1

Millennia Institute H2 Mathematics 2017 Prelim II Solution

1 The curve C has the equation 4( x  1)2  9 y 2  36 .

(i) Sketch, for y  0 , the curve C, stating the coordinates of the end points and the
turning point. [3]

(ii) By adding a suitable graph to your sketch in part (i), solve the inequality

 ( x  1)2 
2  1    2  ( x  1)  0 .
2
[2]
 9 

 (e x  1)2 
 
2
(iii) Hence, solve the inequality 2  1    e 1  2 .
x
[2]
 9 
Solution:
(i)

4( x  1) 2  9 y 2  36
36  4( x  1) 2
y2 
9
 ( x  1) 2 
y  4 1 
2

 9 
( x  1) 2
y  2 1 (for y  0)
9

(ii)
 2
 

( x  1) 2
2 1  2  ( x  1)2  0
9
( x  1) 2
2 1  ( x  1)2  2
9
The suitable graph to be added is y  ( x  1)2  2 .
From the graph,  0.88561  x  2.8856
0.886  x  2.89 (3 s.f)
(iii)
By comparison, x  e x
0  e x  2.8856
ln e x  ln 2.8856
x  1.06 (3 s.f)
Two loci in the Argand diagram are given by the equations
2

z  2  2i  1 and arg z   .
6

The complex numbers z1 and z2 , where z1 < z2 , correspond to the points of

intersection of these loci.

(i) Draw an Argand diagram to show both loci, and mark the points represented by
z1 and z2 . [3]

(ii) Find the two values of z which represent points on z  2  2i  1 such that
z  z1  z  z2 . [4]


(iii) Given that the complex number w satisfies w  2  2i  1 and arg w   , find
6
the range of values of arg( w  3i) . [3]
Solution:
(i)
z  2  2i  1  z  (2  2i)  1

arg z  
6
 3

(ii)
The 2 values of z are as indicated as P and Q on the diagram.
 
b  (1) cos a  (1) sin
6 6
;
3 1
b b
2 2
 1  3
At Q: z   2     2  i
 2  2 

 1  3
At P: z   2     2  i
 2   2 
The 2 values of z are
5  3 3  3
  2   i and z    2  i .
2  2  2  2 

(iii)

Smallest value of arg  z   3i    0

Since    ,
  1
Largest value of arg  z   3i    2 tan 1  0.927 (3 s.f)
2

 0  arg  z  3i   0.927 (3 s.f)

3 (a) It is given that tan 1 y  ln 1  x  .

dy
(i) Show that 1  x   1  y2 . [1]
dx
 4
 

(ii) By successively differentiating this result, find the Maclaurin

series for tan  ln 1  x   , up to and including the term in x3 . [3]

(iii) It is given that f ( x )  e x tan  ln 1  x   . Using your answer to part (a)(ii),

1
estimate the value of f    . [3]
2
(b) The diagram shows triangle ABC, where AC  k cm , BC  h cm ,
 
 BAC    and  ABC = .
3 4

B C

Given that  is a sufficiently small angle, show that

h 2
k

4   
2    2   3  2  .

[3]

Solution:
(i)

tan 1 y  ln 1  x 
Differentiating both sides with respect to x :
1 dy 1

1  y dx 1  x
2

dy
1  x   1  y 2 (shown)
dx
(ii)
 5

dy
1  x   1  y2
dx

Differentiating both sides with respect to x :

d 2 y dy dy d2 y dy
1  x  2
  2 y  1  x  2
 (1  2 y )  0
dx dx dx dx dx

Differentiating both sides with respect to x :

2

1  x  3  2  (1  2 y ) 2   2     0
d3 y d 2 y d2 y dy
dx dx dx  dx 
2

1  x  3  2(1  y) 2  2    0
d3 y d2 y dy
dx dx  dx 

dy d2 y d3 y
When x  0, y  0,  1, 2  1, 3  4
dx dx dx

x2 x3
y  0  (1) x  (1)  (4)  ...
2! 3!
1 2
y  x  x 2  x3  ...
2 3
(iii)

f ( x)  e x tan  ln 1  x  
 1 2 
 e x  x  x 2  x 3  ... 
 2 3 
 1  1 2 
 1  x  x 2  ...   x  x 2  x 3  ... 
 2  2 3 
1 2 1 1
 x  x 2  x 3  x 2  x 3   x 3  ...
2 3 2 2
1 2
 x  x 2  x 3  ...
2 3

1 2 2 3
f ( x)  x  x  x  ...
2 3
f ( x)  1  x  2 x  ...
2

2
1 1 1
f     1   2    ...  2
2 2 2
(b)
 6
 

   
sin     sin  
3  4
h k
  h 1 
sin       
3  k 2
h 1     
   sin   cos    cos   sin   from MF15
k 2 3 3
h  1   3   2  
  1   
k  2   2   2  2
h 1  3 3 2 
  
k  2  2 4 2
h 1  1

 2 3  2  3 2
k  2  4

h 2 3 2
  3      (shown)
k 2  2 
   
 7

4 1  1
   
The plane  1 contains the line l1 : r   2     1 , where   , and is parallel to the
 3  1
   
1  2
   
line l2 : r   0     0  , where   .
1 1
   

(i) Find the vector equation of  1 in scalar product form. [2]

(ii) Find the position vector of the foot of the perpendicular from the point A 1, 0, 1
to the plane  1 . [3]

(iii) Find the position vector of the point A , which is the reflection of A about  1 .[2]

1 1
   
(iv) Given that the angle between l3 : r   1    1 , where   , and the plane
1 0
   

 2 : ax  2 y  z  3 , where a  , is , find the value of a. [2]
4

(v) Find the line of intersection between the planes  1 and  2 . [1]

(vi)  3 has equation bx  y  z  c , where b, c  . Given that  1 ,  2 and  3 have

no points in common, describe the geometrical relationship between the three
planes. What can be said about the values of b and c? [3]
Solution:

(i)
1  2   1 
     
n  1   0    1 
 1   1   2 
~

     

 1  1   1   1
       r   1   3
r  1    2    1 
~  
  2   3   2   2 
~

       
(ii)
Method 1:
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1   1
   
l AN : r   0     1  ,  
1   2 
~

   
 1  
  
ON     , for some  
 1  2 
 

Since N is the intersection point of line AN and plane,

 1    1 
   
     1   3
1  2   2 
   
1      2  4  3
1
 
3

 2 
  3 
ON    13 
 5 
 3 

Method 2:
  1 1
   
  1 1 1 
    2    2    
AN   AB   , where OB   2 
 6  6 3
   
 
 
  1 1
   
1 1
1   0      

      2  2
ON   0     2       
1    2   6   6
    
 
 
 2
  3 
ON    13 
 5 
 3 
(iii)
 
 OA  OA
ON 
2
 9

 1 
    3 
OA  2ON  OA    23 
 7 
 3 
(iv)
 a
 2 : r  2   3
 1
~

 
1   a
   
 1   2 
 0   1 
   
sin  
 
 2   a 2  4  1 

Since   ,
4
 a2

2  
 2   a 2  5
  a  5  a  2
2

 a  5   a  4a  4
2 2

1
a
4
(v)
Using GC:

Equation of line of intersection:

 4   4
   
r   1     2,  
 0 3
~

   
(vi)
Geometrical interpretation:
Either: the three planes are the sides of a triangular prism

OR:  3 is parallel to the line of intersection of  1 and  2 , but does not contain it.

b b  4
 3 : r   1   c , 1    2   0  b  
  5
~
1  1   3  4
     
 4   b 
   
 1   1   c  c  6
 0  1 
   
5 Resilience Primary School has 500 students who are either Chinese, Indian or Malay, as
 10
 

seen in the table below.

The National Eye Centre wishes to conduct a survey at Resilience Primary School to find
out the number of hours students spend on electronic devices each week, using a sample
of 50 students.

(i) Explain how stratified sampling can be carried out in this context. [2]

(ii) Give two reasons why systematic sampling may not be appropriate. [2]
Solution:
(i)

Chinese Indian Malay

Boys 114 8 93
 50  11  50  1  50  9
500 500 500

Girls 122 77 86
 50  12  50  8  50  9
500 500 500

Split the students into the stratas for Chinese, Indian, Malay boys or girls as shown in
the table above. Arrange the students within each strata in alphabetical order (for
example). Using simple random sampling, obtain the required number in each strata.
(ii)
500
k  10
50

Since k  10  8 = number of Indian boys available, there is a possibility the Indian boys
may not be represented.

Systematic sampling does not ensure equal proportions of students being taken from
each strata.
6 In another survey conducted by the National Eye Centre, it was found that p% are boys
and the remaining are girls. The probability that a randomly chosen boy wears spectacles
is 0.3 and the probability that a randomly chosen girl wears spectacles is 0.24.

(i) Find the value of p, given that the probability that a randomly chosen child wears
spectacles is 0.267. [2]
 11

(ii) For a general value of p, the probability that a randomly chosen child that wears
4 100  p 
spectacles is a girl is denoted by f  p  . Show that f  p   . Prove by
 400  p 
differentiation that f is a decreasing function for 0  p  100 , and explain what
this statement means in the context of the question. [5]
Solution:
0.3 S
B = Boys
B
0.7 S’ G = Girls

0.24 S S = wear spectacles

 
G S’ = don’t wear spectacles
0.76 S’
(i)
 0.3    1    0.24   0.267
p p
100  100 
0.0006 p  0.027
p  45
(ii)
 p 
0.24 1  
P  Girl | spectacles    100 
 p   p 
0.3    0.24 1  
 100   100 
0.24  0.0024 p

0.003 p  0.24  0.0024 p
0.0024 100  p 

0.0006  400  p 
4 100  p 
f  p  (shown)
 400  p 

f  p 
 400  p  4    400  4 p 
 400  p 
2

2000

 400  p 
2

Since  400  p   0 ,
2

2000
f  p   0, p 
 400  p 
2

 f is a decreasing function.
 12
 

Context: As the percentage of boys in the survey increases, the percentage that a girl
wears spectacles decreases.
7 In this question you should state clearly all distributions that you use, together with the
values of the appropriate parameters.

The mass, in grams, of broccoli and carrots are normally distributed with means and
standard deviations as shown in the table below.

Mean (g) Standard deviation (g)

Broccoli  

Carrot 180 15

(i) Given that the probability that the mass of a randomly chosen broccoli does not
exceed 250g is 0.788 and the probability that the mass of a randomly chosen
broccoli exceeds 236g is 0.625, find the values of  and  . [3]

(ii) Find the probability that the mass of a randomly chosen broccoli lies within 5
grams of a randomly chosen carrot. [2]

(iii) 120 broccoli are randomly chosen. Using a suitable approximation, find the
probability that there are fewer than 90 broccoli with a mass not exceeding
250g. [3]

(iv) Determine, with explanation, whether the mass of a vegetable chosen randomly
from a basket containing an equal number of broccoli and carrots follows a normal
distribution. [1]
Solution:
Let X and Y be the random variable, the mass of a broccoli and the mass of a carrot
respectively

X ~ N   ,  2  , Y ~ N 180, 152 
(i) P  X  250   0.788
 250   
PZ   0.788
  
250  
 0.79950

  0.79950  250    (1)

P  X  236   0.625
 236   
PZ   0.375
  
 13

236  
 0.31864

  0.31864  236    (2)

Using GC:
  239.99  240 (3 s.f.) and   12.521  12.5 (3 s.f.)

(ii)
X  Y ~ N  59.99, 381.78 

P  X  Y  5   P  5  X  Y  5 
 0.00200  3 s.f .
(iii)
Let W be the random variable, the number of broccoli with mass not exceeding 250g

W ~ B 120, 0.788 

Since n  120  50 , np  94.56  5 , nq  25.44  5

W ~ N  94.56, 20.047  approx.

P W  90   P W  89 
 P W  89.5 (using Continuity Correction)
= 0.129 (3 s.f.)
(iv) It will not follow normal distribution as the mass of a randomly chosen vegetable
from a basket containing an equal number of broccoli and carrot follows a bimodal
distribution.
8 The table gives the values of eight observations of bivariate data, x and y.

(i) Draw a scatter diagram for these values, labelling the axes clearly. Determine the
outlier by labelling it as P in your scatter diagram. [2]

(ii) By omitting P, explain if y  ax 2  b or y  a ln x  b is the better model for the

data. [2]

(iii) Using the more appropriate model found in part (ii), calculate the equation of the
least-squares regression line. [1]

(iv) Interpret, in the context of the question, the least squares estimates of a and b. [2]
 14
 

(v) Use the regression line found in part (iii) to predict the value of y when x = 4.5.
Comment on the reliability of your answer. [2]
Solution:
(i)

(ii) y  ax 2  b : r  0.880 (3 s.f.)

y  a ln x  b : r  0.994 (3 s.f.)

Since y  a ln x  b has r closer to 1, y  a ln x  b is the better model.

(iii)
y  4.0144  14.518 ln x
 4.01  14.5ln x  3 s.f .
(iv)
The expected value of y when ln x is 0 is 4.01 .
For every increase in ln x by 1 unit, expected value of y increases by 14.5 units.
(v)
At x = 4.5, y  4.0144  14.518 ln  4.5   25.9 (3 s.f.)

Reliable because x = 4.5 lies within the data range and r is close to 1
9 Based on past records, the mean number of rainy days per year in Singapore was
reported as 178. The authorities suspect that due to global warming, the number of rainy
days has changed. A random sample of 12 years is taken and the number of rainy days
per year, X, is summarised by

  x  8  2017.7, x 2
 372 500 .

(i) Calculate the unbiased estimates of the mean and variance of X. [2]
 15

(ii) Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether the mean number of rainy days per
year has changed. State any assumptions used in your calculations. [4]

(iii) Explain, in the context of the question, the meaning of the p-value. [1]

(iv) The population variance is found to be 9 and the assumption used in part (ii) holds
true. A test at the 5% level of significance whether the mean number of rainy days
per year has changed was conducted. Find the range of values of x such that the
null hypothesis is not rejected. [3]
Solution:
(i)
2017.7
x  8  176.14  176 (3 s.f.)
12

Method 1
s2 
1
n 1  x  n  x 
2
2


1
11
372500  12 176.14 
2

 17.855  17.9 (3 s.f.)

Method 2
 x  2017.7  8 12   2113.7
    
2
1 x
s 
2 
n 1 
 x  n 
2

 
1  2113.7  
2

  372 500  
11  12 

 17.214  17.2 (3 sf )
(ii)
Let X be the random variable, the number of rainy days per year in Singapore
H0 :   178
H1 :   178

Assume H0 is true.   0.05 . Assume X follows normal distribution.

Since n  12  50 , population variance unknown,

T ~ t 11 approx.

2 tail t-test used.

Method 1:
 16
 

Using GC, p-value = 0.156 (3 s.f.) > 0.05 if s 2  17.855 used

[Alt: p-value = 0.149 (3 s.f.) > 0.05 if s 2  17.214 used]

Do not reject H0

Method 2:
176.14  178
Test-statistic value: t   1.52 (3 s.f.) if s  17.855 used
2

17.855
12
176.14  178
[Alt: t   1.55 (3 s.f.) if s  17.214 used]
2

17.214
12

Critical region: t  2.20 (3 s.f.) or t  2.20 (3 s.f.)

Since test-statistic does not lie in the critical region, H0 is not rejected.

There is insufficient evidence at 5% level of significance to conclude that the mean

number of rainy days per year has changed.

(iii)
Either
p-value is the smallest level of significance for which the null hypothesis of the mean
number of rainy days per year is 178 will be rejected.

Or
p-value is twice the probability of obtaining a test statistic less than or equal to 1.52 ,
assuming the null hypothesis of the mean number of rainy days per year is 178 is true.

(iv)
H0 :   178
H1 :   178

Assume H0 is true. Since X is normal,

 9
X ~ N 178, 
 12 
2 tail z-test used.

Since H0 is not rejected at the 5% level of significance,

x  178
1.9600   1.9600
  3 
 4 
  
3 3
1.9600     x  178  1.9600   
4 4
176  x  180 (3 s.f.)
10 (a) Find the number of ways in which the letters of the word MILLENNIUM can be
 17

arranged if

(i) there are no restrictions, [1]

(ii) the first and last letters are the same, and the letters E and U must be
separated. [2]

Four letters are randomly selected from the letters of the word MILLENNIUM to
form a code word. Find the number of possible code words that can be formed.
[2]

(b) Mr See (together with his wife and daughter) and Mrs Saw (together with her
husband and two sons) came to visit their former teacher Mdm Rain during
Millennium Institute’s Homecoming Day. Find the number of ways Mr See and
his family, Mrs Saw and her family, and Mdm Rain can be arranged if

(i) they are around a table with ten indistinguishable chairs, such that the
children are seated together. [2]

(ii) the two empty chairs are removed and Mr See’s daughter is seated between
her parents and the See family are to be seated directly opposite Mdm Rain.
[3]
Solution:
10!
(a)(i) No. of ways =  226 800
2!2!2!2!
(ii)

M, I, L, N M, I, L, N

6!
No. of ways  4C1   7C2  2!
2!2!2!
 15120
(a)(last part)
Case 1: 2 Repeats
4!
No. of ways  4C2   36
2!2!

Case 2: 1 Repeat
4!
No. of ways  4C1  5C2   480
2!

Case 3: No Repeat
No. of ways  6C4  4!  360

Total ways = 876

 18
 

(b)(i)
8!
No. of ways   3!
8  2!
= 15 120
(b)(ii)
2!
No. of ways   2!  4!
2

= 48
11 In this question you should state clearly all distributions that you use, together with the
values of the appropriate parameters.

The number of people queuing to buy coffee at CoffeeVille in a period of 1 minute

during lunch hour (12pm to 2pm) is a random variable with an average number of 2.9.

State, in context, a condition under which a Poisson distribution would be a suitable

probability model. [1]

Assume that the number of people queuing to buy coffee at CoffeeVille in a period of 1
minute during the lunch hour follows the distribution Po  2.9  .

(i) State the most probable number of people queuing in 1 minute. [1]

(ii) Find the probability that in a period of 3 minutes, there are at most 5 people queuing
to buy coffee. [2]

(iii) N periods of 3 minutes are taken. Given that the probability that at least 7 periods
of 3 minutes have at most 5 people queuing to buy coffee is more than 0.99, find
the least value of N. [3]

(iv) A random sample of 120 periods of 3 minutes is taken. Using a suitable

approximation, find the probability that more than 12 periods of 3 minutes have
exactly 4 people queuing. [3]

(v) Explain why the Poisson model would probably not be valid if applied to the
operating hours of CoffeeVille from 11am to 10pm. [1]
Solution:
Average number of people queuing to buy coffee is a constant

(i) Let X be the random variable, for the number of people queuing to buy coffee in 1
min.

X ~ Po  2.9 

Using GC:
Mode = 2
 19

(ii)
Let Y be the random variable, for the number of people queuing to buy coffee in 3 min.

Y ~ Po  8.7 

P Y  5   0.13516  0.135 (3 s.f.)

(iii)
Let W be the random variable, for the number of periods of 3 min with Y  5

W ~ B  n, 0.13516 

P W  7   0.99
1  P W  6   0.99
P W  6   0.01

Using GC:

N P W  6 
103 0.0104 > 0.01
104 0.00947 < 0.01
105 0.00864 < 0.01

Least value of N is 104

(iv)
Let V be the random variable, for the number of periods of 3 min with Y  4

V ~ B 120, 0.039765 

Since n  120  50 , np  4.7718  5

V ~ Po  4.7718  approx.

P V  12   1  P V  12   0.00135 (3 s.f.)
(v)
Mean number of people queuing varies throughout the day.