GLOBAL

WEEK 5 DIVIDES: The

PART 1
North and
the South
 REPORTERS

GAUDAN, MARY JOY GENECIRAN, CISLY MYR OGAYA, KATRINA

PARAO, FRANZ JANE RAMOS, REBECCA RAMOS, SAMANTHA NICOLE

 DEFINITION:

The concept of a gap between

THE GLOBAL the Global North and the
NORTH/SOUTH Global South in terms of
DIVIDE development and wealth.
 The Brandt Report (1983) was published by a commission
chaired by the former German Chancellor Willy Brandt.
The report identified:
2. THE SOUTH
1. THE NORTH - is a geographical

convenience based on the
- are those countries fact that most of the
that are above the poor world lies south of
South 30 degree latitude 30 degrees
North. North. Except for
Australia and New
Zealand.


World Division During Cold War

US and USSR created division

between the Capitalist/Democratic
states and Communist states.

The North-South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic

and political divide.
The Global North refers to the First World and Second World
Countries or Developed Countries.
The Global South refers to the Third World Countries or the
Developing Countries.
 The “First World” The “Second World” was
encompassed all anchored on the
The “Third World,” was
industrialized, democratic industrialized, communist
defined simultaneously as
countries, which were realm of the Soviet Union
the non-aligned world and
assumed to be allied with and its eastern European
as the global realm of
the United States in its satellites, yet it often
poverty and under-
struggle against the Soviet included poor communist
development. India and
Union. Yet not all were: states located elsewhere.
Philippines are examples of
Finland and Switzerland, USSR and China are
third world country.
among others, maintained example of communist
strict neutrality. country
WHAT IS WHAT IS
GLOBAL The Global North (Comprises GLOBAL The Global South - is the

NORTH? SOUTH?
developing countries that
one quarter of the world
comprise three-quarters of the
population)
world population and represent
- refers to developed societies
mainly agrarian economies in
of Europe and North America,
Africa, India, Latin America, and
which are characterized by
others that are not as
established democracy, wealth,
economically sound and
technological advancement,
politically stable as their global
political stability, aging
North counterparts and tend to
population, zero population
be characterized by turmoil, war,
growth and dominance of world
conflict, poverty, anarchy, and
trade and politics.
tyranny (Oden, 2010).
CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE NORTH OF THE SOUTH

1/4 of the world's people 3/4 of the world's people

4/5 of world's income 1/5 of world's income

Average life expectancy The average life

more than 70 years expectancy of 50 years

Most people have 1/5 or more, suffer from

enough food to eat hunger and malnutrition

 CONTINUATION.. CONTINUATION..

Most people are educated 1/2 of the people have little

chance of any education

Over 90% of the world's Less than 10% of the world's

manufacturing industry manufacturing industry

About 96% of the world's 4% of the world's research

spending on research and and development
development

 01

The globalized world faces two contradictory

trends. While a globalized market opens the
prospects of unimagined wealth, it also creates
new vulnerabilities to political turmoil and the
danger of a new gap.
 02
The impact of these new trends on the developing
world is profound.
In economies driven by a near imperative for the
big to acquire the small, companies of developing
countries are increasingly being absorbed by
American and European multinationals.
 03
While this solves the problem of access to capital,
it brings about growing vulnerabilities to domestic
political tensions, especially in times of crisis.
And within the developing countries, it creates
political temptations for attacks on the entire
system of globalization.
 04
The typical developing country's economy bifurcates:
One set of enterprises is integrated into the global
economy, mostly owned by international corporations.

The rest, cut off from globalization, employs much of

the labor force at the lowest wages and with the
bleakest social prospects. In the process, bridging
further gap.
 01

The North-South Divide is criticized for segregating

people along economic lines and is seen as a factor of
the widening gap between developed and developing
economies.
However, several measures have been implemented to
contract the North-South Divide including lobbying for
international free trade and globalization.
 02

The United Nations has developed a program

dedicated to narrowing the divide through its
Millennium Development Goals.
This includes improving education and healthcare,
promoting gender equality, and ensuring environmental
sustainability.
 ASIAN WEEK 5
REGIONALISM PART 2
 REPORTERS

ALMIRA, ABBEY ADONES, ANN CLARIZE BRILLANTES, JULIE ANN

EMBALSADO, ANGELICA ESCOLANO, JANE VIANCA PATRICE

 Regionalism is a functional relation that
bundles multiple nations with political,
economic and cultural inheritance.
REGIONALISM?

Regionalism refers to the loyalty to the
WHY ARE NATIONS interests of a particular region rather than
PARTICIPATES IN
the country as a whole. It is the political
REGIONALISM?
movement with the aim to preserve or to gain
cultural or economic self-reliance (or both).
Asian regionalism focuses on the
relationship between ideas and
politics and examines rapid growth of
Asia’s economy, financial stability and
ASIAN
regional economic integration. REGIONALISM?
REGION AS GEOGRAPHICAL UNIT

REGION AS SOCIAL SYSTEM

REGION AS ORGANIZED COOPERATION CONCEPTS OF

REGIONALISM

 ADB (2008) identified some factors that are NOTES

influential in the integration of Asian
Nations.

DYNAMICS
OF ASIAN
• Enhanced dialogue between citizens of
various nations
• Expanding intraregional trade and REGIONALISM
investments.
• Increased connectivity

 • It provides platform for connecting

financial markets
• It makes the economy more resilient to
BENEFITS OF global risks.
ASIAN • It pools resources.

INTEGRATION • It creates regional mechanisms for

safety and security
 Challenges of Asian
Integration

Economic integration could potentially combine to produce opportunities

to ASEAN countries; however, it could also generate challenges, namely
higher costs related to implementing economic integration across such
economically and culturally diverse countries.

ASEAN is an economic region which has diverse patterns of economic

development. The majority of ASEAN countries are categorized as low
middle income countries, whereas a few are positioned better
economically.
CHALLENGES
High inflation rates
Unequal purchasing power
Managing labor migration
Boosting productivity and
wages
 SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES HAVE HIGH
INFLATION RATES. THIS COULD RESULT IN
HI GH I NFLATI ON RATES DISSIMILAR PRICE LEVELS AND UNEQUAL
AND PURCHASING POWER ACROSS ASEAN MEMBER
UNEQUAL PURCHASI NG COUNTRIES, GIVING SOME COUNTRIES THE
POWER ABILITY TO PURCHASE MORE GOODS OF

ANOTHER MEMBER COUNTRY. ALSO,

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INFLATION COULD
RESULT IN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
INVESTMENT.

 THIS COULD INADVERTENTLY LEAD TO SOME

SECTORS AND INDUSTRIES INCURRING
ECONOMIC LOSSES AND TO SOME WORKERS IN
THE LESS ECONOMICALLY STABLE COUNTRIES
MANAGI NG LABOR TO CONSIDER MIGRATING TO MORE
MI GRATI ON ECONOMICALLY PROSPEROUS MEMBER
AND COUNTRIES. MANY OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIES
BOOSTING ARE CURRENTLY IN VASTLY DIFFERENT
PRODUCTI VI TY AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT, WITH LARGE
WAGES DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HIGH-SAVING

ECONOMIES, SUCH AS BRUNEI, MALAYSIA, AND

SINGAPORE, AND LOW-SAVING ECONOMIES,
SUCH AS CAMBODIA, LAOS, AND THE
PHILIPPINES.

 ASIAN REGIONALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

Have always been active in regional blocs that have been established since the time
of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) up until current regional
groupings.
Firmly believes in establishing close ties with its neighbors and pursue friendship,
amity, and cooperation as embodied in its Constitution.
Remains to be steadfast to the ideals and vision of One ASEAN and give utmost
importance to the tenets of economic integration, the pursuit of peace in the region
and socio cultural cooperation.
 ASIA-PACIFIC INDO-PACIFIC
REGIONALISM REGIONALISM

ASIA-PACIFIC INDO-PACIFIC
ECONOMIC ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
COOPERATION (APEC) (IPEF)

COMPOSED OF 21 COMPOSED OF 14
COUNTRIES COUNTRIES
 ADVANTAGES OF REGIONALISM IN ASIA
AND MAJOR AREAS

HOW REGIONALISM CAN BENEFIT ASIA

link the competitive strengths of its diverse economies
connect the region’s capital markets
cooperate in setting exchange rate and macroeconomic policies
pool the region’s foreign exchange reserves
exercise leadership in global decision making
build connected infrastructure and collaborate
create regional mechanisms
 ADVANTAGES OF REGIONALISM IN ASIA
AND MAJOR AREAS

HOW ASIAN REGIONALISM CAN BENEFIT THE

WORLD

generate productivity gains, new ideas, and competition

contribute to the efficiency and stability of global financial markets
diversify sources of global demand
provide leadership
create regional mechanisms to manage health, safety, and
environmental issues better
 Existing Cooperation in
ASIA
Australia China Japan

India New Zealand

Republic of
Korea
russia united states
 Association
of Southeast ASEAN
Asian Nations
 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or
ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in
Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN

ABOUT
Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the
Founding Fathers of ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei

ASEAN Darussalam joined ASEAN on 7 January 1984,

followed by Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR
and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30
April 1999, making up what is today the ten
Member States of ASEAN.
As set out in the ASEAN Declaration, the aims
and purposes of ASEAN are:
accelerate the economic growth, social progress and

ASEAN
cultural development in the region through joint endeavours
in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to
strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful
community of Southeast Asian Nations;

promote regional peace and stability through abiding

respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship
among countries of the region and adherence to the
AIMS

principles of the United Nations Charter;

promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on

matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural,
technical, scientific and administrative fields;
provide assistance to each other in the form of training and
research facilities in the educational, professional, technical
and administrative spheres;

ASEAN
collaborate more effectively to encourage further growth in
the agriculture and industry, and trade sectors. This includes
improving transportation and communications facilities and
conducting studies on international commodity trade with

AIMS
the overarching goal of raising the living standards of ASEAN
peoples;

promote Southeast Asian studies; and

maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing

international and regional organisations with similar aims and
purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer

cooperation among themselves.

In their relations with one another,
the ASEAN Member States have
adopted the following fundamental F undame nt al
principles, as contained in the Pr i nc i pl e s
Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in
Southeast Asia (TAC) of 1976:

Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty,

equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all
nations;

F undame nt al
The right of every State to lead its national existence
free from external interference, subversion or
coercion;
Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another;
Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful
Pr i nc i pl e s
manner;
Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and

Effective cooperation among themselves.

THE LEADERS ENVISION ASEAN AS
A PEACEFUL, STABLE AND
R E S I L I E N T R E G I O N WI T H I N A
G L O B A L C O MMU N I T Y O F
N A T I O N S WH I L E S T I L L
MA I N T A I N I N G A S E A N
ASEAN
C E N T R A L I T Y . A S E A N C O MMU N I T Y
I S E N V I S I O N E D A S A C O MMU N I T Y
WI T H E N H A N C E D C A P A C I T Y A N D
COMMUNITIES
CAPABILITIES TO BOTH RESPOND
EFFECTIVELY TO CHALLENGES AND
TO SEIZE OPPORTUNITIES.
POLITICAL-SECURITY
C O MMU N I T Y
E C O N O MI C
C O MMU N I T Y ASEAN
SOCIO-CULTURAL
C O MMU N I T Y COMMUNITIES
CROSS-SECTORAL
INITIATIVES
 POLITICAL-SECURITY
C O MMU N I T Y
THE ASEAN POLITICAL-SECURITY
COMMUNITY (APSC) AIMS TO ENSURE

ASEAN
REGIONAL PEACE AND A JUST, DEMOCRATIC,
AND HARMONIOUS ENVIRONMENT.

E C O N O MI C C O MMU N I T Y
THE AEC IS THE REALIZATION OF THE REGION’S
E N D G O A L O F E C O N O MI C I N T E G R A T I O N . I T
E N V I S I O N S A S E A N A S A S I N G L E MA R K E T A N D
COMMUNITIES
P R O D U C T B A S E , A H I G H L Y C O MP E T I T I V E
R E G I O N , WI T H E Q U I T A B L E E C O N O MI C
D E V E L O P ME N T , A N D F U L L Y I N T E G R A T E D I N T O
T H E G L O B A L E C O N O MY .
 SOCIO-CULTURAL
COMMUNITY

THE ASEAN SOCIO CULTURAL COMMUNITY

IS ALL ABOUT REALISING THE FULL
ASEAN
POTENTIAL OF ASEAN CITIZENS. THE ASCC
BLUEPRINT 2025 WAS ADOPTED BY THE
ASEAN LEADERS AT THE 27TH ASEAN COMMUNITIES
SUMMIT ON 22 NOVEMBER 2015 IN
KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA.
 CROSS-SECTORAL
INITIATIVES

ASEAN
KUALA LUMPUR DECLARATION 2015 DECIDED
THAT THE IAI WORK PLAN III AND THE ASEAN
CONNECTIVITY 2025 ADOPTED IN 2016 SHALL
BE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE ASEAN 2025:
FORGING AHEAD TOGETHER. IN ADDITION, TO
IMPLEMENT THE ASEAN VISION 2025, OTHER
CROSS‐SECTORAL/PILLAR ISSUES AND ITS
COMMUNITIES
COORDINATION SHOULD ALSO
CONTINUOUSLY BE ENHANCED AND
STRENGTHENED.
 APEC, EAS
ASIAN REGIONAL AND APT
ORGANIZATIONS (ASEAN PLUS
THREE)
The idea of APEC was firstly publicly broached by former prime
minister of Australia Bob Hawke during a speech in Seoul, Korea,
on 31 January 1989. Ten months later, 12 Asia-Pacific economies
met in Canberra to establish APEC. The founding members were
Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Indonesia; Japan; Korea;
Malaysia; New Zealand; the Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; and
the United States.

China; Hong Kong, China; and Chinese Taipei joined in 1991. Mexico
and Papua New Guinea followed in 1993. Chile acceded in 1994. And
in 1998, Peru; Russia; and Viet Nam joined, taking the full
membership to 21.

ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC
Between 1989 and 1992, APEC met as an informal senior official-
and ministerial-level dialogue. In 1993, former US President Bill
Clinton established the practice of an annual APEC Economic
Leaders' Meeting to provide greater strategic vision and
COOPERATION
direction for cooperation in the region.
The East Asia Summit (EAS) process was initiated in 2005
with the convening of the 1st East Asia Summit in Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. At its inception, the East Asia Summit
comprised 16 participating countries, namely ASEAN
Member States, Australia, China, India, Japan, New
Zealand, and the Republic of Korea. The United States and
Russian Federation joined at the 6th East Asia Summit in
Bali, Indonesia on 19 November 2011.

The East Asia Summit refers to the Meeting of Heads of

EAST ASIA SUMMIT

States/Governments of the EAS participating countries
which is convened annually.
The ASEAN Plus Three (APT) cooperation process began in
December 1997 with the convening of an Informal Summit
among the Leaders of ASEAN and China, Japan and the Republic
of Korea (ROK) at the sidelines of the 2nd ASEAN Informal
Summit in Malaysia.

The APT Summit was institutionalised in 1999 when the

Leaders issued a Joint Statement on East Asia Cooperation at
the 3rd APT Summit in Manila, the Philippines. The Joint
Statement for the first time determined the main objectives,
principles and further directions of APT cooperation. In the
Joint Statement, the APT Leaders resolved to strengthen and
deepen East Asia cooperation at various levels and in various
areas, particularly in economic and social, political and other
ASEAN PLUS THREE
fields.
Eight years later, at the 11th APT Summit in 2007 in
Singapore, the 2nd Joint Statement on East Asia
Cooperation entitled “Building on the Foundations of
ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation” was adopted. The
Statement reaffirmed that the ASEAN Plus Three
Process would remain as the main vehicle towards the
long-term goal of building an East Asian community,
with ASEAN as the driving force. The APT
Cooperation Work Plan (2007-2017) was also
endorsed to serve as the master plan to enhance APT
cooperation. ASEAN PLUS THREE
At the 20th APT Commemorative Summit in
November 2017 in Manila, Philippines, the Leaders
adopted the Manila Declaration on the 20th
Anniversary of APT Cooperation, Philippines,
reaffirming the commitment to deepen and broaden
the APT process, and the important role of the APT
for peace, stability and prosperity in the East Asian
region. The APT would also continue to support the
implementation of the ASEAN Community Vision 2025
to pave the way towards deeper regional
integration in East Asia. ASEAN PLUS THREE
 RISKS
KNOWN RISK
Global demand and financial stability
adverse effects of global warming RISK IN
New health or security BUILDING AN
threats
ASIAN
Environmental damage
Social instability
ECONOMIC
UNKNOWN RISK COMMUNITY
financial contagion as well as deadly
diseases
 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!!!