160M4395 Rev

Krautkrämer USM 100
Operating Manual
Id. No. 160M4395 Rev. - (09/2021)

This Rev. - (09/2021) applies to software version:
1.0 (September 2021)
You will find the software version and the serial number of your instrument
in the About section (see page 104) in the General Settings menu (see page 99).
© Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH | Technical content subject to change without notice.
Overview
Command bar
Switch between Command bar icons Reset envelope curve
Switch to the next panel Select the Gain Step (see page )
Switch to the previous panel Magnify Gate (see page )
A-scan freeze (Freeze, see page 66) Pause data recording
Set the echo to defined screen height

Continue data recording
(AutoXX, see page 66)
Calibrate (record echo) Save reading in data grid
Delete (e.g. reference or data grid) Stop data recording
Krautkrämer USM 100 Rev. - (09/2021) 3

Command bar (continued)
Quick save Export CSV file
Load settings Save screen capture
Save settings Save report
Load data Save multiple page report
Save data Lock the touchscreen operation
4 Rev. - (09/2021) Krautkrämer USM 100

Function group icons
A-Scan Auto Calibration
Material Probe Probe Angle
Pulser Receiver Evaluation
UT Setup Setup (Data Recorder)
Gates Display (Data Recorder)
An alphabetical list of all functions in the function groups

can be found in the UT Function directory (see page 206).

Status indicators
Power level indicators

Reject function is active DAC mode = TCG is active
(see following page)
Freeze active (Freeze), DGS reference echo has

AGT is active
display is „frozen“ been recorded
Angle probe 30° … 90°, flat DGS reference echo has

Magnify gate is active surface, been recorded,
reflection from the backwall transfer loss > 0
Angle probe 30°, curved

Pulser-receiver separation
surface, reflection from the dB REF is active
is turned off
inner surface
Angle probe 80°, curved

surface, reflection from the Calibration reminder
is turned on
outer surface
Angle probe 90°, surface Touchscreen operation
is turned on and set to
wave is locked
through-transmission mode

Internal Second
Battery is charged, remaining operating time in hours (approx. value)
Battery charge level, remaining operating time in hours (approx. value)
Warning: Low battery charge
Battery is empty
Power adapter is connected, percentage of battery charge level (approx. value)

Key functions
5 6 1 Move up on a menu or list,

1
decrement a numeric parameter
2 2 Select an item from a menu or list
3 Move down on a menu or list,

3 increment a numeric parameter
4 Navigate between major areas of the screen

to select items for action
4
5 On the back: Increase gain or move right
6 On the back: Decrease gain or move left

3
2 Note
Keys with the same numbers have the same
1 functions when the instrument is inverted for
5 6
right or left operation.

Contents
1 Introduction Echo display comparison method . . . . . . . .28
1.1 Safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 1.3 The Krautkrämer USM 100 . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Battery operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 USM 100 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Battery transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 USM 100 Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 USM 100 Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Defects/errors and exceptional stresses. . .22 1.4 How to use this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
FCC compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
1.2 Important information on ultrasonic test- Attention and note symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . .33
ing24
Prerequisites for testing with ultrasonic test 2 Standard package and accessories
equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Operator training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2.1 Standard packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Technical test requirements . . . . . . . . . . . .25 2.2 Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Limits of testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement . . .26 3 Initial start-up
Effect of the test object material . . . . . . . . .26
3.1 Instrument positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Effect of temperature variations . . . . . . . . .27
3.2 Power supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Measurement of remaining wall thickness .27
Operation with power adapter. . . . . . . . . . .44
Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws . . . . . . . . . . .27
Using the batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Flaw boundary method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Charging the batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Contents
3.3 Connecting a probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Information line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.4 Inserting a USB stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.4 Operation with touchscreen. . . . . . . . . . 78
3.5 Other connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Executing or selecting a function . . . . . . . 78

Selection lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.6 Starting the USM 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Positioning the gates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Powering On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Powering Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.5 Overview of key functions . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.7 Remote Connection Setup . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.6 Operation with keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Selecting a screen area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Executing or selecting a function . . . . . . . 89
4 Principles of operation
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.1 Main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.7 Multi-color LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.2 Application desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3 A-scan view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5 Operation

Command bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.1 Important basic settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
A-scan representation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Function groups and functions . . . . . . . . . 73 5.2 Saving the settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Main functions sidebar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.3 Loading settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Status indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.4 General settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Measurement line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Contents
Remote Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Envelope Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Amplitude Ruler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
5.5 Measurement line configuration . . . . . .105 Range Ruler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

A-Scan Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
5.6 UT function groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
Color Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
5.7 Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Grid Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Ref. A-Scan Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Gain Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Ref. Envelope Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Transfer Correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Color Leg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Custom Gain Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 FileName Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Auto XX Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
5.9 Material Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Offline Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Part Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
5.8 A-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Display Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Display Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Outer diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Probe Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Probe Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Probe Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Freeze Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Envelope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Probe Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Contents
Probe Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 LED Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Probe X-Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Effective Diameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Magnify gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Delay Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5.10 Pulser Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.12 Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Tasks of the gates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Pulse Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Gate Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
PRF Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Gate A Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
PRF Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Gate A Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Gate A Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Gate A TOF Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Gate A Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Rectify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Gate B Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Dual Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Gate B Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
5.11 UT Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Gate B Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Gate B TOF Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
AGC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Gate B Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
AGC Max Amp / AGC Min Amp . . . . . . . 124 Gate B Start Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
AGC Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 C/IF Gate Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Alarm Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Gate C Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Contents
Gate C Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Gate A Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Gate C Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 5.15 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Gate C TOF Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Eval Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Gate C Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 dbRef Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Gate C Start Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Gate A Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Gate IF Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Eval Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Gate IF Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Eval Points Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Gate IF Threshold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Define Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Gate IF TOF Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 DAC Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Gate IF Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 DAC Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
5.13 Auto Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 DAC / TCG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Velocity Cal Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Offset Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
2-Point Cal Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
S Ref 1 / S Ref 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Offset 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
5.14 Probe Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Curve Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 DGS Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Angle Cal Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 DGS Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
SDH Diameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Probe Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
SDH Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Probe Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Gate A Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Contents
Effective Diameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Calibrating the probe delay and velocity . 145
Delay Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Choice of the measuring point . . . . . . . . 145
Reference Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Calibration with Multi BW . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Reference Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Calibration with Multi Step. . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Reference Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Calibration using dual-element probes . . 148
Amplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 5.17 Defining the probe angle . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Test Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
5.18 dB REF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Transfer Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Recording a reference echo . . . . . . . . . . 150
AWS Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Deleting a reference echo . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
JISDAC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Echo height comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Bold Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
CNDAC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 5.19 DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Acceptance Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Recording a DAC curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Turning the DAC evaluation off . . . . . . . . 155
Cal Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Deleting the DAC curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Defect Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Multiple DAC curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Acceptance Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Echo evaluation using DAC/TCG . . . . . . 157
Recording Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 5.20 DGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Evaluation Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Validity of the DGS method. . . . . . . . . . . 161
5.16 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Settings for the DGS measurement . . . . 163

Contents
Recording a reference echo and turning the 6 Documentation

DGS curve on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
6.1 Test reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Locks, error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
Saving test reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Sound attenuation and transfer correction165
Using multiple DGS curves. . . . . . . . . . . .165 Printing test reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Deleting test reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Turning the DGS evaluation off . . . . . . . .166
Displaying test reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Deleting a DGS reference echo . . . . . . . .166
Probe data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Test report setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
trueDGS angle-beam probes . . . . . . . . . .170 6.2 Screen captures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
5.21 AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 6.3 Data Recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
5.22 JISDAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Switching between views . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Changing the display size . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
5.23 CNDAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Creating a data recorder file . . . . . . . . . . .183
Evaluations according to CNDAC. . . . . . .175
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
Standards and reference blocks . . . . . . . .176
6.4 File management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
File management functions. . . . . . . . . . . .188
Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

7 Maintenance and care 8 Interfaces and Peripherals
7.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 8.1 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
7.2 Instrument care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

USB-A interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
7.3 Battery care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
USB-C interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Transport and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
WLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
I/O interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Battery life and temperature . . . . . . . . . . 194
Disposal of batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
9 Appendix
7.4 Software updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
9.1 UT Function directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Installing an update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Update in case of malfunction. . . . . . . . . 197 9.2 Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
7.5 License upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 9.3 Service contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
9.4 Environmental protection regulations 216

WEEE directive (Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment) . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Disposal of batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Contents
10 Specifications
General features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Environmental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
Data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
11 Index

Introduction 1

1 Introduction Safety information
1.1 Safety information

ATTENTION
The Krautkrämer USM 100 has been designed and Risk of injury due to electric energy!
tested according to IEC 61010-1, Safety requirements
The pulse voltage on the probe ports of the
for electrical equipment for measurement, control and
USM 100 is exceeding 50 V but limited in
laboratory use, and was technically in perfectly safe and
charge.
faultless condition when leaving the manufacturing
works.
Only operate the USM 100 in the defined operating
In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safe ranges (see Specifications from page 219).
operation, you should always read the following safety
information carefully before putting the instrument into Only connect testing equipment conforming to the de-
operation. fined operating conditions (see Connecting a probe on
page 51).
The USM 100 is designed to meet the ingress protec-
tion level IP67 per IEC 60529-1. It can be operated ei-
ther with the corresponding lithium-ion batteries or with
the power adapter. The power adapter meets the re- ATTENTION
quirements of electrical safety class II. The USM 100 is an instrument for materi-
als testing. Any use for medical or any
ATTENTION other applications is not permitted!
This product is not designed nor rated for use The instrument may only be used in industri-
in hazardous locations. al environments.

Safety information 1 Introduction
Battery operation Battery transport

The USM 100 can be operated with the internal lithium- Under IATA international battery transport regulations,
ion battery. The second, optionally usable lithium-ion lithium-ion battery only shipments are classified as dan-
battery extends the possible operating time and can be gerous goods shipments.
changed during operation (hot swapping).
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
Lithium batteries, identified as being defec-
Only lithium-ion batteries recommended and tive for safety reasons, or that have been
supplied by Waygate Technologies may be damaged, that have the potential of produc-
used for instrument operation. ing a dangerous evolution of heat, fire or
short circuit are forbidden for transport by air.
The internal battery may only be replaced by
a factory trained service center. Opening the
instrument case can cause severe damage For more information on transport and storage please
and operational malfunctions. see from page 193.
You can charge the hot-swappable lithium-ion battery

either within the instrument itself or in an external char-
ger. If the lithium-ion battery is inserted, charging starts
automatically as soon as you connect the power adapt-
er to the instrument and to the mains power.
For power supply, please also see page 44.
For battery care, please also see from page 193.

1 Introduction Safety information
Software Defects/errors and exceptional stresses

According to the current state of the art, software is nev- If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of
er completely free from errors. Before using any soft- your USM 100 is no longer possible, you have to discon-
ware-controlled test equipment, it is therefore neces- nect the instrument and secure it against unintentional
sary to make sure that the required functions operate re-connection. Remove the lithium-ion battery.
perfectly in the intended combination.
A safe operation is no longer possible for example
If you have any questions about the use of your test
● if the instrument shows visible damages,
equipment, please contact your nearest Waygate Tech-
nologies representative. ● if the instrument no longer operates perfectly,
● after prolonged storage under adverse conditions
(e.g. exceptional temperatures or especially high air
humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions),
● after being subjected to heavy stresses during trans-
portation.

Safety information 1 Introduction
FCC compliance
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Op-
eration is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This device may not cause harmful interference.
2 This device must accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply
with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to
Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interfer-
ence when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-
dance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference, in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own ex-
pense.

1 Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
1.2 Important information on Operator training

ultrasonic testing The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires prop-
er training in ultrasonic test methods.
Please read the following information before using your
USM 100. It is important that you understand and ob- Proper training comprises for example adequate knowl-
serve this information to avoid any operator errors that edge of:
might lead to false test results. Such false test results ● the theory of sound propagation,
could result in personal injuries or property damages.
● the effects of sound velocity in the test material,
Prerequisites for testing with ultrasonic ● the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces between
different materials,
test equipment
● the propagation of the sound beam,
This operating manual contains essential information on
how to operate your test equipment. In addition, there ● the influence of sound attenuation in the test object
are a number of factors that affect the test results, but a and the influence of surface quality of the test object.
description of all these factors goes beyond the scope Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test results
of this operating manual. The three most important pre- with unforeseeable consequences.
requisites for a safe and reliable ultrasonic inspection
are: More specific information about operator training, quali-
fication, certification, and test specifications is available
● Operator training from various technical societies, industry groups, and
● Technical test requirements and limits government agencies.
● Choice of appropriate test equipment

Important information on ultrasonic testing 1 Introduction
Technical test requirements Limits of testing

Every ultrasonic test is subject to specific technical test The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only re-
requirements. The most important ones are: fers to those parts of the test object which are covered
by the sound beam of the probe used.
● the definition of the scope of inspection
Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to
● the choice of the appropriate test method
the untested parts of the test object should be made with
● the consideration of material properties extreme caution.
● the determination of limits for recording and evalua- Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases
tion. where extensive experience and proven methods of sta-
tistical data acquisition are available.
It is the task of the those with overall responsibility for
testing to ensure that the inspector is fully informed The sound beam can be completely reflected from
about these requirements. The best basis for such infor- boundary surfaces within the test object so that flaws
mation is experience with identical test objects. It is also and reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. It
essential that the relevant test specifications be clearly is therefore important to make sure that all areas to be
and completely understood by the inspector. tested in the test object are covered by the sound beam.
Waygate Technologies regularly holds specialized train-
ing courses in the field of ultrasonic testing. The sched-
uled dates for these courses will be given to you on re-
quest.

Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement Effect of the test object material

All ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are based If the material of the test object is not homogeneous, the
on a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measure- sound waves may propagate at different velocities in dif-
ment results require a constant sound velocity in the test ferent parts of the test object. An average sound velocity
object. should then be taken into account for the range calibra-
tion. This is achieved by using a reference block with a
In test objects made of steel, even with varying alloying
sound velocity equal to the average sound velocity of
constituents, this condition is mostly fulfilled. The varia-
the test object.
tion of sound velocity is so slight that it is only of impor-
tance for high-precision measurements. If substantial sound velocity variations are expected,
then the instrument calibration should be adjusted to the
In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or plastics,
actual sound velocity values at shorter time intervals.
the sound velocity variations may be even larger and
Failure to do so may lead to false thickness readings.
thus affect the measuring accuracy.

Important information on ultrasonic testing 1 Introduction
Effect of temperature variations Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws

The sound velocity within the test object also varies as In present-day test practice, there are basically two dif-
a function of the material's temperature. This can cause ferent methods of flaw evaluation:
appreciable errors in measurements if the instrument
If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the ex-
has been calibrated on a cold reference block, whereas
tent of the flaw, then the sound beam can be used to ex-
the measurement is carried out on a warm test object.
plore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determine its
Such measurement errors can be avoided either by ad-
area.
justing the temperature of the reference block used for
calibration or by taking the temperature effect into con- If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is larger
sideration on the basis of a correction factor obtained that the extent of the flaw, the maximum echo indication
from published tables. from the flaw must be compared with the maximum
echo indication from an artificial flaw provided for com-
parison purposes.
Measurement of remaining wall thickness
The measurement of the remaining wall thickness on Flaw boundary method
plant components, e.g. pipes, tanks, and reaction ves-
sels of all types which are corroded or eroded from the The smaller the diameter of the probe‘s sound beam,
inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge and special the more accurately the boundaries, i.e. the actual flaw
care in handling the probe. area, can be determined by the flaw boundary method.
If, however, the sound beam is relatively broad, the flaw
The inspectors should always be informed about the
area determined can substantially differ from the actual
corresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likely
flaw area. Care should therefore be taken to select a
amount of wall thickness losses.
probe which will give a sufficiently narrow sound beam
at the position of the flaw.

Echo display comparison method The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This
sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of fine-
The echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smaller grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of oth-
than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g. cir- er materials. However, if the sound wave travels larger
cular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, for in- distances through the material, a high cumulative sound
stance, to the roughness of the surface of a natural flaw, attenuation can result, even with small attenuation coef-
or to the fact that the sound beam does not impinge on ficients. There is then a danger that echoes from natural
it at right angles. flaws appear too small. For this reason, an estimate
If this fact is not taken into account when evaluating nat- must always be made of the effects of attenuation on the
ural flaws, there is a risk of false evaluation. evaluation result and taken into account if applicable.
In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrink If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident
holes in castings, it may be that the sound scattering oc- sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is not
curring at the boundary surface of the flaw is so strong available for the test. The larger this initial scattering, the
that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, a different smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the more errors oc-
evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. use of the cur in the evaluation result.
backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation. It is therefore important to take the effect of the test ob-
The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays an import- ject's surfaces on the height of the echo into account
ant part when testing large components. Pay close at- (transfer correction).
tention to choosing artificial comparison flaws which are
as far as possible governed by the same "distance laws"
as the natural flaws to be evaluated.

The Krautkrämer USM 100 1 Introduction
1.3 The Krautkrämer USM 100

Due to its design, the Krautkrämer USM 100 can be
used in most flaw detection applications in a wide range
Krautkrämer USM 100
of industries, including aerospace, power generation,
automotive, as well as oil and gas.
General features
● Truly ambidextrous flip function
● 7 inch color LCD display 1,024 x 600 pixels
● Operation with touchscreen and keypad
● Weighs less than 1.2 kg with batteries
● Two Lemo 00 probe connectors
● USB ports type A (1) and type C (1)
● HDMI/VGA/Ethernet/SD card support through USB C
● Hot swappable batteries
● IP67
● 1 x alarm / analog / trigger out

1 Introduction The Krautkrämer USM 100
USM 100 Standard

● Selectable 10 to 2,000 Hz pulse repetition rate ● Configurable sidebar for placement of critical
parameters
● Square-wave pulser, 50 to 350 volts, tunable 40 to
2,500 ns pulse width ● Alphanumeric on-screen keyboard for file naming
● 2 independent flaw monitor gates ● Support for up to 3 on-device apps at a time
● Guided auto calibration of material velocity ● Software Mentor PC for PC based analysis and file
management
● Probe delay and probe angle
● Software Mentor Create for creating and editing cus-
● Trigonometric calculations with curvature correction
tomized on-device apps
for weld inspection
● Color coded data logger, 10,000 points including
A-scan
● Evaluation modes: Dynamic DAC/TCG, AWS D1.1/
D1.5, dB Ref, DGS, JISDAC, CNDAC
● 200 % amplitude range for gate measurement

The Krautkrämer USM 100 1 Introduction
USM 100 Pro

parameters
● 2 independent flaw monitor gates ● Support for unlimited on-device apps at a time
● Guided auto calibration of material velocity ● 3rd gate, can be used either as gate C or IF gate
● Probe delay and probe angle ● Customizable filter
● Trigonometric calculations with curvature correction ● Waveform averaging
for weld inspection
● Software Mentor PC for PC based analysis and file
● Color coded data logger, 10,000 points including management
A-scan
● Software Mentor Create for creating and editing cus-
● Evaluation modes: Dynamic DAC/TCG, AWS D1.1/ tomized on-device apps
● IOS app to enrich UT data with pictures and geo lo-
● 400 % amplitude range for gate measurement cation of test object for end to end traceability
● Software Mentor PC live for tablet based inspection

1 Introduction The Krautkrämer USM 100
USM 100 Digital

parameters
● 2 independent flaw monitor gates ● Support for unlimited on-device apps at a time
● Guided auto calibration of material velocity ● 3rd gate, can be used either as gate C or IF gate
● Probe zero and probe angle ● Customizable filter
● Trigonometric calculations with curvature correction ● Waveform averaging
for weld inspection
● Software Mentor PC for PC based analysis and file
● Color coded data logger, 10,000 points including management
A-scan
● Software Mentor Create for creating/editing custom-
● Evaluation modes: Dynamic DAC/TCG, AWS D1.1/ ized on device Apps
● IOS App to enrich UT data with pictures and geoloca-
● 400 % amplitude range for gate measurement tion of test object for end to end traceability.
● Mentor PC live for tablet based inspection
● Digital Package 15 months subscription
(optional paid renewal apply after expiration):
data availability, fleet management, private store,
remote collaboration

How to use this manual 1 Introduction
1.4 How to use this manual Attention and note symbols
ATTENTION
General
The ATTENTION symbol indicates peculiar-
This operating manual applies to all instrument versions ities and special aspects in the operation
of the USM 100. Any differences in the functions or ad- which could affect the accuracy of the re-
justment values are marked in each case. sults.
Before operating the instrument for the first time, it is ab-
solutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3, Note
and 4. They will inform you about the necessary prepa- Note contains e.g. references to other chap-
rations of the instrument, give you a description of all ters or special recommendations for a func-
keys and displays, and explain the operating principle. tion.
In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of the
instrument and be able to use the full range of instru-
ment functions.
To find information on a specific function, it is best to
search the Index at the end of these operating instruc-
tions (see page 225).
The specifications of the instrument can be found in the
Specifications chapter (see page 219).

1 Introduction How to use this manual

Standard package and accessories 2

2 Standard package and accessories Standard packages
2.1 Standard packages
Part No. Short code Description
150M5734 USM 100 Standard Instrument USM 100 Standard Instrument Package
150M5734C USM 100 Standard Instrument with CERT Same as 150M5734 with ISO Certificate
150M5735 USM 100 Pro Instrument USM 100 Pro Instrument Package
150M5735C USM 100 Pro Instrument with CERT Same as 150M5735 with ISO Certificate
150M5736 USM 100 Digital Instrument USM 100 Pro Digital Package
150M5736C USM 100 Digital Instrument with CERT Same as 150M5736 with ISO Certificate

Accessories 2 Standard package and accessories
2.2 Accessories
USM 100 Standard accessories AC adapter/charger, 1 x Li-ion internal battery, 2 x

lithium-ion removable battery, external battery
charger, transport case, wrist strap, shoulder strap,
USB C dock, Quick Start Guide, Operating Manual
on USB flash drive. Certificate Of Conformity.
DOES NOT INCLUDE power cord. Power cord
needs to be ordered separately.
USM 100 Pro accessories AC adapter/charger, 1 x Li-ion internal battery, 2 x


2 Standard package and accessories Accessories
USM 100 Digital accessories AC adapter/charger, 1 x Li-ion internal battery, 2 x

148M5839 USM 100 SW OPT, Pro Upgrade USM 100 Standard to USM 100 Pro
148M5840 USM 100 SW OPT, Digital USM 100 InspectionWorks subscription, 1 year
0102985 POWER CABLE 250V 6A 3X1,0 Power cord with EU type mains plug
1,50M lg - (EU)
0102986 NETZKABEL-US IEC/3 125V 6A 3X1 Power cord with US type mains plug
1,50m lg - (NA)
148M5844 WiFi & BT USB Dongle for EU/AU WiFi & Bluetooth adapter for USM 100
152M6576 USB Stick Pulling Tool Mini USB stick easy removal tool

151M4757 Cable extension for USBC Docking Station Cable extension for USB-C docking station
148M5852 Magnetic pipe stand Magnetic pipe stand
151M4758 USM 100 Adapter Cable for USM 100 adapter cable for
MUT-ODI-SINGLEPROB mini quadrature encoder
MUT-ODI- Mentor UT Scanner in Confined Spaces Mini quadrature encoder

SINGLEPROB
0029017 Couplant Couplant
159M0219 I/O open end cable I/O cable (14-pin Lemo to open end)
148M5830 Wrist Strap for USM 100 Wrist strap for USM 100
144M4780 BATTERY_ NB2037QE34 USM 100 battery
148M5842 External Battery charger USM 100 external battery charger,

charges up to one battery at a time
147M3919 Power supply w/LEMO conn for USM 100 AC adapter/charger for USM 100

148M5829 USM 100 Transport case USM 100 transport case
148M5843 USB Type-C Adapter Docking Hub USB-C dock for connecting to external monitor
through VGA/HDMI, SD card/USB & Ethernet
148M5831 Shoulder Strap 2-point shoulder strap
159M0234 Anti-Reflection Screen Protector Screen protector for USM 100
022-505-604 PTPA--CBL MD-00LEMO RA 6' Right angle Lemo #00 to Microdot cable
022-509-819 CABLE,LEMO-00 RT ANG/LEMO-00 Right angle Lemo #00 to Lemo #00 cable
022-509-820 CABLE,LEMO-00 RT ANG/LEMO-1 Right angle Lemo #00 to Lemo #1 cable
022-509-821 CABLE,LEMO-00 RT ANG/KBA 533 Right angle Lemo #00 to dual Lemo #00 (KBA 533)
022-509-822 CABLE,LEMO-00 RT ANG/BNC Right angle Lemo #00 to BNC
081-018-700 PFA BNC-Lemo 00 adapters (qty of 2 recommended)
022-509-749 CABLE,00 LEMO-BNC,6"OAL,SINGLE 6 inch right angle Lemo #00 to BNC adapter cable

022-506-187 PART--CBL 6" DU 00LM-FBNC Dual Lemo #00 to BNC (female) adapter
291-556-200 CBL DU 6.25' MLMD-MLRA00LEMO Dual right angle Lemo #00 to Microdot cable
0110084 KABEL,SEKG 2-GO 2 M STECKER OO - 1 Probe cable: 2 Lemo 00-90° / TR plug
0112730 CABLE Probe cable: 2 Lemo 00-90° / Subvis twin
0112745 CABLE LEMO 00 R SINGLE 0540339 Probe cable: Lemo 00-90° / Subvis
0058160 CTPA--CL331 Probe cable: Lemo-00 / Microdot
0058791 PROBE CABLE,MPKLL 2 Probe cable: Lemo 00 / Lemo 00
0050486 SFPA--MPKL 2 Probe cable: Lemo 00 / Lemo 1
0054999 CTPA--DA 233 Probe cable: 1.5 m long,

for DA 311, DA 411, DA 461
0066893 Cable - 2 M cable length BIS 2M Probe cable: BNC / Lemo 00
021-999-100 SCHOL-UT-L1-L Ultrasonic Testing Level I

021-999-101 SCHOL-UT-L2-L Ultrasonic Testing Level II
021-999-196 UT Levels I &II-Practical Training (E) UT Levels I & II, Practical Training,
a supplement to eLearning
021-999-245 Ultrasonic Testing Level I Ultrasonic Testing Level I
021-999-023 Ultrasonic Testing Level II eLearning Ultrasonic Testing Level II

Initial start-up 3

3 Initial start-up Instrument positioning
3.1 Instrument positioning 3.2 Power supply

Fold out the prop-up stand on the rear side of the The USM 100 can be operated either with the external
USM 100 and position the instrument on a flat base so power adapter or with one (internal) or two (internal and
that you can easily read the display. second) lithium-ion batteries.
If the instrument has been moved from a cold room into You can also connect the USM 100 to the mains power
a warmer one, wait until it has adapted to the room tem- supply if the second battery is in the instrument. Dis-
perature before you power it on (to avoid condensation). charged batteries (internal and second) are charged in
this case, during the instrument operation.
Operation with power adapter

Connection to power adapter
ATTENTION
The power adapter is approved for indoor
use only.
You should only use the power adapter included in the
standard package.
The power adapter is automatically adjusted to every
AC voltage between 100 V and 240 V (nominal).

Power supply 3 Initial start-up
Connecting the instrument

Connect the USM 100 to the mains socket-outlet by
means of the corresponding power adapter. The socket- 1
contact for connecting the power adapter is located on
the right side of the instrument.
– Align the Lemo plug of the power adapter with the
socket (1).
– Push the plug into the socket until it locks into place
with a clearly audible click.
– When removing the Lemo plug, pull the metal sleeve
on the plug back first in order to open the lock.
ATTENTION
In order to power the instrument off correctly,
always use the Shutdown function (see
page 55). If the power supply is interrupted
(pulling out the mains plug while the batteries
are completely discharged), the operation
does not end correctly.

3 Initial start-up Power supply
Using the batteries

The USM 100 has a built-in battery and can be operated
with a second, optionally usable lithium-ion battery in or- 1
der to extend the possible battery operating time. The
second battery can be changed during operation (hot
swapping).
ATTENTION
Only lithium-ion batteries recommended and
supplied by Waygate Technologies may be
used for instrument operation.
Changing the battery

The battery compartment is located on the bottom of the
instrument.
– Slide the cover (2) of the battery compartment to-
2
wards the rear of the instrument all the way open.
– Align the battery so that the contacts (1) are facing
the back of the instrument.
3
– Push the battery with the contacts first into the battery
compartment until you feel the contacts snap into
place at the end.

– Flip up the battery compartment cover and slide it

back to its original position until it is firmly closed.
– To remove the battery, open the battery compartment
as described above and carefully pull the battery out
by the tab (3).
Checking the charge level of the lithium-ion battery

The lithium-ion battery is provided with a battery charge
level indicator. Five squares (1) indicate the level of bat-
tery charge. 1
You can check the battery charge level before inserting

it into the instrument. If one led is flashing, the charge
level is less than 10 %.


Two power level indicators on the screen allow to esti- 1 2
mate the remaining operating time of the instrument.
The left battery symbol (1) represents the internal bat-
tery, the right symbol (2) the hot-swappable second bat-
tery.
The USM 100 is automatically powered off if the opera-
tion is no longer ensured.
ATTENTION
If the battery charge is low, immediately con-
nect the power adapter or switch off the de-
vice. Otherwise, the instrument will turn off
automatically because of low power. All data
and settings will be saved.

Internal Second
Battery is charged, remaining operating time in hours (approx. value)
Battery charge level, remaining operating time in hours (approx. value)
Warning: Low battery charge
Battery is empty
Power adapter is connected, percentage of battery charge level (approx. value)

Charging the batteries Charging status
The internal battery is always charged automatically as All battery charge controls and status updates are inter-
soon as you connect the power adapter to the instru- nal to the USM 100. Updates are given at the upper right
ment and to the mains power. corner of the display as described on the previous page.
You can charge the hot-swappable lithium-ion battery The power adapter is a simple power supply with no
either within the instrument itself or in an external char- charging controls or intelligence.
ger. If the lithium-ion battery is inserted, charging starts
automatically as soon as you connect the power adapt- External charging
er to the instrument and to the mains power.
ATTENTION
Internal charging Only chargers recommended and supplied
by Waygate Technologies may be used for
Charging starts automatically as soon as you connect
instrument operation.
the power adapter to the USM 100 and to the mains
power supply. You can carry out ultrasonic tests and Do not use any other chargers for charging
charge the batteries at the same time. the lithium-ion batteries for the USM 100.
The charging time is approx. ten hours with simultane-
ous ultrasonic testing. If the instrument is not used for ul-
trasonic testing, the charging time is approx. eight
hours. This charging time applies to ambient tempera-
tures of 25 … 30 °C.

Connecting a probe 3 Initial start-up
3.3 Connecting a probe R (black ring) – receiver connection (1)

T/R (red ring) – transmitter/receiver connection (2)
To prepare the USM 100 for operation, you have to con-
nect a probe to it. Any Waygate Technologies probe can
be used for the USM 100, provided the appropriate ca-
ble is available and the operating frequency is within an
adequate range.
ATTENTION
If a probe is connected incorrectly, the con-
sequence would be a mismatching which
may lead to considerable power losses or 1
even to echo waveform distortions.
The probe is connected to the sockets on the right side
of the instrument.
Connect a single element probe with the T/R socket (2).
Connect a dual element probe (having one transmitter
or pulser element and one receiver element) or two
probes (of which one is transmitting and the other one
receiving) with the T/R socket (2) and the R socket (1). 2
Observe the correct assignment of the cables:

3 Initial start-up Inserting a USB stick
3.4 Inserting a USB stick
2 3
You can use any USB stick for data transfer to and from – Slide the lid (1) on the top of the instrument to the
the USM 100. right side until it swings open upwards.
– Insert the USB stick into the socket matching the
type: USB-A (2) or USB-C (3).

Other connections 3 Initial start-up
3.5 Other connections
You can use a USB-C docking hub to connect the – Slide the lid (1) on the top of the instrument to the
USM 100 to the LAN network and connect other periph- right side until it swings open upwards.
erals (monitor, mouse, keyboard) to the instrument. For
– Insert the USB-C plug of the docking hub into the
more information on interfaces see from page 200.
socket (2).

3 Initial start-up Starting the USM 100
3.6 Starting the USM 100
Powering On 1
The Power key (1) is located on the top of the instru-

ment.
– Press the Power key for two seconds.
The software is initialized, the instrument carries out a
self-check and then switches over to stand-by mode.
In the factory setting, after switching on the instrument
and system boot-up, you will see the Application desk-
top (see page 61) with all applications stored in the in-
strument and available for selection.
Depending on the settings (see Startup Application,
page 101), the A-scan view (see page 65) can be dis-
played alternatively. In this case, the application select-
ed as the default is already loaded.
In case the instrument can not be started in the normal
way, you can reset or reinitialize the operating system
with a software update (see page 197).

Starting the USM 100 3 Initial start-up
Powering Off
ATTENTION
In order to power the instrument off correctly,
always use the Shutdown function. If the
power supply is interrupted (pulling out the
mains plug while the batteries are completely
discharged), the operation does not end cor-
rectly.
The settings of all function values and the default set-
tings (language and units) are retained after powering
off.
– Select the Main Menu (1). 1 2
– Tap on the Shutdown button (2).

The system is shut down and the instrument is switched
off.
Alternatively, you can press the Power key on the top of
the instrument (see page 54) for 3 seconds until the
shutdown process starts. A shutdown message is
shown.

3 Initial start-up Remote Connection Setup
3.7 Remote Connection Setup VNC Client

To view and control the instrument‘s screen remotely
The USM 100 supports Virtual Network Computing you must have a VNC client installed on your computer.
(VNC).
As VNC is a standard protocol, any client application
The VNC client displays the screen contents of a remote which supports VNC protocol can be used to remotely
device on a local computer (client) and in return sends control the USM 100. The recommendation is to use
keyboard and mouse movements of the local computer RealVNC or TightVNC.
to the remote device.
You can download the software from the respective site
and install it on your computer:
Prerequisites
https://realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer
● Computer with installed VNC client
https://tightvnc.com/download.php
● USB-C hub with RJ45 connector
After downloading, follow the respective installation in-
● Network cable
structions.

Remote Connection Setup 3 Initial start-up
Network connection
The USM 100 does not have a native RJ45 connector
for network connection.
You can connect a USB-C docking hub with network in-
terface to the USM 100 and connect the hub to the net-
work via its RJ45 connector (see page 53).
The computer with installed VNC client must be con-
nected to the same network.
Settings in the USM 100

An overview of the remote connection settings can be
found from page 104.
– Tap the Main Menu icon (see page 65) to display the
Main Menu (see page 60).
– Tap on the General settings button.
– Select the section Remote Connection.
– Tap the icon on the far right (eye/mouse) to allow full
remote access.
– If you only want to allow the screen display of the
USM 100 on the computer, but no remote control,
then tap the icon in the middle (eye).

3 Initial start-up Remote Connection Setup
Establishing the remote connection

– Check that the USB-C hub is correctly connected to
the USM 100.
– Check that the computer and the USB-C hub are con-
nected to the same network.
– Check that the remote control is enabled in the
USM 100 (see page 57).
– Launch the VNC client, for example the RealVNC
viewer.
– Enter the IP address of the USM 100 in the address
field and press the Enter key.
The connection is established and after a short time you
will see the screen of the USM 100 on the monitor of the
computer.
If an encryption warning message is shown on the
screen, click the Continue button.
If there is a problem with the connection, check the web-
site of the VNC client you are using for possible causes
and suggested solutions.

Principles of operation 4

4 Principles of operation Main menu
4.1 Main menu

1
In the Main menu you will find the basic settings and
functions for working with the USM 100.
1 Return to the A-scan view
2 Application desktop (see page 61)
3 File management (see page 187)
4 Mentor server connection,

only visible if no Application is launched
5 InspectionWorks Connect
6 General settings (see page 99)
7 Shutdown (see page 55)

2 3 4 5 6 7

Application desktop 4 Principles of operation
4.2 Application desktop

Applications contain a variety of UT data display capa-
bilities, guides and illustration as well as text references.
An application’s architect determines its specific con-
tents, the inspection parameters displayed, which pa-
rameters are adjustable by the user, and to within what
range of values a particular parameter can be set.
Applications include one or more panels.
In the factory setting, after switching on the instrument
and system boot-up, you will see the Application desk-
top with all applications stored in the instrument and
available for selection.
Depending on the settings (see Startup Application,
page 101), the A-scan view (see page 65) can be dis- Note
played alternatively. In this case, the application select- The Startup Application function allows
ed as the default is already loaded. you to select an application that will be auto-
matically launched with the last used settings
You can always access the Application desktop via
when the instrument is started (see
the Main menu (see page 60).
page 101).

4 Principles of operation Application desktop
Launching an application
Note
You can launch any application saved in the instrument.
The Startup Application function allows
You can choose whether the application should be used
you to select an application that will be auto-
with its basic settings or whether the last used settings
matically launched with the last used settings
should be applied.
when the instrument is started (see
A number of circles at the bottom of the screen indicate page 101).
how many additional pages are viewable. An open circle
indicates the position of the current view in relation to all
available pages.
– If necessary, swipe the screen to view more applica-

tions.
– Tap on the icon in the upper right corner of an appli-
cation box to display a short description.
– Select Launch if you want to use the application with
its basic settings
or
select Resume if you want to use the application with
its last used settings.
– Tap OK to launch the Application. After a short time
you will see the A-scan view (see page 65).

Application desktop 4 Principles of operation
Installing new applications

If a new application is available, you can save it in the
instrument and then launch it. Application files have the
extension iwp.
– Insert a USB stick with one or more application files

into the socket on the top of the instrument (see
page 52).
– Tap on the Plus icon (+) in the upper left corner of the
Application desktop. A dialog window opens.
– Tap in the field in the upper left corner and select the
storage location USB.
– Tap on a folder symbol to select the directory.
– Tap on a filename to select the file.
– Tap on the Import icon in the upper left corner to
copy the selected application file to the instrument.

4 Principles of operation Application desktop
Deleting applications
You can delete applications that are no longer needed.
Note
Before deleting, you can back up the applica-
tions to a USB stick (see page 188). The de-
letion can not be undone.
– Tap on the icon in the upper right corner of an appli-

cation box to display a short description.
– Tap on the trash can icon in the lower left corner. A
warning message is displayed.
– Select Delete to permanently delete the application
from the instrument.

A-scan view 4 Principles of operation
4.3 A-scan view
4 5 6 7
3
8
9
2
1 10
1 Main menu (see page 60) 6 UT function groups icons (see page 106)
2 Command bar (see page 66) 7 Status indicators (see page 75)
3 Switching Command bar icons (see page 78) 8 Measurement line (see page 76)
4 Panel selector (see page 72) 9 A-scan representation (see page 70)
5 Function groups and functions (see page 73) 10 Information line (see page 77)

4 Principles of operation A-scan view
Command bar AutoXX
The Command bar gives you a quick and direct access

to frequently used functions, regardless of the specific
type of task.
You can automatically set the first echo to a certain
screen height. This function is useful, for example, when
Freeze recording DAC curve points.
You can define the screen height (default = 80%) for the
echo amplitude (Auto XX Amplitude, see page 108).
You can freeze the A-scan, for example for measure-
ments on hot test objects, for measurements in difficult Calibrate
coupling conditions, or for spot weld testing.
When the A-scan is frozen, the icon is colored and a cor-
responding status indicator is displayed above the A-
During calibration this function is used to record the
scan (see page 6 at the beginning of the operating man-
backwall echoes from the calibration block.
ual).
You can define the Freeze Mode (see page 111).

Clear Magnify Gate
You can deleted the calibrated data including the probe This function causes the selected gate to span over the
delay, velocity, probe angle, and x-value. entire displayed range. You can select the gate for this
function (see page 125).
This function can also be used to delete a recorded
evaluation reference value or curve.
Data Recorder
Envelope
With these functions you can save data to the data grid
and pause, continue and stop the Data Recorder (see
With this function you can reset the envelope curve.
from page 181).
Gain Step
Quick save
You can change the step size for quick gain adjustment
You can save data, settings, and a screen capture to-
using the keys on the back of the instrument. The first
gether. Quick save data are saved in the default direc-
steps are fixed, the last step can be set individually with
tory.
the function Custom Gain Step (see page 108).

Load settings Load data
You can load and use instrument settings saved in a file. You can load UT settings and data together. The A-scan
The instrument settings are immediately active after will be redrawn on the screen.
loading (see page 98).
Save data
Save settings
You can save UT settings and data together.

You can save the current instrument settings to a file in
the device memory or on an inserted USB stick (see Screen capture
page 97).
You can save an image of the entire screen. Screen

captures are saved in the default directory. The file
name is generated automatically and consists of the
name of the current application, the date and the time,
for example USM100_Standard_2021-03-02_16.09.49.

Save report Lock
You can save a single test report. A test report can con- You can lock the touchscreen to prevent unintended op-
tain different information and data, as well as screen eration. When the lock is active, the icon is colored and
captures. Test reports are saved in the default directory. a corresponding status indicator is displayed above the
A-scan (see page 6 at the beginning of the operating
Save multiple page report manual).
When locked, this icon is the only function where touch-
screen actions are recognized.
You can save a multiple page test report. Multiple page

test reports are saved in the default directory.

A-scan representation A-scan display in the normal mode:
The USM 100 has a high-resolution display screen for

the display of the A-scan. The A-scan can be displayed
in normal mode or in zoom mode.
In the zoom mode, the measurement line is not visible.
The gain can then only be adjusted with the keys on the
back of the instrument, not with the function at the top
left of the screen.
To toggle between the normal and the zoomed A-scan
display, double-tap in the A-scan.
A-scan display in the zoom mode:

Gates Gate display in the normal mode:
The gates are displayed as colored areas in the A-scan.

With the function Magnify gate (see page 67) in the
Command bar you can span a selected gate over the
entire displayed range.
You can select the gate for this function (see page 125).
Gate display in the Magnify gate mode:

Panel selector
2 3 4
Applications (see page 61) include one or more panels
containing, among others, a variety of UT data display
capabilities, guides, and references.
An application’s architect determines its specific con-
tents, the inspection parameters displayed, which pa-
1
rameters are adjustable by the user, and to within what
range of values a particular parameter can be set.
The function groups with their individual functions (3)
are divided into different application-specific panels for
a better overview. Some function groups can be found
on several panels, others only on a single one.
The possible selection of function groups (4) always de-
pends on the currently selected panel (2).
You can switch between panels
● either by tapping the arrow icons (1)
● or by tapping the name of the current panel (2) and
then tapping another name in the list.

Function groups and functions

1 2 3
The icons (3) for selecting a function group are always
displayed in the A-scan when you briefly tap in the A-
scan. After a short time, the icons are automatically hid-
den again.
The functions (1) of a function group are displayed when
you tap the corresponding icon. The icon of the currently
selected function group is colored.
The name (2) of the selected function group is shown
above the functions.
If you tap on the icon again, the function group will be
hidden again.

Main functions sidebar

1 2
Independent of individual function groups, you can
quickly access the main functions (2) of a specific panel
(1) by sliding the sidebar from the left edge of the A-scan
into the screen (see page 79).
You can close the sidebar by sliding it back.

Gain
2 3 4
The current gain value (2) and the selected dB step val-
ue (3) are always displayed in the top left corner above
the A-scan.
You can change the step size for quick gain adjustment
with the function Gain step (1) in the Command bar
(see page 67).
Status indicators
Above the A-scan is the area for various status indica-
tors. The status indicators inform about active functions 1
and certain settings (see page 6 at the beginning of the
operating manual).

Measurement line
1 2 3
The measurement line on top of the A-scan shows a
number of measurement readings (1), also one or two
specific functions (3). Size and number of the boxes de-
pend on the currently selected panel (see page 72).
In addition to the measurement reading, the measuring
point (peak or flank) is displayed with a symbol in sound
path measurements:
^ = measuring point Peak
/ = measuring point Flank or first flank crossing the gate
Examples:
SA^ = sound path in gate A, measuring point Peak
SA/ = sound path in gate A, measuring point Flank
You can configure the individual boxes of the measure- Note

ment line (see page 105). The measuring point for amplitude is marked
at the bottom edge of the gate by a triangle
pointing upwards (2), the measuring point for
distance is marked by a triangle pointing
downwards.

Information line
The information line at the bottom of the screen shows Example: Information on the current application
various information, notes, instructions and warnings
depending on the situation.
You can tap on an instruction or warning to hide it.
Example: Instruction for calibration
Example: Warning

4 Principles of operation Operation with touchscreen
4.4 Operation with touchscreen
Executing or selecting a function
Command bar
The Command bar gives you a quick and direct access
to frequently used functions, regardless of the specific
type of task (see page 66). 3 4
– Tap on an icon (1) of the Command bar to execute

the corresponding function. 2
– Swipe the Command bar up or down to display the
icons of additional functions.
– Tap the Waygate icon (3) at the top to switch between
Command bar icons.
– Tap the arrow icons (2) to select another panel (4). 1
The icons displayed in the Command bar change ac-
cordingly.

Operation with touchscreen 4 Principles of operation
Function groups and main functions sidebar

All functions are arranged in function groups. The pos- 1 2 3
sible selection of function groups always depends on
the currently selected panel (see page 72).
– Tap in the A-scan to display the available function

group icons (3).
– Tap on a function group icon to display the function
group (2) with the associated functions.
– Tap on a function name (1) to set a parameter (see
page 82) or execute a function.
Independent of individual function groups, you can

quickly access the main functions of a panel.
– Tap the left edge of the A-scan and swipe to the right.
The main functions slide into the screen (see
page 74).
– Tap on the functions and swipe to the left to hide the
main functions again.

Gain functions
There is no icon in the A-scan for the function group
Gain with the gain functions. The function group Gain
for setting the gain and the related functions is always
accessible, regardless of the selected panel.
1 2 3
– Above the A-scan, tap the box (3) that displays the
gain. The function group Gain (2) is displayed.
– Tap on a function name (1) to set a parameter (see
page 82) or execute a function.
– To change the Gain Step value, tap on the icon (4) in
the Command bar.

Functions in the measurement line

The measurement line on top of the A-scan may also
show one or two specific functions (1). You can set 1
these functions directly without having to go via the
function groups.
– Tap on a function name to set a parameter (see

page 82) or execute the function.

Settings
Many functions are parameters for which you can set a
value, for example the Display Range.
– Select the panel Setup and display the function 1

group A-scan (see page 79). The functions and their
current settings are displayed.
– Tap on the function Display Range (1). The value se-
lector is displayed.
– Swipe the selector up or down to show the possible 2
values. The highlighted value in the center (3) is ap-
plied immediately without further saving. Depending
on the parameter, the effect is immediately visible in
the A-scan.
– Tap the calculator icon (2). A numeric keypad is dis- 3
played.
– Tap the digits to enter the required value. 4
– Tap OK (4) to complete the entry. The numeric key-
pad is hidden and the value is applied.
– Tap the function name (1) to close the value selector.

Selection lists
For various functions, you can select the desired setting
from a list, for example the Probe Name.
1
– Select the panel Setup and display the function
group Material probe (see page 79). The functions
and their current settings are displayed. 2
– Tap on the function Probe Name (1). The list of probe
names is displayed.
– Swipe the list up or down to see all list entries. 3
– Tap on the required name (4). The name is immedi-
ately applied to the function (2).
– Tap the function name (1) to close the list.
– Tap the icon of the function group (3) in the A-scan to 4
close the function group, or select another function
group.

Incompatible settings
When the values for two or more related functions or pa-
rameters create an incompatibility, the functions with in-
compatible settings are highlighted by a red back-
ground.
This incompatibility can occur, for instance, between the
gate start and gate width, or if the PRF is too high and
the gate is too far out in time.
If functions in different function groups are affected, the
icons of the involved function groups are also highlight-
ed in red.
– Select one of the highlighted functions and change

the setting.
– If necessary, go to another function group to check
the setting of the other function involved.

Locked functions
Individual functions may be locked. It is then not possi-
ble to change their settings. Locked functions can be
identified by the lock symbol near the function name.
Reasons for locked functions can be:
● The application’s architect intended the value to be
observed but not altered.
● The display is frozen manually (see page 66) or auto-
matically (see page 111). When frozen, all functions
that affect only live data are locked.
● The value of a function is set automatically by the in-
strument, for example if PRF Mode is set to Auto,
then PRF Value cannot be changed.

Positioning the gates

You can move and adjust the gates directly on the
touchscreen.
– To move the entire gate, touch the center of the gate.

The gate border is highlighted. 1
– Slide the gate to the desired position.

– To change the start or end position or the threshold,
touch the respective edge of the gate. The edge is
highlighted (1).
– Drag the edge to the desired position.
Alternatively, you can position the gates exactly by en-

tering the numerical position values (see page 126).

Overview of key functions 4 Principles of operation
4.5 Overview of key functions

The USM 100 is designed for convenient touchscreen
operation. Nevertheless, all settings and operating pro-
cedures can alternatively also be performed with the
keys (see page 88). The fastest way to set the gain is
with the keys on the back.
1 5 6
1 Move up on a menu or list,
decrement a numeric parameter
2 Select an item from a menu or list 2
3 Move down on a menu or list,

3
increment a numeric parameter
4 Navigate between major areas of the screen

to select items for action 4
5 On the back: Increase gain or move right
6 On the back: Decrease gain or move left 3
Note
2
Keys with the same numbers have the same
functions when the instrument is inverted for
right or left operation. 1
5 6

4 Principles of operation Operation with keys
4.6 Operation with keys

If it is not possible or not desired to operate an element
on the screen, for example an icon or a function, by tap-
ping, you can mark the respective areas on the screen
with the keys and then execute the corresponding ac-
tions with the keys as well.
Selecting a screen area

2
You can select the various screen areas consecutively
in order to perform further actions afterwards.
Krautkrämer
– Press the red key (1) briefly to start the selection. A

1
screen area is marked with a red frame (2).
– Press the key repeatedly to mark the next element or
area.

Operation with keys 4 Principles of operation
Executing or selecting a function

You must first select a screen area (see page 88).
If it concerns a single function, you can immediately ex-
ecute or set this function in the next step. If the selected
area contains several functions, you must first select the
desired function and can then execute or set the func-
tion.
3 4
– Press the red key repeatedly to mark the Gain area
(see page 88).
– Press the black center key (2) to display the associ-
ated functions. 2 Krautkrämer
– Press the upper (3) or the lower (1) black key to mark
the desired function (4).
– Press the black center key (2) to execute or set the 1
function.

Command bar
You can operate the Command bar with the keys as
well.
– Press the red key repeatedly to mark the Waygate 4 5

icon (5).
– Press the black center key (3) to access the Com-
mand bar.
3 Krautkrämer
– Press the upper (4) or the lower (2) black key to mark
the desired function (1).
– Press the black center key (3) to execute the function. 2

Operation with keys 4 Principles of operation
Function groups and functions

You can select function groups and functions with the
keys as well. The possible selection of function groups
always depends on the currently selected panel (see
page 72).
3 4 5
– Press the red key repeatedly to mark the whole A-
scan area (5).
– Press the black center key (2) to display the function
group icons. The first icon is selected (4). 2 Krautkrämer
– Press the upper (3) or the lower (1) black to select an-
other icon.
– Press the black center key to display the function 1
group.
– Press the upper or the lower black to select the re-
quired function.
– Press the black center key to set or execute the func-
tion.

Settings
You can set the value of a function with the keys as well,
for example the Display Range.
3 4
– Select the function Display Range from the function
group A-scan (see page 91). The value selector is
displayed.
– Press the upper (3) or the lower (1) black to highlight 2 Krautkrämer
the required value (4).

– Press the black center key (2) to set the highlighted
value for the function.
1
– Press the upper or the lower black to select another
function.
– Press the red key to select another screen area.

Multi-color LED 4 Principles of operation
4.7 Multi-color LED

The multi-color LED (1) next to the screen gives you var-
ious information about the device status and special
1
events.
With the instrument switched off:
Blue The batteries are charged Krautkrämer USM 100
Off Power adapter not connected
With the instrument switched on:
Green Powering on, normal operation
Cyan The batteries are being charged
Red Gate alarm

4 Principles of operation Multi-color LED

Operation 5

5 Operation Important basic settings
5.1 Important basic settings

Before you start working with the USM 100, you should
configure the most important basic settings.
From the General settings (see page 99): From the function group Gates (see page 126):
● System settings (see page 100) ● Gate A TOF Mode selection (see page 128)
● Date and Time settings (see page 102)

● Regional settings (see page 103) For displaying measurement values above the A-scan:
● Measurement line configuration (see page 105)
From the function group A-Scan (see page 109):

● A-Scan Color selection (see page 113)
● Grid Color selection (see page 113)
● Grid selection (see page 112)

Saving the settings 5 Operation
5.2 Saving the settings

You can save the current instrument settings to a file in
the device memory or on an inserted USB stick (see
page 52). The filename extension is .ups.
Note
The filename must not contain any of the fol-
lowing characters: / \ : * ? „ < > |
– From the Command bar tap the Save settings icon

(see page 68). A dialog box opens.
– Tap in the field Name. A keyboard is displayed.
– Enter the name for the file.
– Tap on the keyboard symbol at the bottom right of the
keyboard to hide the keyboard again.
– Tap in the field Location and select the storage loca-
tion USB or USM100.
– Tap on Save to save the file in the selected location.

5 Operation Loading settings
5.3 Loading settings

You can load and use instrument settings saved in a
.ups file. The instrument settings are immediately active
after loading.
Note
The settings must match the currently loaded
application. Otherwise an error message is
displayed.
– From the Command bar tap the Load settings icon

(see page 68). A dialog box opens.
– Tap in the field Location and select the storage loca-
tion USB or USM100.
– Tap on a filename to select the file.
– Tap on Load to load the instrument settings from the
selected file.

General settings 5 Operation
5.4 General settings

You find all general instrument settings in the General
settings menu.
– Tap the Main Menu icon (see page 65) to display the
Main Menu (see page 60).
– Tap on the General settings button.

5 Operation General settings
System
Color Scheme
You can switch between LIGHT and DARK to match the
color scheme on the screen to the working environment.
The screen colors are switched immediately.
You can set the color of the A-scan separately (see
page 113) as well as the grid color (see page 113).
Screen Brightness
You can adjust the screen brightness to your working
environment with the slider. The setting is visible imme-
diately.
Note
Change to the higher brightness value re-
duces the time in battery operation (see
page 194).
You can extend the operating time with the
BackLight Time function (see page 101).

BackLight Time Autostart to PCLive

The backlight of the screen requires a relatively large When connected via LAN network the dedicated soft-
amount of energy. To save energy, you can select a ware USM 100 PC can be used, besides other things, to
time period after which the backlight is automatically control the instrument.
turned off when there is no key press or tap on the
Normally, the connection is turned on manually. With
touchscreen.
this function you can activate the automatic connection
when starting the instrument.
Startup Application
The prerequisite for this is an established LAN connec-
You can select an application that will be automatically tion when starting the USM 100.
launched with the last used settings when the instru-
ment is started.
Screen Orientation
If you select NONE, you must first select an application
You can configure the instrument for right-handed
after each start of the instrument (see page 61).
(RIGHT) or left-handed operation (LEFT), referred to
the probe. The screen display is then rotated through
180° and the keys on the front can be operated easily
with the other hand.

Date and Time Date Format

You can choose the format for displaying the date on the
ATTENTION screen and in reports.
Always ensure that you are using the correct MM = Month in numbers
date and time for documentation purposes.
Remember to adjust accordingly for Daylight MMM = Month abbreviated to 3 letters
Savings. DD = Day of the month in numbers
YY = Year in 2 numbers
Date
YYYY = Year in 4 numbers
The date is set automatically after connecting the instru-
ment to the Internet via LAN (see page 201) or WLAN
(see page 202). You cannot change the displayed date. Time Format
You can choose the format for displaying the time on the
Time screen and in reports.
The time is set automatically after connecting the instru- 12H = (for example 09:30 PM)
ment to the Internetvia LAN (see page 201) or WLAN
24H = (for example 21:30)
(see page 202). You cannot change the displayed time.
Time Zone
You must select the appropriate time zone to use the
correct date and time settings.

Regional
Language
You can select the language for the screen texts. The
language is changed immediately.
Distance Units
You can switch the distance units between METRIC and
INCHES any time. All values are adjusted accordingly.
Decimal
You can choose the decimal separator mark. All data
are displayed and saved using the selected decimal
separator.
Temperature Units
You can switch the temperature units between C (Cel-
sius) and F (Fahrenheit) any time. All values are adjust-
ed accordingly.

License Allow Remote Access
You can import licenses, which will then unlock addition- You can allow the remote access via the network either
al functions for your instrument. For this you need a val- for viewing the screen only (eye icon) or for full remote
id license file (extension .mlp). control (eye/mouse icon) of the USM 100. If the X icon
is marked, the remote access is blocked.
For the complete license upgrade procedure see
page 198.
Remote Command
This function is reserved for service tasks.
Remote Connection
The USM 100 supports Virtual Network Computing Updates
(VNC).
Software updates are available via InspectionWorks.
The VNC client displays the screen contents of a remote
Please check for latest update before using the instru-
device on a local computer (client) and in return sends
ment.
keyboard and mouse movements of the local computer
to the remote device. For the update procedure see page 196.
The settings in the Remote Connection section allow
you to configure the instrument for remote control via a About
network.
In the About section you will find information about the
For the complete remote connection setup procedure instrument and the currently installed software.
see page 56.
This information is important, for example, in connection
with updates or when communicating with the customer
service.

Measurement line configuration 5 Operation
5.5 Measurement line configuration

You can select which measurement values are dis- 1
played in the different boxes of the measurement line.
You can make the selection separately for each box.
– Tap on a box (1) in the measurement line. A dialog

box opens.
– In the left column, select a category, for example
DAC/TCG.
– In the middle column, select a measurement value.
The right column displays information about the se-
lected value.
– Tap on OK to save the selection. The selected mea-
surement value is displayed in the box.

5 Operation UT function groups
5.6 UT function groups Icon Name Page
In the following chapters, the functions are described no icon Gain 107
according to their order in the respective function group,
or in the context of certain tasks, for example calibration.
A-Scan 109
Some functions are included in several function groups
for reasons of more efficient operation. It does not mat-
ter in which function group you operate these functions. Material Probe 116
The available function groups and functions depend on
the panels (see page 72) set up in the loaded applica-
tion (see page 61).
Pulser Receiver 119
Note
UT Setup 123
A quick way to find information about a par-
ticular function is to use the Index at the end
of this manual (see page 225). Gates 126
The UT Function directory gives you an al-

phabetical overview of all UT functions with Auto Calibration 135
assignment to the various function groups
(see page 206).
Probe Angle 136
Evaluation 138

Gain 5 Operation
5.7 Gain Gain

You can use the gain to adjust the sensitivity necessary
The function group Gain is always accessible, regard-
for making echoes from reflectors to be detected visible
less of the selected panel. The current gain value and
on the display screen at the required height.
the selected dB step value are always displayed in the
top left corner above the A-scan (see page 75).
– Press the keys on the back of the instrument to in-
crease or decrease the gain
or
tap on Gain to set the gain value exactly.
Gain Step
By pressing the keys on the back of the instrument, you
will always set the gain by a certain dB increment. You
can define this dB increment.
Note
You can define the dB increment of the high-
est level with the function Custom Gain
Step (see page 108).

5 Operation Gain
Transfer Correction Auto XX Amplitude

If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident You can set the desired screen height (default = 80%)
sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is not for the echo amplitude, when using the AutoXX function
available for the test. The larger this initial scattering, the (see page 66).
smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the more errors oc-
cur in the evaluation result.
Offline Gain
It is therefore important to take the effect of the test ob-
ject’s surfaces on the height of the echo into account. The Offline Gain value is applied to a frozen B-scan or
C-scan image.
You can determine the value for the transfer correction
by experiment. For more details on this, please read the
corresponding technical literature of the national train-
ing centers for nondestructive testing.
Custom Gain Step

You can define the dB increment of the highest level se-
lectable in the function Gain Step (see page 107).

A-Scan 5 Operation
5.8 A-Scan Display Range

The display range must be adjusted to the sound veloc-
This function group provides all important settings for
ity used (function Velocity) and to the connected probe
the A-scan representation. You have to set the sound
(function Probe Delay).
velocity and the display range according to the material
and the dimensions of the test piece. The probe delay The adjustment range for display range depends on the
must likewise be set. Velocity setting (see page 110) and on the Frequency
(see page 118) setting in the function group Material
Probe.
Note
For an exact adjustment of the sound veloci-
ty and the probe delay, please start by read-
ing the Calibration chapter (see page 145).

5 Operation A-Scan
Display Delay Velocity

You can use this function to choose whether to display You can use the function Velocity to set the sound ve-
the adjusted display range (for example 250 mm) start- locity in the test object.
ing from the surface of the test object or in a section of
the test object starting at a later point. This allows you to ATTENTION
shift the complete screen display and consequently also Please always make sure that the setting of
the display zero. For example, if the display should start the function Velocity is correct. The instru-
from the surface of the test object, you have to adjust ment calculates all range and distance indi-
the value 0 for the display delay. cations on the basis of the value adjusted
here.
Probe Delay
Every probe is equipped with a delay line between the
transducer and the coupling face. The sound pulse must
first pass through this delay line before it can enter the
test object. You can compensate for this influence of the
delay line in the probe in this function Probe Delay.
Note
If the value for the probe delay is not known,
please read chapter Calibration to deter-
mine this value (see page 145).

A-Scan 5 Operation
Freeze Mode B Freeze *
The instrument offers you various options for freezing The A-scan is frozen automatically when the signal
the A-scan on the display automatically. You can touches the gate B. This setting is suitable e.g. for mea-
choose between the following options. Manual freezing surements on hot test objects, for measurements in dif-
of the A-scan by tapping the icon Freeze in the Com- ficult coupling conditions, or for spot weld testing.
mand bar (see page 66) is always possible, regardless
of the selection here. AB Freeze *
The A-scan is frozen automatically when the signal
Standard touches either one of the gates A or B.
You can only manually freeze the A-scan by tapping the
icon Freeze in the Command bar (see page 66). Compare
The manually frozen A-scan is displayed for comparison
A Freeze purposes in the background while the currently active A-
The A-scan is frozen automatically when the signal scan is at the same time visible in the foreground. When
touches the gate A. This setting is suitable e.g. for mea- leaving the Freeze function, the last A-scan is recorded
surements on hot test objects, for measurements in dif- and displayed for comparison purposes.
ficult coupling conditions, or for spot weld testing.
* If the function Gate B Start Mode (see page 132) is

set to Gate A, the function Freeze will not be effective
until the interface echo has also reached the gate A
beforehand.

5 Operation A-Scan
Envelope Envelope Color

In addition to the live A-scan, a frozen A-scan is dis- You can choose the color of the envelope curve, inde-
played as an envelope curve in the background. The fro- pendent of the selected Color Scheme (see page 100).
zen A-scan is updated every time the maximum ampli-
tudes are exceeded.
Grid
A-scan with envelope curve:
You can switch on a grid for the A-scan and choose be-
tween types Coarse and Fine.
Amplitude Ruler
Independently of the grid, you can switch on a ruler for
the amplitude.

A-Scan 5 Operation
Range Ruler A-Scan Color

You can switch on a ruler at the bottom of the A-scan. You can choose the color of the A-scan, independent of
For this range ruler several options in [mm] and [µs] are the selected Color Scheme (see page 100).
available.
Color Palette
Sound Path
At the right edge of the A-scan you can show the color
The sound path is always deduced from the time of flight
palette that is set in the function Amp Palette (see
of the pulse (TOF) and the material sound velocity.
page 186) in the Data Recorder.
Time Base
Grid Color
The ruler displays the TOF values in [µs].
You can choose the color of the grid (see function Grid),
Material Depth independent of the selected Color Scheme (see
page 100).
When using angle probes, the material depth is different
from the sound path. This ruler shows the material depth
values.

5 Operation A-Scan
Ref. A-Scan Color Color Leg

You can choose the color of the reference A-scan, inde- For better orientation, the instrument can mark the legs
pendent of the selected Color Scheme (see page 100). for the first three reflections with different background
colors. The range of each color corresponds to the
length of the leg.
Ref. Envelope Color
A-scan with Color Leg function switched on:
You can choose the color of the reference envelope
curve, independent of the selected Color Scheme (see
page 100).

A-Scan 5 Operation
FileName Prefix
You can enter a character string as a prefix for the auto-
matically generated file names, for example when sav-
ing screen captures or test reports. This prefix will be
placed at the beginning of the file name, before the au-
tomatically generated data year-month-day-time. With
the prefix USM_, for example, a file name will then be
USM_2021-03-02_16.09.49
– Tap on the function name. A keyboard is displayed.

– Tap on Clr to delete the complete current prefix
or
tap on Delete to delete the characters one by one,
starting from the last character.
– Enter the characters for the desired file name prefix.
– Tap on Enter to save the entered characters as a
prefix. The keyboard disappears.

5 Operation Material Probe
5.9 Material Probe Part Type

You need to specify the surface shape of the test object.
In this function group you can set the data for the test
material and the probe. Select Curved when working with circular curved sur-
faces, e.g. when inspecting longitudinally welded tubes.
To make the instrument carry out the corresponding
correction of the (reduced) projection distance and
depth, you must then enter the outside diameter of your
test object in the function Outer diameter (see
page 117).
Select Flat if you want to carry out the flaw position cal-
culation for flat plane-parallel test objects.
Velocity
This is the same function as in the function group
A-Scan (see page 110).

Material Probe 5 Operation
Thickness Probe Selection

You can use this function to set the wall thickness of the By selecting the number of the connected probe, you
test object. This value is required for the automatic cal- can quickly and correctly set the settings (name, probe
culation of the true depth of a reflection. delay, element diameter, and frequency) stored togeth-
er with the number for the connected probe. The probe
number 000-000-000 is user programmable with regard
Outer diameter to all parameters.
This function is only visible if you have selected the Alternatively, you can select the probe by its name (see
Curved option for Part Type (see page 116). below).
Enter the outside diameter of your test object to make
the instrument carry out the corresponding correction of Probe Name
the (reduced) projection distance and depth.
By selecting the name of the connected probe, you can
quickly and correctly set the settings (name, probe de-
lay, element diameter, and frequency) stored together
with the name for the connected probe. The probe name
Custom is user programmable with regard to all param-
eters.
Alternatively, you can select the probe by its number
(see above).

5 Operation Material Probe
Frequency Probe X-Value

With this function you can set the frequency of the re- With this function you can set the X value (distance of
ceiver according to the frequency of your probe. probe front edge from the probe index or sound exit
point) of the connected probe.
The frequency is set automatically when you select a
probe by its number or name (see page 117). This value is required for the automatic calculation of the
reduced projection distance.
Probe Delay
Effective Diameter
A-Scan (see page 118). With this function you can set the effective element or
crystal diameter of the connected probe.
Probe Angle The effective diameter is set automatically when you se-
lect a probe by its number or name (see page 117).
With this function you can adjust the angle of incidence
of your probe for the test material. This value is required
for the automatic calculation of flaw position. Delay Velocity
The probe angle is set automatically when you select a With this function you can set the sound velocity in the
probe by its number or name (see page 117). delay line of the connected probe.
The delay velocity is set automatically when you select
a probe by its number or name (see page 117).

5.10 Pulser Receiver Voltage
If your instrument is equipped with a square-wave puls-
In this function group you will find all functions for setting
er and the square-wave pulser is chosen as pulser type,
the pulser and the receiver.
then you can set the pulser voltage within the range of
100 … 350 V in steps of 10 V.
ATTENTION
Use the data sheet for your probe to check
which maximum voltage is allowed to be ap-
plied.
Note
The pulser voltage and the pulse width can
be automatically limited, depending on the
pulse repetition frequency mode (see PRF
Mode, page 120) or setting (see PRF Value,
page 120). This function helps to avoid heat
accumulations in the pulser electronics.

5 Operation Pulser Receiver
Pulse Width PRF Mode

You can use this function to adjust the pulse width for You can choose between the Auto and the Manual
the square-wave pulser. You can adjust a value within mode for the PRF (pulse repetition frequency) setting.
the range of 40 … 500 ns (nanoseconds) in steps of
When you select Auto the function PRF Value is
10 ns.
locked. The PRF is set automatically to a value of 50%
The following equation produces an approximation for of the maximum possible PRF.
the suitable pulse width:
Select Manual to set the PRF Value.
Nominal width in nanoseconds
= 500/probe frequency in MHz PRF Value
For example, the equation for a 2.25 MHz probe results The pulse repetition frequency indicates the number of
in: times an initial pulse is triggered per second.
Nominal width in nanoseconds The larger your test object, the smaller PRF values are
= 500/2.25 ns = 222 nanoseconds needed to avoid phantom echoes. However, the A-scan
update rate becomes lower in the case of smaller PRF
values. High values are therefore required if a test ob-
ject should be scanned fast.
Note
The best way to determine the suitable PRF value is by
The values of Voltage and Pulse Width can
experimenting: Start from the highest value and reduce
be automatically limited, depending on the
the value until there are no more phantom echoes.
PRF (pulse repetition frequency). This func-
tion is used for limiting the signal loss.

Pulser Receiver 5 Operation
Averaging Filter
This function is used to optimize the A-scan representa- You can optimize the signal by setting a frequency filter
tion by averaging several A-scan frames to one frame. until a clear echo is visible. Filter and damping influence
each other. Therefore you need to try all possible com-
binations to achieve an optimal result.
Damping
This function is used for matching the probe. By setting
the damping level of the probe oscillating circuit you can
vary the height, width, and resolution of the echo dis-
play.
400 Ohms
This setting gives a low damping, the echoes become
higher and broader.
50 Ohms
This setting reduces the echo height but produces nar-
rower echoes with a higher resolution.

5 Operation Pulser Receiver
Rectify Dual Mode

You can toggle between single-element and dual mode.
You can use this function to select the rectification mode
of the echo pulses according to your application.
Off
RF (radio frequency) This setting is for single-element operation. The probe

must be connected to the T/R socket (see page 51).
There is no rectification. Both positive and negative
wave portions are displayed with true amplitude.
On
Full Wave The dual mode is for using dual-element probes. The re-
ceiver must be connected to the R socket and the pulser
All half-waves are displayed above the base line on the to the T/R socket (see page 51).
screen.
Through
Positive HW
The through-transmission mode is for using two sepa-
Only positive half-waves are displayed above the base rate probes in a through shot configuration.
line on the screen.
The receiver must be connected to the R socket and the
pulser to the T/R socket (see page 51). As the sound
Negative HW
wave passes through the test object only once in
Only negative half-waves are displayed above the base through-transmission mode, all range and wall thick-
line on the screen. ness measurement functions are adjusted accordingly.
TOF values are calculated for a single through path, not
for the pulse echo.

UT Setup 5 Operation
5.11 UT Setup Gain

In this function group you will find the settings for gain
Gain (see page 107).
control, alarms and output signals.
AGC Mode
Even smaller variations of the echo amplitude can lead
to incorrect measurement results in wall thickness mea-
surements. In these cases, the exact monitoring of the
amplitude is therefore highly important. The automatic
gain control (AGC) offers practical help for this purpose.
The automatic gain control of the USM 100 keeps the
echo amplitude fully automatically at a specified screen
height and, in this way, compensates for the amplitude
variations of the signal received. This enables to clearly
improve especially the wall thickness measurement and
to make it easier.
The AGC can also be used during calibration in order to
to keep the reference amplitude of 80 % screen height
constant at ±1 % (setting AGC Max Amp = 81 %, AGC
Min Amp = 79 %).

5 Operation UT Setup
When the automatic gain control is switched on, further Alarm Output
functions are displayed with which you can configure
the AGC (see below). You can assign an alarm event to the corresponding
alarm output. If the alarm event occurs, a signal is out-
put via the alarm output (see page 203).
AGC Max Amp / AGC Min Amp
You can choose a gate for triggering the alarm output.
To configure the automatic gain control, enter the mini-
mum and the maximum height of amplitude in percent
screen height that the echo signal should reach within LED Alarm
the gate. You can assign an alarm event to the multi-color LED
next to the screen (see page 93). If the alarm event oc-
Note
curs, the LED lights up accordingly.
The smaller the ratio between the values
You can choose a gate for triggering the alarm signal of
AGC Max Amp and AGC Min Amp, the
the LED.
more sensitive the control process.
Averaging
AGC Noise
You can define a threshold for the noise. Signals below
Pulser Receiver (see page 119).
this threshold are not taken into account for the auto-
matic gain control.

UT Setup 5 Operation
Magnify gate
You can choose a gate for the Magnify Gate function in
the Command bar (see page 67). The setting of this
function causes the selected gate to span over the en-
tire displayed range.
Analog Output
You can output measurement results via analog output
(see page 203) for external further processing.
Use this function to specify the reading to be output as
voltage signal.

5 Operation Gates
5.12 Gates Tasks of the gates

The gates monitor the area of the test object where you
In this function group you will find all functions for setting
expect to detect a flaw. If an echo exceeds or falls below
the gates.
the gate, an alarm signal can be output (see page 124).
Gates are displayed in different colors for ease of iden-
tification (see page 71).
The gates A and B are independent of each other.
Gate A can also assume the function of an echo start
gate for gate B (see page 132).
The gates are also used to choose the echo for the dig-
ital time-of-flight and amplitude measurement. The
measured value is displayed in the measurement line
(see page 76).
Gate Selection
With this function you first select the gate for which the
following settings are to apply. You can set the settings
for each gate independently.

Gates 5 Operation
Gate A Start Gate A Threshold

This function can also be set for gate B, C and IF. This function can also be set for gate B, C and IF.
You can set the starting point of the gate by entering the You can set the threshold of the gate by entering the ex-
exact numerical values. act numerical values within the range of 5 … 95 %
screen height for triggering an alarm if this value is ex-
Alternatively, you can move and adjust the gates direct-
ceeded or not reached.
ly on the touchscreen (see page 86).
In RF mode, you can set the threshold within the range
of –5 … –95 %.
Gate A Width
Alternatively, you can adjust the threshold directly on
This function can also be set for gate B, C and IF. the touchscreen (see page 86).
You can set the width of the gate.
Alternatively, you can set the width directly on the touch-
screen by dragging the right edge (see page 86).

5 Operation Gates
Gate A TOF Mode Two measurement arrows are used in order to clearly
identify readings and to avoid any misinterpretations.
This function can also be set for gate B, C and IF. The display shows
The sound path measurement by means of the echo ● the position at which the sound path (distance) is
evaluation depends on the choice of the measuring measured: arrowhead downwards, and
point.
● where the amplitude is measured: arrowhead up-
ATTENTION wards.
In any case, the setting of the measuring In addition to the measurement reading, the TOF mode
point for the calibration and for the subse- measuring point (peak or flank) is displayed with a sym-
quent test use must always be identical. Oth- bol in the measurement line in sound path measure-
erwise, measuring errors may occur. ments:
^ = measuring point Peak
/ = measuring point Flank
Note
The highest echo in the gate does not have Examples:
to be identical with the echo for which the SA^ = sound path within gate A, measuring point Peak
sound path is measured. This can lead to
evaluation errors! SA/ = sound path within gate A, measuring point Flank

Gates 5 Operation
Peak J-Flank / First Peak

The amplitude and the time-of-flight are measured at These are special parameters for the Japanese market.
the absolutely highest amplitude value within the gate Both use the displayed A-scan for evaluation.
with maximum resolution of the instrument.
The time-of-flight is measured as in the case of Flank,
the amplitude measurement before the 1st change of di-
Flank rection downwards if the gate threshold is afterwards
The amplitude is measured as in the case of Peak, how- not reached yet another time. In the case of larger val-
ever, the time-of-flight is measured at the first point of in- ues for the function Display Range (see page 109), it
tersection between the echo and the gate with maxi- may happen that several points are combined into one.
mum resolution of the instrument. In these cases, the evaluation no longer corresponds to
the displayed A-scan.
Zero Before
The sound path is measured at the zero crossing of the
rising edge.
Zero After
The sound path is measured at the zero crossing of the
falling edge.

5 Operation Gates
Measurement between zero crossings

Accurate measurements can be achieved by a corre-
sponding choice of the measuring point even if the
shape of an echo has changed, e.g. due to phase rever-
sal in immersion test applications.
Measurement errors may occur if there is noise within
the range of the gate before the signal to be evaluated.
When setting Zero Before, make sure that the base line
is smooth. Set the gate start in such a way that it is at
least half a wavelength before the measuring point to
enable a reliable recording of the measured value.

Gates 5 Operation
Gate A Logic Gate B Start

This function can also be set for gate B, C and IF. This function corresponds to Gate A Start (see
page 127).
You can set the criteria for triggering a gate alarm.
Note Gate B Width

For the configuration of the alarm output, see
This function corresponds to Gate A Width (see
function Alarm Output (see page 124).
page 127).
Positive
Gate B Threshold
The alarm is triggered if the gate is exceeded.
This function corresponds to Gate A Threshold (see
Negative page 127).
The alarm is triggered if the gate is not reached.

Gate B TOF Mode
Off This function corresponds to Gate A TOF Mode (see
The gate is turned off, alarms and measurement func- page 128).
tions are disabled, and the gate is not visible on the dis-
play screen.
Gate B Logic
This function corresponds to Gate A Logic (see
page 131).

5 Operation Gates
Gate B Start Mode IP
The start of the gate B is normally positioned starting The gate B is normally positioned starting from the initial
from the initial pulse as in the case of gate A. pulse.
You can alternatively specify the start of the gate B in re- IF

lation to an event in gate A. This function is also referred
to as automatic gate tracking. If there is no event in the The gate B is positioned starting from the interface
gate A, the starting point of the gate B is identical with echo. The IF option can only be set when IF gate mode
the value of the function Gate A Start (see page 127). is selected.
The width and the threshold of the gate B are not affect-
ed by the gate tracking. Gate A
The tracking of the optional gate C is identical with that If you choose the setting Gate A, the gate B is after-
of the gate B. However, the gate C can additionally still wards always shifted automatically when you shift the
be coupled to events in the gate B. starting point of the gate A.

Gates 5 Operation
C/IF Gate Mode Gate C TOF Mode

With this function you first select the gate for which the This function corresponds to Gate A TOF Mode (see
following settings are to apply. You can set the settings page 128).
for each gate independently.
Gate C Logic
Gate C Start
This function corresponds to Gate A Start (see page 131).
page 127).
Gate C Start Mode
Gate C Width
This function corresponds to Gate B Start Mode (see
This function corresponds to Gate A Width (see page 132).
page 127).
Gate IF Start
Gate C Threshold
This function corresponds to Gate A Start (see
This function corresponds to Gate A Threshold (see page 127).
page 127).

5 Operation Gates
Gate IF Width
This function corresponds to Gate A Width (see
page 127).
Gate IF Threshold
This function corresponds to Gate A Threshold (see
page 127).
Gate IF TOF Mode

This function corresponds to Gate A TOF Mode (see
page 128).
Gate IF Logic
page 131).

Auto Calibration 5 Operation
5.13 Auto Calibration Velocity Cal Type

The USM 100 provides two calibration modes:
In this function group you will find all functions for the dif-
ferent calibration procedures. For the description of the ● Multi BW (see from page 146)
calibration procedures see from page 145.
● Multi Step (see from page 147)
You must choose the calibration mode before entering
the following parameter values.
2-Point Cal Source

For calibration you can choose between the A-scan and
the envelope curve.
S Ref 1 / S Ref 2
You must set the thickness according to the calibration
block or blocks used.
S Ref 2 is only visible when Multi Step has been select-
ed in Velocity Cal Type. Here you must set the thick-
ness according to the second calibration block or the
second thickness value of a stepped reference block
used.

5 Operation Probe Angle
5.14 Probe Angle The current probe index angle is influenced, among oth-
er things, by different materials or by the wear of the
In this function group you will find all functions for defin- probe contact face.
ing the current index angle of a probe on a specified
ATTENTION
reference block. For the description of the calculation
procedure see from page 149. You have to carry out the calibration before
using the functions here (see page 145).
Block
By selecting the name of the calibration standard used,
you can quickly and correctly set the settings for SDH
Diameter and SDH Depth, that are stored together with
the name.
When you select Custom, you must enter these values
manually.

Probe Angle 5 Operation
Angle Cal Source Gate A Start

You can choose between the A-scan and the envelope This is the same function as in the function group
curve as basis for the probe angle calculation. Gates (see page 127).
SDH Diameter Gate A Threshold

With this function you must set the side-drilled hole di- This is the same function as in the function group
ameter of the calibration standard used. Gates (see page 127).
The diameter is set automatically when you select a cal-
ibration standard by its name (see page 136).
SDH Depth
With this function you must set the depth of the side-
drilled hole of the calibration standard used.
The depth is set automatically when you select a cali-
bration standard by its name (see page 136).
Note that SDH Depth always refers to the center of the
side-drilled hole and not to the real reflecting surface.

5 Operation Evaluation
5.15 Evaluation The available methods depend on the activated instru-

ment options and the loaded application (see page 61).
In this function group you can choose a method for eval- The use of the various methods is described in the re-
uating the measured reflector echoes. spective chapters:
● dB REF (see page 150)
● DAC (see page 152)
● DGS (see page 159)
● AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.5 (see page 171)
● JISDAC (see page 174)
● CNDAC (see page 175)
On the following pages the individual functions and pa-

rameters are described independently of each other.

Evaluation 5 Operation
Eval Mode Eval Points Source

You must choose the evaluation mode before setting This parameter is only visible when DAC, JISDAC or
the following parameters. CNDAC has been selected in Eval Mode.
For creating and editing the DAC curve points you have
dbRef Mode two options:
This parameter is only visible when dB REF has been ● DAC Table, the DAC table is defined with the soft-
selected in Eval Mode. ware Mentor Create
You can switch this function on or off. ● Custom, you can record the DAC points with the in-
strument
The software Mentor Create is described in a separate
Gate A Start
manual.
Gates (see page 127).
Define Points
This parameter is only visible when DAC, JISDAC or
Eval Source
CNDAC has been selected in Eval Mode.
This parameter is only visible when DAC, JISDAC or You must set the number of points to be recorded.
You can choose between the A-scan and the envelope
curve as basis for the probe angle calculation.

DAC Point Offset Mode

This parameter is only visible when DAC, JISDAC or You can set an offset mode for the evaluation lines.
Select the point number for the following DAC Distance Fixed
value. A fixed offset is set for all evaluation lines.
DAC Distance Custom
This parameter is only visible when DAC, JISDAC or Different offset values can be set for the evaluation
CNDAC has been selected in Eval Mode. lines.
In this parameter you must enter the TOF value of the

DAC point selected with the parameter DAC Point. Offset
Here you can set the fixed offset for all evaluation lines.
DAC / TCG
This parameter is only visible when DAC, JISDAC or Offset 1
When Custom has been selected in Offset Mode, you
You can select the working mode DAC or TCG. can define the different offsets for the evaluation lines
with the parameters Offset 1, Offset 2, Offset 3, and
Offset 4.

Curve Color Probe Name

You can select the color for the DAC / TGC curve. This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se-
lected in Eval Mode.
DGS Mode This is the same function as in the function group
Material Probe (see page 117).
This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se-
Frequency
You can switch this function on or off.
DGS Curve
This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se- Material Probe (see page 118).
You must enter the reference size for the evaluation. Effective Diameter
Probe Selection lected in Eval Mode.
This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se- This is the same function as in the function group
lected in Eval Mode. Material Probe (see page 118).

Delay Velocity Reference Size

This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se- This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se-
lected in Eval Mode. lected in Eval Mode.
This is the same function as in the function group You must enter the reference size for the recording.
Reference Attenuation
Reference Type
This parameter is only visible when DGS has been selected in Eval Mode.
You can enter a value for the sound attenuation in the
You must select the type of the reference reflector: reference block.
● BW (backwall)
● FBH (flat bottom hole) Amplitude Correction
● SDH (side drilled hole) This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se-
When using an angle probe with the reference blocks
K1 or K2, you must set a value for the amplitude correc-
tion.

Test Attenuation JISDAC Mode

This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se- This parameter is only visible when JISDAC has been
lected in Eval Mode. selected in Eval Mode.
You can enter a value for the sound attenuation in the You can switch this function on or off.
test object.
Bold Line
Transfer Correction
This parameter is only visible when JISDAC has been
This parameter is only visible when DGS has been se- selected in Eval Mode.
With the transfer correction you can take the effect of CNDAC Mode
the test object's surfaces on the height of the echo into
account. This parameter is only visible when CNDAC has been
selected in Eval Mode.
AWS Mode You can switch this function on or off.
This parameter is only visible when AWS D1.1 or AWS

D1.5 has been selected in Eval Mode.
You can switch this function on or off.

Acceptance Level Defect Length

This parameter is only visible when CNDAC has been This parameter is only visible when CNDAC has been
selected in Eval Mode. selected in Eval Mode.
Code Acceptance Line

You can select a reference block.
The option Custom allows the specification of an own Recording Line
reference block, whose data must be documented sep- This parameter is only visible when CNDAC has been
arately. selected in Eval Mode.
Cal Block Evaluation Line

You can select a reference block.

Calibration 5 Operation
5.16 Calibration Choice of the measuring point

The sound path measurement by means of the echo
Calibrating the probe delay and velocity evaluation depends on the choice of measuring point
(see Gate A TOF Mode, page 128).
Before working with the USM 100, it must be calibrated.
ATTENTION
You have to adjust the material velocity and the display
range, as well as allow for the probe delay, depending In any case, the setting of the measuring
on the material and the dimensions of the test object. point in Gate A TOF Mode for the calibration
and for the subsequent test use must always
To ensure a safe and proper operation of the instru-
be identical. Otherwise, measuring errors
ment, it is necessary that the operator be adequately
may occur.
trained in the field of ultrasonic testing technology.
The USM 100 provides two calibration modes:
● Multi BW (see page 146)
● Multi Step (see page 147)
Note
The angle calculation of angle probes is de-
scribed from page 149.

5 Operation Calibration
Calibration with Multi BW – Couple the probe to the calibration block.
With Multi BW (multi backwall), the calibration only – Position the gates A and B on the first and on the sec-
needs one reference value S Ref 1 / S Ref 2. The first ond backwall echo.
and the second backwall are generated on a single cal- – In the Command bar tap on Calibrate (see page 66)
ibration block. to execute the calibration process.
During the calibration process the Display Range is ad-
justed automatically.
– Select the 2-Point Cal. panel.

– Tap in the A-scan and tap the Auto Calibration icon
to display the function group (see page 135).
– Select Velocity Cal Type and select Multi BW.
– Select S Ref 1 / S Ref 2 and set the thickness accord-
ing to the calibration block used.

Calibration 5 Operation
Calibration with Multi Step – Couple the probe to the 5 mm calibration block.
With Multi Step, the calibration needs two reference – Position the gate on the first backwall echo.
values S Ref 1 / S Ref 2 and S Ref 1 / S Ref 2. The – In the Command bar tap on Calibrate (see page 66)
backwall echoes are generated on two calibration to start the calibration process.
blocks of different thickness or a stepped reference
block having different wall thicknesses. – Couple the probe to the 10 mm calibration block.
During the calibration process the Display Range is ad- – Position the gate on the first backwall echo.
justed automatically. – In the Command bar tap on Calibrate to complete the
calibration process.
– Select the 2-Point Cal. panel.

– Tap in the A-scan and tap the Auto Calibration icon
to display the function group (see page 135).
– Select Velocity Cal Type and select Multi Step.
– Select S Ref 1 / S Ref 2 and set the thickness to
5 mm.
– Select S Ref 1 / S Ref 2 and set the thickness to
10 mm.

5 Operation Calibration
Calibration using dual-element probes With thin wall thicknesses, the effect described above
leads to an echo amplitude drop which has to be espe-
Dual-element probes are especially used for wall thick- cially taken into account with thicknesses <2 mm.
ness measurements. The following special features
should be taken into account when using these probes: A stepped reference block having different wall thick-
nesses is required for calibration. The wall thicknesses
must be selected in such a way that they cover the ex-
V-path error pected measurement readings.
Dual-element probes produce a v-shaped sound path
from the pulser via the reflection from the backwall to the Note
receiver element. This V-path error affects the measur- Always keep in mind that the measurement
ing accuracy. You should therefore choose two wall value is determined at the intersection point
thicknesses that cover the expected thickness mea- of the gate and the echo flank if the function
surement range for the calibration. In this way, the V- Gate A TOF Mode has been set to FLANK.
path error can be corrected to a large extent. The correct setting of the echo height and the
gate threshold is therefore decisive for the
Higher material velocity accuracy of calibration and measurement!
Due to the V-path error, a higher material velocity than Calibrations or measurements in PEAK
that of the material to be tested is given during calibra- mode require some experience when using
tion, especially with small thicknesses. This is typical of dual-element probes in order to choose and
dual-element probes and serves for the compensation set the correct echoes.
of the V-path error.

Defining the probe angle 5 Operation
5.17 Defining the probe angle The calculated angle is briefly displayed in the informa-
tion line at the bottom edge of the display screen.
The function group Probe Angle on the Probe Angle
Cal. panel provides all functions to define the current in-
dex angle of a probe on a reference block. The current
probe index angle is influenced, e.g. by different materi-
als or by the wear of the probe contact face.
ATTENTION
You have to carry out calibration (see from
page 145) before defining the probe angle.
– After calibration, select the Probe Angle Cal. panel

and switch to the function group Probe Angle (see
page 136).
– Select Block and choose the used calibration block.
– Check the values of SDH Diameter and SDH Depth
and correct them if necessary.
– Couple the probe to the calibration block.
– Shift the gate to the calibration echo.
– In the Command bar tap on Calibrate (see page 66)
to execute the calculation.

5 Operation dB REF
5.18 dB REF Recording a reference echo

Before using the dB-difference measurement, you have
With the dB-difference measurement method (db REF)
to first record a reference echo.
you can evaluate reflector echoes by means of refer-
ence echoes. If a reference echo has already been stored, you have
to first delete it before recording a new reference echo (
After selecting dB REF in the function Eval Mode in
see section below).
(see page 139) the function group Evaluation provides
you with all the functions needed for the echo height – Peak the reference echo according to the test instruc-
comparison between a reflector echo and a reference tion.
echo.
– Use the function Gate A Start to position the gate A
on the reference echo.
– Tap the Calibrate icon in the Command bar (see
page 66). The reference echo is recorded and stored.
Deleting a reference echo

You can delete a stored reference echo at any time.
– Tap the Clear icon in the Command bar (see
page 67). A confirmation message is shown.
– Confirm the deletion.

dB REF 5 Operation
Echo height comparison

You can compare the echo from any chosen reflector
with the reference echo.
The following values are available for indication in the
Measurement line (see page 76).
● dBrA
dB-difference between the reference echo and the
highest echo in the gate A.
● A%rA
Amplitude of the signal in the gate A in percent re-
ferred to the reference amplitude as 100 %.
● dBrB
dB-difference between the reference echo and the
highest echo in the gate B.
● A%rB
Amplitude of the signal in the gate B in percent re-
ferred to the reference amplitude as 100 %.
Note
The dB-difference is independent of any pos-
sible gain variation.

5 Operation DAC
5.19 DAC
You can evaluate reflector echoes by means of the dis-
tance-amplitude correction (DAC). – In the A-scan tap on the Evaluation icon to display
the function group.
After selecting DAC in the function Eval Mode in (see
page 139) the function group Evaluation provides you
with all the functions needed for the echo height com-
parison between a reflector echo and a reference echo.
Due to the angle of beam spread and the sound attenu-
ation in the material, the echo height of equally sized re-
flectors depends on the distance to the probe.
A distance-amplitude correction curve, recorded using
defined reference reflectors, is a graphical representa-
tion of these influencing factors.
If you use a reference block having artificial flaws to re-
cord a DAC curve, you can use this echo amplitude for
the evaluation of a flaw without any further corrections.
The reference block should be made of the same mate-
rial as the test object.
The time-corrected gain TCG increases the gain in dis- – In the function Eval Mode select DAC.
tance sensitive mode so that all reference echoes reach
80 % screen height. The amplitude evaluation of echo – Set all parameters in this function group (see from
indications is made in relation to the first reference echo. page 138).

DAC 5 Operation
Recording a DAC curve
ATTENTION
Before starting to record a reference curve,
the instrument has to be correctly calibrated
(see page 145).
As soon as a new curve is recorded, a possibly already

existing curve must be deleted (see page 155). If neces-
sary, make sure that the old curve has been saved to a
free dataset before starting to record a new curve.
Note
You can configure the measurement line ac-
cordingly to display the specific readings
(see page 105).

5 Operation DAC
– Position the gate A on the first DAC echo (see

page 86).
– In the Command bar tap on AutoXX (see page 66) to
automatically set the echo to the required screen
height.
to record the first DAC point.
– Position the gate A on the second DAC echo.
– In the Command bar tap on AutoXX to automatically
set the echo to the required screen height.
– In the Command bar tap on Calibrate to record the
second DAC point.
– Record further DAC points in the same way. You can
add individual DAC points at any time.
– If not yet done, then set the function DAC / TCG to
DAC in order to display the DAC curve.
– Set the function DAC / TCG to TGC (time-corrected
gain). The horizontal line of the time-corrected gain is
displayed in the A-scan and all echoes are displayed
at 80 % screen height of the first reference point.

DAC 5 Operation
Turning the DAC evaluation off Deleting the DAC curve

You can turn the DAC evaluation off at any time. You can delete the DAC curve at any time. After this, the
DAC evaluation is not possible until you have recorded
– Set the function DAC / TCG to Off in order to hide the
a new DAC curve.
curve.
– In the Command bar tap on Clear (see page 67) to
Note delete the DAC curve. A message box is displayed.
The DAC curve is not lost by turning the func- – Confirm the deletion of the DAC curve. The deletion
tion off. By turning it on again, you can use is acknowledged in the Information line (see
the function DAC / TCG to go back to the page 77).
DAC evaluation again without losing any set-
tings.

5 Operation DAC
Multiple DAC curves

You can activate multiple DAC curves and, at the same
time, define the offsets between the multiple curves and
the recording curve.
You can use fixed offsets for all curves or individual off-
sets for each curve.
– Set the Offset Mode (see page 140).

– If you have selected Fixed, set the desired value for
Offset (see page 140).
– If you have selected Custom, set the desired values
for several offsets starting with Offset 1 (see
page 140).
The offset 0.0 dB only represents the recording curve.

Every setting varying from 0 produces four other curves
with the corresponding dB offset between them.
For better distinction, the recording curve is shown in a
different color with multiple DAC curves.

DAC 5 Operation
Echo evaluation using DAC/TCG Change in the probe delay with DAC/TCG
To be able to evaluate a flaw echo by means of the Generally, a change in the probe delay automatically
DAC, certain conditions must be met: also affects the shape of the sound field. This means
that a new recording of the reference echo would be the-
● The distance-amplitude correction curve has to be re- oretically required. However, minor changes in the de-
corded beforehand. lay line, typically occurring due to the wear of the delay
● It only applies to the same probe that was used for re- line, have no noticeable effect on the programmed dis-
cording the curve. It is not allowed to use even anoth- tance laws.
er probe of the same type!
ATTENTION
● The curve only applies to the material corresponding
A recorded DAC curve no longer applies if
to the material of the reference block.
the probe delay changes to a larger extent,
● All functions affecting the echo amplitude must be set e.g. caused by adding or removing a delay
in the same way as they existed during the recording line after a DAC curve has been recorded.
of the curve. This applies especially to the parame-
The same applies to immersion testing: The
ters voltage, frequency, rectification, material veloci-
DAC curve must be recorded after setting up
ty, and reject.
the final water delay line.
Failure to do so may lead to evaluation er-
rors.

5 Operation DAC
Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF

mode
An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at
the echo peak of the signal under examination because
this is the only way of ensuring that the displayed echo
amplitude and the sound path (projection distance,
depth position) always belong to the highest echo in the
gate.
Note
The instrument checks the measuring point
setting in TOF mode before processing any
reference amplitudes. If Peak is not set as
measuring point, the instrument will automat-
ically switch to Peak. In this case, a note is
displayed at the bottom edge of the display
screen.

DGS 5 Operation
5.20 DGS ● Distance D between the probe coupling face and the
circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector
You can use the DGS mode (distance - gain - size) to ● Difference in gain G between a circular disk-shaped
compare the reflecting power of a natural flaw in the test equivalent reflector and a reference reflector, e.g. an
object with that of a theoretical flaw (circular disk- infinitely large backwall
shaped equivalent reflector) at the same depth.
● Size S of the circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector
ATTENTION The influencing variable S remains constant for one
curve in each set of curves.
You are comparing the reflecting power of a
natural flaw with that of a theoretical flaw. No The advantage of the DGS method lies in the fact that
definitive conclusions may be drawn about you can carry out reproducible evaluations of small dis-
the natural flaw (roughness, inclined posi- continuities. This reproducibility is especially important,
tion, etc.). e.g. whenever you want to carry out an acceptance test.
The so-called DGS diagram forms the basis for this In addition to the influencing variables already men-
comparison of the reflecting power. This diagram con- tioned, there are other factors affecting the curve shape:
sists of a set of curves showing the connection of three ● sound attenuation,
influencing variables:
● transfer losses,
● amplitude correction value,
● probe.

5 Operation DGS
The following parameters of the probe affect the curve You can adjust these parameters in the USM 100 in
shape: such a way that you can use the DGS method with many
different probes and on various materials.
● element or crystal diameter,
● frequency, Note
● length of delay line, Before setting up the DGS mode, the instru-
ment has to be calibrated at first since none
● delay velocity. of the functions affecting the DGS evaluation
(Velocity, Probe Delay, Voltage, Damping,
Frequency, Rectify), can be changed any
more after recording the reference echo.
For dual-element probes, the sound velocity can only be
set between 5350 and 6500 m/s.
For more information on this subject, please refer to
Calibration, page 145.

DGS 5 Operation
Validity of the DGS method ● The evaluation must be carried out using the same
probe that was used for recording the reference echo.
Echo amplitude evaluations using the DGS method are Another probe of the same type can be used after re-
only reliable and reproducible under the following condi- cording a new reference echo.
tions:
● Echo amplitudes for reflector distances smaller than
● In test objects showing sound attenuation character- 0.7 of the near-field length of the probe used are sub-
istics that cannot be neglected, the sound attenuation ject to considerable variations, for physical reasons,
coefficient must be determined and entered in the due to the interference phenomena being effective in
DGS table. For this purpose, the sound attenuation this area. Evaluation results may therefore vary by
coefficient is measured in the test object itself or in a more than the usually permissible ±2 dB. It is there-
reference test block made of identical material, with fore recommended to perform a DGS evaluation only
known reference reflectors at various distances ac- in ranges above 0.7 of the near-field length of the
cording to the known methods and, afterwards, en- probe.
tered in the DGS tables. The subsequently displayed
evaluation curve will then take the effective sound at-
tenuation into account, independently of the distance.
● The reference echo must come from the test object if
possible. If this is not possible, it should be ensured
that the reference block is made of the same material
as the test object.

5 Operation DGS
Change in the probe delay with DGS Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF
mode
Generally, a change in the probe delay automatically
also affects the shape of the sound field. This means An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at
that a new recording of the reference echo for the DGS the echo peak of the signal under examination because
setting would be theoretically required. However, minor this is the only way of ensuring that the displayed echo
changes in the delay line, typically occurring due to the amplitude and the sound path (projection distance,
wear of the delay line, have no noticeable effect on the depth position) always belong to the highest echo in the
programmed distance laws. gate.
ATTENTION Note
An existing DGS setting no longer applies if The USM 100 checks the measuring point
the probe delay changes to a larger extent, setting in TOF mode before processing any
e.g. caused by adding or removing a delay reference amplitudes. If Peak is not set as
line after recording a DGS reference echo measuring point, the instrument will automat-
before changing the delay line. ically switch to Peak. In this case, a note is
displayed at the bottom edge of the display
The same applies to immersion testing: The
screen.
DGS setting must be made after setting up
the final water delay line.
Failure to do so may lead to evaluation er-
rors.

DGS 5 Operation
Settings for the DGS measurement Recording a reference echo and turning the
– In the A-scan tap on the Evaluation icon to display DGS curve on
the function group. To be able to display the required DGS curve, you have
to record the reference echo.
– Peak the echo of the reference reflector, in this case
the backwall echo from the test object.
– After this, position the gate A on the reference echo
(see page 86).
to record the reference echo.
The status icon A DGS reference echo has been re-
corded is displayed above the A-scan (see page 6).
– If not yet done, then set the function DGS Mode to On
in order to display the curve.
– In the function Eval Mode select DGS.

– Set all parameters in this function group (see from
page 138).

5 Operation DGS
Taking the general DGS diagram as a basis, the Locks, error messages
USM 100 calculates the required test sensitivity for dis-
playing the 3 mm curve with its maximum at 80 % As long as a valid reference echo is stored, no functions
screen height, and makes this setting. can be changed which could cause an incorrect DGS
evaluation, with the exception of Probe Delay (within
The curve is automatically adjusted in the case of sub- tight limits). If an attempt is made to change such a func-
sequent gain variations. tion, the following error message appears:
The gain can be varied at any time. The difference in re- Function locked: DGS reference has been recorded!
lation to the calibration value during the DGS calibration
is directly displayed next to the gain value. If you set the The DGS evaluation must likewise be turned off and the
function DGS MODE to Off and then to On again, the reference echo deleted when selecting a new probe,
original gain setting is displayed with the difference val- e.g. for a new test application.
ue +0.0.
You can also adjust the DGS curve to the expected val-
ue of the ERS (equivalent reflector size) later on.

DGS 5 Operation
Sound attenuation and transfer correction Using multiple DGS curves

There are two possibilities for setting the sound attenu- After turning the DGS evaluation on, at least one curve
ation in the test object: is displayed for a certain ERS (equivalent reflector size).
For some test specifications according to DGS, certain
● before the DGS calibration using the function Refer-
tolerance limits in dB below and/or above this curve
ence Attenuation
must be monitored.
● at any time (even after the DGS calibration) using the
You can set up to four additional curves by adjusting
function Test Attenuation
their offsets from the original curve in dB values. These
The transfer corrections can be set as follows: curves have no effect on the displayed measurement
reading or on other settings.
● before the DGS calibration using the function Ampli-
tude Correction
● at any time (even after the DGS calibration) using the
function Transfer Correction
The settings of the functions Amplitude Correction
and Transfer Correction have an additive effect, like-
wise the settings of the functions Reference Attenua-
tion and Test Attenuation.

5 Operation DGS
Turning the DGS evaluation off Deleting a DGS reference echo

You can turn the DGS evaluation off at any time. You can delete the echo of the reference reflector. After
this, the DGS evaluation is not possible until you have
– Set the function DGS Mode to Off in order to hide the
recorded a new reference echo.
curve.
– In the Command bar tap on Clear (see page 67) to
Note delete the reference echo. A message box is dis-
played.
The DGS calibration is not lost by turning the
function off. By turning it on again, you can – Confirm the deletion of the reference echo. The dele-
use the function DGS Mode to go back to the tion is acknowledged in the Information line (see
DGS evaluation again without losing any set- page 77).
tings.

DGS 5 Operation
Probe data (Using SDH as reference reflector)
# Probe name Wavelength Min. diameter of Near-field length Min. distance

in steel SDH (1.5 λ) in steel (N) in steel (1.5 N)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
1 B1-S 6.0 9.0 23 35
2 B2-S 3.0 4.5 45 68
3 B4-S 1.5 2.3 90 135
4 MB2-S 3.0 4.5 8 12
5 MB4-S 1.5 2.3 15 23
6 MB5-S 1.2 1.8 20 30
7…9 MWB …-2 1.6 2.4 15 23
10 … 12 MWB …-4 0.8 1.2 30 45
13 … 15 SWB …-2 1.6 2.4 39 59
16 … 18 SWB …-5 0.7 1.1 98 147
19 … 21 WB …-1 3.3 5.0 45 68
22 … 24 WB …-2 1.6 2.4 90 135

5 Operation DGS
# Probe Wavelength in steel Focus depth in steel

[mm] [mm]
25 MSEB-2 3.0 8 ±2
26 MSEB-4 1.5 10 ±2
27 MSEB-4 0° 1.5 18 ±4
28 MSEB-5 1.2 10 ±2
29 SEB-1 5.9 20 ±4
30 SEB-2 KF5 3.0 6 ±2
31 SEB-4 KF8 1.5 6 ±2
32 SEB-2 3.0 15 ±3
33 SEB-4 1.5 12 ±2
34 SEB-2 0° 1.5 12 ±2

DGS 5 Operation
Note
The DGS curves for the dual-element probes
are not derived from the general DGS
diagram but have been individually mea-
sured for steel (5920 m/s) and stored in the
instrument.
You can only carry out a DGS evaluation with
one of the dual-element probes available if
the sound velocity is between 5330 and 6500
m/s.

5 Operation DGS
trueDGS angle-beam probes The following probes using the trueDGS® technology
are currently available:
trueDGS® angle-beam probes generate a rotationally
symmetric sound field in the material to be tested like ● MWB45-2 tD (probe # 35)
vertically beaming circular elements. ● MWB60-2 tD (probe # 36)
Because of this, the DGS evaluation using these angle- ● MWB70-2 tD (probe # 37)
beam probes is considerably more accurate than with
the conventional angle-beam probes which contain rect- ● MWB45-4 tD (probe # 38)
angular elements. In the case of conventional angle- ● MWB60-4 tD (probe # 39)
beam probes, it may happen that the reflectors evaluat-
ed according to the DGS method are over-evaluated. ● MWB70-4 tD (probe # 40)
These new probes can be selected in the instrument.
The corresponding settings are stored in the instrument
and activated when the probe is selected.

AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.5 5 Operation
5.21 AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.5 with:

● A = flaw gain (in dB)
You can evaluate defects in welds according to the Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum
specifications AWS D1.1 or AWS D1.5. flaw echo is at 50 % (±5 %) echo height.
After selecting AWS D1.1 or AWS D1.5 in the function ● B = reference gain (in dB)
Eval Mode in (see page 139) the function group Evalu- Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum
ation provides you with all the functions needed. reference echo (e.g. the 1.5 mm side-drilled hole
The rating of defects in welds according to the specifica- from the reference standard K1 or IIW type 1 or 2) is
tion AWS D1.1 is based on an evaluation of the signal at 50 % (±5 %) echo height.
amplitude. In this method, the echo amplitude of the flaw ● C = sound attenuation factor (in dB)
echo is compared with the echo amplitude of a known The value is calculated according to the formula:
reference reflector. In addition, the sound attenuation in C = 0.079 dB/mm • (s – 25.4 mm), with s = sound
the test object is also taken into account. path of the flaw echo. The sound attenuation correc-
The result is a dB value which is called flaw class. The tion is calculated and displayed automatically by the
flaw class D is calculated according to the formula: instrument. The value is set to zero for sound paths
smaller than or equal to 25.4 mm (1 inch).
D=A–B–C
● D = flaw class (in dB)
This is the result of the evaluation according to AWS.
The calculation is made in the instrument according
to the above-mentioned formula.

5 Operation AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.5
Note
Make sure that all instrument options for the
specific test are calibrated before starting the – In the A-scan tap on the Evaluation icon to display
rating according to AWS D1.1 or AWS D1.5. the function group.
Remember to peak an echo with an amplitude between

45 % and 55 % screen height. A rating is not possible
with other amplitudes.
– In the function Eval Mode select AWS D1.1 or

AWS D1.5.

AWS D1.1 / AWS D1.5 5 Operation
– Select the specific AWS parameters in the measure-

ment line (see page 105).
– Couple the probe to the reference standard and max-
imize the echo from the 1.5 mm side-drilled hole.
– After this, position the gate A on the reference echo
(see page 86).
– Adjust the gain so that the reference echo is indicated
at 50 % screen height.
to record the reference gain (B).
– Couple the probe to the test object to evaluate a flaw
echo.
– Position the gate A on the flaw echo. The USM 100 calculates the values of the AWS vari-
ables C and D which can be displayed in the measure-
– Adjust the gain so that the flaw echo is indicated at
ment line.
50 % screen height.
– In the Command bar tap on Calibrate to store the
current flaw gain (A).

5 Operation JISDAC
5.22 JISDAC
The USM 100 has a DAC function for the echo evalua-
tion by means of the distance-amplitude correction
(DAC) and an additional class rating according to JIS
Z3060-2002.
With the function JISDAC, you can activate a distance-
amplitude curve according to JIS including three evalu-
ation lines marked with the letters L (low), M (medium),
and H (high). They are permanently connected to the
DAC and shifted accordingly if the gain is varied.
In addition, a class rating takes place. Flaw echoes are
evaluated according to their amplitude with reference to
their position within the set of curves:
Class I: Amplitude < Line L
Class II: Line L < Amplitude < Line M
Class III: Line M < Amplitude < Line H
Class IV: Amplitude < Line H

CNDAC 5 Operation
5.23 CNDAC Evaluations according to CNDAC

After recording the reference echo, the CNDAC shows
CNDAC (China Distance Amplitude Correction) is an
the reference lines RL, SL, and EL depending on the
evaluation method for ultrasonic weld testing, based on
corresponding choice in the functions Code (standard)
the standards JB/T4730 and GB 11345 of the People's
and Cal Block (reference block).
Republic of China.
The reference line SL is used for the amplitude mea-
In CNDAC, reference lines are defined for:
surement. It can be assigned to all gates available
● the rejection (Reject Line RL), (reading = SLA, SLB, optionally SLC).
● the amplitude measurement (Sizing Line SL), and Examples:
● the evaluation (Evaluation Line EL). SLA indicates the difference in amplitude of an echo in
the gate A in relation to the reference curve SL at the
Defined as references are side-drilled holes having cer-
position of the echo in dB.
tain diameters.
dBrA is identical with SLA.
The option Custom in the function Code allows the
specification of an own reference block, whose data A%rA indicates the difference in amplitude of an echo
must be documented separately. in the gate A in relation to the reference curve SL at the
position of the echo in %. In this connection, the refer-
ence curve at the position of the echo is assumed at
100 %.

5 Operation CNDAC
Standards and reference blocks
Code Cal Block Ø SDH (mm) Wall thickness (mm) RL (dB) SL (dB) EL (dB)
11345A RB 3 – DAC DAC – 10 DAC – 16
11345B RB 3 – DAC – 4 DAC – 10 DAC – 16
11345C RB 3 – DAC – 2 DAC – 8 DAC – 14
4730 CSK IIA 2 8 … 46 DAC – 4 DAC – 12 DAC – 18
4730 CSK IIA 2 46 … 120 DAC + 2 DAC – 8 DAC – 14
4730 CSK IIIA 1 8 … 15 DAC + 2 DAC – 6 DAC – 12
4730 CSK IIIA 1 15 … 46 DAC + 5 DAC – 3 DAC – 9
4730 CSK IIIA 1 46 … 120 DAC + 10 DAC DAC – 6
4730 CSK IVA – – DAC DAC – 10 DAC – 16
CUSTOM CUSTOM – – DAC DAC DAC

Documentation 6

6 Documentation Test reports
6.1 Test reports Printing test reports

The USM 100 is not meant to be directly connected to a
Saving test reports printer.
You can use the USM 100 to save test reports. Test re- You can use standard software (text and image editors)
ports are stored as PDF files. on your computer to view, edit, and print out the test re-
ports and A-scans stored in the USM 100.
To view and print PDF files on computers, you need the
free Acrobat Reader from Adobe. You can download it To do this, export the test reports to a USB stick (see
from the Adobe website and install it on your computer page 189). Then connect the USB stick containing the
(https://www.adobe.com/acrobat.html). test reports to your computer.
To save the test report use the functions in the Com-

mand bar: Deleting test reports
● Save report (see page 69) You can delete test reports stored in the USM 100 at
any time (see page 190).
● Save multiple page report (see page 69)
A message in the information line confirms the success-

ful storing.

Test reports 6 Documentation
Displaying test reports

You can display test reports saved in the instrument on
the screen of the USM 100.
Test report setup

A test report can contain different information and data,
as well as screen captures.
Test report templates are created and edited with the
software Mentor Create, which is described in a sepa-
rate manual.

6 Documentation Screen captures
6.2 Screen captures

You can save an image of the entire screen. Screen
captures are saved in the selected default directory. The
file name is generated automatically and consists of the
name of the current application, the date and the time,
for example USM100_Standard_2021-03-02_16.09.49.
You can rename all stored files directly with the
USM 100 (see page 189).
You can find the Screen capture function in the Com-
mand bar (see page 66).
– If required, tap the Freeze icon in the Command bar.

– Tap the Screen capture icon. The screen capture is
stored immediately.
A message in the information line confirms the success-

ful storing.

Data Recorder 6 Documentation
6.3 Data Recorder You can store readings in a grid matrix and, in this way,
structure them according to the test tasks. The grid ma-
All functions and settings for documentation with the trix consists of rows and columns.
data recorder can be found on the Data Recorder panel In this way, you can e.g. use the rows for test locations
(see page 72 for panel selection). and the columns for single test points. In a grid matrix
consisting of 9 rows and 4 columns, you will then store
the results of a test location in one row each. If you have
not processed a test point, the corresponding cell in the
grid matrix remains empty.
The data recorder enables you to easily manage test

tasks with wall thickness measurements, and to store
and to document readings in a structured manner with
or without an A-scan.

6 Documentation Data Recorder
Switching between views

Together with the grid matrix the A-scan is displayed.
This allows you to change UT settings without having to
switch to another panel.
As an alternative the split-screen view, you can display
either the A-scan or the data recorder matrix in full
screen.
– Double-tap in the respective screen area to switch to
the full-screen view.
– Double-tap in the full-screen view to return to the
split-screen view.
Changing the display size

– In the grid matrix tap on the first column with the row
numbers. A slider is displayed.
– Tap the + (plus) and - (minus) symbols or move the
slider to change the display size of the grid matrix.

Creating a data recorder file

ATTENTION
After generating the file, you can no longer
change the number of rows and columns.
– Tap in the grid matrix to display the available function

group icons.
– Tap on the Setup icon to display the function group.
Before you are able to store readings in a grid matrix,

you have to create a data recorder file.
Among others, you define the following parameters:
● the size (number of rows and columns),
● the automatic filling advance direction for the read-
ings, and
● the data source for the readings (e.g. the sound path
in a gate or between two gates).

FileName Prefix Top

You can enter a name for the Data Recorder file. If you You can set the name of the first field (top left) of the grid
start a new grid matrix and do not change the name, a matrix. Together with the designation of the last field
sequential numbering is automatically appended to the (Bottom), this then results in the total size of the grid
name. matrix.
Alternatively, you can specify the number of rows (Num
Data Source of Rows) and columns (Num of Cols).
You can select which reading should be stored in the For the name only combinations of letters (from A to ZZ)
grid matrix fields. This selection applies to all fields. and numbers (from 1 to 999) are allowed, for example
Possible options: A1 or FA200, similar to tables in MS Excel.
SA = sound path in gate A

Bottom
SB = sound path in gate B
You can set the name of the last field (bottom right) of
SBA = sound path between gates B and A the grid matrix. Together with the designation of the first
field (Top), this then results in the total size of the grid
Amp A = amplitude (% screen height) in gate A
matrix.
Amp B = amplitude (% screen height) in gate B
Alternatively, you can specify the number of rows (Num
of Rows) and columns (Num of Cols).
For the name only combinations of letters (from A to ZZ)
and numbers (from 1 to 999) are allowed, for example
A1 or FA200, similar to tables in MS Excel.

Num of Rows Advance Dir

You can set the total number of rows for the grid matrix. You can set select the automatic filling advance direc-
Together with the number of columns (Num of Cols), tion for the grid matrix. With the setting Row, a row is
this then results in the total size of the grid matrix. completely filled from left to right before readings are
stored in the next row. With the setting Column, a col-
Alternatively, you can specify the first (Top) and the last
umn is completely filled from top to bottom before
(Bottom) field of the grid matrix.
switching to the next column.
The maximum number of rows is 999.
Auto Reverse
Num of Cols
If you switch on the Auto Reverse function, the filling di-
You can set the total number of columns for the grid ma- rection always reverses when the end of a row or col-
trix. Together with the number of rows (Num of Rows), umn is reached. Every second row is then filled from
this then results in the total size of the grid matrix. right to left, every second column from bottom to top.
Alternatively, you can specify the first (Top) and the last
(Bottom) field of the grid matrix. Selected
The maximum number of columns is 999. You can select a specific field to save the next mea-
sured reading there.
Alternatively, you can select a field by tapping in the field
on the screen.

Display TOF Palette
With the Display settings you can Based on the stored TOF reading, the fields of the grid
matrix are shaded in color. You can select the color pal-
ette for these colors.
TOF Color Range

This function can be set in the software Mentor Create
only, which is described in a separate manual.
Amp Palette
Based on the stored amplitude reading, the fields of the
grid matrix are shaded in color. You can select the color
palette for these colors.
Amp Color Range

This function can be set in the software Mentor Create
only, which is described in a separate manual.
Color Ruler
You can switch the color ruler at the right edge of the
grid matrix on or off.

File management 6 Documentation
6.4 File management

All file management functions can be found in the Main
menu (see page 60) under File management.
For special information on handling application files, see
page 61.
The functions for saving reports, settings and screen-
shots as well as for loading settings and data can be 1 2 3 4
found in the Command bar (see page 66).
1 Select file category
2 Sort displayed files
3 Search file
4 Information on file selection and

free memory in the instrument
5 List of files stored in the instrument
6 File selection checkbox for subsequent operation
7 File management functions (see page 188)
8 Main menu (see page 60) 8 7 6 5

6 Documentation File management
File management functions Import

You can import files from a USB stick or from the
Icon Function Page InspectionWorks server to the instrument's internal
memory, for example settings or applications.
Import 188
If you want to import one or more files from a USB stick,
then first insert the USB stick into the socket on the top
Export 189 of the instrument (see page 52).
For data exchange with InspectionWorks, the USM 100
Rename 189 must be connected to the Internet via LAN (see page
201) or WLAN (see page 202).
– Tap on the Import icon. A dialog window opens.
Delete 190
– Select the file source USB Drive or IW (Inspection-
Works).
Back
– If necessary, tap on a folder symbol to select a direc-
tory, then select the files.
– Tap on Download to copy the selected files to the in-
strument.
– Tap on the Back icon to go back to the previous view.

File management 6 Documentation
Export Rename
You can export files from the instrument's internal mem- You can rename the files stored in the instrument's in-
ory to a USB stick or to the InspectionWorks server, for ternal memory.
example for backup purposes or for forwarding or fur-
– In the list of files (see page 187) tap the check box of
ther processing.
the file you want to rename.
If you want to export one or more files to a USB stick,
– Tap on the Rename icon. A dialog box opens.
then first insert the USB stick into the socket on the top
of the instrument (see page 52). – Tap in the text field. A keyboard is displayed.
For data exchange with InspectionWorks, the USM 100 – Enter the name for the file.
must be connected to the Internet via LAN (see page
– Tap on the keyboard symbol at the bottom right of the
201) or WLAN (see page 202).
keyboard to hide the keyboard again.
– In the list of files (see page 187) tap the check boxes
– Tap on OK to save the file with its new name.
of the files you want to export.
– Tap on the Export icon. A dialog window opens.
– Select the export location USB Drive or IW (Inspec-
tionWorks).
– If necessary, tap on a folder symbol to select a direc-
tory, then select the files.
– Tap on Upload to copy the files to the selected loca-
tion.
– Tap on the Back icon to go back to the previous view.

6 Documentation File management
Delete
You can delete the files from the instrument's internal
memory.
Note
Before deleting, you can export the files for
backup purposes (see page 189). The dele-
tion can not be undone.
– In the list of files (see page 187) tap the check boxes
of the files you want to delete.
– Tap on the Delete icon. A dialog box opens.
– Tap on Delete to delete the selected file.

Maintenance and care 7

7 Maintenance and care Maintenance
7.1 Maintenance 7.2 Instrument care

The USM 100 requires basically no maintenance. Clean the instrument and its accessories using a moist
cloth. The following are exclusively recommended for
ATTENTION cleaning:
Any repair work may only be carried out by ● Water,
members of authorized Waygate Technolo-
gies service staff. ● a mild household cleaner, or
● alcohol (no methyl alcohol).
ATTENTION
Do not use any methyl alcohol, and no sol-
vents or dye penetration cleaners! The plas-
tic parts may be damaged or become brittle
due to them.

Battery care 7 Maintenance and care
7.3 Battery care Before transporting by air,

● make sure that the battery charge is below 30%,
Transport and storage ● pay attention to the information on transport and stor-
age in the technical documentation of the specific
ATTENTION battery,
Lithium batteries, identified as being defec- ● follow the instructions of the shipping company for
tive for safety reasons, or that have been packing and transport of lithium batteries.
damaged, that have the potential of produc-
ing a dangerous evolution of heat, fire or
short circuit are forbidden for transport by air.
Pay attention to the permissible ambient conditions for

transport and storage (see Specifications from
page 219).
To prevent short circuits and the associated heating,
lithium batteries must never be stored or transported un-
protected. Suitable measures against short circuits are
● inserting the batteries in original packaging, in the
system case of the instrument or in a plastic bag,
● taping the battery terminals.

7 Maintenance and care Battery care
Charging Battery life and temperature

The capacity and life of batteries mainly depend on the The amount of time that the USM 100 can be run on fully
correct handling. Therefore, please observe the tips be- charged batteries (and the heat generated internally) is
low: directly related to current consumption in the instrument
electronics.
You should charge the batteries in the following cases:
One of the largest consumers of current, and the one
● before the initial startup,
most directly controllable by the user, is the brightness
● after a storage time of 3 months or longer, of the display. Running the display brighter than neces-
sary will drain the battery faster and make the instru-
● after frequent partial discharge.
ment run hotter.
We recommend setting the display brightness as low as
possible (see page 100) and choosing the best color
scheme for your lighting conditions. Our experience
shows that 25% brightness works well for most applica-
tions, with the DARK color scheme for indoor use and
the LIGHT color scheme for outdoor (see page 100).

Battery care 7 Maintenance and care
Disposal of batteries
Lithium batteries are marked with the symbol of the
crossed out symbol.
The symbol reminds you that batteries should not be

disposed of with household waste, but must be collect-
ed separately (see Disposal of batteries, page 217).
To prevent short circuits and the associated heating lith-
ium batteries must never be stored or transported un-
protected (see Transport and storage, page 193).

7 Maintenance and care Software updates
7.4 Software updates Installing an update
You can install the latest software updates for the ATTENTION
USM 100 yourself. During the update process, the power supply
must not be interrupted. The battery charge
Note
must be at least 60% or you must connect
It is recommended to check for latest up- the instrument to the power adapter.
dates before using the instrument.
– Copy the update file into the root directory of the USB
stick.
Look up the version installed in your instrument in the
About section (see page 104) in the General settings – Insert the USB stick into the socket on the top of the
menu (see page 99). instrument (see page 52).
For software updates you need a valid update file (ex- – Access the General settings menu via the Main
tension .mup). Software updates are available via In- menu (see page 60).
spectionWorks. – Select Updates from the left column.
You can install the update file from a USB stick. If no – Tap on Check. The data of the update files is shown.
USB stick is inserted or if no update file is found on it,
the instrument will automatically try to connect to the – Tap on Install to start the installation.
InspectionsWorks platform and download and install
the update file from there. The prerequisite for this is an
established Internet connection via LAN (see page 201) After successful installation the instrument is shut down
oder WLAN (see page 202). automatically. Then, you can power on the instrument
again and use the new software version.

Software updates 7 Maintenance and care
Update in case of malfunction

In the event of a system crash or if the instrument can
no longer be started in the normal way, you can reset or
reinitialize the operating system with a software update.
To do this, you need a valid update file (extension .mup)
on a USB stick.
– Copy the update file into the root directory of the USB 1 2
stick.
– Make sure that the instrument is switched off.
– Insert the USB stick into the USB socket on the top of
the instrument (see page 52).
– Simultaneously press the outer Gain key (2) on the
back and the Power key (1) on the top, and hold the
two keys pressed until the display is turned on.
The installation process will then start. After successful

installation the instrument is shut down automatically.
Then, you can power on the instrument again and use
the new software version.

7 Maintenance and care License upgrade
7.5 License upgrade

You can import licenses, which will then unlock addition-
al functions for your instrument. For this you need a val-
id license file (extension .mlp).
You can import the license file from a USB stick.
– Copy the license file into the root directory of the USB
stick.
– Insert the USB stick into the socket on the top of the
instrument (see page 52).
– Tap on Upgrade. The license file on the USB stick is
shown.
– Select the license file and tap on Upgrade to start the
import.
After successful import the new license is shown next to
the upgrade button (My Device Model).

Interfaces and Peripherals 8

8 Interfaces and Peripherals Interfaces
8.1 Interfaces
1
Overview
The interfaces are located on the top and on the right 2 3
side of the instrument.
– To access the interfaces on the top of the instrument,
slide the lid (1) to the right side until it swings open up-
wards.
The following interfaces are available:

● USB-A connector (2)
● USB-C connector (3)
4
● Connection for power adapter (4)
● I/O interface (5)
● Receiver connection (6) 5
● Transmitter/receiver connection (7)

6

Interfaces 8 Interfaces and Peripherals
USB-A interface USB-C interface

The USB interface type A (see page 200) is used for The USB interface type C (see page 200) can be used
data exchange between the instrument and a standard to connect a USB-C docking hub.
USB stick (see page 52).
By means of the docking hub you can connect the
ATTENTION USM 100 to the LAN network and connect other periph-
erals (monitor, mouse, keyboard) to the instrument.
It is not allowed to connect the instrument to
a computer via a standard USB cable. Con- When connected via LAN network the dedicated soft-
nection to a computer via USB interface ware USM 100 PC can be used, besides other things, to
could lead to serious damage and malfunc- control the instrument.
tions. The USB interface type C can also be used for data ex-
change between the instrument and a USB stick with
type C plug.

WLAN
1
The USB interface type A (see page 200) can be used
2
to connect a WLAN adapter.
Note
It is recommended to plug in the WLAN
adapter together with an extraction tool to 3
make it easier to pull out the very small
adapter later.
– Place the WLAN adapter (1) in the extraction tool (3).

– Plug both together into the USB-A socket.
– Pull the WLAN adapter out of the socket by the loop
(2) of the extraction tool.

Interfaces 8 Interfaces and Peripherals
I/O interface
The I/O interface (see page 200) is providing different
input and output signals like gate alarm output (com-
bined for all gates or individual for one selected gate),
analog output, encoder inputs and signals for service
8
purposes for the Waygate Technologies customer sup-
9 7
port.
14
10 6
11 13
1 5
12
2 4
3

Pin Function Color on cable 156M2384

Lemo LM.SDA311.[A][B]
1 Output Analog signal, analog voltage corresponding to Light blue
gate amplitude or TOF within the gate,
0 … 5V, Imax = 5 mA
2 Output SAP, external trigger, 5 V TTL, Imax = 5 mA Pink
3 Output Alarm signal, 0 V or 5 V, Imax = 5 mA, hold time 500 ms, White
also used for external horn
4 Input Encoder x+ Gray
5 Input Encoder x– Purple
6 Input Encoder y+ Orange
7 Input Encoder y– Yellow
8 Output GND, system ground Green
9 Input Scan signal to start and stop encoded scan, Red
5 V TTL, Imax = 5 mA
10 Output For service, UART_TXD (RS232) Light brown
11 Input For service, UART_RXD (RS232) Black
12 Output +5 V power for encoder, 100 mA Light gray
13 Output Test signal Brown
14 NC No connection Nature

Appendix 9

9 Appendix UT Function directory
9.1 UT Function directory

Note
Some functions are only available if the cor-
responding options are enabled by entering
the license code.
Function name Gain Page
2-Point Cal Source 135
A-Scan Color 113
Acceptance Level 144
Acceptance Line 144
AGC Mode 123
AGC Max Amp / AGC Min Amp 124
AGC Noise 124
Alarm Output 124
Amplitude Correction 142
Amplitude Ruler 112

UT Function directory 9 Appendix
Analog Output 125
Angle Cal Source 137
Auto XX Amplitude 108
Averaging 121
AWS Mode 143
Block 136
Bold Line 143
C/IF Gate Mode 133
Cal Block 144
CNDAC Mode 143
Code 144
Color Leg 114
Color Palette 113
Curve Color 141

Custom Gain Step 108
DAC / TCG 140
DAC Distance 140
DAC Point 140
Damping 121
dbRef Mode 139
Defect Length 144
Define Points 139
Delay Velocity 118
DGS Curve 141
DGS Mode 141
Display Delay 110
Display Range 109
Dual Mode 122

Effective Diameter 118
Envelope 112
Envelope Color 112
Eval Mode 139
Eval Source 139
Eval Points Source 139
Evaluation Line 144
FileName Prefix 115
Filter 121
Freeze Mode 111
Frequency 118
Gain 107
Gain Step 107
Gate A Logic 131

Gate A Start 127
Gate A Threshold 127
Gate A TOF Mode 128
Gate A Width 127
Gate B Logic 131
Gate B Start 131
Gate B Start Mode 132
Gate B Threshold 131
Gate B TOF Mode 131
Gate B Width 131
Gate C Logic 133
Gate C Start 133
Gate C Threshold 133
Gate C TOF Mode 133

Gate C Width 133
Gate Selection 126
Grid 112
Grid Color 113
JISDAC Mode 143
LED Alarm 124
Magnify gate 125
Offline Gain 108
Offset 140
Offset 1 140
Offset Mode 140
Outer diameter 117
Part Type 116
PRF Mode 120

PRF Value 120
Probe Angle 118
Probe Delay 118
Probe Name 117
Probe Selection 117
Probe X-Value 118
Pulse Width 120
Range Ruler 113
Recording Line 144
Rectify 122
Ref. A-Scan Color 114
Ref. Envelope Color 114
Reference Attenuation 142
Reference Size 142

Reference Type 142
S Ref 1 / S Ref 2 135
S Ref 1 / S Ref 2 135
SDH Depth 137
SDH Diameter 137
Test Attenuation 143
Thickness 117
Transfer Correction 108
Velocity 110
Velocity Cal Type 135
Voltage 119

9 Appendix Manufacturer
9.2 Manufacturer Keep the shipping container for any repairs possibly re-
quired which cannot be made on the spot.
The ultrasonic flaw detector USM 100 is manufactured If there is anything special that you would like to know
by: about the use, handling, operation, and specifications of
Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH the instruments, please contact your nearest Waygate
Robert-Bosch-Straße 3 Technologies representative or turn directly to:
50354 Hürth Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH
Germany
Service-Center
T +49 (0) 22 33 601 111 Robert-Bosch-Straße 3
F +49 (0) 22 33 601 402 50354 Hürth
The USM 100 is manufactured according to the state- Germany
of-the-art methods using high-quality components. or:
Thorough in-process inspections or intermediate tests
and a quality management system certified to DIN EN Postfach 1363
ISO 9001 ensure an optimum quality of conformance 50330 Hürth
and workmanship of the instrument. Germany
Should you nevertheless detect an error on your instru- T +49 (0) 22 33 601 111
ment, power the instrument off and remove the batter- F +49 (0) 22 33 601 402
ies. Inform your local Waygate Technologies customer
service and support, indicating the error and describing
it.

Service contacts 9 Appendix
9.3 Service contacts
Region Location Contact
Europe Germany / Headquarters waygate.service.utsp@bakerhughes.com +49 2233 601 111
Europe UK waygate.service.uk@bakerhughes.com +44 845 601 5771
Europe France waygate.service.fr@bakerhughes.com +33 4 72 17 92 16

+33 4 72 17 92 22
+33 4 72 17 92 23
Europe Spain waygate.service.es@bakerhughes.com +34 91 7920321
Asia Japan UT.Services.Japan@bakerhughes.com +81 3 6864 1737
Asia Singapore asiaservice.rvi@bakerhughes.com +65 6213 5507
China China China_inhouse_service@bakerhughes.com +86 400-818-1099
India India svc.it.india@bakerhughes.com +91 2135620426
Latin America Brazil waygate.latam@bakerhughes.com +55 11 3958 0098

+55 19 2104 6983
North America USA waygate.usa@bakerhughes.com +1 832 325 4368
Russia Russia wt.service.RCIS@bakerhughes.com +7 495 771 72 40 4320

9 Appendix Environmental protection regulations
9.4 Environmental protection The crossed-out wheeled bin symbol invites you to use
those systems.
regulations
This section contain information about the following top-
ics:
● WEEE directive
● Disposal of batteries
WEEE directive (Waste Electrical and

Electronic Equipment) If you need more information on the collection, reuse,
and recycling of recyclable material, please contact your
Waygate Technologies is an active participant in Eu-
local waste management company.
rope's Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) take-back initiative, directive 2012/19/EU. Visit ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index-
_en.htm for take-back instructions and more informa-
The instrument that you have bought has required the
tion about this initiative.
extraction and use of natural resources for its produc-
tion. It may contain hazardous substances that could
impact health and the environment.
In order to avoid the dissemination of those substances
in the environment and to diminish the pressure on our
natural resources, we advise you to use the appropriate
take-back systems. Those systems will reuse or recycle
in an environmentally safe way most of the materials of
your instrument which is no longer capable of functioning.

Environmental protection regulations 9 Appendix
Disposal of batteries What do the markings mean?
This product contains batteries that cannot be disposed Batteries and accumulators must be marked (either on
of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. the battery, on the accumulator, or on their packaging,
Please read carefully the data sheets for the battery depending on the size) with the separate collection sym-
type used. Each battery is marked with this symbol bol. In addition, the marking must include the chemical
which indicates that the product may contain cadmium symbols of specific levels or toxic metals as follows:
(Cd), lead (Pb), or mercury (Hg). For proper recycling, ● Cadmium (Cd) over 0.002 %
return the batteries to the manufacturer or to a designat-
ed collection point. ● Lead (Pb) over 0.004 %
● Mercury (Hg) over 0.0005 %

9 Appendix Environmental protection regulations
The risks and your role in minimizing them ● Lead is poisonous in all compounds. It accumulates
in the body so that any form of exposure is critical. In-
By participating in the proper waste disposal, you would
gestion and inhalation of lead can cause severe inter-
make a valuable contribution towards reducing the dam-
nal injuries. These may result in brain damage,
ages possibly caused to the environment and human
convulsions, malnutrition, and sterility.
health by the batteries or accumulators. For proper re-
cycling, you should return the instrument and/or the bat- ● Mercury creates hazardous vapors already at room
teries it contains to the manufacturer or to a designated temperature. Exposure to high concentrations of
collection point. mercury vapor can cause a variety of severe symp-
toms. These include e.g. chronic inflammation of
Some batteries or accumulators contain toxic metals
mouth and gums, personality change, nervousness,
that pose serious risks to human health and to the envi-
fever, and rashes.
ronment. When required, the product marking may in-
clude chemical symbols that indicate the presence of
toxic metals in the product: Pb for lead, Hg for mercury,
and Cd for cadmium.
● Cadmium poisoning can result in cancer of the lungs
and prostate gland. Chronic diseases may include
kidney damage, pulmonary emphysema, as well as
bone diseases such as osteomalcia and osteoporo-
sis. Cadmium may also cause anemia, discoloration
of the teeth, and anosmia (loss of smell).

Specifications 10

10 Specifications
General features
Dimensions (W × H × D) 216 mm × 138 mm × 60 mm
Weight 1.2 kg (including two batteries)
Input supply voltage +15 V DC
Battery operational time 5h
Number and type of batteries 2 × Li-Ion, 1 for hot swap
Storage temperature –20 … +70 °C
Operating temperature –10 … +50 °C
Pulse repetition frequencies 10 … 2000 Hz
Maximum power consumption 45 W
Typical power consumption 9W
Available measurement units mm, inches
Compliance to UT standard EN ISO 22232-1

10 Specifications
Environmental
Protection grade IP 67
Shock IEC 60068-2-27
Vibration IEC 60068-2-6
Humidity EN 60068-2-30:2005
EMC EN 61326-1, EN 55011
Low Voltage Directive IEC 61010
Display
Screen size and resolution 1024 × 600 pixels
Range of sound velocities 250 … 16000 m/s
Available views A-scan; B-,C-scan only available in certain models
Delay –10 … +3500 µs
Depth 3 … 27000 mm (in steel)
Maximum digitization frequency
without processing 100 MHz
Digitization frequency
with processing 400 MHz
Digitizer vertical resolution 23 bit

10 Specifications
Highest digitized frequency

according to ISO 22232-1 30 MHz
Time base error <+/- 0,5%
Interfaces
Power input Lemo 0S
Probe connectors Lemo 00
Input/Output Lemo 1B, 14 pin
USB 2.0 Type A
USB 3.0 Type C
Transmitter
Pulse repetition frequency 10 … 2000 Hz
Shape of transmitter pulse negative unipolar pulse
Transmitter voltage 50 … 350 V (10 V increments)
Fall time <15 ns
Duration 40 … 2500 ns
Damping resistor 50 or 400 Ohm
Output impedance <5 Ohm

10 Specifications
Receiver
Maximum input voltage 40 Vpp
Linearity of vertical display +/-2%
Frequency response 0,2 … 30 MHz (-3 dB)
Digital filters 12 bandpass and high pass filters
Dead time after transmitter pulse < 5 µs
Equivalent input noise <80 nV/SQR (Hz)
Gain range 110 dB
Input resistance <400 Ohm
Input capacitance <70 pF
Time-corrected gain (TCG) 16 points, 100 dB dynamic, 90 dB/40 ns slope
Cross-talk between
transmitter and receiver >80 dB
Signal averaging 2, 4, 8, 16, 32

10 Specifications
Data acquisition
Maximum number of
samples per A-scan 1024 points
Data storage, internal 64 GB
Gates
Number of gates 3 (one can be used as interface gate)
Measurement modes flank, peak, zero crossing before, zero crossing after, J-flank, first peak
Threshold (all gates) 5 … 95%
Start/Width (all gates) 0 … 27000 mm
Resolution of TOF 2.5 ns
Resolution of amplitude 1 % FSH
Linearity of monitor gate amplitude +/-2%
Linearity of analogue output +/-2%
Evaluation modes TCG, DAC, DGS, AWS, dB REF, JISDAC, CNDAC

Index 11

11 Index
Numerics alarm output 203

LED 124
2-Point Cal Source 135
Alarm Output 124
Allow Remote Access 104
A
Amp Color Range 186
A Freeze 111
Amp Palette 186
AB Freeze 111
Amplitude Ruler 112
About 104
Analog Output 125
AC power adapter 44
Analog output 203
Acceptance Level 144
Angle Cal Source 137
Acceptance Line 144
Angle of incidence 118
Addresses 214, 215
Angle probe 6
Advance Dir 185 defining the angle 149
AGC Max Amp 124 Application 61
AGC Min Amp 124 deleting 64
AGC Mode 123 installing 63
launching 62
AGC Noise 124
Application desktop 61
AGT 6
A-scan 70
Alarm
freeze mode 111
Alarm Output 124

11 Index
normal mode 70 Battery

overview 65 care 193
zoom mode 70 charge level 7, 47
A-Scan (function group) 109 charging 194
disposal 195, 217
A-Scan Color 113
life and temperature 194
Auto Calibration (function group) 135 storage 193
Auto Reverse 185 transport 21, 193
Auto XX Amplitude 108 Battery operation 21
Automatic echo height 66 changing the battery 46
Automatic gain control 123 charge level 47
charging 44
AutoXX 66
checking the battery 47
Averaging 121, 124 external charging 50
AWS D1.1 171 inserting the battery 46
AWS D1.5 171 internal charging 50
power level indicators 48
AWS Mode 143
second battery 46
B Block 136
Bold Line 143
B Freeze 111
Bottom 184
BackLight Time 101
Basic settings 96

11 Index
C Color Leg 114

Color Palette 113
C/IF Gate Mode 133
Color Ruler 186
Cal Block 144
Color Scheme 100
Calibrate 66
Command bar 65, 66
Calibration 135, 145
icons 3, 4
dual-element probes 148
key operation 90
measuring point 145
Multi BW 146 Compare 111
Multi Step 147 Connection
record echo 66 monitor 53
Care 192 network 53
power adapter 44, 45
Changing the battery 46
probe 51
Charge level of battery 7, 47 USB-A 52
Charging the battery 50 USB-C 53
Checking the battery 47 Controls 8, 87
Cleaning 192 Curve Color 141
Clear 67 Curve color DAC 141
CNDAC 175 Curved 116
CNDAC Mode 143 Custom Gain Step 108
Code 144

11 Index
D views 182
Data Source 184
DAC 6, 152
Curve color 141 Date 102
Echo evaluation 157 Date Format 102
multiple DAC curves 156 dB increment 107
DAC / TCG 140 dB REF 6, 150
DAC curve dB step 75, 80, 107
deleting 155 dB-difference measurement 150
recording 153
dbRef Mode 139
turning off 155
Decimal 103
DAC Distance 140
Defect Length 144
DAC Point 140
Defects/errors 22
Damping 121
Define Points 139
Data
loading 68 Delay 118
saving 68 Delay Velocity 118
Data Recorder 181 Deleting 67, 178
Command bar 67 file 190
creating file 183 reference echo 150
display 186 Depth SDH 137
display size 182
DGS 6, 159

11 Index
deleting a reference echo 166 Disposal

error message 164 batteries 195, 217
locks 164 instrument 216
multiple curves 165 WEEE directive 216
recording a reference echo 163 Distance Units 103
settings 163
Distance-amplitude correction 152
turning off 166
Download file 189
DGS Curve 141
Dual Mode 122
DGS evaluation 165
DGS Mode 141
E
Diameter 117, 118
Echo display comparison 28
Diameter SDH 137
Echo evaluation 128
Display Data Recorder 186
Echo height comparison 150
Display Delay 110
Effective Diameter 118
Display Range 109
Encoder input 203
Display symbols
Command bar 3, 4 Energy saving 101
function groups 5 Envelope 67, 112
power level 7, 48 Envelope Color 112
status 6
Environmental compatibility 216
Display zero 110 Environmental protection regulations 216

11 Index
Eval Mode 139 functions 188

Eval Points Source 139 FileName Prefix 115, 184
Eval Source 139 Files
Evaluation (function group) 138 iwp 63
mlp 198
Evaluation Line 144
mup 196
Evaluation mode 139 ups 97, 98
Evaluation of flaws 27
Filter 121
Evaluation source 139
First Peak 129
Export file 189
Flank 76, 129
Flat 116
F
Flaw boundary method 27
FCC compliance 23 Flaw class 171
File Flaw gain 171
deleting 190
Freeze 6, 66, 111
download 189
export 189 Freeze Mode 111
import 188 Frequency 118
renaming 189 Full Wave (Rectify) 122
upload 188
Function groups 65, 73, 106
File management 187 A-Scan 109

11 Index
Auto Calibration 135 selecting 78, 89

Evaluation 138 UT Function directory 206
Gain 107
Gates 126 G
icons 5
Material Probe 116 Gain 75, 80, 107, 123
overview 106 Automatic gain control 123
Probe Angle 136 Offline Gain 108
Pulser Receiver 119 Gain (function group) 107
UT Setup 123 Gain functions 80
Functions Gain Step 67, 107
basic settings 96
Gate
Command bar 3, 4, 66 magnify 125
executing 78, 89
normal mode 71
file management 188 position 86, 127
function group icons 5
TOF mode 128
function groups 73
zoom mode 71
gain 80
Gate A Logic 131
keys 8, 87
locked 85 Gate A Start 127
main functions 74 Gate A Threshold 127
measurement line 81 Gate A TOF Mode 128
overview function groups 106
Gate A Width 127

11 Index
Gate B Start Mode 132 Information line 65

Gate mode (gate C/IF) 133 Warnings 77
Gate Selection 126 Instrument settings 99
Gate tracking 132 Interfaces 200

alarm output 203
Gates 71
I/O 200, 203
Gates (function group) 126 LAN 201
General settings 99 power adapter 200
Grid 112 USB-A 200, 201
Grid Color 113 USB-C 200, 201
WLAN 202
I Internet 201, 202
I/O interface 200, 203

J
Icons
Command bar 3, 4 J-Flank 129
function groups 5 JISDAC 174
status 6, 75 JISDAC Mode 143
Import file 188
Inches 103 K
Incompatible settings 84 Key functions 8, 87
Indicators 6, 7, 48, 75 Key operation 88

11 Index
Keyboard 201 M
Keys
Magnify Gate 67
functions 8, 87
locking 69 Magnify gate 6, 125
operation 88 Main functions 79
Main menu 60
L Maintenance 192
LAN 201 Malfunction 197
Language 103 Manufacturer 214
LED Alarm 124 Material
instrument 216
LED signals 93
test object 26
License 104, 198
Material Probe (function group) 116
License upgrade 198
Measurement line 65, 76
Limits of testing 25
configuration 105
Lock 69 functions 81
Locked functions 69, 85 Measuring point 76, 145
DGS 164
Metric 103
Logic (gate) 131
Monitor 201
Monitor connection 53
Mouse 201

11 Index
Multi-color LED 93 keys 88

Multiple page report touchscreen 78
saving 69 Operator training 24
Orientation 101
N Outer diameter 117
Negative HW (Rectify) 122 Output
Network 201, 202 alarm 124
analog 125
Network connection 53, 57
Overview 3, 29
Num of Cols 185
A-scan 65
Num of Rows 185 key functions 87
LED signals 93
O UT function groups 106
Offline Gain 108

Offset 140
P
Offset 1 140 Panel selector 65, 72
Offset Mode 140 Part Type 116
Operating manual 33 Peak 76, 129
Operating time 7 Positioning 44
Operation Positioning the gates 86

11 Index
Positive HW (Rectify) 122 calibration 145

Power adapter 44, 200 Probe Name 117
Power level indicators 7, 48 Probe Selection 117
Power supply 44 Probe X-Value 118
Powering Off 55 Pulse repetition frequency 120
Powering On 54 Pulse Width 120
Prerequisites Pulser Receiver (function group) 119
testing 24 Pulser voltage 119
training 24
Pulser-receiver separation 6, 122
wall thickness measurement 26
PRF Mode 120
Q
PRF Value 120
Quick save 67
Printing 178
Probe Angle 118
R
Probe angle 149
Radio frequency (Rectify) 122
Probe Angle (function group) 136
Range Ruler 113
Probe connection 51
Rating welds 171
Probe damping 121
Reading
Probe data (DGS) 167
Data Recorder 181
Probe Delay 110, 118

11 Index
Readings 76 Remote Connection 104

Recording Renaming 189
DAC curve 153 Repair 192
reference echo 150
Report
Recording a reference echo (DGS) 163 saving 69
Recording Line 144 RF (radio frequency) 122
Rectify 122 Ruler 112, 113
Ref. A-Scan Color 114
Ref. Envelope Color 114 S
Reference blocks (CNDAC) 176 S Ref 1 135
Reference echo S Ref 2 135
deleting 150
Safety information 20
echo height comparison 151
recording 150 Save
quick save 67
Reference gain 171
screen capture 180
Reject 6 test report 178
Remaining wall thickness 27 Saving settings 97
Reminder 6 Screen Brightness 100
Remote access 104 Screen capture 68, 180
Remote Command 104 Screen Orientation 101

11 Index
SDH Depth 137 Start (gate) 127

SDH Diameter 137 Start mode (gate B) 132
Selected 185 Start up problem 197
Service contacts 215 Starting 54
Settings 82 Status indicators 6, 65, 75
incompatible 84 Symbols 7, 48
loading 68, 98 Command bar 3, 4
saving 68, 97 function groups 5
Shutdown 55 status 6, 75
Sidebar 74, 79 System 100
Signals 203 System crash 197
Software 22
Software update 104, 196 T
Software version 104, 196 T socket 51
Sound attenuation (DGS evaluation) 165 T/R socket 51
Sound attenuation factor 171 TCG 6, 140
Sound attenuation in test object 165 Technical test requirements 25
Sound velocity 110 Temperature 27
Square-wave pulser 119 Temperature Units 103
Standard 111 Test Attenuation 165

11 Index
Test object material 26 operation 78

Test report 178 Transfer Correction 108
deleting 178 Transfer correction 165
displaying 179
Transfer loss 6
printing 178
trueDGS 170
saving 178
setup 179
Thickness 117
U
Threshold (gate) 127 Units 103
Through 122 Update 104, 196
Time 102 Upload file 188
Time Format 102 USB stick
Time Zone 102 connector 201
inserting 52
TOF Color Range 186
USB-A connector 200
TOF mode (gate) 128
USB-A interface 201
TOF mode (symbol) 128
USB-C connector 200
TOF Palette 186
USB-C interface 201
Top 184
USM 100 PC 201
Touchscreen
locking 69 UT Function directory 206
UT Setup (function group) 123

11 Index
V Z
Velocity 110, 116, 118 Zero After 129
calibration 145 Zero Before 129
Velocity Cal Type 135 Zoom
Version 104, 196 A-scan 70
VNC Client 56 gate 71
Voltage 119
W
Wall thickness 117
Wall thickness measurement 26
WEEE directive 216
Welds rating 171
Width (gate) 127
Wi-Fi 202
Wireless network 202
WLAN interface 202

11 Index

RemoteService@bakerhughes.com
waygate-tech.com
© 2021 Baker Hughes

All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
bakerhughes.com

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Krautkrämer USM 100

Id. No. 160M4395 Rev. - (09/2021)

Switch between Command bar icons Reset envelope curve

Switch to the previous panel Magnify Gate (see page )

A-scan freeze (Freeze, see page 66) Pause data recording

Set the echo to defined screen height

Calibrate (record echo) Save reading in data grid

Delete (e.g. reference or data grid) Stop data recording

Krautkrämer USM 100 Rev. - (09/2021) 3

Quick save Export CSV file

Load settings Save screen capture

Save settings Save report

Load data Save multiple page report

Save data Lock the touchscreen operation

4 Rev. - (09/2021) Krautkrämer USM 100

A-Scan Auto Calibration

Material Probe Probe Angle

Pulser Receiver Evaluation

UT Setup Setup (Data Recorder)

Gates Display (Data Recorder)

An alphabetical list of all functions in the function groups

Krautkrämer USM 100 Rev. - (09/2021) 5

Power level indicators

Freeze active (Freeze), DGS reference echo has

Angle probe 30° … 90°, flat DGS reference echo has

Angle probe 30°, curved

Angle probe 80°, curved

6 Rev. - (09/2021) Krautkrämer USM 100

Battery is charged, remaining operating time in hours (approx. value)

Battery charge level, remaining operating time in hours (approx. value)

Warning: Low battery charge

Power adapter is connected, percentage of battery charge level (approx. value)

Krautkrämer USM 100 Rev. - (09/2021) 7

5 6 1 Move up on a menu or list,

2 2 Select an item from a menu or list

3 Move down on a menu or list,

4 Navigate between major areas of the screen

6 On the back: Decrease gain or move left

8 Rev. - (09/2021) Krautkrämer USM 100

1 Introduction Echo display comparison method . . . . . . . .28

Technical test requirements . . . . . . . . . . . .25 2.2 Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Krautkrämer USM 100 Rev. - (09/2021) 9

3.3 Connecting a probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Information line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

3.4 Inserting a USB stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.4 Operation with touchscreen. . . . . . . . . . 78

3.5 Other connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Executing or selecting a function . . . . . . . 78

3.7 Remote Connection Setup . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.6 Operation with keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.3 A-scan view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5 Operation

Main functions sidebar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.3 Loading settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

10 Rev. - (09/2021) Krautkrämer USM 100

Remote Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Envelope Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

5.5 Measurement line configuration . . . . . .105 Range Ruler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Krautkrämer USM 100 Rev. - (09/2021) 11

Probe Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 LED Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

5.10 Pulser Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.12 Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

5.11 UT Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Gate B Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Gate B TOF Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

AGC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Gate B Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131