Basic Surgical Instruments: Rhoda Grace Estioco-Ruelos, Man, RN Lecturer

BASIC SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

LECTURER

OBJECTIVES
❑At the end of the session, students should be
able to;
➢ Describe the use of different surgical
instruments.
➢ Identify the cutting and dissecting instruments,
grasping and holding, clamping and occluding,
exposing and retracting, viewing, suctioning,
aspirating, surgical needles and sutures.
2
INSTRUMENTATION
❑ 1. Cutting and Dissecting
Instruments
❑ 2. Grasping and Holding
❑ 3. Clamping and Occluding
❑ 4. Exposing and Retracting
Instruments
❑ 5. Suturing or Stapling
❑ 6. Viewing
❑ 7. Suctioning
❑ 8. Aspirating
❑ 9. Surgical Needles
❑ 10. Sutures

SHARPS
CUTTING AND
DISSECTING
INSTRUMENTS

SCALPEL
bladed surgical instrument used to make
cuts into the body. This is a very sharp
instrument and comes in various sizes
for different types of cuts and surgeries.

KNIFE HANDLE
Surgical
Instrument - #3
Knife Handle
Alias - Blade Holder
Use - Cutting
Additional Info -
Most used with a
#10,#11 or #15
Blade.

Surgical
Instrument - #7
Knife Handle
Alias - Blade Holder
Use - Cutting
Additional Info -
Most used with a #15
Blade

❑ Surgical
Instrument - Beaver
Blade Handle
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Cutting
❑ Additional Info -
Most used in hand
and foot orthopedic
surgery

SUTURE SCISSORS

SUTURE SCISSORS
❑ Metzenbaum
scissor

SUTURE SCISSORS
❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Metzenbaum
Scissors
❑ Alias - Metz
❑ Use - Cutting
The most common
scissors use for
cutting tissue.

SUTURE SCISSORS
❑ Surgical
Instrument - Curved
Mayo Scissors
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Cutting
Common to most
surgical trays, used
for cutting dense
tissue where metz
scissors are too
delicate

SUTURE SCISSORS
❑ Surgical
Instrument - Mayo
Scissors
❑ Alias - Suture
Scissors
❑ Use - Cutting
General purpose
and suture cutting
scissors, normally
not used on tissue

❑ Surgical Instrument -
Potts-Smith 45-degree
Scissors
❑ Alias - Potts
❑ Use - Cutting
❑ Additional Info - Used
for cutting vertically
along blood vessels to
expose the inside in
procedures such as
carotid endarterectomy
or femoral

Cherry Scissors
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Cutting
❑ Additional Info - For
fine neuro dissection.

Kerrison Punch
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Cutting
cutting bone in spine
and neurosurgery.

Double Action
Rongeur
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Cutting
Used for cutting bone
in orthopedic and
spine surgery.

Rongeur
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Cutting
Available in multiple
sizes, this is a small,
single action rongeur
most common to foot
and hand surgery.

GRASPING and
HOLDING
INSTRUMENTS

Adson Forceps
❑ Alias - Adson's
❑ Use - Grasping
❑ Additional Info - Most
used for suturing the
skin.

❑ Surgical
Instrument - Adson
Brown Forceps
❑ Alias - Adson
Brown's
❑ Use - Grasping
Most used for
suturing the skin
during cosmetic
procedures.

Cushing Forceps
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
Common to
neurosurgery
specifically for handling
fine suture when sewing
the dura.

❑ Surgical Instrument - Bonney
Forceps
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
❑ Additional Info - Often used
for grasping fascia during the
closure of abdominal surgery
or for closure and suturing of
large orthopedic procedures
such as total knee and total
hip replacement surgery.

Debakey’s Forceps
❑ Alias - Debakey's
❑ Use - Grasping
❑ Additional Info - One
of the most common
surgical forceps, used
for grasping soft
tissue, blood vessels
and bowel.

Dietrich Forceps
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
❑ Additional Info - Like
the Debakey Forceps
pictured above,
Dietrich Forceps are
used for fine vascular
work while handling
blood vessels.

Gerald Forceps
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
Forceps common to
most vascular surgical
trays. Available with or
without teeth.

TISSUE FORCEPS WITH AND WITHOUT
TEETH

THUMB FORCEPS

RUSSIAN FORCEPS

❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Russian Forceps
❑ Alias - Russians
❑ Use - Grasping
❑ Additional Info - A
multi purpose pick
up in most
instrument sets.
Use for atraumatic
tissue grasping
during dissection.

❑ Surgical
Instrument - Allis
Clamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
Often used for
grasping soft tissue
such as breast tissue
or bowel tissue

❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Babcock
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
For grasping soft
tissue or bowel.

sponge stick/ovum forceps
❑ Alias- Doyen Sponge
forceps
❑ Use - Grasping
❑ Additional Info - used by
surgeons during the
surgical procedures to hold
gauze squares that will
absorb excess fluids and
blood from the surgical site
or hemostasis.

❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Ochsner
❑ Alias - Kocher
❑ Use - Grasping
Used to grasp bone
or fascia.

❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Pituitary Forceps
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
Commonly for
neurosurgery, or
functional
endoscopic sinus
surgery.

❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Bayonet Forceps
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Grasping
Often used for
Spine, Head and
Neck, or
Neurosurgery

CLAMPING and
OCCLUDING
INSTRUMENTS

TOWEL CLAMPS

Mosquito Clamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - clamping. Used
to control bleeding
during surgeries by
compressing blood
vessels
❑ Additional Info - can
be straight or curve

Jake Clamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Fine Dissection
❑ Additional Info - Similar
in size to the Mosquito
Clamp, used for fine
dissection around delicate
vascular and nerve
structures and for ligation
of small blood vessels.

❑ Surgical
Instrument - Kelly
Clamp
❑ Alias - Snap
❑ Use - Grasping or
Clamping
The most basic
clamp available in
virtually all surgical
instrument sets. Can
be straight or curve

❑ Surgical
Instrument -
Kelly Clamp
can be straight
or curved

DIFFRENCE OF MOSQUITO AND KELLY
CLAMP
❑ Mosquito hemostats
are used to clamp
small blood vessels,
while Kelly hemostats
can clamp larger
blood vessels due to
slightly larger jaw.

Carmalt Clamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Clamping
❑ Additional Info - Larger
than a Kelly clamp and
often confused with the
Peon Clamp of the same
size; Carmalt clamps
have the characteristic
jaw structure pictured.

Right Angle Clamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - used for
obscured surgical
sites. For clamping,
dissection, or grasping
tissue
None

Aortic Clamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Clamping the Aorta
during an Abdominal
Aortic Aneurysm Repair
❑ Additional Info - The
angle of the clamp allows
the surgeon to gain
proximal control of the
Aorta without damage to
the vascular tissue.

Debakey Vascular
Clamp
❑ Alias - Debakey
❑ Use - Clamping
❑ Additional Info - The
most standard of
vascular clamps, the jaw
of the clamp is designed
to clamp veins and
arteries without causing
damage.

Hemo Clip Applier
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Clamping. Used for
applying clips to small
vessels in all branches of
surgery.
❑ Additional Info - For both
permanent and temporary
ligation of vessels and
marking tissue for post
operative imaging.

Bayonet Bipolar Forceps
❑ Alias - Two Point, Bipolar
❑ Use - Cauterizing
❑ Additional Info - Often
used for Spine, Head and
Neck, or Neurosurgery;
current passes between
the two tips of the forceps
to cauterize with less
chance of damaging
surrounding tissue.

EXPOSING and
RETRACTING
INSTRUMENTS

Army Navy Retractor
❑ Alias - US Retractor
❑ Use - Tissue or Bone
Retraction
Common to the both
major and minor
orthopedic and general
surgery trays .

Deaver Retractor
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Retracting
widths and common to
many surgical trays for
general, orthopedic and
Gynecological surgery.

Mayo Body wall
Retractor
❑ Alias - Bladder
Retractor
❑ Use - Retraction
retraction in large
abdominal surgeries that
requires keeping
abdominal cavity open.

Richardson Retractor
❑ Alias - Rich
sizes as well as single
and double ended. This
is one of the most
common general
surgery retractors.

❑ Surgical Instrument-
Balfour retractor
❑ Alias- none
❑ Use- self-retaining
retractor
❑ Additional info- used in
laparotomy procedures
and specific abdominal
procedures where the
abdomen needs to be
held open for examination
such as cesarean and
bowel resection.

Baby Bennett Retractor
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Elevating and
Retracting Bone
Commonly in the minor
orthopedic instrument set
to pull back and retract
tissue especially
surgeries that require
exposure of tibia.

Blunt Nerve Hook
❑ Alias - None
❑ Additional Info -Used for
retraction of nerve
structures in spine and
neurosurgery.

Brun Curette
❑ Alias - Straight Curette
❑ Use - Scraping tissues
and collect tissue for
biopsy.
❑ Additional Info - Part
of most minor
Orthopedic trays. Also
used during dilation
and curettage to
remove uterine tissue.

90 Degree Dural
Elevator
❑ Alias - Hockey Stick
❑ Use - Blunt Dissection
Common instrument for
craniotomies.

Freer Elevator. Double-
ended elevator
❑ Alias - None
and lifting periosteum
from bones in confined
areas.
Common to orthopedic,
neuro, and ENT
surgery.

Cobb Elevator
❑ Alias - Cobb
❑ Use - Blunt Dissection.
Separate periosteum
as well as scrape
ligaments and muscles
from their bony
attachments.
Common for
orthopedic and spine
procedures.

Hoen Elevator
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - lifting, retracting
and blunt dissection
Similar in use to a
Cobb Elevator but
smaller. Specialized
surgical device used by
orthopedic and
neurosurgery
specialists.

Nerve Root Retractor
❑ Alias - None
retraction during spine
surgery such as Lumbar
Laminectomy and Lumbar
Discectomy

Penfield Elevator
❑ Alias - None
❑ Additional Info - ENT
and Neurosurgeons use
to separate soft tissues
from its overlaying bone
structures.

Woodson Dural
Separator. Double-
ended
❑ Alias - Dental
Common to
neurosurgery, wound
reconstruction surgeon

Penfield 4
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - For general
dissection and
exploration.
❑ Additional Info- This
instrument is crafted for
handling and exploring
delicate brain tissue and
causing minimal trauma

Penfield 1
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - for general
dissection and
exploration
double-ended
comprised of two
different heads on either
side, broad curved
dissector and sharp
round spoon.

Deep Gelpi Retractor
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Self Retaining
Retractor. Used for
holding back tissue and
organs during spine
surgical procedures.
❑ Additional Info - Most
used in orthopedic and
spine surgery.

Shallow Gelpi Retractor
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Self Retaining
Retraction
Common to spine and
orthopedic surgery.

Posterior Fossa
Retractor
❑ Alias - None
Similar to Weitlaner,
this self retaining
retractor is useful
during a craniotomy.

Weitlaner Retractor
❑ Alias - Self Retainer
Available with both
sharp and dull jaws.
Commonly used in
herniotomy, bone and
joint procedures and
mastoid surgery.

Senn retractor
❑ Alias- none
❑ Use- retract primarily
soft tissue
❑ Additional Info- often
used in plastic surgery,
small bone and joint
procedures and neck
tissue dissection

malleable Retractor
❑ Alias- none
❑ Use- retraction
❑ Additional Info-blades
are available in different
sizes and commonly
used during orbital
dissection to keep
orbital fat out of the
surgical field.

Bone Tamp
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Compacting bone
Common in most minor
orthopedic surgical
trays. To avoid injury to
any bone from trauma.

Castroviejo Needle Driver
❑ Alias - Castro's
❑ Use - Needle holder
❑ Additional Info - Castroviejo
needle drivers are mainly
used in microsurgery.
Distinguished by its fineness
of tip from other needle
holders.

SUCTIONING and
ASPIRATING
INSTRUMENTS

Poole Suction
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Suction
❑ Additional Info - All the
holes around the Poole
suction allow it to suck
up large amounts of
fluid without getting
clogged. Perfect after
irrigating the abdominal
cavity.

Yankauer Suction Tip
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Suction
oropharyngeal secretions
in order to prevent
aspiration.
❑ Additional Info -also
used to clear operative
sites during surgical
procedures ( blood)

Frazier Suction Tip
❑ Alias - None
❑ Use - Suction
Common for orthopedic,
neuro and ENT surgery.
Thin instrument used for
removal of fluids or debris
from confined surgical
spaces

❑ SURGICAL NEEDLES-
allows the placement of
the suture within the
tissue.

❑ Conventional cutting needle-
use for tough tissue such as
skin.
❑ Reverse cutting needle-
selected to reduce the risk of
tissue cutout.
❑ Round-body needle- use in
tissues that are easy to
penetrate and in crucial
procedures such as tendon
repair, where tissue cutout would
be disastrous.
❑ Taper point needle- use inside
the body(tissues) without cutting

❑ Suture
Needles

REFERENCES
➢ MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING By Ignatavicius 8th
edition
➢ MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING By Brunner &
Suddarth’s

THANK YOU. GOD BLESS

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BASIC SURGICAL

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN

RHODA GRACE ESTIOCO-RUELOS, MAN, RN