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Summary
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW,
PUNJAB

SOCIOLOGY PROJECT
TOPIC- ARRANGE MARRIAGE VS LOVE
MARRIAGE
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Chirkankshit Bihari Dr Ashish Gaur
Bulani Asst. Professor of Sociology
RGNUL, Punjab
Roll No: 22138

6
0|Page
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This certificate is to declare that this project titled “ARRANGE VS LOVE
MARRIAGE” is the bona-fide work of Chirkankshit Bihari Bulani, a student of
the Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Punjab.

Signature

Chirkankshit Bihari Bulani

1|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Dr Ashish Gaur, our Sociology
teacher for hid able guidance and support in completing my project. His help was
instrumental in the project and she constantly resolved doubts encountered during making
this project.

I would also like to appreciate the library staff which who me through the use of online
databases and journals.

Lastly, I also offer my thanks to my parents and friends without their support and
encouragement of whom I would not have been able to complete this project.

2|Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS

A COVER PAGE 00
B BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE 01
C ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 02
D TABLE OF CONTENTS 03
1 INTRODUCTION 04-06
1.1 What is marriage?
1.2 Characters and functions of marriage
1.3 Importance of marriage
2. Types of Marriage 07-08
2.1 Monogamy
2.2 Polygamy
2.3 Child marriage

3 Marriage on Basis of who decides the spouse 09


3.1 Love Marriage
3.2 Arrange Marriage

4 Love Marriage and Arrange Marriage, A 10


Comparison

E BIBLIOGRAPHY 11

3|Page
1. INTRODUCTION
8
Established by the Human society to control and regulate the sex life of Man,
Marriage is a universal social institution. Closely connected with Family, it is
sometimes connected as the the starting extension of the institution of family. It is
also complementary in ature to institution of Family. Although its considered a
universal institution, its characterstics, function, types and forms vary throughout
cultures. We shall answer the following questions in relation to marriage during our
research-

 What is Marriage?

 How do we define Nature, characteristics and functions of Marriage?

 What are different types of Marriage?

 What is Love and arranged marriage?

 Love vs Arrange Marriage?

4|Page
1.1 What is Marriage?

Marriage, also called wedlock can be defined as an institution which has cultural
and legal recognition from society. It is a union, usually between two spouses,
however, the number of spouses can differ on basis of the type of marriage.
Although it has a universal nature, its definition and characteristics vary highly
across times and religions. It is an institution which regulates sexual
interpersonal relationships between spouses and provides them with a legal and
cultural sanctions. In many cultures, marriage
4
is considered to be compulsory
before pursuing any physical activity. A state, an organisation, a religious
leader, a tribal group, a local community, or peers may all recognise the
marriage. It is frequently seen as a contract. A religious institution performs a
religious marriage to acknowledge and 1formalise the privileges and duties that
are inherent to matrimony in that faith. In The History of Human Marriage
(1891), Edvard Westermarck defined marriage as "a more or less durable
connection between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of propagation
till after the birth of the offspring.1 The anthropological handbook Notes and
Queries (1951) defined marriage as "a union between a man and a woman such
that children born to the woman are the recognized legitimate offspring of both
partners."2 According to Malinowski, Marriage is a “contract for the production
and maintenance of children”. According to Alfred McClung Lee, “ Marriage is
the public joining together, under socially specified regulations of a man and a
woman as husband and wife.” According to Robert H Lawie, “ Marriage is a
relatively permissible bond between two individuals.”

1
Westermarck, Edward (1 April 2003). History of Human Marriage 1922. Kessinger Publishing. p. 71. 5|Page
2
Notes and Queries on Anthropology. Royal Anthropological Institute. 1951. p. 110.
1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MARRIAGE

 UNIVERSALITY- Marriage is a universalised institution. In almost all


societies, it is considered to be an essential to live a fulfilled life, and many
cultures treat unmarried people as criminals or out-casts. Examples- In Japan,
Celibacy receives public condemnation, In Hinduism, marriage is regarded as
obligatory in many circumstances. According to Chinese Philosopher
Confucius, somebody who doesn’t marry commits a grave crime.

 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND WOMAN- Marriage is regarded as


a bond between man and woman, and is often the rulebook for defining social
rules regarding to who should marry whom and who not. It also defines how
many partners should one have.

 MARRIAGE BOND IS ENDURING- Marriage inculcates a long-lasting


relationship between partners which is not co-extensive with sex life. It2
enjoys
higher status than other relations such as with prostitutes as it endures even
after sexual pleasure is obtained.

 MARRIAGE REQUIRES SOCIAL APPROVAL- A union of Man and


woman become a marital bond only when society gives its approval. When
marriage is given a hallmark of social approval, it becomes a legal contract.

 MARRIAGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME CIVIL OR RELIGIOUS


CEREMONY- Marriage receives it social recognition from ceremonies,
which usually include rites and rituals which grant it social sanction through
testaments of religion. This means marriage is concluded through public and
solemn manner.

 MARRIAGE CREATES MUTUAL OBLIGATIONS- Marriage introduces


certain responsibilities on both the partners on fronts of economic, social,
cultural and political management.

6|Page
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF MARRIAGE

 REGULATION OF SEX LIFE- Sexual impulses are very strong and men, and
multiple factors are always influencing it. It requires careful and purposeful
control to prevent chaos and anarchy in the ety. Hence, the involvement 5
of
marriage is highly essential to control this urge of sex. For this reason, Marriage
is often called the licence for sex life.

 MARRIAGE LEADS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A FAMILY- Sexual


satisfaction offered by Coitus in a Marriage leads to self perpetuation. Marriage
is where children are born and raised. It also determines descent of newly- born
individuals.

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 MARRIAGE PROVIDES FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION- it makes
division of labour possible on basis of sex. Partners of Marriage divide work and
perform different operations.

 MARRIAGE PROVIDES FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY- Marriage not only


brings two partners together but also brings two families together. Familial ties
of friendship are enforced through ties of marriage.

7|Page
2. TYPES OF MARRIAGE

2.1 MONOGAMY
Monogamy is a form of Marriage where one man marries on woman. It is the most widely
practised, among traditional as well as civilised modern communities. It is almost a universal
practice at present. In many cultures, it is considered the most ideal form of marriage. Its
universally practicable, economically better suited, promotes better understanding between
husband and wife, contributes to stable family and sex life, helps to better socialisation, aged
parents are not neglected, and also provides better status for women.

2.2 POLYGYNY
This is a form of marriage, where one man marries more than one woman at any given time. It is
much more popular than polyandry but not as universal as monogamy. It prevailed among
ancient Hebrews, Assyrians, Babylonians. At present, it is widespread among primitive socities
but only the wealthier classes. It is categorized in two types, namely sororal and non sororal
polygyny. In sororal polygyny, the multiple wives are invariably sisters, while it’s the vice- versa
in Non- sororal polygyny.

2.3 CHILD MARRIAGE


A kid under a specific age, usually 18 years old, and an adult or another child enter into a
marriage or other similar arrangement, whether formally or informally. Gender disparity is the
primary cause of the great majority of child weddings, which are unions of females and males.
Although both the age of majority (legal adulthood) and the marriageable age are often set at 18,
these two milestones differ between nations, thus the marriageable age may be higher or lower in
a particular nation. Despite the fact that the legal minimum age for marriage is 18, several
countries allow earlier unions with parental approval or under unique conditions like adolescent
pregnancies. Child marriage in India, according to the Indian law, is a marriage where either the
woman or man is below the age of 21. Most child marriages involve girls, many of whom are in
poor socio-economic conditions.

8|Page
3.Marriage on basis of who selects the spouse

3.1 ARRANGE MARRIAGE


A sort of marriage known as a "arranged marriage" is one in which the bride and groom are
mostly chosen by someone other than the actual pair, often by family members like the
parents.In certain societies, a young individual may hire a professional matchmaker to locate a
mate.Many societies have a long history of arranging marriages.In many areas, including South
Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caucasus, the practise is still widespread.During the
19th and 20th centuries, the practise drastically decreased in many other regions of the
world.The United Nations strongly condemns forced marriages, which are common in some
households. Forced child marriage is a particular subcategory that is strongly denounced.People
generally select their mate themselves in different cultures..

3.2 LOVE MARRIAGE


A love marriage is one which is driven solely by the couple, with or without consent of their
parents, as opposed to arranged marriage. While there is no clear definition of love marriage,
the term was in common use globally during the Victorian era. It is still used in the
Commonwealth3countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, as well as Nepal and
Egypt. In India, love marriages started becoming popular in urban areas in the 1970s. Initially,
love marriages occurred between acceptable communities. Love marriage now commonly
transcend ethnic, community and religion barriers.
1
In India, love marriages started becoming popular in urban areas in the 1970s. Initially, love
marriages occurred between acceptable communities. Love marriage now commonly
transcend ethnic, community and religion barriers.

9|Page
ARRANGED MARRIAGE VS LOVE MARRIAGE
Marriage has been one of the most important social institutions in entire existing
tenure of Humanity. As attributed by nature, it became the vehicle of carrying
forward human relations, while also attributing self-perpetuation fostering
procreation of furtherance of human species. As humans got more developed
and civilized, the nature of this very institution has changed dramatically. As
human evolved, so did their emotions and emotional quotients. As the rise of the
modern century starts, part of marriage which involved emotional freedom
became more and more important, and couples became averse to partners which
didn’t let them exercise their own freedom. Yet in middle and south-eastern
societies, arrange marriages still remained the norm for parents to regulate the
structure of the family. While the youth today has been exercising more freedom
in aspects of their occupation and partners, they get in conflict with their parents
and elders, who wish to retain the status quo of their times, and keep the
marriage more family oriented. Arranged marriages often include pressure from
parents, who decide the spouse for their children, and curb the new nature of
today’s youth. Characteristics and issues such as personality, compatibility,
future visions also collide in Arranged marriages, unless a partner with similar
qualities if found. In love marriages, partners have a much better understanding
of each other’s hopes, expectations, and personalities, while this happens after
marriage in an arranged marriage. Role of elders becomes an essential point to
note in an arranged marriage. Elders often make choices for the couple and
enforce their own ideologies, even though the couple might not appreciate the
bounds being placed on them. This is very limited in a scenario of love marriage
where couples make their choices, and also hold responsibility for it. In the end,
we must understand that compatibility, emotions and love lie at the back of
every human relationship, and making a straight-jacket verdict isn’t necessarily
the best choice in such a scenario. We must take into account the personalities,
capacities and compatibility of individuals to understand what would be the best
for them.

10 | P a g e
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Pramila, B. “CHILD MARRIAGE: SCENARIO IN INDIA.” Proceedings of the Indian History


Congress, vol. 74, 2013, pp. 998–1008. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44158905. Accessed 22
Nov. 2022.

2. Allendorf, Keera, and Roshan K. Pandian. “The Decline of Arranged Marriage? Marital Change and
Continuity in India.” Population and Development Review, vol. 42, no. 3, 2016, pp. 435–64. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/44015659. Accessed 22 Nov. 2022.

3. Murray, Melissa. “MARRIAGE AS PUNISHMENT.” Columbia Law Review, vol. 112, no. 1, 2012, pp.
1–65. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41354748. Accessed 22 Nov. 2022.

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Submitted By:Chirkankshit BihariBulaniRoll No: 22138Submitted To


rgnul on 2022-10-20

work of Chirkankshit Bihari Bulani, a student ofthe Rajiv Gandhi National University...
rgnul on 2022-10-20

the bride and groom are


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LOVE MARRIAGEA love marriage is one which is driven solely by the couple, with o...
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