of locations for both temporarily
and permanently installed electrical equipment. RP 505 is
intended to be applied where there may be a risk of ignition due to
the presence of flammable gas or vapor, mixed with air under
normal atmospheric conditions.
(3) Standard: API 750

Title Management of Process Hazards
Description: This recommended practice is intended to assist in the
management of process hazards. The objective of this publication
is to help prevent the occurrence of, or minimize the
consequences of, catastrophic releases of toxic or explosive
materials. This recommended practice addresses the
management of process hazards in design, construction, start-up,
operation, inspection, maintenance, and modification of facilities
with the potential for catastrophic release.

Title Management of Hazards Associated With Location of Process
Plant Buildings,
Description: This recommended practice provides guidance for identifying
hazards that may affect plant buildings. It also provides guidance
for those managing risks related to those hazards. It focuses on
refineries, petrochemical and chemical operations, natural gas
liquids, extraction plants, and other facilities covered by the OSHA
Process Management Standard, 29 CFR 1910.119.

Title Fire Protection in Refineries
Description: This recommended practice covers basic concepts of refinery fire
protection. It reviews the chemistry and physics of refinery fires;
discusses how the design of refinery systems and infrastructure
impact the probability and consequences of potential fires;
describes fire control and extinguishing systems typically used in
refineries; examines fire protection concepts that should be
covered in operating and maintenance practices and procedures;
and provides information on organization of and training for
refinery emergency responders.
(6) Standard: API RP 2021 (R2006)

Title Management of Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires
Description: This recommended practice provides experience-based
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information to enhance the understanding of fires in atmospheric
storage tanks containing flammable and combustible materials. It
presents a systematic management approach which can assist
tank fire prevention. If fires do occur, this information can help
responders optimize fire suppression techniques to reduce the
severity of an incident and reduce the potential for escalation.
(7) Standard: API Publ 2218

Title Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum & Petrochemical Processing
Plants
Description: This standard is intended to provide guidelines for selecting,
applying, and maintaining fire proofing materials that are designed
to limit the extent of fire-related property loss in the petroleum and
petrochemical industries.
(8) Standard: NFPA 10

Title Portable Fire Extinguishers
Description: Portable fire extinguishers are an important first line of defense
against small fires. For maximum protection, be sure to select and
maintain equipment using the provisions in NFPA 10: Standard
for Portable Fire Extinguishers. This document covers equipment
distribution, placement, maintenance, operation, and inspection--
as well as testing and recharging.

Title Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
Description: NFPA 11 covers all aspects of the design, installation, operation,
testing, and maintenance of low-, medium-, and high-expansion
foam systems for fire protection. Criteria apply to fixed, semi-fixed,
or portable systems for interior and exterior hazards.

Title Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
Description: The Standard is prepared for the use and guidance of those who
purchase, design, install, test, inspect, approve, list, operate or
maintain carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system equipment.
Coverage addresses total flooding systems, local application
systems, hand hose line systems, standpipe systems, and mobile
supplies. This standard also contains important clarifications of
the requirements for personnel safety features, which must be
incorporated in every carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system.
(11) Standard: NFPA 12A

Title Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems
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Description: This standard gives guidelines for safety requirements for
designing, installing, testing, inspecting, approving, listing,
operating, maintaining, decommissioning, and removing Halon
systems.

Title Installation of Sprinkler Systems
Description: This standard provides the rules for all aspects of automatic
sprinkler system design and installation. It also covers the
character and adequacy of water supplies and the selection of
sprinklers, piping, and valves.
Related NFPA 13HB - Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook,
standard:
NFPA 13 Tabs - Designer's Guide to Automatic Sprinkler Systems

Title Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrants, and
Hose Systems
Description: This standard gives the guidelines regarding installation of
standpoint and hose systems interalia covering guidelines for
spacing and location of fire hose valves, use of pressure reducing
devices in multi-zone standpipe systems and roof outlet
applications.

Title Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
Description: Up-to-date with current technology, engineering principles, test
data, and field experience, NFPA 15 covers the design,
installation, maintenance, and test requirements for fixed water
spray systems for fire protection. Also included in this document
are minimum requirements for the periodic testing and
maintenance of ultra high-speed fixed water spray systems.

Title: Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-
Water Spray Systems
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Description: NFPA 16 outlines requirements for the design, installation, and
maintenance of foam-water sprinkler and spray systems. Systems
are to be designed with the required density for either foam or
water application as the controlling factor, depending on the
design purpose of the system. This standard covers:
• System components;
• Water supplies ;
• System design and installation ;
• Acceptance tests; and
• Inspection, testing, and maintenance.

Title Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
Description: NFPA 20 ensures that stationary fire pumps can deliver on cue
and is reliable for fire protection. It keeps up with advancements in
fire protection system technology. This Standard is a complete
source for comprehensive guidance on stationary fire pumps
including:
• Fire pump design;

• Electrical and mechanical construction;
• Testing; and
• Operation.
With broader coverage and additional information, it also includes:
• Information on variable speed drive applications;

• Calculation methods for pressure relief valves and test
header piping; and
• Applications for pressure reducing valves.
Related NFPA 20HB07 - Handbook for Stationary Fire Pumps.

standard:

Title: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
Description: NFPA 30 facilitates consistency and correlation with major
construction and fire codes. This Flammable and Combustible
Liquids Code presents the latest and most complete guidance on
the safe storage, handling, and use of these volatile substances. It
provides the criteria needed to design facilities for better
protection, comply with sprinkler requirements, and use safe
operating practices. It also includes:
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• Introduction of the concepts of control area, maximum
allowable quantities, and protection levels;
• Additional fire protection design criteria for warehouse
storage of containers, intermediate bulk containers, and
portable tanks; and
• Expanded requirement for overfill prevention measures to
comply with EPA SPCC (Spill Prevention, Control and
Countermeasures) guidelines.
Related NFPA 30HB08 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

standard: Handbook.

Title Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals
Description: NFPA 45 Ensure the fire safe design and operation of
instructional, educational, and industrial laboratories using
chemicals. This document outlines the maximum allowable
quantities of liquids and gases, as well as requirements for
laboratory ventilating systems and chemical fume hoods. This
standards includes:
• New requirement for all new laboratories to have an

automatic fire extinguishing system;
• Clarification of the scope that labs containing either the
minimum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids or
gas would qualify the lab for coverage under NFPA 45;
• Requirements defining and regulating pressurized liquid
dispensing containers;
• Expanded advisory material on biological safety cabinets
and recognition of listed Class II, Type B2 biological safety
cabinets in lieu of chemical fume hoods under certain
circumstances;
• Clarification of requirements for liquid dispensing;
• Expanded requirements and advisory information for
compressed and liquefied gases; and
• Maximum quantity requirements are clarified for outside
cylinder storage.

Title: Standard on Fire Hose
Description: Fire hoses are essential tools. NFPA 1961 presents the minimum
requirements for the design and construction of fire hose and the
design verification testing done by the manufacturer of new fire
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hose. This document for fire hose applies to:
• Attack hose used by trained firefighters and fire brigade

members in regular fire fighting operations;
• Forestry hose used in wild land fire suppression;
• Supply hose (large diameter hose) used to convey water
from its source to fire apparatus at a fire scene; and
• Suction hose used to get water into a pump when the water
must be pumped from a static source such as a lake or river.
(20) Other relevant standards are:

Standard: NFPA 24
Title Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances
Standard: NFPA 780

Title Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems
Standard: API RP 579

Title Recommended Practice for Fitness-for-Service

Title Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process
Plant Portable Buildings
Standard: API Std 2000

Title Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks: Non-
refrigerated and Refrigerated

Title Guidelines and Procedures for Entering and Cleaning Petroleum
Storage Tanks

Title Fighting Fires in and Around Flammable and Combustible Liquid
Atmospheric Petroleum Storage Tanks
Standard: API Pub 2510

Title Fire protection consideration for the design and operation of LPG
Storage Facilities
Standard: BS 5908
Title Code of practice for fire precautions in the chemical and allied
industries
Page 10 of 91
Standard: ANSI B113.1
Title Safety standard for pumps for fire protection services
Standard: ICC IFC-2006

Title International Fire Code
Chapter-2
8. Pressure Relieving Devices
(1) Standard: API RP 520 (Part I)

Title Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Devices in Refineries: Part I - Sizing and Selection
Description: This recommended practice applies to the sizing and selection
of pressure relief devices used in refineries and related
industries for equipment that has a maximum allowable working
pressure of 15 psig [103 kPag] or greater. The pressure relief
devices covered in this recommended practice is intended to
protect unfired pressure vessels and related equipment against
overpressure from operating and fire contingencies.
(2) Standard: API RP 520 (Part II)

Title Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Devices in Refineries-Part II, Installation
Description: This recommended practice covers methods of installation for
pressure-relief devices for equipment that has a maximum
allowable working pressure (MAWP) of 15 psig (1.03 bar g or
103 kPa) or greater. It covers gas, vapor, steam, two-phase and
incompressible fluid service; it does not cover special
applications that require unusual installation considerations.

Title Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems
Description: A guide for plant engineers in the design, installation, and
operation of pressure-relieving and depressuring systems.
Guidelines are provided for examining principal causes of
overpressure; determining individual relieving rates; and
selecting and designing disposal systems, including such
component parts as vessels, flares, and vent stacks. Suggested
solutions to the immediate design and economic and safety
problems involved in pressure-relieving discharge systems are
presented. A section regarding flare gas recovery is also
included in this standard.
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Title Process Instrument and Control
Description: Covers performance requirements and considerations for the
section, specification, installation and testing of process
instrumentation and control systems. Control centers as used in
the petroleum industry are also covered. This practice is not
intended to be used as a purchase specification, but makes
recommendations from minimum requirements and can be
used to provide guidance for the development of detailed
designs and specifications.
(5) Other relevant standards are:

Title Flare Details for General Refinery and Petrochemical Service
Chapter-3
9. Above Ground Atmospheric and Low Pressure Petroleum Storage Tanks
(1) Standard: API Std 620

Title Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure
Storage Tanks
Description: The API Downstream Segment has prepared this standard to
cover large, field-assembled storage tanks of the specific types
described that contain petroleum intermediates (gases or
vapors) and finished products, as well as other liquid products
commonly handled and stored by the various branches of the
industry.
The rules presented in this standard do not cover all details of

design and construction due to variety of tank sizes and shapes
that may be constructed. Where complete rules for a specific
design are not given, the intent is for the Manufacturer to
provide design and construction details that are as safe as those
which would otherwise be provided by this standard.

Title Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
Description: This standard is designed to provide the petroleum industry with
tanks of adequate safety and reasonable economy for use in the
storage of petroleum, petroleum products, and other liquid
products commonly handled and stored by the various branches
of the petroleum industry. It is intended to help purchasers and
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manufacturers in ordering, fabricating, and erecting tanks.
Standard 650 covers material, design, fabrication, erection, and
testing requirements for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground,
closed- and open-top, welded steel storage tanks in various and
capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric
pressure, but a higher internal pressure is permitted when
additional requirements are met. This standard applies only to
tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported; and to tanks
in non-refrigerated service, that have a maximum operating
temperature of 90 deg C (200 deg F).

Description: This standard covers the normal and emergency vapor venting
requirements for aboveground liquid petroleum or petroleum
products storage tanks, and aboveground and underground
refrigerated storage tanks designed for operation at pressures
from vacuum through 15 pounds per square inch gauge (1.034
bar gauge).

Title Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning, and
Stray Currents
Description: This recommended practice presents the current state of
knowledge and technology in the fields of static electricity,
lightning, and stray currents applicable to the prevention of
hydrocarbon ignition in the petroleum industry and is based on
both scientific research and practical experience.
The principles discussed in this recommended practice are

applicable to other operations where ignitable liquids and gases
are handled. Their use should lead to improved safety practices
and evaluations of existing installations and procedures. When
the narrow limits of static electricity ignition are properly
understood, fire investigators should be encouraged to search
more diligently for the true ignition sources in instances where
static ignition is unlikely or impossible.

Title Overfill Protection for Petroleum Storage Tanks
Description: This recommended practice prevents petroleum storage tanks
from being overfilled is an important safety and environmental
concern. Tank overfills can be effectively reduced by developing
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and implementing practical and safe operating procedures for
storage facilities and by providing for careful selection and
application of equipment, scheduled maintenance programs,
and employee training. Covers overfill protection for all
aboveground storage tanks in petroleum facilities, including
refineries, terminals, bulk plants, and pipeline terminals that
receive Class I (flammable) liquids from mainline pipelines or
marine vessels.

Title Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Installations (LPG)
Description: This standard covers the design, construction, and location of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) installations at marine and
pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries,
petrochemical plants, or tank farms. This standard covers
storage vessels, loading and unloading systems, piping, or and
related equipment.
The size and type of the installation; the related facilities on the
site; the commercial, industrial, and residential population
density in the surrounding area; the terrain and climate
conditions; and the type of LPG handled are discussed.
Generally speaking, the larger the installation and the greater
the population density of the surrounding area, the more
stringent are the design requirements.
Design and construction considerations peculiar to refrigerated

storage, including auto refrigerated storage, are covered in this
standard.
The provisions of this standard are intended for application to

new installations. This standard can be used to review and
evaluate existing storage facilities. However, the feasibility of
applying this standard to facilities, equipment, structures, or
installations that were already in place or that were in the
process of construction or installation before the date of this
publication, must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis
considering individual circumstances and sites.

Title: Method for Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical
Tanks
Description: This standard describes the procedures for calibrating upright
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cylindrical tanks larger than a barrel or drum. It is presented in
two parts:
• Part I (Sections 1 to 41) outlines procedures for making
necessary measurements to determine total and
incremental tank volumes;
• Part II (Sections 42 to 58) presents the recommended
procedure for computing volumes.

Title: Method for Liquid Calibration of Tanks
Description: This standard describes the procedure for calibrating tanks, or
portions of tanks, larger than a barrel or drum by introducing or
withdrawing measured quantities of liquid.

Title Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection
of Terminal & Tank Facilities
Description: API Standard 2610 covers the design, construction, operation,
inspection, and maintenance of petroleum terminal and tank
facilities associated with marketing, refining, pipeline, and other
similar activities. This standard covers the issues of site
selection and spacing, pollution prevention and waste
management, safe operation, fire prevention and protection,
tanks, dikes and beams, mechanical systems, product transfer,
corrosion protection, structures, utilities and yard, and removals
and decommissioning.
The purpose of this standard is to consolidate a wide base of

current industry experience, knowledge, information, and
management practices into a cohesive standard, and may be
used as a resource and management guide by those
responsible for terminal and tank facilities.
API has developed this document to foster greater awareness

and assist the industry in addressing environmental, health, and
safety concerns.
(10) Other related standards are:

Standard: ANSI/API 510
Title Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating,
Repair, and Alteration,
Standard: ANSI/API Std 521

Title Pressure-relieving and De-pressuring Systems,
Page 15 of 91
Standard: ANSI/API RP 575
Title Guidelines and Methods for Inspection of Existing Atmospheric
and Low-pressure Storage Tanks.

Title Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure
Storage Tanks.

Title Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
Standard: ANSI/API RP 651

Title Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks,

Title Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction

Chapter-4
10. Underground Storage Tanks

Title Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems
Description: This standard is a guide to procedures and equipment that
should be used for the proper installation of underground
petroleum storage systems. For use by architects, engineers,
tank owners, tank operators, and contractors. It applies to
underground storage tank systems that store petroleum products
at retail and commercial facilities.

Title Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks
and Piping Systems
Description: Covers two methods of providing cathodic protection for buried
steel petroleum storage and dispensing systems. Provides
information specific to buried steel structures such as motor fuel
storage tanks and delivery piping waste oil tanks, heating-oil
tanks, and automobile lifts installed at service stations.
Page 16 of 91
Related NACE RP0285-95 - Standard Recommended Practice -
standard: Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by
Cathodic Protection.

Description: This standard covers the normal and emergency vapor venting
requirements for above ground liquid petroleum or petroleum
products storage tanks, and above ground and underground
refrigerated storage tanks designed for operation at pressures
from vacuum through 15 pounds per square inch gauge (1.034
bar gauge).
Related API Std 620 - Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-
standard: Pressure Storage Tanks,
(4) Standard: UL 58
Title Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible
Liquids
Description: This standard covers requirements for horizontal atmospheric-
type steel tanks intended for the storage underground of
flammable and combustible liquids.
These requirements cover single wall tanks, secondary

containment tanks, multiple compartment single wall and
multiple compartment secondary containment tanks.
Tanks covered by these requirements are cylindrical tanks that

are fabricated, inspected, and tested for leakage before
shipment from the factory as completely assembled vessels.
(5) Standard: UL 1316

Title Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic
Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products, Alcohols,
and Alcohol-Gasoline Mixtures
Description: This standard covers requirements for spherical or horizontal
cylindrical, atmospheric-type tanks of glass-fiber-reinforced
plastic (FRP) that are intended for the underground storage of
petroleum-based flammable and combustible liquids, alcohols,
and alcohol-blended fuels.
These requirements cover tanks of either single- or double-wall

construction. A double-wall tank is a tank within a tank, capable
of being provided with means to detect a leak in either tank.
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Tanks are completely assembled and tested for leakage before
shipment.
These requirements do not cover optional accessories for these

tanks, such as heating coils or hot wells; nor do they cover
compartmented tanks.
Chapter-5
11. LPG Storage Facilities

Title Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Installations (LPG)
Description: This standard covers the design, construction, and location of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) installations at marine and
pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries,
petrochemical plants, or tank farms. This standard covers
storage vessels, loading and unloading systems, piping, or and
related equipment.
The size and type of the installation; the related facilities on the
site; the commercial, industrial, and residential population
density in the surrounding area; the terrain and climate
conditions; and the type of LPG handled are discussed.
Generally speaking, the larger the installation and the greater
the population density of the surrounding area, the more
stringent are the design requirements.
Design and construction considerations peculiar to refrigerated

storage, including auto refrigerated storage, are covered in this
standard.
(2) Standard: API Publ 2510A

Title Fire-Protection Considerations for the Design and Operation of
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities
Description: This publication supplements API Standard 2510 and addresses
the design, operation, and maintenance of liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG) storage facilities from the standpoint of prevention
and control of releases, fire protection design, and fire control
measures. The history of LPG storage facility safety experience,
facility design philosophy, operating and maintenance
procedures, and various fire protection and fire-fighting
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approaches are presented. The storage facilities covered are
LPG installations (storage vessels and associated
loading/unloading/transfer systems) at marine and pipeline
terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries,
petrochemical plants, and tank farms.

Title Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
Description: Important and expanded coverage in this standard reduces the
risk of propane fires and explosions. LP-Gas Code is a source
for LP-Gas safety requirements which interalia gives the criteria
for the safe design, construction, installation and operation of all
LP-Gas systems, as well as highway transportation of LP-Gas.
This code includes section that addresses small LP-Gas system
operators and aids compliance with DOT regulations. This
standard covers the following:
• Location requirements for heaters;

• Table of small container appurtenances;
• Rule to require notification of trackside transfer from rail
cars;
• New coverage of elevated pressure propane systems (20-
50psi) used in cogeneration systems, micro turbines, metal
cutting and similar industrial operations, and
• Clarified requirements for flexible connectors used as part of
piping systems
Chapter-6
12. Compressor and Drivers
(1) Standard: API Spec 7B-11C

Title: Specification for Internal-Combustion Reciprocating Engines for
Oil Field Service
Description: Covers methods for determining maximum brake horsepower
and fuel consumption rates of internal-combustion bare engines
and power units; provides for the manufacturer's maximum
horsepower rating of such equipment for specific service
applications; and gives methods for testing and rating of
radiator-type cooling units
(2) Standard: ANSI/API 11P

Title: Specification for Packaged Reciprocating Compressors for Oil
Page 19 of 91
and Gas Production Services
Description: Covers requirements for packaged high speed separable or belt
driven oil-field type engine driven compressors in natural gas
service. It contains data sheets used to set out service
conditions, material requirements, and fabricator's design
sheets.

Title: Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors
for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
Description: This standard now covers the minimum requirements for axial
compressors, integrally geared process centrifugal compressors
and expander-compressors, as well as single shaft centrifugal
compressors for use in the petroleum, chemical, and gas
industries services that handle air or gas. This standard does
not apply to fans (covered by API 673) or blowers that develop
less than 34 kPa (5 psi) pressure rise above atmospheric
pressure. This standard also does not apply to packaged,
integrally-geared centrifugal plant and instrument air
compressors, which are covered by API Std 672. Hot gas
expanders over 300 C (570 F) are also not covered in this
standard.
Related API 617 Data Sheets - Data Sheets for API Standard 617, Axial
Standards: and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for
Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services

Title: Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry Services
Description: This standard covers the minimum requirements for
reciprocating compressors and their drivers for use in petroleum,
chemical, and gas industry services for handling process air or
gas with either lubricated or non-lubricated cylinders.
Compressors covered by this standard are moderate to low

speed machines. Also included are related lubricating systems,
controls, instrumentation, intercoolers, aftercoolers, pulsation
suppression devices, and other auxiliary equipment.
Compressors not covered by this standard are (a) integral gas-
engine-driven compressors, (b) compressors with single-acting
trunk-type (automotive-type) pistons that also serve as
crossheads, and (c) either plant or instrument-air compressors
that discharge at a gauge pressure of 9 bar (125 psig) or below.
Page 20 of 91
Requirements for packaged high-speed reciprocating
compressors for oil and gas production services are covered in
ISO 13631.
Related API 618 Datasheets - Mechanical Equipment Data Sheets
Standards:

Title: Rotary-Type Positive-Displacement Compressors for Petroleum,
Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries
Description: This standard covers the minimum requirements for dry and oil-
flooded helical lobe rotary compressors used for vacuum or
pressure or both in petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas
industries. It is intended for compressors that are in special-
purpose applications. It does not cover general purpose air
compressors, liquid ring compressors, and vane-type
compressors.
Related API 619 Data Sheet - API Standard 619 Data Sheets
Standards:
Title: Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
Description: This standard covers the minimum requirements for constant-
speed, packaged, general purpose integrally geared centrifugal
air compressors, including their accessories.
Related API 672 Data Sheets - Datasheets for API 672: Packaged,
Standards: Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for Petroleum,
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
(7) Standard: ISO 10437

Title: Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Steam
turbines - Special-purpose applications
Description: ISO 10437 specifies requirements and gives recommendations
for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and
preparation for shipment of special-purpose steam turbines. It
also covers the related lube-oil systems, instrumentation, control
systems and auxiliary equipment.

Title: Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries - Centrifugal
compressors
Description: ISO 10439 specifies requirements and gives recommendations
for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and
preparation for shipment of centrifugal compressors for use in the
petroleum, chemical and gas service industries. It is not
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applicable to machines that develop less than 35 kPa above
atmospheric pressure, nor is it applicable to packaged, integrally
geared centrifugal air compressors, which are covered in ISO
10442.

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Reciprocating
compressors
Description: This International Standard covers the minimum requirements for
reciprocating compressors and their drivers used in the
petroleum and natural gas industries with either lubricated or non
lubricated cylinders. This International Standard may be used for
other services or in other industries by agreement. Compressors
covered by this International Standard are moderate to low-
speed and in critical services. Also included are related
lubricating systems, controls, instrumentation, intercoolers,
aftercoolers, pulsation suppression devices and other auxiliary
equipment.
(10) Other related standards:

Standard: API Spec. 11K
Title: Air exchanger coolers for packaged compressors units
Standard: API Spec. 11P

Title: Packaged high-speed separable engine driven reciprocating gas
compressors units
Chapter-7
13. Pumps
(1) Standard: API STD 610

Title: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural
Gas Industries
Description: API Standard 610 specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps,
including pumps running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery
turbines, for use in petroleum, petrochemical, and gas industry
process services. It does not cover seal less pumps. Std. 610 is
applicable to overhung pumps, between-bearings pumps, and
vertically-suspended pumps.

Title: Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating
Description: Covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating positive
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displacement pumps for use in petroleum, chemical, and gas
industry services. Both direct-acting and power-frame types are
included
Related API 674 Datasheet - Positive Displacement Pumps -
Standards: Reciprocating.

Title: Positive Displacement Pumps - Controlled Volume
Description: Covers the minimum requirements for controlled volume positive
displacement pumps for use in service in the petroleum,
chemical, and gas industries. Both packed-plunger and
diaphragm types are included. Diaphragm pumps that use direct
mechanical actuation are excluded.

Title: Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas
industries
Description: ISO 13709 specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps, for use
in petroleum, petrochemical and gas industry process services.
ISO 13709 is applicable to overhung pumps, between-bearings
pumps and vertically-suspended pumps.
Chapter-8
14. Heaters
(1) Standard: API Spec 12K

Title: Indirect-Type Oil Field Heaters
Description: Covers minimum requirements for the design, fabrication, and
plant testing of indirect heaters that are used in the production
of oil and gas, and are located at some point on the producing
flow line between the wellhead and pipeline.

Title: Instrumentation and Control Systems for Fired Heaters and
Steam Generators
Description: API RP 556 was written to aid in the installation of the more
generally used measuring, control, and analytical instruments;
transmission systems; and related accessories to achieve safe,
continuous, accurate and efficient operation with minimum
maintenance. Although the information has been prepared
primarily for petroleum refineries, much of it is applicable
without change in chemical plants, gasoline plants, and similar
installations.
Page 23 of 91
Title: Fired Heaters for General Refinery Services
Description: Applies to fired heaters for general refinery services. It covers
the minimum requirements for their design, materials,
fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and
erection.
Related ANSI/API 560 Data Sheets - Data Sheets for Fired Heaters for
Standards: General Refinery Services
(4) Standard: ANSI/API Std 530

Title: Calculation of Heater-tube Thickness in Petroleum Refineries
Description: This International Standard specifies the requirements and
gives recommendations for the procedures and design criteria
used for calculating the required wall thickness of new tubes
and associated component fittings for petroleum-refinery
heaters. These procedures are appropriate for designing tubes
for service in both corrosive and non-corrosive applications.
These procedures have been developed specifically for the
design of refinery and related process-fired heater tubes (direct-
fired, heat-absorbing tubes within enclosures). These
procedures are not intended to be used for the design of
external piping.
(5) Standard: BS 4076

Title: Specification for steel chimneys
Description: Structural design and construction for chimneys (with or without
linings) and their supports. Applications of linings or cladding.
Insulation, maintenance, protective treatments, inspection.
Effects of wind.
(6) Standard: ASTM C27

Title: Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory
Brick
Description: This classification covers machine-made fireclay and high-
alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the
various classes and types of these materials in accordance with
their normal and characteristic properties, which are important
in their use.
Page 24 of 91
Chapter-9
15. Heat Exchangers

Title: Shell-and-tube Heat Exchangers
Description: This Standard specifies requirements and gives
recommendations for the mechanical design, material selection,
fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of
shell-and-tube heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical
and natural gas industries. It is applicable to the following types
of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: heaters, condensers, coolers
and reboilers. It is not applicable to vacuum-operated steam
surface condensers and feed-water heaters.

Title: Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services
Description: API Std 661 gives requirements and recommendations for the
design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation
for shipment of air-cooled heat exchangers for use in the
petroleum and natural gas industries.

Title: Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Air-cooled
heat exchangers
Description: ISO 13706 gives requirements and recommendations for the
design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation
for shipment of air-cooled heat exchangers for use in the
petroleum and natural gas industries.
(4) Other relevant standards:

Standard: ISO 15547
Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Plate heat exchangers
Standard: TEMA C
Title: Specifications and Design practices for heat exchangers in
general process services
Standard: TEMA R
Title: Specifications and Design practices fro heat exchangers in
severe services
Page 25 of 91
Chapter-10
16. Vessels
(1) Standard: ASME Section I

Title: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I: Rules for
Construction of Power Boilers
Description: This section provides requirements for all methods of
construction of power, electric, and miniature boilers; high
temperature water boilers used in stationary service; and power
boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Rules
pertaining to use of the V, A, M, PP, S and E Code symbol
stamps are also included. The rules are applicable to boilers in
which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressures
exceeding 15 psig, and high temperature water boilers intended
for operation at pressures exceeding 160 psig and or
temperatures exceeding 250 degree F. Super heaters,
economizers, and other pressure parts connected directly to the
boiler without intervening valves are considered as part of the
scope of Section 1.
(2) Standard: ASME Section IIA

Title: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials -
Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications
Description: This part is a service book to the other Code Sections, providing
material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in
the field of pressure equipment. These specifications contain
requirements and mechanical properties, test specimens, and
methods of testing. They are designated by SA numbers and are
derived from ASTM "A" specifications.
(3) Standard: ASME Section IIB

Part B: Nonferrous Material Specifications
Description: This part is a service book to the other Code Sections providing
material specifications for nonferrous materials adequate for
safety in the field of pressure equipment. These specifications
contain requirements for heat treatment, manufacture, chemical
composition, heat and product analyses, mechanical test
requirements and mechanical properties, test specimens, and
methods of testing. They are designated by SB numbers and
are derived from ASTM "B" specifications.
(4) Standard: ASME Section IIC
Page 26 of 91
Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler
Metals.
Description: This is a service book to the other Code Sections providing
material specifications for the manufacture, acceptability,
chemical composition, mechanical usability, surfacing, testing
requirements and procedures, operating characteristics, and
intended uses for welding rods, electrodes and filler metals.
These specifications are designated by SFA numbers and are
derived from AWS specifications.
(5) Standard: ASME Section IID Metric

Part D: Properties (Metric)
Description: This is a service book to Code Sections providing tables of
design stress values, tensile and yield strength values, and
tables and charts of material properties. Part D facilitates ready
identification of specific materials to specific Sections of the
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Part D contains appendices
which contain criteria for establishing allowable stress, the
bases for establishing external pressure charts, and information
required for approval of new materials.
(6) Standard: ASME Section V

Title: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V:
Nondestructive Examination
Description: This Section contains requirements and methods for
nondestructive examination which are referenced and required
by other code Sections. It also includes manufacturer's
examination responsibilities, duties of authorized inspectors and
requirements for qualification of personnel, inspection and
examination. Examination methods are intended to detect
surface and internal discontinuities in materials, welds, and
fabricated parts and components. A glossary of related terms is
included.
(7) Standard: ASME Section VIII

Title: ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Description: ASME Section VIII comprise of 3 - Set which are as follows:
Div I ASME Section VIII-DIV 1

Title: Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1: Rules
for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Description: This Division of Section VIII provides requirements applicable to
Page 27 of 91
the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of
pressure vessels operating at either internal or external
pressures exceeding 15 psig. Such pressure vessels may be
fired or unfired. Specific requirements apply to several classes of
material used in pressure vessel construction, and also to
fabrication methods such as welding, forging and brazing. It
contains mandatory and non-mandatory appendices detailing
supplementary design criteria, nondestructive examination and
inspection acceptance standards. Rules pertaining to the use of
the U, UM and UV Code symbol stamps are also included.
Div II ASME Section VIII-DIV 2

Title: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2:
Alternative Rules
Description: These rules provide an alternative to the minimum requirements
for pressure vessels under Division 1 rules. In comparison the
Division 1, Division 2 requirements on materials, design, and
nondestructive examination are more rigorous; however, higher
design stress intensify values are permitted. Division 2 rules
cover only vessels to be installed in a fixed location for a specific
service where operation and maintenance control is retained
during the useful life of the vessel by the user who prepares or
causes to be prepared the design specifications. These rules
may also apply to human occupancy pressure vessels typically in
the diving industry.
Div III ASME Section VIII-DIV 3

Title: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 3:
Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels
Description: This Division of Section VIII provides requirements applicable to
the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of
pressure vessels operating at either internal or external
pressures generally above 10,000 psi. Such vessels may be fired
or unfired. This pressure may be obtained from an external
source, a process reaction, by the application of heat from a
direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof. The
operation and maintenance control is retained during the useful
life of the vessel by the user who prepares or causes to be
prepared the design specifications. Division 3 does not establish
maximum pressure limits for either Section VIII, Divisions 1 or 2,
nor minimum pressure limits for this Division. Rules pertaining to
the use of the UV3 Code symbol stamps are also included.
(8) Standard: ASME Section IX
Page 28 of 91
Title: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section IX: Welding
and Brazing Qualifications
Description: Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code relates
to the qualification of welders, welding operators, brazers, and
brazing operators and the procedures employed in welding of
brazing in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code and the ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping.
Section IX establishes the basic criteria for welding and brazing
which are observed in the preparation of welding and brazing
requirements that affect procedure and performance. The
purpose of the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) and
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is to determine that the
weldment proposed for construction is capable of having the
required properties for its intended application.
Related Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code,
Standards: Volumes 1, 2 and 3
Chapter-11
17. Pipeline and Piping
(1) Standard: ASME B31.1

Title: Power Piping
Description: This code prescribes minimum requirements for the design,
materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and
auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations,
industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants.
The code covers boiler external piping for power boilers and
high temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or
vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 PSIG; and
high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding
160 PSIG and/or temperatures exceeding 250° F.

Title: Process Piping
Description: Rules for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical,
pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic
plants; and related processing plants and terminals. This code
prescribes requirements for materials and components, design,
fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and
testing of piping. This Code applies to piping for all fluids
including: (1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; (2)
petroleum products; (3) gas, steam, air and water; (4) fluidized
Page 29 of 91
solids; (5) refrigerants; and (6) cryogenic fluids. Also included is
piping which interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged
equipment assembly.

Title: Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and
Other Liquids
Description: This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials,
construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping
transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural
gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon
dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia and liquid
petroleum products between producers' lease facilities, tank
farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations,
ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other
delivery and receiving points. Piping consists of pipe, flanges,
bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings and the pressure
containing parts of other piping components. It also includes
hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to
prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts.
Requirements for offshore pipelines are also found in this
document. In addition to above scope of this standards also
includes:
(a) Primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid
anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail
and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure reducing
stations and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers,
and prover loop;
(b) Storage and working tanks including pipe-type storage
fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting
these facilities;
(c) Liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping
located on property which has been set aside for such piping
within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing,
ammonia, and bulk plants; and
(d) Those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid
pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the
general public, operating company personnel, environment,
property and the piping systems.
(4) Standard: ANSI/ASME B31.8

Title: Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
Description: This Code covers the design, fabrication, installation, inspection,
and testing of pipeline facilities used for the transportation of gas.
Page 30 of 91
This Code also covers safety aspects of the operation and
maintenance of those facilities.
(5) Standard: ANSI/ASME B36.10M

Title: Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
Description: This Standard covers the standardization of dimensions of
welded and seamless wrought steel pipe for high or low
temperatures and pressures. The word pipe is used, as
distinguished from tube, to apply to tubular products of
dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping systems.
Pipe NPS 12 (DN 300) and smaller have outside diameters
numerically larger than their corresponding sizes. In contrast, the
outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size
number for all sizes.
(6) Standard: ANSI/ASME B36.19M

Title: Stainless Steel Pipe
welded and seamless wrought stainless steel pipe for high or low
Pipes NPS 12 (DN 300) and smaller have outside diameters
number for all sizes. The wall thicknesses for NPS 14 through
22, inclusive (DN 350-550, inclusive), of Schedule 10S; NPS 12
(DN 300) of Schedule 40S; and NPS 10 and 12 (DN 250 and
300) of Schedule 80S are not the same as those of ASME
B36.10M.
(7) Standard: ANSI/AWS A5.1/A5.1M

Title: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding
Description: This specification establishes the requirements for classification
of carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding. The
requirements include mechanical properties of weld metal, weld
metal soundness, and usability of electrode. Requirements
coverings, standard sizes and lengths, marking, manufacturing,
and packaging are also included.

Title: Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal
Arc Welding
Page 31 of 91
Description: This specification prescribes the requirements for classification of
low-alloy steel covered electrodes used for shielded metal arc
welding. The requirements include chemical composition and
mechanical properties of weld metal, weld metal soundness,
usability tests of electrodes, and moisture tests of the low-
hydrogen electrode covering. Requirements for standard sizes
and lengths, marking, manufacturing, and packaging are also
included.

Title: Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and
Rods
Description: The classification and other requirements for more than forty-five
bare stainless steel electrodes (solid and composite), rods, and
strips are specified, including a number of duplex alloys
previously unclassified.

Title: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for
Submerged Arc Welding
Description: This specification provides requirements for the classification of
solid and composite carbon steel electrodes and fluxes for
submerged arc welding. Electrode classification is based on
chemical composition of the electrode for solid electrodes, and
chemical composition of the weld metal for composite electrodes.
Flux classification is based on the mechanical properties of weld
metal produced with the flux and an electrode classified herein.

Title: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas
Shielded Arc Welding
Description: This specification prescribes the requirements for classification of
solid carbon steel electrodes and rods, composite stranded
carbon steel electrodes, and composite metal cored carbon steel
electrodes for gas shielded arc welding.
Classification is based on chemical composition of the electrode

for solid electrodes and rods, chemical composition of weld metal
for composite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes
and the as-welded mechanical properties of the weld metal for
each. Additional requirements are included for manufacture,
sizes, lengths, and packaging.
(12) Standard: API Spec 5L
Page 32 of 91
Title: Specification for Line Pipe
Description: This specification provides standards for pipe suitable for use in
conveying gas, water, and oil in the oil and natural gas
industries. Spec 5L covers seamless and welded steel line pipe.
It includes plain-end, threaded-end, and belled-end pipe, as well
as through-the-flowline (TFL) pipe and pipe with ends prepared
for use with special couplings.
(13) Standard: API RP 5L1

Title: Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe
Description: The recommendations provided herein apply to the
transportation on railcars of API Specification 5L steel line pipe in
sizes 23/8 and larger in lengths longer than single random.
These recommendations cover coated or uncoated pipe, but
they do not encompass loading practices designed to protect
pipe coating from damage.
(14) Standard: API RP 14E

Title: Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore
Products Platform Piping Systems
Description: Recommends minimum requirements and guidelines for the
design and installation of new piping systems on offshore
production platforms. Includes general recommendations on
design and application of pipe, valves, and fittings for typical
processes; general information on installation, quality control,
and items related to piping systems such as insulation; and
specific recommendations for the design of particular piping
systems.

Title: Piping Inspection Code: Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Re-
rating of In-Service Piping Systems
Description: Covers inspection, repair, alteration, and re-rating procedures for
in-service metallic piping systems. Establishes requirements and
guidelines that allow owner/users of piping systems to maintain
the safety and mechanical integrity of systems after they have
been placed into service. Intended for use by organizations that
maintain or have access to an authorized inspection agency,
repair organization, and technically qualified personnel.

Title: Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted
Bonnets
Description: This International standard specifies the requirements for a
Page 33 of 91
heavy-duty series of bolted bonnet steel gate valves for
petroleum refinery and related applications where corrosion,
erosion and other service conditions would indicate a need for
full port openings, heavy wall sections and large stem diameters.

Title: Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
Description: This standard covers the gas and arc welding of butt, fillet, and
socket welds in carbon and low-alloy steel piping used in the
compression, pumping, and trans-mission of crude petroleum,
petroleum pro-ducts, fuel gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and,
where applicable, covers welding on distribution systems. It
applies to both new construction and in-service welding.
This standard also covers the procedures for radiographic,

magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing, as well
as the acceptance standards to be applied to production welds
tested to destruction or inspected by radiographic, magnetic part,
liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and visual testing methods.

Title: Pipeline Maintenance Welding Practices
Description: This recommended practice covers recommended maintenance
welding practices that may be used when repairing or installing
appurtenances on pipeline systems that are or have been in
service in the transmission of petroleum products.

Title: Pressure Testing of Steel Pipelines for the Transportation of Gas,
Petroleum Gas, Hazardous Liquids, Highly Volatile Liquids or
Carbon Dioxide
Description: This Recommended Practice (RP) provides guidelines for
pressure testing steel pipelines for the transportation of gas,
petroleum gas, hazardous liquids, highly volatile liquids or carbon
dioxide. This RP provides guidance so that:
• Pipeline Operators can select a pressure test suitable for
the conditions under which the test will be conducted. This
includes, but is not limited to, pipeline material
characteristics, pipeline operating conditions, and various
types of anomalies or other risk factors that may be
present.
• Pressure tests are planned in order to meet the overall
objectives of the pressure test.
• Site-specific procedures are developed and followed
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during all phases of the pressure testing process.
• Pressure tests consider both personnel safety and
environmental impacts.
• Pressure tests are implemented by qualified personnel.
• Pressure tests are conducted in order to meet stated
acceptance criteria and pressure test objectives.
• Pressure test records are developed, completed and
retained for the useful life of the facility.
(20) Standard: ASTM G8

Title: Standard Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
Coatings
Description: These test methods cover accelerated procedures for
simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of
insulating coating systems applied to steel pipe exterior for the
purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in
underground service where the pipe will be in contact with inland
soils and may or may not receive cathodic protection. They are
intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from
commercial production and are applicable to such samples when
the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.
(21) Standard: ASTM A53

Title: Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
Description: This specification covers seamless and welded black and hot-
dipped galvanized steel pipe in NPS 1/8 to NPS 26 [DN 6 to DN
650], inclusive, with nominal wall thickness as given in it. It shall
be permissible to furnish pipe having other dimensions provided
such pipe complies with all other requirements of this
specification.
This specification covers the following types and grades:
• Type F–Furnace-butt welded, continuous welded
Grade A;
• Type E–Electric-resistance welded, Grades A and B;
and
• Type S–Seamless, Grades A and B.
ii) Pipe ordered under this specification is intended for

mechanical and pressure applications and is also acceptable for
ordinary uses in steam, water, gas, and air lines. It is suitable for
welding, and suitable for forming operations involving coiling,
bending, and flanging, subject to the following qualifications:
• Type F is not intended for flanging;
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• When Types S and E are required for close coiling or
cold bending, Grade A is the preferred grade. This
provision is not intended to prohibit the cold bending of
Grade B pipe;
• Type E is furnished either non-expanded or cold
expanded at the option of the manufacturer.

Title: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping
Applications
Description: This specification covers forged carbon steel piping components
for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure
systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts
ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to
dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API
specifications referenced in Section. Forgings made to this
specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10000 lb [4540
kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A 266/A
266M. Although this specification covers some piping
components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular
products, it does not cover raw material produced in these
product forms. Supplementary requirements are provided in it
for use when additional testing or inspection is desired.

Title: Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
High-Temperature Service
Description: This specification covers seamless carbon steel pipe for high-
temperature service in NPS 1/8 to NPS 48 inclusive, with
nominal (average) wall thickness as given in ANSI B 36.10. It
shall be permissible to furnish pipe having other dimensions
provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this
specification. Pipe ordered under this specification shall be
suitable for bending, flanging, and similar forming operations,
and for welding. When the steel is to be welded, it is
presupposed that a welding procedure suitable to the grade of
steel and intended use or service will be utilized.
Supplementary requirements (S1 to S7) of an optional nature

are provided for seamless pipe intended for use in applications
where a superior grade of pipe is required.

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Piping
Page 36 of 91
Description: This International Standard specifies the requirements for design
and construction of piping for the petroleum and natural gas
industries, including associated inspection and testing. It is
applicable to all piping within facilities engaged in the processing
or handling of chemical, petroleum, natural gas or related
products e.g petroleum refinery, loading terminal, natural gas
processing plant (including liquefied natural gas facilities),
offshore oil and gas production platforms, chemical plant, bulk
plant, compounding plant, tank farm.
This International Standard is also applicable to packaged

equipment piping which interconnects individual pieces or stages
of equipment within a packaged equipment assembly for use
within facilities engaged in the processing or handling of
chemical, petroleum, natural gas or related products.

Standard: API Spec 5L5
Title: Marine Transportation of Line Pipe

Title: Recommended Practice and Supplementary Welding Guidelines
for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries
Standard: ANSI/AWS A5.4/A5.4M

Title: Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal
Arc Welding
Standard: PIP PNSC0001

Title: ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Fabrication and Examination
Specification
Standard: AWS API-M

Title: Study Guide for API Standard 1104 Welding of Pipelines and
Related Facilities
Standard: AWS A5.23/A5.23M

Title: Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for
Submerged Arc Welding
Standard: ISO 3183

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipe for pipeline
transportation systems
Page 37 of 91
Standard: ISO/CD 13623
Title: Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Pipeline Transportation
Systems
Standard: ISO 13847

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Pipeline transportation
systems -- Welding of pipelines
Standard: ISO 14692

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced plastics
(GRP) piping
Chapter-12
18. Mechanical
ASME – American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Title: Unified Inch Screw Threads, UN and UNR Thread Form
Description: This Standard specifies the thread form, series, class,
allowance, tolerance, and designation for unified screw threads.
(In order to emphasize that unified screw threads are based on
inch modules, they may be denoted unified inch screw threads.)
Several variations in thread form have been developed for
unified threads; however, this Standard covers only UN and
UNR thread forms.

Title: Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges: Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound,
and Jacketed
Description: This Standard covers materials, dimensions, tolerances, and
markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound gaskets, and
metal-jacketed gaskets. These gaskets are dimensionally
suitable for use with flanges described in reference flange
standards ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, API Specification 6A,
and ISO 10423. This Standard covers spiral-wound metal
gaskets and metal-jacketed gaskets for use with raised-face and
flat-face flanges.

Title: Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
Description: This Standard covers types, sizes, materials, dimensions,
tolerances, and markings for nonmetallic flat gaskets. These
gaskets are dimensionally suitable for use with flanges
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described in the referenced flange standards.

Title: Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 Through NPS 60
Description: This Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing for pipe flanges in
sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60 and in ratings Classes 75, 150,
0300, 400, 600, and 900. Flanges may be cast, forged, or plate
(for blind flanges only) materials, as listed in it. Requirements
and recommendations regarding bolting and gaskets are also
included.
(5) Standard: ASME B18.2.2

Title: Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)
Description: This Standard is intended to cover the complete general and
dimensional data for the various types of inch series square and
hex nuts recognized as "American National Standard." Also
included are appendices covering gaging of slots in slotted nuts,
wrench openings for nuts, and formulas on which dimensional
data are based. It should be understood, however, that where
questions arise concerning acceptance of product, the
dimensions in the Tables shall govern over recalculation by
formula. The inclusion of dimensional data in this Standard is
not intended to imply that all of the products described herein
are stock production sizes. Consumers are requested to consult
with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes.

Title: Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and Lay
Description: This Standard is concerned with the geometric irregularities of
surfaces. It defines surface texture and its constituents:
roughness, waviness, and lay. It also defines parameters for
specifying surface texture. The terms and ratings in this
Standard relate to surfaces produced by such means as
abrading, casting, coating, cutting, etching, plastic deformation,
sintering, wear, erosion, etc.
API – American Petroleum Institute

(7) Standard: API Spec 6D
Title: Specification for Pipeline Valves
Description: This International Standard specifies requirements and gives
recommendations for the design, manufacturing, testing and
documentation of ball, check, gate and plug valves for
application in pipeline systems.
Page 39 of 91
Valves for pressure ratings exceeding PN 420 (Class 2500) are
not covered by this International Standard.

Title: Check Valves: Wafer, Wafer-Lug, and Double Flanged Type
Description: API Standard 594 covers design, material, face-to-face
dimensions, pressure-temperature ratings, and examination,
inspection, and test requirements for two types of check valves.

Title: Valve Inspection and Testing
Description: This standard covers inspection, examination, supplementary
examinations, and pressure test requirements for resilient-
seated, nonmetallic-seated (for example, ceramic), and metal-
to-metal-seated valves of the gate, globe, plug, ball, check, and
butterfly types.

Title: Metallic Gaskets for Piping
Description: This standard is a purchase specification for metallic, flat, ring-
shaped gaskets for use in circular, raised-face, flanged pipe
joints as described in ANSI B16.5, API 605, and MSS SP-44.
Two types of gaskets are covered: double-jacketed corrugated
gaskets and spiral-wound gaskets. Nominal sizes correspond to
the nominal pipe sizes (NPS) in ASME B36.10M and to the pipe
outside diameter (OD), when NPS is beyond the scope of ASME
B36.10M. Certain sizes of these gaskets cannot be used with all
flange types or flange bores.

Title: Compact Steel Gate Valves - Flanged, Threaded, Welding, and
Extended-Body Ends
Description: Covers threaded-end, socket-welding-end, butt-welding-end,
and flanged-end compact carbon steel gate valves in sizes
NPS4 and smaller.

Title: Lubrication, Shaft-sealing and Oil-control Systems and
Auxiliaries
Description: API 614 covers the minimum requirements for General Purpose
and Special Purpose Oil Systems. The standard also includes
requirements for Self-acting Gas Seal Support Systems. The
standard includes the systems' components, along with the
required controls and instrumentation. Data sheets and typical
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schematics of both system components and complete systems
are also provided. Chapters included are:
• General Requirements;
• Special-purpose Oil Systems;
• General-purpose Oil Systems; and
• Self-acting Gas Seal Support Systems.

Title: Machinery Protection Systems
Description: This standard covers the minimum requirements for a machinery
protection system measuring radial shaft vibration, casing
vibration, shaft axial position, shaft rotational speed, piston rod
drop, phase reference, over speed, and critical machinery
temperatures (such as bearing metal and motor windings). It
covers requirements for hardware (transducer and monitor
systems), installation, documentation, and testing.
ANSI – American National Standards Institute

(14) Standard: ANSI B1.20.1
Title: Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
Description: Covers dimensions and gaging of pipe threads for general
purpose applications
(15) Standard: ANSI B15.1

Title: Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus
Description: The requirements of this Standard apply to any source of hazard
to people from the operation of mechanical power transmission
apparatus on machines, equipment, or systems that are
stationary in their use, other than the point operation. This
Standard applies to the sources of mechanical power, and also
to pulleys, gears, and other mechanical components used to
transmit power to the point of operation. Where other standards
take precedence by specific reference to power transmission
apparatus, this B15.1 Standard shall not apply. Hazards to
people pertain to the rotating, oscillating, reciprocating,
transversing, or other motions associated with equipment used
in the mechanical transmission of power.

Title: Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
Description: This standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of
designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings.
Included are:
Page 41 of 91
Flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900,
1500 and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 with
requirements given in both metric and US Customary Units with
diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units;
flanges fittings with rating class designation 150 and 300 in sizes
NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 with requirements given in both metric
and US Customary Units with diameter of bolts and flanges bolt
holes expressed in inch units; flanged fittings with rating class
designation 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2
through NPS 24 that are acknowledged in a nonmandatory
annexure in which only US Customary Units are provided.
This standard is limited to:

Flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials
and Blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast,
forged, or plate materials. Also included in this standard are
requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting,
flange gaskets and flange joints.

Title: Factory-Made Wrought Butt welding Fittings
Description: This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings,
testing, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel factory-
made butt welding fittings of NPS 1/2 through 48. It covers
fittings of any producible wall thickness. This standard does not
cover low pressure corrosion resistant butt welding fittings.

Title: Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
Description: This Standard covers ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking
and material requirements for forged fittings, both socket-
welding and threaded.

Title: Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges: Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound,
and Jacketed
Description: This Standard covers materials, dimensions, tolerances, and
markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound gaskets and
metal-jacketed gaskets. This Standard covers spiral-wound
metal gaskets and metal-jacketed gaskets for use with raised-
face and flat-face flanges.
Page 42 of 91
Title: Butt welding Ends
Description: This Standard covers the preparation of butt welding ends of
piping components to be joined into a piping system by welding.
It includes requirements for welding bevels, for external and
internal shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation
of internal ends (including dimensions and tolerances).
Coverage includes preparation for joints with the following: no
backing rings; split or non-continuous backing rings; solid or
continuous backing rings; consumable insert rings; gas tungsten
arc welding (GTAW) of the root pass.

Title: Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welding End
Description: This standard applies to new valve construction and covers
pressure-temperature ratings, dimensions, tolerances, materials,
nondestructive examination requirements, testing, and marking
for cast, forged, and fabricated flanged, threaded, and welding
end, and wafer or flangeless valves of steel, nickel-base alloys,
and other alloys. Wafer or flangeless valves, bolted or through-
bolt types, that are installed between flanges or against a flange
shall be treated as flanged end valves.
(22) Standard: ANSI B18.2.2

Title: Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)
Description: This Standard is intended to cover the complete general and
dimensional data for the various types of inch series square and
hex nuts recognized as “American National Standard.” Also
included are appendices covering gaging of slots in slotted nuts,
wrench openings for nuts, and formulas on which dimensional
data are based. It should be understood, however, that where
questions arise concerning acceptance of product, the
dimensions in the Tables shall govern over recalculation by
formula. The inclusion of dimensional data in this Standard is not
intended to imply that all of the products described herein are
stock production sizes. Consumers are requested to consult with
manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes.
(23) Standard: ANSI B36.10M

Title: Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
welded and seamless wrought steel pipe for high or low
Page 43 of 91
Pipe NPS 12 (DN 300) and smaller have outside diameters
number for all sizes.
ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials

Title: Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
Description: This specification covers carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars
of structural quality for use in riveted, bolted, or welded
construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural
purposes.
ii) Supplementary requirements are provided for use where
additional testing or additional restrictions are required by the
purchaser. Such requirements apply only when specified in the
purchase order.
iii) When the steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable
for the grade of steel and intended use or service is to be
utilized.
vi) For structural products produced from coil and furnished
without heat treatment or with stress relieving only, the
additional requirements, including additional testing
requirements and the reporting of additional test results, of A
6/A 6M apply.

Title: Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings
on Iron and Steel Products
Description: This specification covers the requirements for zinc coating
(galvanizing) by the hot-dip process on iron and steel products
made from rolled pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates,
bars, and strips.
This specification covers both unfabricated products and

fabricated products, for example, assembled steel products,
structural steel fabrications, large tubes already bent or welded
before galvanizing, and wire work fabricated from uncoated steel
wire. This specification also covers steel forgings and iron
castings incorporated into pieces fabricated before galvanizing or
which are too large to be centrifuged (or otherwise handled to
remove excess galvanizing bath metal).
This specification does not apply to wire, pipe, tube, or steel

sheet which is galvanized on specialized or continuous lines, or
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to steel less than 22 gauge (0.0299 in.) [0.76 mm] thick.
The galvanizing of hardware items that are to be centrifuged or

otherwise handled to remove excess zinc (such as bolts and
similar threaded fasteners, castings and rolled, pressed and
forged items) shall be in accordance with Specification A 153/A
153M.
Fabricated reinforcing steel bar assemblies are covered by the

present specification. The galvanizing of separate reinforcing
steel bars shall be in accordance with Specification A 767/A
767M.

Title: Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and
Steel Hardware
Description: This specification covers zinc coatings applied by the hot-dip
process on iron and steel hardware. The hot-dip galvanizing
process consists of parts being immersed in molten zinc for a
sufficient time to allow a metallurgical reaction between iron from
the steel surface and the molten zinc, resulting in the formation
of Zn/Fe alloy layers bonding the coating to the steel surface.
This specification is intended to be applicable to hardware items

that are centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess
galvanizing bath metal (free zinc). Coating thickness grade
requirements reflect this.

Title: Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon
Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature
Service
Description: This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel
fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by the
latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79, MSS-SP-
83, and MSS-SP-95. These fittings are for use in pressure
piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at
moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from
these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of
Specification A 960/A 960M. Optional supplementary
requirements are also provided for fittings where a greater
degree of examination is desired.
Page 45 of 91
This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or fittings
machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings are
governed by Specifications A 216/A 216M and A 217/A 217M.

Title: Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength
Description: This specification covers carbon steel plates of low- and
intermediate-tensile strengths which may be made by killed,
semi-killed, capped, or rimmed steel practices. These plates are
intended for fusion-welded pressure vessels.
The maximum thickness of plates under this specification, for

reasons of internal soundness, is limited to a maximum
thickness of 2 in. [50 mm] for all grades.
For plates produced from coil, the additional requirements,

including additional testing requirements and the reporting of
additional test results, of Specification A20/A20M apply.

Title: Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, for Intermediate-, and Higher-Temperature Service
Description: Covers the general requirements that, unless otherwise
specified in the product specification, apply to steel sheet in
coils & cut lengths, metallic-coated on continuous lines by the
hot-dip process.

Title: Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless
Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
Description: This specification covers cold-formed welded and seamless
carbon steel round, square, rectangular, or special shape
structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of
bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes.
This tubing is produced in both welded and seamless sizes with

a maximum periphery of 64 in. (1626 mm) and a maximum wall
of 0.625 in. (15.88 mm). Grade D requires heat treatment.

Title: Standard Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel Nuts
Description: This specification covers chemical and mechanical requirements
for eight grades of carbon and alloy steel nuts for general
Page 46 of 91
structural and mechanical uses on bolts, studs, and other
externally threaded parts.
The requirements for any grade of nut may, at the supplier’s

option, and with notice to the purchaser, be fulfilled by furnishing
nuts of one of the stronger grades specified herein unless such
substitution is barred in the inquiry and purchase order.
Grades C3 and DH3 nuts have atmospheric corrosion resistance

and weathering characteristics comparable to that of the steels
covered in Specifications A 242/A 242M, A 588/A 588M, and A
709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these
steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or
without copper addition.

Title: Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination
of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications
Description: This specification covers the procedure and acceptance
standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination
of rolled carbon and alloy steel plates, ³/8 in. [10 mm] in
thickness and over, for special applications. The method will
detect internal discontinuities parallel to the rolled surfaces.
Three levels of acceptance standards are provided.
Supplementary requirements are provided for alternative
procedures.
(33) Standard: ASTM E23

Title: Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of
Metallic Materials
Description: These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of
metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod
(cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test
specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines verifying
Charpy impact machines, optional test specimen configurations,
precracking Charpy V-notch specimens, designation of test
specimen orientation, and determining the percent of shear
fracture on the surface of broken impact specimens. In addition,
information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact
testing, methods of measuring the center of strike.
These test methods do not address the problems associated

with impact testing at temperatures below -196 C (-320 F, 77 K).
Page 47 of 91
Title: Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
Description: This test method covers the determination of the Vickers
hardness of metallic materials, using applied forces of 1 kgf to
120 kgf, the verification of Vickers hardness testing machines
(Part B), and the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks
(Part C). Two general classes of standard tests are recognized:
a. Verification, Laboratory, or Referee Tests, where a high
degree of accuracy is required.
b. Routine Tests where a somewhat lower degree of
accuracy is permissible.

Title: Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
Description: These test methods cover the measurement of average grain
size and include the comparison procedure, the planimetric (or
Jeffries) procedure, and the intercept procedures. These test
methods may also be applied to nonmetallic materials with
structures having appearances similar to those of the metallic
structures shown in the comparison charts. These test methods
apply chiefly to single phase grain structures but they can be
applied to determine the average size of a particular type of
grain structure in a multiphase or multi constituent specimen.
These test methods are used to determine the average grain

size of specimens with a unimodal distribution of grain areas,
diameters, or intercept lengths. These distributions are
approximately log normal. These test methods do not cover
methods to characterize the nature of these distributions.
These test methods deal only with determination of planar grain

size, that is, characterization of the two-dimensional grain
sections revealed by the sectioning plane. Determination of
spatial grain size, that is, measurement of the size of the three-
dimensional grains in the specimen volume, is beyond the scope
of these test methods.
These test methods describe techniques performed manually

using either a standard series of graded chart images for the
comparison method or simple templates for the manual counting
methods.
These test methods deal only with the recommended test

methods and nothing in them should be construed as defining or
Page 48 of 91
establishing limits of acceptability or fitness of purpose of the
materials tested.

Title: Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought
Iron
Description: These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon
steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and
wrought iron having chemical compositions within the stipulated
limit.
Test methods for the determination of several elements not

included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E 30 and
Test Methods E 1019.
Some of the concentration ranges given in are too broad to be

covered by a single test method and therefore this standard
contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user
must select the proper test method by matching the information
given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method
with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
(37) Standard: ASTM F436

Title: Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
Description: This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ¼ through 4
in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical
and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and
externally threaded fasteners.
The washers are designated by type denoting the material and

by style denoting the shape.
The types of washers covered are:
a. Carbon steel;
b. Weathering steel.
The styles of washers covered are:

a. Circular – Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ¼
through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient
space exists and angularity permits;
b. Beveled – Beveled washers are square or rectangular,
in nominal sizes ½ through 1½ in., with a beveled 1 to 6
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ratio surface for use with American standard beams and
channels;
c. Clipped – Clipped washers are circular or beveled for
use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
clipped; and
d. Extra Thick – Extra thick washers are circular washers
in nominal sizes ½ through 1½ in., with a nominal
thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications
with oversized holes.
AGMA – American Gear Manufacturers Association

(38) Standard: AGMA 9002-A86
Title: Bores and Keyways for Flexible Couplings (Inch Series)
Description: Provides designers and users standard dimensions and
tolerances for inch bores, keys and keyways for flexible
couplings. Includes dimensions that represent the dimensions
and tolerances used within the industry for pre- engineered
couplings, but that can also be used for custom engineered
coupling products.
ISO – International Standard Organization

Title: End-suction centrifugal pumps – Baseplate and installation
dimensions
Description: Specifies basic dimensions and gives alternative numbers and
locations of baseplate fixing holes to suit individual installations.
Covers the baseplate numbers from 2 to 9. The data given are
intended primarily for use with pumps in accordance with ISO
2858, coupled to foot-mounted electric motors for installation on
a foundation
(40) Standard: ISO 8501-2

Title: Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness –
Part 2: Preparation grades of previously coated steel substrates
after localized removal of previous coatings
Description: Specifies a series of preparation grades for steel surfaces after
localized removal of previous paint coatings. Contains
photographs showing examples of preparation grades. The
various preparation grades are defined by written descriptions.
Applicable to surfaces prepared for painting by methods such as
blast-cleaning, hand- and power-tool cleaning, and machine
abrading.
Page 50 of 91
Title: Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
Description: This International Standard is applicable for:
• organizations seeking advantage through the

implementation of a quality management system;
• organizations seeking confidence from their suppliers that
their product requirements will be satisfied;
• those concerned with a mutual understanding of the
terminology used in quality management (e.g. suppliers,
customers, regulators);
• those internal or external to the organization who assess
the quality management system or audit it for conformity
with the requirements of ISO 9001 (e.g. auditors,
regulators, certification/registration bodies);
• those internal or external to the organization who give
advice or training on the quality management system
appropriate to that organization;
• Developers of related standards.

Title: Quality management systems -- Requirements
Description: ISO 9001:2008 specifies requirements for a quality management
system where an organization
• needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide
product that meets customer and applicable statutory and
regulatory requirements, and
• aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the
effective application of the system, including processes for
continual improvement of the system and the assurance
of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and
regulatory requirements.

Title: Bolted bonnet steel gate valves for the petroleum, petrochemical
and allied industries
Description: ISO 10434 specifies the requirements for a heavy-duty series of
bolted bonnet steel gate valves for petroleum refinery and
related applications where corrosion, erosion and other service
conditions would indicate a need for full port openings, heavy
wall sections and large stem diameters. It sets forth the
requirements for the following gate valve features: bolted bonnet;
outside screw and yoke; rising stems; nonrising handwheels;
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single or double gate; wedge or parallel seating; metallic seating
surfaces; flanged or butt-welding ends. It covers valves of the
various nominal sizes.

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation
systems - Pipeline valves
Description: ISO 14313 specifies requirements and provides
application in pipeline systems meeting the requirements of ISO
13623 for the petroleum and natural gas industries. It is not
applicable to subsea pipeline valves, as they are covered by a
separate International Standard (ISO 14723).

Title: Environmental Management Systems
Description: ISO 14001 specifies requirements for an environmental
management system to enable an organization to develop and
implement a policy and objectives which take into account legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes, and information about significant environmental
aspects. It applies to those environmental aspects that the
organization identifies as those which it can control and those
which it can influence. It does not itself state specific
environmental performance criteria.

systems - Pipeline valves
Description: ISO 14313 specifies requirements and provides
application in pipeline systems. It is not applicable to subsea
pipeline valves, as they are covered by a separate International
Standard (ISO 14723).

systems - Test procedures for mechanical connectors
Description: ISO 21329 specifies requirements and provides guidance for the
testing of mechanical connectors for use in pipeline
transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas
industries. The tests specified in this standard are intended to
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form part of the design verification process for connectors. They
provide objective evidence that connectors conform to a defined
performance envelope.
BS – British Standards
Title: Specification for steel wedge gate valves (flanged and butt-
welding ends) for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied
industries
Description: Outside screw and yoke, solid wedge (plain or flexible) rising
stem gate valves, with or without soft seals in nominal sizes
within the range 25 to 600 mm (l to 24in) and Class 150 to 2500.
Covers also carbon steel valves in nominal sizes 650 to 1050
mm (26 to 42 in) in Class 150 and 300 only.

Title: Specification for steel globe and globe stop and check valves
(flanged and butt-welding ends) for the petroleum, petrochemical
and allied industries
Description: Straight, angle and (oblique) Y pattern with flanged or butt-
welding ends in nominal sizes from 15 to 400 mm (½ to 16 in)
and Class 150 to 2500.

Title: Specification for steel pipe fittings, screwed and socket-welding
for the petroleum industry
Description: Forged carbon and alloy steel screwed and socket-welding
fittings. Screw threads in accordance with API Std. 5B. Bore
diameters of socket-welding fittings compatible with BS 3600 and
BS 1600. Substantially agrees with ANSI B16.11, ASTM A 234
and ASTM A 403.

Title: Specification for copper alloy globe, globe stop and check, check
and gate valves
Description: Design, details of body ends, materials, marking and preparation
for storage and transportation.

Title: Specification for steel ball valves for the petroleum,
petrochemical and allied industries
Description: Valve seat and body pressure/temperature ratings, the design,
materials, dimensions, operation, performance, testing and
marking of straightway steel ball valves having specified wall
Page 53 of 91
thickness, antistatic feature and fire tested design. Valves of PN
10 to PN 40 and classes 150, 300, 600 and 800 with a variety of
end fittings.
(53) Standard: BS 6755-1

Title: Testing of Valves – Part 1: Specification for Production Pressure
Testing Requirements
Description: Tests to confirm the pressure containing capability of the shell of
a valve under pressure, and tests verifying the degree of
tightness and pressure-retaining capability of the valve seat(s)
and/or closure mechanism.

Title: Testing of valves. Specification for fire type-testing requirements
Description: Includes the method of confirming the pressure containing
capability of a valve under pressure during and after the fire test.
Cathodic Protection
Title: Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks
Description: The purpose of this recommended practice is to present
procedures and practices for achieving effective corrosion
control on aboveground storage tank bottoms through the use of
cathodic protection. It contains provisions for the application of
cathodic protection to existing and new storage tanks. Corrosion
control methods based on chemical control of the environment or
the use of protective coatings are not covered in detail.
(56) Standard: NACE Standard MR0175

Title: Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil fields
Equipment
Description: This standards presents metallic material requirements for
resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) for petroleum
production, drilling, gathering and flowline equipment, and field
processing facilities to be used in H2S- bearing hydrocarbon
service. This standard does not include and is not intended to
include design specifications. Other forms of corrosion and other
modes of failure, although outside the scope of this standard,
should also be considered in design and operation of equipment.

Standard: API 700
Title: Checklist for Plant Completion
Page 54 of 91
Standard: MSS SP-43
Title: Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fittings for Low Pressure,
Corrosion Resistant Applications
Standard: MSS SP-44

Title: Steel Pipeline Flanges
Standard: MSS SP-55

Title: Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and
Fittings and Other Piping Components - Visual Method for
Evaluation of Surface Irregularities
Standard: MSS SP-75

Title: Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fittings
Standard: ASTM A307

Title: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000
PSI Tensile Strength
Standard: ASTM A370

Title: Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of
Steel Products
Standard: ASTM A450

Title: Standard Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and
Low Alloy Steel Tubes
Standard: ISO 2548

Title: Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps -- Code for acceptance
tests -- Class C
Standard: ISO 3555

Title: Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps -- Code for acceptance
tests -- Class B
Standard: ISO 5199

Title: Technical specifications for centrifugal pumps -- Class II
Standard: ISO 15590

Title: Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Induction bends, fittings
and flanges for pipeline transportation systems
Standard: BS 5352
Title: Specification for Steel Wedge Gate, Globe and Check Valves
Page 55 of 91
50mm and Smaller for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied
Industries
Standard: ASNT SNT-TC-1A

Title: Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A - Non-Destructive
Testing
Standard: AWS D1.1

Title: Structural Welding Code - Steel
Standard: AWS B1.11

Title: Guide for the Visual Examination of Welds
Standard: AWS D1.2

Title: Structural Welding Code
Standard: AWS A2.4

Title: Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, Nondestructive
Examination
Standard: AWS B2.1

Title: Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance
Qualification
Standard: AS 2508
Title: Safe storage and handling information cards for hazardous
materials - Sulfuric acid (up to 98% m/m)
Chapter-13
19. Electrical Systems

Title: National Electrical Code
Description: This standard describes public safety, emergency preparedness,
Code usability, and worker protection. The NEC protects the
public by establishing requirements for electrical wiring and
equipment in virtually all buildings. It includes the latest rules for
electrical installation in residential, commercial, and industrial
occupancies. It also introduces:
• Critical Operations Power Systems with provisions for

electrical security in public and private facilities that must
stay online during a crisis, such as public safety dispatch
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centers and hospital ICUs.
• Electrified Truck Parking Spaces with NEC rules for
outlets to run on-board electrical systems, reducing truck
emissions and fuel consumption caused by idling during
driver rest times.
The NEC is a must for electrical contractors, engineers,

electricians, fire service professionals, safety officials, inspectors,
and architects.

Title: Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants
Description: This recommended practice provides information on electrical
installations in petroleum processing plants. It is intended for all
individuals and organizations concerned with the safe design,
installation and operation of electrical facilities in petroleum
processing plants.
(3) Standard: BS 5345-8:1980

Title: Code of Practice for Selection, Installation & Maintenance of
Electrical Apparatus for Use in Potentially Explosive
Atmospheres
Description: Provides guidance on the use of special electrical apparatus
which is certified for use in explosive gas atmospheres but which
does not conform to any of the standard techniques of protection
as specified in existing standards.

Title: Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.
Specification for intrinsically safe electrical systems 'i'
Description: Specific requirements for construction and testing of intrinsically
safe systems intended for use, as a whole or in part, in
potentially explosive atmospheres.

Title: Electric cables. PVC insulated, armoured cables for voltages of
600/1000 V and 1900/3300 V
Description: Requirements for construction and methods of test for cables for
use in fixed installations in industrial areas, buildings and similar
applications.

Title: Specification for conductors in insulated cables and cords
Description: Requirements for aluminum and copper conductors in insulated
Page 57 of 91
wires and cords
(7) Standard: NEMA MG2

Title: Safety Standard for Construction and Guide for Selection,
Installation, and Use of Electric Motors and Generators
Description: Provides recommendations for the selection, installation, and use
of rotating electric machines in such a manner as to provide for
the practical safeguarding of persons and property. Companion
Standards: MG 1, MG 10
Switchgear and Control Gear
IEC 60038 IEC standard voltages
IEC 60044-1 Instrument transformers - Part 1: Current transformers
IEC 60044-2 Instrument transformers - Part 2 : Inductive voltage transformers
IEC 60044-5 Instrument transformers - Part 5: Capacitor voltage transformers
IEC 60050 International electro-technical vocabulary
IEC 60051 Direct acting indicating analog electrical measuring instruments

and their accessories
IEC 60059 Standard current ratings
IEC 60073 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking
and identification - Coding principles for indicators and actuators
IEC 60079 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 60112 Methods of determining the comparatives and the proof tracking
indices of solid insulating material
IEC 60255 Electrical relays
IEC 60269 Low voltage fuses
IEC 60364 Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60439 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies
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IEC 60445 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking
and identification - Identification of equipment terminals and
conductor terminations
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60664 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems
IEC 60947-1 Low-voltage switchgear and contro gear - Part 1: General rules
IEC 60947-2 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers
IEC 60947-3 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 3: Switches,

disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units
IEC 60947-4-1 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 4-1: Contactors
and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-
starters
IEC 60947-5-1 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 5-1: Control circuit
devices and switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit
devices
IEC 62271 High-voltage switchgear and control gear
Power Transformer
IEC 60055 Paper-insulated metal-sheathed cables for rated voltages up to
18/30 kV (with copper or aluminum conductors and excluding gas-
pressure and oil-filled cables).
IEC 60071 Insulation coordination
IEC 60076 Power transformers
IEC 60085 Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60137 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V
IEC 60141 Tests on oil-filled and gas-pressure cables and their accessories
IEC 60296 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating

oils for transformers and switchgear
Page 59 of 91
IEC 60616 Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers
BS 729 Specification for hot-dip galvanized coatings
BS 2757 Thermal classification of electrical insulation
Cables
IEC 60228 Conductors and insulated cables.
IEC 60332 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions
IEC 60502 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for
rated voltages from 1 kV (Um = 1,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV)
IEC 60800 Heating cables with a rated voltage of 300/500 V for comfort
heating and prevention of ice formation
IEC 60811 Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of
electric cables and optical cables
BS 5467 Specification for Cables with Themosetting Insulation for Electricity

Supply for Rated Voltages of up to and Including 600/1000 V and
up to and Including 1900/3300 V
BS 6346 Electric cables. PVC insulated, armoured cables for voltages of

600/1000 V and 1900/3300 V
BS 6360 Specification for conductors in insulated cables and cords
BS 6469 Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables
BS 6480 Specification for impregnated paper-insulated lead or lead alloy

sheathed electric cables of rated voltages up to and including
33000 V
Rotating Machines
IEC 60034 Rotating electrical machines
IEC 60072 Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
BS 2757 Method for determining the thermal classification of electrical

insulation
BS 4278 Specification for eye bolts for lifting purposes
Page 60 of 91
BS 4683 Pat 2: Specification for electrical apparatus for explosive
atmospheres. The construction and testing of flameproof
enclosures of electrical apparatus
BS 4999 General requirements for rotating electrical machines.

Specification for symbols
BS 5000 Specification for rotating electrical machines of particular types or

for particular applications. Small-power electric motors and
generators
BS 5501 Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres
Miscellaneous Equipment and Codes of Practice

IEC 60129 AC Disconnectors and earthing switches
IEC 60282-1 High-voltage fuses - Part 1: Current-limiting fuses
IEC 60383 Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V
IEC 60478 Stabilized power supplies, d.c. output.
IEC 60688 Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical

quantities to analogue or digital signals
IEC 61260 Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
IEC 61672-1 Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications
IEC 62305 Protection against lightning
IEEE 515 IEEE Standard for the testing, design, installation and
maintenance of electrical resistance heat tracing for industrial
applications
BS 4727-2: Glossary of electrotechnical, power, telecommunication,
GROUP 08 electronics, lighting and color terms. Terms particular to power
engineering. Electric cables
BS 5099 Electric cables. Voltage levels for spark testing
BS 5467 Specification for Cables with Themosetting Insulation for Electricity

Supply for Rated Voltages of up to and Including 600/1000 V and
up to and Including 1900/3300 V
Page 61 of 91
BS 6121-1 Mechanical cable glands. Armour glands. Requirements and test
methods
BS 6121-5 Mechanical cable glands. Code of practice for selection,

installation and inspection of cable glands and armour glands
BS 6360 Specification for conductors in insulated cables and cords
BS 6469-99.1 Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables. Test methods

used in the United Kingdom but not specified in BS EN 60811.
Non-electrical tests
BS 6724 Electric cables. Thermosetting insulated, armoured cables for

voltages of 600/1000 V and 1900/3300 V, having low emission of
smoke and corrosive gases when affected by fire
BS 6746 PVC insulation and sheath of electric cables
BS 7361-1 Cathodic protection. Code of practice for land and marine

applications
BS 7671 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring Regulations.
BS 7889 Electric cables. Thermosetting insulated, unarmoured cables for a

voltage of 600/1000 V
BS EN 10002-1 Tensile Testing of Metallic Materials - Part 1: Method of Test at

Ambient Temperature
BS EN 50262 Cable glands for electrical installations
BS EN 50281-1-2 Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust.

Electrical apparatus protected by enclosures. Selection, installation
and maintenance
BS EN 60079-14 Explosive atmospheres. Electrical installations design, selection

and erection
BS EN 60423 Conduit systems for cable management. Outside diameters of

conduits for electrical installations and threads for conduits and
fittings
BS EN 60529 Specification for degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP

code)
Page 62 of 91
BS EN 60811-1-1 Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables. Common test
methods. General application. Measurement of thickness and
overall dimensions. Tests for determining the mechanical
properties. Section 1: Measurement of thickness and overall
dimensions - Tests for determining the mechanical properties
BS EN 60811-1-2 Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables. Common test

methods. Methods specific to elastomeric compounds. Methods
specific to elastomeric compounds. Ozone resistance, hot set and
mineral oil immersion tests
ANSI/NEMA MG1 Motors and Generators
NACE RP0169- Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged

2002 Metallic Piping Systems
NACE RP0572- Design, installation, operation and maintenance of impressed

2001 current deep ground beds
NACE RP0193-93 External cathodic protection of on-grade metallic storage tank

bottom
Chapter-14
20. Instrumentation System (Refineries, Storage Terminal, Pipeline

Systems)
API- American Petroleum Institute

Title: Process Measurement Instrumentation
Description: Provides procedures for the installation of the more generally
used measuring and control instruments and related accessories

Title: Transmission Systems
Description: Reviews the recommended practices for the installation of
electronic and pneumatic measurement and control-signal
transmission systems. Transmission systems permit operation of
one or more large or small process units from a remote control
center

Title: Refinery Control Valves
Page 63 of 91
Description: This standard provides recommended criteria for the selection,
specification and application of piston and diaphragm actuated
control valves. It also outlines control valve design
considerations, discusses control valve sizing, noise, fugitive
emissions, and defines types of commonly used control valves
and their actuators.
(4) Standard: API RP 554 Part 1

Title: Process Control Systems: Part 1-Process Control Systems
Functions and Functional Specification Development, Second
Edition
Description: This edition of API RP 554 has been reorganized and split into
three documents in order to better define the processes required
to properly scope, specify, select, install, commission, operate,
and maintain Process Control Systems. These recommended
specifications are made for minimum requirements that can be
used as a specification basis.

Title: API Recommended Practice 554, Part 2: Process Control
Systems - Process Control System Design,
Description: This recommended practice addresses the processes required to
successfully implement process control systems for refinery and
petrochemical services. The major topics addressed are listed
below.
Part 1. The basic functions that a process control system may

need to perform, and recommended methodologies for
determining the functional and integration requirements for a
particular application.
Part 2. Practices to select and design the installation for

hardware and software required to meet the functional and
integration requirements.
Part 3. Project organization, skills and management required to

execute a process control project and then to own and operate a
process control system.
The general scope of the material contained has been expanded

to cover general industrial process control topics that are
applicable to both refineries and petrochemical facilities
Although the scope has been extended beyond traditional
Page 64 of 91
refining services, the user is cautioned to fully consider the
requirements of the particular applications and circumstances
that may exist and carefully apply the concepts described in this
recommended practice as appropriate.

Title: API Recommended Practice 554, Part 3: Process Control
Systems - Project Execution and Process Control System
Ownership, First Edition
Description: This recommended practice addresses the processes required to
successfully implement process control systems for refinery and
petrochemical services. The major topics addressed are listed
below.
Part 1. The basic functions that a process control system may

need to perform, and recommended methodologies for
determining the functional and integration requirements for a
particular application.
Part 2. Practices to select and design the installation for

hardware and software required to meet the functional and
integration requirements.
Part 3. Project organization, skills and management required to

execute a process control project and then to own and operate a
process control system.
As such, the general scope of the material contained has been

expanded to cover general industrial process control topics that
are applicable to both refineries and petrochemical facilities

Title: Recommended Practice for Process Analyzers
Description: Process monitors that measures and transmit information about
chemical composition, physical properties, or chemical
properties are known as process analyzer systems. Many of
these systems were first developed for laboratory analysis.
Today they are primarily used as continuous on-line analyzers.
A process monitoring system usually requires a sample

conditioning system, a process analyzer, and one or more data
output devices. Properly designed systems also require overall
considerations as to calibration, utilities, sample disposal, safety,
and systems packaging.
Page 65 of 91
Process analyzers measure chemical concentrations or physical
or chemical properties that can be used as control variables
instead of relying on indirect physical parameters, such as
pressure, temperature, and inferred data from computer models.
Process analyzer systems can provide a significant economic
return when incorporated into process optimization and
advanced control loops or when used for product quality control.
This section will address the non-analyzer specific design factors

that must be taken into consideration in the design and
implementation of all analyzer applications.

Title: Instrumentation and Control Systems for Fired Heaters and
Steam Generators
Description: RP 556 was written to aid in the installation of the more generally
used measuring, control, and analytical instruments;
transmission systems; and related accessories to achieve safe,
continuous, accurate and efficient operation with minimum
maintenance. Although the information has been prepared
primarily for petroleum refineries, much of it is applicable without
change in chemical plants, gasoline plants, and similar
installations.
BS – British Standards Institute

Title: Instrumentation cables. Specification for polyethylene insulated
cables
Description: Specifies requirements for and dimensions of polyethylene
insulated cables in pairs, with or without screens and optionally
incorporating single wire armour or lead sheath with single wire
armour.

Title: Instrumentation cables. Specification for PVC insulated cables
Description: Specifies requirements for and dimensions of PVC insulated
cables in multicore and multipair construction, with or without
screens and optionally incorporating single wire armour.

Title: Quality systems. Guide to quality management and quality
systems elements for services
Description: Guidance on the quality system elements of organizations that
Page 66 of 91
provide services. It is closely linked with service needs and
terminology and will enable management in this field to obtain
and provide quality assurance.
ISA - Instrument Society of American Standards

(12) Standard: ISA 5.1
Title: Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
Description: Establishes a uniform means of designating instruments and
instrumentation systems used for measurement and control. The
different needs of various organizations are recognized (where
not inconsistent with the objectives of the standard) by providing
alternative symbolism methods. A number of options are
provided for adding information or simplifying the symbolism, if
desired. Includes additional information on symbolism for
function blocks, function designations, computer functions, and
programmable logic control.
Establishes a uniform means of designating instruments and

instrumentation systems used for measurement and control. The
different needs of various organizations are recognized (where
not inconsistent with the objectives of the standard) by providing
alternative symbolism methods. A number of options are
provided for adding information or simplifying the symbolism, if
desired. Includes additional information on symbolism for
function blocks, function designations, computer functions, and
programmable logic control.

Title: Process Instrumentation Terminology
Description: Provides guidance for vendor/user understanding when referring
to product specifications, performance, and operating conditions.
It is primarily intended to cover the field of analog measurement
and control concepts and makes no effort to develop terminology
in the field of digital measurement and control. Includes many
specialized terms used in the industrial process industries to
describe the use, performance, operating influences, hardware,
and product qualification of the instrumentation and instrument
systems for measurement, control, or both.
Provides guidance for vendor/user understanding when referring

to product specifications, performance, and operating conditions.
It is primarily intended to cover the field of analog measurement
and control concepts and makes no effort to develop terminology
in the field of digital measurement and control. Includes many
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specialized terms used in the industrial process industries to
describe the use, performance, operating influences, hardware,
and product qualification of the instrumentation and instrument
systems for measurement, control, or both.

Title: Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement & Control
Systems : Temperature & Humidity
Description: Establishes uniform classifications of temperature and humidity
conditions for industrial process measurement and control
systems. The classes of temperature and humidity conditions
stated in this standard are suitable for use in activities related to
process instrumentation, including design, manufacturing, sales,
installation, test, use, and maintenance. The standard is
compatible with IEC Publication 654-1, 1979, Operating
Conditions for Industrial Process Measurement and Control
Equipment, Part 1: Temperature, Humidity, and Barometric
Pressure.

Title: Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement & Control
Systems: Airborne Contaminants
Description: Classifies airborne contaminants that may affect process
measurement and control instruments. This classification system
provides a means of specifying the type and the concentration of
airborne contaminants to which a specified instrument may be
exposed. This standard is limited to airborne contaminants and
biological influences only, covering contamination influences that
affect industrial process measurement and control systems.

Title: Application of Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process
Industries
Description: Formerly S84.01-1996. Addresses the application of Safety
Instrumented Systems (SIS) for the process industries, including
electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic technology.
This standard follows the Safety Life Cycle presented later. This
document is intended for those who are involved with design and
manufacture of SIS products, installation, commissioning, and
pre-startup acceptance testing, and operation, maintenance,
documentation, and testing.
(17) Standard: ISA MC96.1

Title: Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
Page 68 of 91
Description: Covers coding of thermocouple and extension wire; coding of
insulated duplex thermocouple extension wires; terminology,
limits of error and wire sizes for thermocouples and
thermocouple extension wires; temperature EMF tables for
thermocouples; plus appendices that cover fabrication, checking
procedures, selection, and installation.
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(18) Standard: IEEE C37.90.1
Title: Standard for Surge Withstand Capabilities (SWC) Tests for
Relays and Relay Systems Associated with Electric Power
Apparatus
Description: Two types of design tests for relays and relay systems that relate
to the immunity of this equipment to repetitive electrical
transients are specified. Test generator characteristics, test
waveforms, selection of equipment terminals on which tests are
to be conducted, test procedures, criteria for acceptance, and
documentation of test results are described. This standard has
been harmonized with IEC standards where consensus could be
reached.
(19) Standard: IEEE 730

Title: IEEE Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans
Description: The standard specifies the format and content of software quality
assurance plans. It meets the IEEE/EIA 12207.1 requirements
for such plans. Also see IEEE 730.1 i-e Guide for Software
Quality Assurance Planning

Title: Standard for Software Configuration Management Plans
Description: The minimum required contents of a Software Configuration
Management (SCM) Plan are established via this standard. This
standard applies to the entire life cycle of critical software (e.g.,
where failure would impact safety or cause large financial or
social losses). It also applies to non critical software and to
software already developed. The application of this standard is
not restricted to any form, class, or type of software.

Title: Guide to Software Configuration Management
Description: The application of configuration management (CM) disciplines to
the management of software engineering projects is described.
For those planning software configuration management (SCM)
activities, this guide provides insight into the various factors that
Page 69 of 91
must be considered. For users implementing SCM disciplines,
suggestions and detailed examples of plans are provided. An
interpretation is given of how ANSI/IEEE Std 828-1983, IEEE
Standard for Software Configuration Management Plans, can be
used for planning the management of different kinds of computer
program development and maintenance activities.
ISO - International Standards Organization

Title: Quality management systems
Description: This International Standard describes fundamentals of quality
management systems, which form the subject of the ISO 9000
family, and defines related applicable terms.
FCI - Fluid Controls Institute

(23) Standard: FCI 70-2
Title: Control Valve Seat Leakage / Regulator Seat Leakage Set
Description: This standard establishes six classes of seat leakage for control
valves. Also defined are specific test procedures to determine
the appropriate class. Included are classes commonly
associated with double-port, double-seat or balanced single-port
control valves with a piston ring seal or metal-to-metal seats;
commercial unbalanced single-port, single-seat and balanced
single-port valves with extra tight piston rings or other sealing
means and metal-to-metal seats; valves for critical applications
where the control valve may be required to be closed, without a
blocking valve, for long period of time; and resilient seating
control valves with "O" rings or similar gapless seals, among
others.
(24) Standard: FCI 70-3-2004:

Title: Regulator Seat Leakage
Description: This standard applies to pilot operated and direct acting
pressure reducing, pressure relieving (back pressure),
differential pressure and temperature regulators. Selection of a
leakage class is not restricted as to regulator design, but
acceptable values for various commercially available designs
are suggested for each class under Section 4. The standard
cannot be used as a basis for predicting leakage at conditions
other than those specified. This standard is similar to FCI 70-2.
This standard does not apply to pressure regulators as defined

in the following standards:
• ANSI Z21.18/CSA 6.3
Page 70 of 91
• ANSI Z21.80/CSA 6.22
• ANSI Z21.78/CSA 6.20
(25) Other related standards

Standard: API 550
Title: API 550-1:
Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control Systems –
Part 1 - Process Instrumentation and Control
API 550-2:
Manual on Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control
Systems – Part 2: Process Stream Analyzers
API 550-3:
Systems – Part 3: Fired Heaters and Inert Gas Generators
API 550-4:
Systems – Part 4: Steam Generators
Standard: DIN EN 50012

Title: Low-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear for Industrial Use;
Terminal Marking and Distinctive Number for Auxiliary Contacts
of Particular Contactors

Title: Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres -
General requirements

Pressurized apparatus "p"

Flameproof enclosure "d"

Increased safety "e";
Standard: IEC 32
Title: Fire resisting characteristics and tests of electric cables
Standard: IEC 79
Title: Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmosphere
Page 71 of 91
Standard: IEC 529
Title: Degrees of protection for electrical and electronic equipment
enclosures
Standard: IEC 801,2,3,4

Title: Electromagnetic interference/ susceptibility
Standard: IEC 1131-3

Title: International standard for programmable controllers
Standard: IEC 61158-2

Title: Foundation field bus standard for use in industrial control system
Standard: NEMA 250

Title: Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)
Standard: BS 6121-5
Title: Mechanical cable glands. Code of practice for selection,
installation and inspection of cable glands and armour glands
Standard: BS 6346
Title: Electric cables. PVC insulated, armoured cables for voltages of
600/1000 V and 1900/3300 V
Standard: BS 7738-1
Title: Specification for information systems products using SSADM
(Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method).
Implementation of SSADM
Standard: EIA CMB4-1A

Title: Configuration Management Definitions for Digital Computer
Programs
Standard: EIA CMB4-2

Title: Configuration Identification for Digital Computer Programs

Title: Configuration Change Control, Digital Computer Programs
Standard: AECL CE-1001-STD

Title: Standard for Software Engineering of Safety Critical Software
Page 72 of 91
Title: Configuration Identification

Title: Electronic Interchange of Configuration Management Data
Standard: EIA 649-A

Title: National Consensus Standard for Configuration Management
Standard: ESA PSS-05-09

Title: Guide to Software Configuration
Standard: ISO/IEC 12207

Title: Information technology - Software life cycle processes
Standard: BS ISO/IEC TR 15271

Title: Information technology. Guide for ISO/IEC 12207
Standard: BS ISO/IEC TR 15846

Title: Information technology. Software life cycle processes.
Configuration management
Standard: IEEE 1042

Title: IEEE Guide to Software Configuration Management
Chapter-15
21. Civil/ Structural

Title: Standard Specification for Fabricated Deformed Steel Bar Mats
for Concrete Reinforcement
Description: This specification covers material in mat (or sheet) form
fabricated from deformed steel bars to be used for the
reinforcement of concrete. Mats consist of two layers of bars that
are assembled at right angles to each other. Mats are assembled
by welding at the intersections.

Title: Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement,
Plain, for Concrete
Description: This specification covers welded wire reinforcement to be used
for the reinforcement of concrete. Welded wire for concrete
reinforcement has been described by various terms: welded wire
fabric, WWF, fabric, and mesh.
Page 73 of 91
Title: Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement,
Deformed, for Concrete
Description: This specification covers welded wire reinforcement made from
cold-worked drawn or rolled deformed wire, or a combination of
deformed and non-deformed wires, to be used for the
reinforcement of concrete.

Title: Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel
Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Description: This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars
for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils. Steel bars
containing alloy additions, such as with the American Iron and
Steel Institute and the Society of Automotive Engineers series of
alloy steels, are permitted if the resulting product meets all the
other requirements of this specification.
Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels: namely, 40 000

psi [280 MPa], 60 000 psi [420 MPa], and 75 000 psi [520 MPa],
designated as Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], and Grade 75
[520], respectively.

Title: Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
Description: This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing
bars with protective epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic
spray method. The coating applicator is identified throughout this
specification as the manufacturer. Other organic coatings may be
used provided they meet the requirements of this specification.

Title: Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids
in Aggregate
Description: This test method covers the determination of bulk density ("unit
weight") of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and
calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed
aggregates based on the same determination. This test method
is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in
nominal maximum size.

Title: Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
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Description: This specification defines the requirements for grading and
quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or
heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete. It is for use by a
contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the
purchase document describing the material to be furnished.
This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory

materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work
or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than
needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more
restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that
would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain
that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the
area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical
properties, or combination thereof.
This specification is also for use in project specifications to define

the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the
aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those
responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture
shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine
and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate
sizes if required or approved.

Title: Standard Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile
Description: This specification covers structural clay nonloadbearing tile
(partition, fireproofing, and furring). One grade of tile is covered,
designated Grade NB. The property requirements of this
standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from
testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining
conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements
of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale,

or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat
treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment
must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of
this specification.

Title: Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units
Made From Clay or Shale)
Page 75 of 91
Description: This specification covers brick intended for both structural and
nonstructural masonry where external appearance is not a
requirement. The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of
sizes, shapes, textures, and colors.
Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally

occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at
elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop
sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to
provide the strength and durability requirements of this
specification.

Title: Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
Description: These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and
testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily
applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture,
compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of
freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and
determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void
area.

Title: Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-Lime
Brick)
Description: This specification covers brick made principally from sand and
lime and intended for use in brick masonry. Two grades of brick
are covered:
1. Grade SW - Brick intended for use where exposed to
temperature below freezing in the presence of moisture.
2. Grade MW - Brick intended for use where exposed to
temperature below freezing but unlikely to be saturated
with water.
When the term brick is used in this specification, it is understood

to mean brick or solid masonry units. If brick having a particular
color, texture, finish, or uniformity is desired, these features shall
be specified separately.

Title: Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine
Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
Description: This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar
Page 76 of 91
strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate. Comparison
is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with
washed and unwashed fine aggregate.

Title: Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
Description: This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate
their soundness when subjected to weathering action in concrete
or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated
immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate
followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the
salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal
expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-
immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This
test method furnishes information helpful in judging the
soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not
available from service records of the material exposed to actual
weathering conditions.

Title: Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75µm (No. 200)
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
Description: This test method covers the determination of the amount of
material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by
washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are
dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials,
will be removed from the aggregate during the test.
Two procedures are included, one using only water for the
washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to
assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-µm (No.
200) sieve from the coarser material.

Title: Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
Description: This test method covers the determination of the particle size
distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving. Some
specifications for aggregates which reference this test method
contain grading requirements including both coarse and fine
fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such
aggregates.
Page 77 of 91
Title: Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
Description: This test method covers determination of slump of hydraulic-
cement concrete, both in the laboratory and in the field. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
use.

Title: Standard Test Method for Water Retention by Liquid Membrane-
Forming Curing Compounds for Concrete
Description: This test method covers laboratory determination of the efficiency
of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete, as
measured by their ability to reduce moisture loss during the early
hardening period.

Title: Standard Practice for Mixing Thermal Insulating Cement
Samples
Description: This practice covers mixing thermal insulating cement samples
with water in the preparation of specimens for use in all tests on
the cement.

Title: Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete
Description: This specification covers materials in sheet form used for
covering the surfaces of hydraulic cement concrete to inhibit
moisture loss during the curing period and, in the case of the
white reflective type materials, to also reduce temperature rise in
concrete exposed to radiation from the sun. The following types
are included:
i. Curing Paper.
ii. Regular.
iii. White.
iv. Polyethylene Film:
v. Clear.
vi. White Opaque.
vii. White-Burlap-Polyethylene Sheet

Title: Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
Description: This practice covers procedures for obtaining representative
Page 78 of 91
samples of fresh concrete as delivered to the project site on
which tests are to be performed to determine compliance with
quality requirements of the specifications under which the
concrete is furnished. The practice includes sampling from
stationary, paving and truck mixers, and from agitating and
nonagitating equipment used to transport central-mixed concrete.
This practice also covers the procedures to be used for preparing

a sample of concrete for further testing where it is desirable or
necessary to remove the aggregate larger than a designated
size.

Title: Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
Made from Clay or Shale)
Description: This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and
supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the
structure. The property requirements of this specification apply at
the time of purchase.
The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes,

textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended to
provide specifications for paving brick.

Title: Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
Description: This specification covers mortars for use in the construction of
non-reinforced and reinforced unit masonry structures. Four
types of mortar are covered in each of two alternative
specifications: (1) proportion specifications and (2) property
specifications.
When the property specification is used to qualify masonry

mortars, the testing agency performing the test methods should
be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.

Title: Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
Aggregates (Chemical Method)
Description: This test method covers chemical determination of the potential
reactivity of an aggregate with alkalies in portland-cement
concrete as indicated by the amount of reaction during 24 h at 80
° C between 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and aggre gate that
has been crushed and sieved to pass a 300-m sieve and be
Page 79 of 91
retained on a 150-m sieve.

Title: Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry
Description: This specification covers two types of grout, fine and coarse
grout, for use in the construction of masonry structures. Grout is
specified by (1) proportions or (2) strength requirements.

Title: Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to
Portland Cement Paste
Description: This test method covers the determination of the ability of glazed
ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, and pavers to
be bonded to portland cement. This test method includes both
face-mounted and back-mounted tile.

Title: Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
Description: This test method covers the determination of the breaking
strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry
tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.2 (6.4
cm²).

Title: Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to
Chemical Substances
Description: This test method covers a procedure for determining whether,
and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged
exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the
household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe
conditions.

Title: Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units
Made From Clay or Shale)
Description: This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing
brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and
fired to incipient fusion. Four types of hollow brick in each of two
grades and two classes are covered. In this specification the
term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay
masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any
plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep
frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area
measured in the same plane. This specification does not cover
Page 80 of 91
brick intended for use as paving brick.
(29) Standard: ASTM D75

Title: Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
Description: This practice covers sampling of coarse and fine aggregates for
the following purposes:
a. Preliminary investigation of the potential source of supply,
b. Control of the product at the source of supply,
c. Control of the operations at the site of use, and
d. Acceptance or rejection of the materials.

Title: Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete (Bituminous Type)
Description: This specification covers bituminous preformed expansion joint
filler for use in concrete construction.

Title: Standard Specification for Concrete Joint Sealer, Hot-Applied
Elastic Type
Description: This specification covers fibrous glass insulation used as a
thermal & sound absorbing liner for interior surfaces of ducts,
plenums, & other air handling equipment that handle air up to 250
o
F (121 oC).

Title: Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Non extruding and
Resilient Bituminous Types)
Description: This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having
relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release
from compression.

Title: Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
Description: This test method covers the determination of the CBR (California
Bearing Ratio) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base course
materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test
method is primarily intended for (but not limited to) evaluating the
strength of materials having maximum particle sizes less than 3/4
in. (19 mm).
When materials having maximum particle sizes greater than 3/4
Page 81 of 91
in. (19 mm) are to be tested, this test method provides for
modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used
for tests all passes the 3/ 4-in. sieve while the total gravel (+No. 4
to 3 in.) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method
of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error
inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR
test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly
different strength properties than the original material. However,
a large experience base has developed using this test method for
materials for which the gradation has been modified, and
satisfactory design methods are in use based on the results of
tests using this procedure.

Title: Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished
Textile Floor Covering Materials
Description: This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the
determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering
materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled
laboratory conditions.
This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor

coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether
they are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to
apply this test method to unfinished material; however, the results
of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of
a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.
This standard is used to measure and describe the response of

materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors
required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions

Title: Standard Practice for Application of Floor Polishes to Maintain
Vinyl Composition Tile or Flooring
Description: This practice covers the application of floor polishes to maintain
vinyl composition tile or flooring. Floor polishes are applied to
vinyl composition tile floors for protection and beautification of the
floor surface. Cleaning, polish application, removal, and
maintenance procedures are important functions in this process.
Page 82 of 91
Title: Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils
in Place
Description: This test method covers the determination of the California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil tested in place by comparing the
penetration load of the soil to that of a standard material. This
test method covers the evaluation of the relative quality of
subgrade soils, but is applicable to subbase and some base-
course materials. This test method is designed to test in-situ
materials and corresponds to Test Method D 1883.

Title: Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
Description: This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface
burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed
surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with
the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be
evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The
material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted
in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall
either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in
place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from
the back side.
The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative

burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread
along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index
are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship
between these two measurements.
(38) Standard: ASTM F510

Title: Standard Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient
Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
Description: This test method covers the laboratory procedure for determining
the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using an abrader with
a grit feeder. The equipment used in this test method is a
modification of the Taber abraser. The regular ceramic wheels
are replaced by leather clad brass rollers. A grit-feeding device
feeds 240-mesh aluminum oxide grit onto the specimen before it
passes under the leather clad rollers. Using the exhaust system
incorporated in the apparatus, the used grit and abraded material
are continuously removed after passing under both rollers.
Page 83 of 91
BSI – British Standards Institutions
Title: Specification for match boarded wooden door leaves for external
use.
Description: Size limitations, materials, workmanship and construction for
ledged and braced doors, framed and ledged doors and framed,
ledged and braced doors for external use.

Title: Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete
Description: Specifies quality and grading requirements for aggregates
obtained by processing natural materials.

Title: Glass for glazing. Terminology for work on glass
Description: Illustrated definitions of terms related to the cutting, obscuring,
silvering, gilding, staining and bending of glass for building
purposes.

Title: Timber for and workmanship in joinery. Specification for
workmanship
Description: Requirements for the fit of parts in various details of joinery.

Title: Specification for type MR phenolic and aminoplastic synthetic
resin adhesives for wood
Description: Specification and methods of test for close-contact and gap-filling
adhesives used for the manufacture of non-structural wooden
assemblies. Covers a grade of adhesive that is not covered in BS
EN 204 and BS EN 205 or BS EN 301 and BS EN 302:Parts 1 to
4.

Title: Steel lathing for internal plastering and external rendering.
Specification for expanded metal and ribbed lathing
Description: Steel type designations, dimensions and tolerances for steel
lathing for internal plastering and external rendering.

Title: Specification for fixing accessories for building purposes. Fixings
for sheet, roof and wall coverings
Description: Hook bolts, nuts; drive screws; washers; self-tapping screws;
roofing bolts, nuts, clips; roofing screws; sheeting clips. Materials
Page 84 of 91
(steel and aluminium), dimensions.

Title: Specification for wood door frames and linings
Description: For external doors opening inwards and outwards, and for
internal door frames and linings. For frames with wing lights the
window portion is required to comply with BS 644-1. Frames for
fire check doors are excluded (BS 459:Part 3). Construction,
priming.
(47) Standard: BS 1881-209

Title: Testing concrete. Recommendations for the measurement of
dynamic modulus of elasticity
Description: Procedure for determining dynamic modulus using longitudinal
vibration of laboratory specimens.

Title: Methods of test for water for making concrete (including notes on
the suitability of the water)
Description: Describes 2 methods. The tests do not give information
regarding the long-term durability of concrete and an appendix
summarizes present knowledge in the light of which waters may
be judged for their suitability for this purpose.

Title: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing
steel. Bar, coil and decoiled product. Specification
Description: BS 4449 is intended for manufacturers, fabricators and
purchasers of ribbed reinforcing steel (bars, coils and decoiled
products) for the reinforcement of concrete structures. It provides
designations based on the grade of steel, the product form and
dimensions. The standard is used to specify all normal technical
requirements for reinforcing steels, including chemical analysis,
mechanical properties, rib geometry and tolerances on
dimensions.

Title: Bullet-resistant glazing. Specification for glazing for interior use
Description: Performance requirements and procedures for type testing for
glazing resistant to five levels of attack by hand-held guns firing
bullets and one level of attack by shotgun. For use at
temperatures between 10°C and 30°C. Essential infor mation for
installation is also given.
Page 85 of 91
Title: Code of practice for external renderings
Description: Materials, aspects of design, mixes and methods of application of
cement-based renderings to all common types of new and old
backgrounds. Includes advice on the inspection and repair of
defective renderings.

Title: Code of practice for internal plastering
Description: Recommendations for 'wet' plastering using gypsum plasters,
lime/gypsum plasters, premixed lightweight plasters and cement
based plasters. Suitable plastering systems for all types of
background are given, also plasterwork defects and their
remedies. A section on fibrous plasterwork is included.

Title: Guide to accuracy in building
Description: To assist in the avoidance or resolving of problems of inaccuracy
or fit, the assessment of the likely achievement of specified
tolerances, and the monitoring and controlling of work during
construction to ensure compliance with specified accuracy.

Title: Code of practice for earthworks
Description: Applies to earthworks forming part of general civil engineering
construction such as highways, railways and airfields; bulk
excavation for major structures and excavations in pit shafts and
trenches for pipelines and drainage works.

Title: Structural use of concrete. Code of practice for special
circumstances
Description: Deals with situations not specifically described in Part 1. Gives
guidance on ultimate limit state calculations and the derivation of
partial factors of safety; serviceability calculations, with emphasis
on deflections under loading and on cracking.
ACI – American Concrete Institute

(56) Standard: ACI 301
Title: Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings
Description: This specification is a Reference Specification that the Engineer
or Architect can make applicable to any construction project by
citing it in the Project Specifications. The Architect/Engineer
supplements the provisions of this Reference Specification as
Page 86 of 91
needed by designating or specifying individual project
requirements.
The document covers materials and proportioning of concrete;

reinforcing and prestressing steels; production, placing, finishing,
and curing of concrete; and formwork design and construction.
Methods of treatment of joints and embedded items, repair of
surface defects, and finishing of formed and unformed surfaces
are specified.
(57) Standard: ACI 302.1R

Title: Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
Description: The quality of a concrete floor or slab is highly dependent on
achieving a hard and durable surface that is flat, relatively free of
cracks, and at the proper grade and elevation. Properties of the
surface are determined by the mixture proportions and the quality
of the concreting and jointing operations. The timing of
concreting operations, especially finishing, jointing, and curing, is
critical. Failure to address this issue can contribute to
undesirable characteristics in the wearing surface such as
cracking, low resistance to wear, dusting, scaling, high or low
spots, poor drainage, and increasing the potential for curling.
Concrete floor slabs employing portland cement, regardless of
slump, will start to experience a reduction in volume as soon as
they are placed. This phenomenon will continue as long as any
water, heat, or both, is being released to the surroundings.
Moreover, because the drying and cooling rates at the top and
bottom of the slab will never be the same, the shrinkage will vary
throughout the depth, causing the as-cast shape to be distorted
and reduced in volume.
This guide contains recommendations for controlling random

cracking and edge curling caused by the concrete's normal
volume change. Application of present technology permits only a
reduction in cracking and curling, not elimination. Even with the
best floor designs and proper construction, it is unrealistic to
expect crack-free and curl-free floors. Consequently, every owner
should be advised by both the designer and contractor that it is
normal to expect some amount of cracking and curling on every
project, and that such occurrence does not necessarily reflect
adversely on either the adequacy of the floor's design or the
quality of its construction.
Page 87 of 91
(58) Standard: ACI 305.1
Title: Specification for Hot Weather Concreting
Description: This specification provides requirements for hot weather
concreting that the Architect/ Engineer can make applicable to
any construction project by citing it in project specifications. It is
intended that the Architect/Engineer use the checklists included
in this specification to customize the project specification. The
document includes hot weather requirements for production
preparations, delivery, placement, finishing, bleed-water
evaporation, curing, and protection of concrete. Provisions
governing a preplacement conference, concrete mixture
proportions, maximum allowable concrete temperature,
measurement of the rate of surface evaporation, evaporation
control measures, and acceptance of a concrete mixture from
past field experience or preconstruction testing are included.

Title: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and
Commentary
Description: The "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete"
("Code") covers the materials, design, and construction of
structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in
non-building structures. The Code also covers the strength
evaluation of existing concrete structures.
Among the subjects covered are: drawings and specifications;

inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete quality,
mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction
joints; reinforcement details; analysis and design; strength and
serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion;
development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls;
footings; pre-cast concrete; composite flexural members; pre-
stressed concrete; shells and folded plate members; strength
evaluation of existing structures; provisions for seismic design;
structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A;
alternative design provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and
strength reduction factors in Appendix C; and anchoring to
concrete in Appendix D.

Title: Guide to Formwork for Concrete
Description: Objectives of safety, quality, and economy are given priority in
these guidelines for formwork. A section on contract documents
explains the kind and amount of specification guidance the
Page 88 of 91
engineer/architect should provide for the contractor. The
remainder of the report advised the formwork engineer/contractor
on the best ways to meet the specification requirements safely
and economically. It deals with design, construction, and
materials for formwork. Considerations peculiar to architectural
concrete are also outlined in a separate chapter. Other sections
are devoted to formwork for bridges, shells, mass concrete, and
underground work. The concluding chapter on formwork for
special methods of construction includes slipforming, preplaced-
aggregate concrete, tremie concrete, precast, and prestressed
concrete.
American Society of Civil Engineers

(61) Standard: ASCE 7
Title: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
Description: ASCE 7 Standard provides requirements for general structural
design and includes means for determining dead, live, soil, flood,
wind, snow, rain, atmospheric ice, and earthquake loads, and
their combinations that are suitable for inclusion in building codes
and other documents.

Standard: ASTM C57
Title: Specification for Structural Clay Floor Tile
Standard: ASTM C404

Title: Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout
Standard: ASTM C494

Title: Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
Standard: ASTM D698

Title: Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3
(600 kN-m/m3))
Standard: ASTM D1664

Title: Standard Test Method for Coating and Stripping of Bitumen-
Aggregate Mixtures
Standard: ASTM F141

Title: Standard Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
Standard: BS 12
Page 89 of 91
Title: Specification for Portland Cement
Standard: BS 146
Title: Specification for blastfurnace cements with strength properties
outside the scope of BS EN 197-1
Standard: BS 410-2
Title: Test sieves. Technical requirements and testing. Test sieves of
perforated metal plate
Standard: BS 812-104
Title: Testing aggregates. Method for qualitative and quantitative
petrographic examination of aggregates
Standard: BS 1202
Title: BS 1202-1:
Specification for nails. Steel nails
BS 1202-2:
Specification for nails. Copper nails
BS 1202-3:
Specification for nails. Aluminum nails
Standard: BS 1203
Title: Hot-setting phenolic and aminoplastic wood adhesives.
Classification and test method
Standard: BS 1282
Title: Wood preservatives. Guidance on choice, use and application
Standard: BS 1377-1
Title: Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. General
requirements and sample preparation
Standard: BS 4466
Title: Specification for Scheduling, Dimensioning, Bending & Cutting of
Steel Reinforcement for Concrete
Standard: BS 4482
Title: Steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete products.
Specification
Standard: BS 4483
Title: Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete. Specification
Page 90 of 91
Standard: BS 5328-1
Title: Concrete - Part 1: Guide to Classifying Concrete
Standard: BS 5442-1
Title: Classification of adhesives for construction. Classification of
adhesives for use with flooring materials
Standard: BS 5975
Title: Code of practice for falsework
Standard: BS 8110-1
Title: Structural use of concrete. Code of practice for design and
construction
Standard: BS 8110-3
Title: Structural use of concrete. Design charts for singly reinforced
beams, doubly reinforced beams and rectangular columns
Standard: ACI 304

Title: ACI 304 consists of following documents:
• 304R-00: Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting &
Placing Concrete;
• 304.1R-92: Guide for the Use of Preplaced Aggregate
Concrete for Structural & Mass Concrete Applications;
• 304.2R-96: Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods;
• 304.3R-96: Heavyweight Concrete: Measuring, Mixing,
Transporting & Placing ;
• 304.5R-91: Batching, Mixing & Job Control of Lightweight
Concrete; and
• 304.6R-91: Guide for the Use of Volumetric Measuring &
Continuous Mixing Concrete Equipment.
Standard: ACI 315

Title: Detail and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement
F. No. OGRA-5-6(1)/2009
ANWAR ALI SHEIKH

Executive Director (Admn)
Page 91 of 91

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M - 302

The Gazette of Pakistan

ISLAMABAD, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

Statutory Notifications (S.R.O)

OIL AND GAS REGULATORY AUTHORITY

Islamabad, the 24th September, 2009

(2) They shall, come into force at once.

2. Applicability:- These regulations shall be applicable to all industrial plants

3. Definition:- (1) In these regulations, unless there is anything repugnant in the

(i) ACI: American Concrete Institute

(iii) AGA: American Gas Association

This document includes a wide range of internationally accepted standards; however,

The applicability of these standards to facilities, equipments and construction or

7. Fire Protection Facilities

(1) Standard: API RP 500

(2) Standard: API RP 505

(3) Standard: API 750

(4) Standard: API RP 752

(5) Standard: API RP 2001

(6) Standard: API RP 2021 (R2006)

(7) Standard: API Publ 2218

(8) Standard: NFPA 10

(9) Standard: NFPA 11

(10) Standard: NFPA 12

(11) Standard: NFPA 12A

(12) Standard: NFPA 13

(13) Standard: NFPA 14

(14) Standard: NFPA 15

(15) Standard: NFPA 16

(16) Standard: NFPA 20

• Fire pump design;

With broader coverage and additional information, it also includes:

• Information on variable speed drive applications;

Related NFPA 20HB07 - Handbook for Stationary Fire Pumps.

(17) Standard: NFPA 30

Related NFPA 30HB08 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

(18) Standard: NFPA 45

• New requirement for all new laboratories to have an

(19) Standard: NFPA 1961

• Attack hose used by trained firefighters and fire brigade

(20) Other relevant standards are:

Standard: NFPA 780

Standard: API RP 579

Standard: API RP 753

Standard: API Std 2000

Standard: API RP 2016

Standard: API RP 2021

Standard: API Pub 2510

Standard: ICC IFC-2006

8. Pressure Relieving Devices

(1) Standard: API RP 520 (Part I)

(2) Standard: API RP 520 (Part II)

(3) Standard: API 521

(5) Other relevant standards are:

9. Above Ground Atmospheric and Low Pressure Petroleum Storage Tanks

(1) Standard: API Std 620

The rules presented in this standard do not cover all details of

(2) Standard: API 650

(3) Standard: API Std 2000