tcvd3791 2012 06 Sup

FACULTY ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT HYDROLOGY AND WATER SUPPLY
CODE TCVD3791
DATE JUNE 2012
DURATION 3 HOURS MARKS 100
SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER
Internal Examiner: PROF.DR.R.JÜPNER

DR.K.OGEDENGBE
Internal Moderator: PROF.DR.SC.TECHN.HABIL. F.-M. ADAM
DR.A.OGUNMOKUN
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Closed book examination.
2. Read the questions carefully
3. This question paper consist of FIFTEEN questions
4. Answer all questions and show your working
5. Marks for each question are indicated
6. Start each question on a fresh page
7. Use for Part 1 and Part 2 separate Examination Answer
Books in different colors
UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA
EXAMINATIONS
PART I – HYDROLOGY (PROF. DR. R.JÜPNER)
Question 1 (4 points)
Define the following terms

a) evapotranspiration
b) deterministic model
c) gauging station
d) groundwater table
At three rainfall gauging stations within a catchment area a rainfall event was recorded.
a) What approach you suggest to receive the spatial rainfall distribution for the whole
catchment?
b) Explain your answer with the help of a drawing.
Retention basins are very effective for flood protection.

a) Draw the input (flood) hydrograph (inflow into the basin) as well as the output
hydrograph (outflow from the basin) in one chart.
b) Compare the two hydrographs.
c) What are the two most important changes?
d) Explain the reason with your own words!
a) Explain two typical fluvial erosion processes.

b) What negative effects for civil engineering purposes might be resulting?
c) Name two of them.
a) How is the “runoff coefficient” defined?

b) Calculate the runoff coefficient for a catchment area of 14.4 km² for a rainfall event of 2
hours with an effective precipitation intensity of 5mm/h. At the relevant gauging station,
an average discharge of 2m³/s was measured within two hours (baseflow can be set to
zeo).
a) How surface runoff is defined?

b) What possibility do you know to measure it at a gauging station?
a) What are main characteristics of a drought?

b) What types of floods do you know?
c) What is the main difference to a flood referring temporal aspects?
For a streamflow measurement with the help of a current meter, the following values were
measured:
- Cross profile (Trapezoid profile): (b = 2,0 m, h = 1,0 m, n = 3)
- velocity measurements in longitudinal profiles 1-3
Calculate the mean average velocity and the discharge!
Distance
Vertical
Measuring from the Water depth Measuring velocity
boundary
Nr. left bank [m] depth hi [m] [m/s]
line
[m]
V1,1 4.0 1.33 1.10 0.60
1
V1,2 4.0 1.33 0.30 0.60
V2,1 7.5 2.00 0.40 0.40
2 V2,2 7.5 2.00 0.80 1.00
V2,3 7.5 2.00 1.60 2.00
V3,1 11.0 1.33 0.30 0.60

3
V3,2 11.0 1.33 1.10 1.00
PART II – WATER SUPPLY (DR. K. OGEDENGBE)
Discuss sources of water for municipal water supply under the following subheadings:
a) Surface water
b) groundwater
c) water obtained by reclamation
a) Why are pumps necessary in water supply services

b) What are the factors to be considered in the selection of pumps.
At a water treatment plant, 20 million litres of water is treated daily using alum (Al2(SO4)3
18H2O) dosage of 18mg/litre.
Find
a) total quantity of alum used daily,
b) amount of carbon dioxide used daily if the chemical reaction that takes place is
Al2(SO4).18H2O + 3Ca(HCO3)2 = 2Al(OH3) +3CaSO4 + 18H2O + 6CO2 . [ Take Al =
26.97; S= 32.06; O = 16; H = 1.008; C = 12.01)
a) Discuss the significance of water analysis,

b) which parameters are considered in chemical examination of water,
c) discuss each of them.
In planning water supply for a city in 2040, the projected population is required, Given that the
population was 80,000 in 2010 with an average increase per decade of 12,000; average
percentage increase of 36% and incremental increase of 400.
Calculate the population increase by:
a) arithmetical increase method,
b) the geometrical increase method,
c) the incremental increase method.
Discuss the layout of water supply distribution system with sketches under the following
subheadings
a) Dead end or Tee system,
b) Grid-iron or reticulation system,
c) Radial system.
What are the qualities to look for in accepting domestic water as being good?

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FACULTY ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER

Internal Examiner: PROF.DR.R.JÜPNER

Define the following terms

Retention basins are very effective for flood protection.

a) Explain two typical fluvial erosion processes.

a) How is the “runoff coefficient” defined?

a) How surface runoff is defined?

a) What are main characteristics of a drought?

Question 8 (15 points)

Calculate the mean average velocity and the discharge!

V2,1 7.5 2.00 0.40 0.40

2 V2,2 7.5 2.00 0.80 1.00

V2,3 7.5 2.00 1.60 2.00

V3,1 11.0 1.33 0.30 0.60

PART II – WATER SUPPLY (DR. K. OGEDENGBE)

a) Why are pumps necessary in water supply services

a) Discuss the significance of water analysis,

Question 15 (12 points)

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