Unit 7. Cultural Diversity: Part I. Phonetics
Unit 7. Cultural Diversity: Part I. Phonetics
Unit 7. Cultural Diversity: Part I. Phonetics
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
11. In some Asian countries, the groom and bride ____ their wedding rings in front of the altar.
13. On the wedding day, the best man is expected to help the ____.
14. In the past, the ____ and engagement ceremonies took place one or two years before the
wedding.
15. Superstitions ____ an important part in the lives of many people in Viet Nam.
16. Viet Nam has kept a variety of superstitious ____ about daily activities.
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17. Traditionally, most Vietnamese people never ____ the floor during the first three days of the
New Year.
18. Viet Nam is a country situated in Asia, where many mysteries and legends ____.
19. The British usually pay a lot of ____ to good table manners and are expected to use knives,
forks and spoons properly.
20. In the U.S, children can choose their own partners even if their parents object ____ their choice.
21. In the UK, 18-year-olds tend to receive a silver key as a present to ____ their entry into the
adult world.
22. In Australia, on Mother’s Day, the second Sunday in May, children prepare and ____ their
mothers ‘breakfast in bed’.
23. People in Mexico ____ Mother's Day on May 10 by giving their mothers handmade gifts,
flowers, clothing and household appliances.
24. In Viet Nam, you shouldn’t ____ at somebody’s house on the lst day of the New Year unless you
have been invited by the house owner.
25. The newly-weds will fly to Venice to spend their ____ tomorrow.
26. After the wedding ceremony at the church, they go to the hotel for the wedding ____.
27. The bride and groom cut the wedding cake and ____ speeches.
28. Some Koreans believe that it’s impolite to ____ eye contact with a person who has a high
position.
29. Brazilians often ____ each other’s arms, hands or shoulders during a conversation.
30. American people are very informal at home, so they often ____ their hands to eat some kinds of
food.
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A. use B. lend C. wash D. shake
31. Egypt is a traditional country, and it has many customs that are different ____ the U.S.
A. of B. from C. to D. for
32. English people believe that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house,which will bring ____
to the person who has opened it.
33. Superstition suggests that you'll get seven years of bad luck if you ____ a mirror.
34. In the UK, seven is usually regarded ____ the luckiest number while thirteen is the opposite.
35. Polite behavior in one country, however, may be ____ in another part of the world.
36. In Germany, it is important to arrive ____ time when you are invited to someone's house.
A. in B. after C. before D. on
37. Learning about cultural differences in politeness helps you avoid a lot of ____.
38. On many days of the year, Vietnamese people not only ____ the table for meals, but they also
put food on the altar for their ancestors.
40. At the church ceremony, the couple have to make their wedding ____.
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A. B. C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
41. Mary is planning to tie the knot with her German boyfriend next June.
42. In some Asian countries like Viet Nam or China, money is given to the newly-married couple
as a wedding present.
43. In Viet Nam, it is customary to choose a favourable day for occasions such as wedding,
funerals, or house-moving days.
44. Americans value freedom and do not like to be dependent on other people.
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A. addicted B. supportive C. reliant D. responsible
45. In most American families, parents have less influence on their children than those in other
parts of the world.
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
46. Being practical, Americans avoid taking jobs which are beyond their ability.
47. In many countries, it is customary for the bride to throw her bouquet of flowers into a crowd
of well-wishers.
49. Success has always meant providing their families with a decent standard of living.
50. Stores everywhere compete to sell their distinctive versions of Christmas cake before the
holiday.
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
51. These days, in India, there are ____ married couples who live on their own than before.
52. In some countries in the Middle East, people stand ____ to each other than those in North
America in a conversation.
53. Wedding ceremonies are ____ now than they used to be in the past.
54. It's much ____ to celebrate a small and cozy wedding to save money.
55. In some Asian families, parents tend to have far ____ control over their children than those in
some American families.
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A. the more memorable B. more memorable C. the most memorable D. most
memorable
57. Chocolates and flowers are by far ____ presents for mothers on Mother's Day in the UK.
58. Chuseok is one of____ celebrations in the Korean calendar when Koreans give thanks to nature.
59. The more polite you appear to be, ____ your partner will be.
A. the happiest B. the happier C. the most happily D. the more happily
61. The Korean are ____ than the American in addressing their bosses.
62. There are ____ occasions for giving gifts in modern societies than before.
63. June has become ____ month for weddings in many countries when the symbolic flowers, roses,
usually bloom.
64. Before doing something important, Vietnamese people always try to choose ____ time for it.
65. My grandmother feels much ____ whenever I give her a homemade cake on Mother’s Day.
66. People in ____ Western countries are often surprised to learn that ____ Japanese celebrate
Christinas.
67. In Japan, ____ most important holiday of ____ season is New Year’s Day, which comes one week
after Christmas.
68. In India, in the old days, ____ girl’s family used to give ____ boy’s family a gift like money or
jewellery.
69. It is appropriate to bring ____ small gift when visiting ____ home in the U.S.
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A. the - a B. a – a C. a – the D. the – the
70. Traditionally, ____ bride and groom go on their honeymoon immediately after ____ wedding
reception.
71. Whenever I set out for ____ examination, I always try to avoid crossing ____ path of ____ woman.
72. In a wedding ceremony, ____ best man helps ____ groom ready for every preparation.
73. People say that ____ gift lets ____ recipient know how we are thinking of them.
74. Wearing a wedding veil which covers ____ head and face is ____ 2,000-years-old tradition.
75. In the U.S, while represents goodness and is usually ____ color of ____ bride’s wedding dress.
77. ____ man should take off his hat when he goes into ____ house in the UK.
78. W hen you stay at ____ friend's house, you should write ____ thank-you note.
79. Christmas Eve is ____ best time for Japanese youngsters to go out for ____ special, romantic
evening.
80. ____ Japanese manage not to ask direct questions in order not to embarrass ____ person who
they are speaking with.
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in
each of the following questions.
81. People believe that if they borrow money at a beginning of the year, they will have to be in
debt for the rest
A B C
D
of that year.
82. In traditional Indian families, the parents used to arranging the marriage for their children.
A B C D
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83. It is common for Japanese to adapt foreign customs and make them their own.
A B C D
84. In Viet Nam, at the dinner table, you should serve the adults the first and then the children.
A B C D
85. If you make the wish, then blow out all the candles on your birthday cake in one breath, your
wish will be
A B C D
granted.
86. No one is the happiest than the bride and groom on the day of their wedding.
A B C D
87. On first day of the Lunar New Year, Vietnamese people go to the pagoda to pray for the best
luck of the
A B C D
year.
88. For American people, success means ending their career in the highest and more prosperous
position than
A B
C
89. Superstitions exist everywhere on this planet; however, Viet Nam and Asia alike can be
A B C
90. In Viet Nam, gifts for brides and grooms are usually in pairs; for example, two less expensive
blankets are
A B C
Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the
following exchanges.
91. A: “Have you heard? Martin and Lisa have just got engaged!"
B: “____”
92. A: “Well, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have just decided to divorce! Don't you know?"
B: “____”
93. A: “What a beautiful wedding dress you are wearing today, Daisy!"
B: “____”
A. I'm sorry to hear that. B. Thanks, it’s nice of you to say so.
B: “____”
A. No, thanks. B. Have a go, please. C. That’s a good idea! D. It’s too
late.
B: “____”
B: “____”
97. A: “I’m afraid I can't come to your house-warming party next Saturday."
B: “____”
A. That sounds fun. B. Oh, what a pity! C. That’s ridiculous. D. Oh, what a relief!
B: “____”
B: “____”
100. A: “Peter and I are going to spend our honeymoon in Jeju Island!"
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B: “____”
101. A: "I love watching Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. What about you?"
B: ”____”
B: “____”
103. A: "Don’t forget to bargain when buying things in an open-air market in Viet Nam!”
B: "____”
104. A: “____”
105. A: "Would you like to stay with us and spend our traditional Tet holidays together?”
B: "____”
A. What a nice idea! Thanks.B. Oh, lucky you C. What a shame, I will. D. How
come?
Part V. READING
Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
The tradition of gift giving is a worldwide practice that is said to have been around since the
beginning of human beings. Over time, different cultures have developed their own gift giving
customs and traditions.
In France, the gift of wine for the hostess of a dinner party is not an appropriate gift as the hostess
would prefer to choose the vintage for the night. In Sweden, a bottle of wine or flowers are an
appropriate gift for the hostess. In Viet Nam, a gift of whisky is appropriate for the host, and some
fruit or small gifts for the hostess, children or elders of the home. Besides, gifts should never be
wrapped in black paper because this color is unlucky and associated with funerals in this
country. Gifts that symbolize cutting such as scissors, knives and other sharp objects should be
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avoided because they mean the cutting of the relationship. Also, in some countries you should not
open the gift in front of the giver and in others it would be an insult if you did not open the gift.
Beyond the gift itself, give careful consideration to the manner in which it is presented. Different
cultures have different customs regarding how a gift should be offered - using only your right
hand or using both hands, for example. Others have strong traditions related to the appropriate
way to accept a gift. In Singapore, for instance, it is the standard to graciously refuse a gift several
times before finally accepting it. The recipient would never unwrap a gift in front of the giver for
fear of appearing greedy.
Understanding these traditions and customs, as well as taking time to choose an appropriate gift,
will help you to avoid any awkwardness or embarrassment as you seek to build a better cross-
cultural relationship.
106. When did the tradition of gift-giving become popular all over the world?
A. In France, wine is not considered a suitable gift for the hostess of a dinner party.
B. In Sweden, it is not customary to bring some wine or flowers when you are invited to a
dinner party.
C . In Viet Nam, such things as scissors, knives and other sharp objects shouldn't be used as
a gift.
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
Marriage is an ancient religious and legal practice celebrated around the world. However,
wedding customs vary from country to country.
The Wedding Dress: In many countries, it is customary for the bride to wear a white dress as a
symbol of purity. The tradition of wearing a special white dress only for the wedding ceremony
started around 150 years ago. Before that, most women could not afford to buy a dress that they
would only wear once. Now, bridal dresses can be bought in a variety of styles. In some Asian
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countries and in the Middle East, colors of joy and happiness like red or orange other than white
are worn by the bride or used as part of the wedding ceremony,
The Wedding Rings: In many cultures, couples exchange rings, usually made of golf or silver and
worn on the third finger of the left or right hand, during the marriage ceremony. The circular
shape of the ring is symbolic of the couple's eternal union. In Brazil, it is traditional to have the
rings engraved with the bride's name on the groom’s ring, an vice versa.
Flowers: Flowers play an important role in most weddings. Roses are said to be the flowers of
love, and because they usually bloom in June, this has become the most popular month for
weddings in many countries. After the wedding ceremony, in many countries the bride throws her
bouquet into a crowd of well-wishers – usually her single female friends. The person who catches
this bouquet will be the next one to marry.
Gifts: In Chinese cultures, w edding guests give gifts of money to the newly-weds in small red
envelopes. Money is also an appropriate gift at Korean and Japanese wedding. In many Western
countries, for example in the U.K, wedding guests give the bride and groom household items that
they may need for their new home. In Russia, rather than receiving gifts, the bride and groom
provide gifts to their guests instead.
With the continued internationalization of the modern world, wedding customs that originated in
one part of the world are crossing national boundaries and have been incorporated into marriage
ceremonies in other countries.
112. The tradition of wearing a special dress only on one’s wedding day is ____.
C. less than 100 years ago D. less than 200 years ago
113. In some cultures, the bride wears a white dress as a traditional symbol of ____.
114. In some Asian and Middle Eastern.countries, which colour is NOT considered to be suitable
for a wedding?
117. According to the passage, in which country would the wedding guests give the bride and
groom money as a present?
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A. Nowadays, every bride can afford to buy a wedding dress to wear only once.
B. It is believed that any person who catches the bride’s bouquet will be the next to marry.
Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
CULTURE SHOCK
Many people dream of living in a foreign country. It can be an amazing experience for those (119)
____ are willing to settle down in a new place. (120) ____, there’s one potential problem you should
be aware of: culture shock. Culture shock is the feeling we get from living in a place that is so
different to where we grew up that we are not sure (121) ____ to deal with it. Societies are (122)
____ in many different ways. Customs and traditions can be very different and that can sometimes
make it difficult to get on with local people who might not approve (123) ____ things you do and
might object to things you say. You might be banned from doing things in another country that are
perfectly legal in your own. For example, in Singapore people can be forced to (124) ____ a large
fine just for dropping rubbish. Eventually, though, most people who live abroad fall in love with
their adopted country and learn to accept its differences.
Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
COMMON SUPERSTITIONS
There are many strange superstitions in the world. The most common one is related to black cats,
(125) ____ are the source of hundreds of unlucky superstitions. It’s a sign of bad luck ( 126) ____
they walk in front of you or you step on their tails. They even bring bad luck into a house if they
sneeze inside! This superstition dates (127) ____ to the Middle Ages when they became associated
with witches and evil spirits.
Another common superstition is about walking under a ladder. A more (128) ____ explanation can
be traced back to ancient Egypt. The (129) ____ Egyptians believed that the shape of the Pyramids
had a special power. It was considered very bad luck to break the “power” of this shape and that’s
exactly what walking under a ladder would do!
In addition, in Roman times, people (130) ____ the habit of looking at themselves in pools of water.
Some believed that these reflections were in fact “glimpses of the soul”. Any disruption to the
water in the pool would bring bad luck to the person looking in it. This superstition lives on with
the fear of bad luck from breaking a mirror.
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126. A. although B. because C. if D. unless
Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
each of the following questions.
131. The American are less formal in addressing their bosses than the South Korean.
A. The South Korean are less formal in addressing their bosses than the American.
B. Both the American and the South Korean have the same formality in addressing their
bosses.
C. The South Korean are more informal in addressing their bosses than the American.
D. The South Korean are more formal in addressing their bosses than the American.
A. This bouquet of wedding flowers is the nicest that I’ve ever made.
B. This is the nicest bouquet of wedding flowers that I’ve ever seen.
135. Tet holiday is the most interesting Vietnamese traditional festival that he’s ever attended.
A. Tet holiday is more interesting than the Vietnamese traditional festival that he’s ever
attended.
B. He has never attended a more interesting Vietnamese traditional festival than Tet
holiday.
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C. He has attended many interesting Vietnamese traditional festival including Tet holiday.
D. Tet holiday is one of the most interesting Vietnamese traditional festival he’s ever
attended.
136. There are more superstitious beliefs in Eastern countries than in Western ones.
A. Western countries don’t have fewer superstitious beliefs than Eastern ones.
137. Pho (rice noodles) is believed to be the most typical food in Viet Nam.
A. It is believed that Pho (rice noodles) is the most typical food in Viet Nam.
B. A more typical food than Pho (rice noodles) is believed in Viet Nam.
C. I believe that Viet Nam has the most typical food like Pho (rice noodles).
138. I have never read a better book about cultural diversity I have ever read.
A. This book is a good book about cultural diversity I have ever read.
B. This is the best book about cultural diversity I have ever read.
C. This book is as good as the one about cultural diversity I have ever read.
D. The book about cultural diversity I have ever read isn’t better than this one.
_________THE END___________
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