CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts 23

PROBLEMS
Section 1.3 Charge and Current q (C)

1.1 How many coulombs are represented by these 50

amounts of electrons:
(a) 6.482 × 1017 (b) 1.24 × 1018 0
(c) 2.46 × 1019
(d) 1.628 × 1020 2 4 6 8 t (s)

1.2 Find the current flowing through an element if the −50

charge flow is given by:
(a) q(t) = (t + 2) mC
Figure 1.21 For Prob. 1.7.
(b) q(t) = (5t 2 + 4t − 3) C
(c) q(t) = 10e−4t pC
1.8 The current flowing past a point in a device is shown
(d) q(t) = 20 cos 50π t nC in Fig. 1.22. Calculate the total charge through the
(e) q(t) = 5e−2t sin 100t µC point.
1.3 Find the charge q(t) flowing through a device if the

as
current is: i (mA)
(a) i(t) = 3 A, q(0) = 1 C 10

ew
(b) i(t) = (2t + 5) mA, q(0) = 0
(c) i(t) = 20 cos(10t + π/6) µA, q(0) = 2 µC
(d) i(t) = 10e−30t sin 40t A, q(0) = 0
0 1 2 t (ms)
1.4 The current flowing through a device is

c
i(t) = 5 sin 6π t A. Calculate the total charge flow Figure 1.22 For Prob. 1.8.

1.5
ur
through the device from t = 0 to t = 10 ms.
Determine the total charge flowing into an element 1.9 The current through an element is shown in Fig.
so
for 0 < t < 2 s when the current entering its 1.23. Determine the total charge that passed through
positive terminal is i(t) = e−2t mA. the element at:
(a) t = 1 s (b) t = 3 s (c) t = 5 s
1.6 The charge entering a certain element is shown in
se ia re

Fig. 1.20. Find the current at:

(a) t = 1 ms (b) t = 6 ms (c) t = 10 ms i (A)
10
m
ur d v y
Co are stud

5
co
q(t) (mC)
0 1 2 3 4 5 t (s)
80
o.

Figure 1.23 For Prob. 1.9.

er
sh is

Sections 1.4 and 1.5 Voltage, Power, and

Energy
Th

1.10 A certain electrical element draws the current

i(t) = 10 cos 4t A at a voltage v(t) = 120 cos 4t V.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (ms) Find the energy absorbed by the element in 2 s.
1.11 The voltage v across a device and the current i
Figure 1.20 For Prob. 1.6. through it are
v(t) = 5 cos 2t V, i(t) = 10(1 − e−0.5t ) A
Calculate:
1.7 The charge flowing in a wire is plotted in Fig. 1.21. (a) the total charge in the device at t = 1 s
Sketch the corresponding current. (b) the power consumed by the device at t = 1 s.

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 24 PART 1 DC Circuits

1.12 The current entering the positive terminal of a 1.16 Determine Io in the circuit of Fig. 1.27.
device is i(t) = 3e−2t A and the voltage across the
device is v(t) = 5 di/dt V. 12 V
(a) Find the charge delivered to the device between + −
t = 0 and t = 2 s. Io 3A
5A
(b) Calculate the power absorbed. + +
(c) Determine the energy absorbed in 3 s. +
20 V − 20 V 8V
1.13 Figure 1.24 shows the current through and the − −
voltage across a device. Find the total energy
absorbed by the device for the period of 0 < t < 4 s.
3A
i (mA)
50 Figure 1.27 For Prob. 1.16.

1.17 Find Vo in the circuit of Fig. 1.28.

0 2 4 t (s) Io = 2 A

as
v (V)
+ −
10 28 V

ew
6A 12 V 1A
+ −

3A + −
28 V
+
0 1 3 4 t (s) + –

c
30 V − Vo + 5Io
ur −
Figure 1.24 For Prob. 1.13.
6A 3A
Section 1.6 Circuit Elements
so
1.14 Figure 1.25 shows a circuit with five elements. If Figure 1.28 For Prob. 1.17.
p1 = −205 W, p2 = 60 W, p4 = 45 W, p5 = 30 W,
se ia re

calculate the power p3 received or delivered by

Section 1.7 Applications
element 3.
m 1.18 It takes eight photons to strike the surface of a
2 4
ur d v y

photodetector in order to emit one electron. If

4 × 1011 photons/second strike the surface of the
Co are stud

photodetector, calculate the amount of current flow.

co
1 3 5
1.19 Find the power rating of the following electrical
appliances in your household:
o.

(a) Lightbulb (b) Radio set

Figure 1.25 For Prob. 1.14. (c) TV set (d) Refrigerator
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sh is

1.15 Find the power absorbed by each of the elements in (e) Personal computer (f ) PC printer
Fig. 1.26. (g) Microwave oven (h) Blender
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I = 10 A 10 V 8V 4A 1.20 A 1.5-kW electric heater is connected to a 120-V

+ − + − source.
p2 p4 (a) How much current does the heater draw?
14 A
(b) If the heater is on for 45 minutes, how much
+ + p5 energy is consumed in kilowatt-hours (kWh)?
+ p3 (c) Calculate the cost of operating the heater for 45
30 V − p1 20 V 12 V
− − 0.4I minutes if energy costs 10 cents/kWh.
1.21 A 1.2-kW toaster takes roughly 4 minutes to heat
four slices of bread. Find the cost of operating the
toaster once per day for 1 month (30 days). Assume
Figure 1.26 For Prob. 1.15. energy costs 9 cents/kWh.
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 CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts 25

1.22 A flashlight battery has a rating of 0.8 ampere-hours otherwise dark staircase. Determine:
(Ah) and a lifetime of 10 hours. (a) the current through the lamp,
(a) How much current can it deliver? (b) the cost of operating the light for one non-leap
(b) How much power can it give if its terminal year if electricity costs 12 cents per kWh.
voltage is 6 V?
1.25 An electric stove with four burners and an oven is
(c) How much energy is stored in the battery in used in preparing a meal as follows.
kWh?
Burner 1: 20 minutes Burner 2: 40 minutes
1.23 A constant current of 3 A for 4 hours is required to Burner 3: 15 minutes Burner 4: 45 minutes
charge an automotive battery. If the terminal voltage Oven: 30 minutes
is 10 + t/2 V, where t is in hours,
If each burner is rated at 1.2 kW and the oven at
(a) how much charge is transported as a result of the 1.8 kW, and electricity costs 12 cents per kWh,
charging? calculate the cost of electricity used in preparing the
(b) how much energy is expended? meal.
(c) how much does the charging cost? Assume
1.26 PECO (the electric power company in Philadelphia)
electricity costs 9 cents/kWh.
charged a consumer $34.24 one month for using
1.24 A 30-W incandescent lamp is connected to a 120-V 215 kWh. If the basic service charge is $5.10, how
source and is left burning continuously in an much did PECO charge per kWh?

as
ew
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEMS
1.27 A telephone wire has a current of 20 µA flowing Calculate the total energy in MWh consumed by the
through it. How long does it take for a charge of plant.

c
15 C to pass through the wire?
1.28
ur
A lightning bolt carried a current of 2 kA and lasted
for 3 ms. How many coulombs of charge were
p (MW)
8
so
contained in the lightning bolt?
5
1.29 The power consumption for a certain household for 4
a day is shown in Fig. 1.29. Determine: 3
se ia re

(a) the total energy consumed in kWh

(b) the average power per hour. 8.00 8.05 8.10 8.15 8.20 8.25 8.30 t
m
ur d v y

p(t)
Figure 1.30 For Prob. 1.30.
Co are stud

1200 W
co
1000 W 1.31 A battery may be rated in ampere-hours (Ah). An
lead-acid battery is rated at 160 Ah.
(a) What is the maximum current it can supply for
o.

40 h?
400 W 400 W (b) How many days will it last if it is discharged at
er
sh is

200 W 1 mA?
Th

1.32 How much work is done by a 12-V automobile

H

12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 t battery in moving 5 × 1020 electrons from the

noon (hour) positive terminal to the negative terminal?

Figure 1.29 For Prob. 1.29. 1.33 How much energy does a 10-hp motor deliver in 30
minutes? Assume that 1 horsepower = 746 W.

1.30 The graph in Fig. 1.30 represents the power drawn 1.34 A 2-kW electric iron is connected to a 120-V line.
by an industrial plant between 8:00 and 8:30 A.M. Calculate the current drawn by the iron.

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