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    Chapter Objectives

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    mubi
    The document discusses mechanical material properties testing and analysis. It describes how tension/compression tests are used to determine stress-strain diagrams for materials. Stress-strain diagrams show the relationship between stress and strain under load and can be used to determine properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ductility. True stress-strain diagrams account for changes in cross-sectional area during loading. Materials exhibit different stress-strain behavior, such as ductile materials elongating plastically before fracture compared to brittle materials fracturing elastically.

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    Chapter Objectives

    Uploaded by

    mubi
    19 views16 pages
    The document discusses mechanical material properties testing and analysis. It describes how tension/compression tests are used to determine stress-strain diagrams for materials. Stress-strain diagrams show the relationship between stress and strain under load and can be used to determine properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ductility. True stress-strain diagrams account for changes in cross-sectional area during loading. Materials exhibit different stress-strain behavior, such as ductile materials elongating plastically before fracture compared to brittle materials fracturing elastically.

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    The document discusses mechanical material properties testing and analysis. It describes how tension/compression tests are used to determine stress-strain diagrams for materials. Stress-strain diagrams show the relationship between stress and strain under load and can be used to determine properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ductility. True stress-strain diagrams account for changes in cross-sectional area during loading. Materials exhibit different stress-strain behavior, such as ductile materials elongating plastically before fracture compared to brittle materials fracturing elastically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views16 pages

    Chapter Objectives

    Uploaded by

    mubi
    The document discusses mechanical material properties testing and analysis. It describes how tension/compression tests are used to determine stress-strain diagrams for materials. Stress-strain diagrams show the relationship between stress and strain under load and can be used to determine properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ductility. True stress-strain diagrams account for changes in cross-sectional area during loading. Materials exhibit different stress-strain behavior, such as ductile materials elongating plastically before fracture compared to brittle materials fracturing elastically.

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    3.

    Mechanical Properties of Materials


    CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
    • Show relationship of stress
    and strain using experimental
    methods to determine stress-
    strain diagram of a specific
    material
    • Discuss the behavior
    described in the diagram for
    commonly used engineering
    materials
    • Discuss the mechanical properties and other test
    related to the development of mechanics of
    materials
    1
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
    • Hooke's Law

    s=Ee E

    e
    Linear-
    elastic

    2
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.4 HOOKE’S LAW

    3
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.1 TENSION & COMPRESSION TEST
    • Strength of a material can only be determined by
    experiment
    • One test used by engineers is the tension or
    compression test
    • This test is used primarily to determine the
    relationship between the average normal stress
    and average normal strain in common
    engineering materials, such as metals, ceramics,
    polymers and composites

    4
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.1 TENSION & COMPRESSION TEST

    5
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
    • A stress-strain diagram is obtained by plotting the
    various values of the stress and corresponding
    strain in the specimen
    Conventional stress-strain diagram
    • Using recorded data, we can determine nominal
    or engineering stress by
    P
    σ=
    A0

    Assumption: Stress is constant over the x-section


    and throughout region between gauge points
    6
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
    Conventional Stress-Strain Diagram
    • Likewise, nominal or engineering strain is found
    directly from strain gauge reading, or by

    δ
    e=
    L0
    Assumption: Strain is constant throughout region
    between gauge points
    By plotting σ (ordinate) against e (abscissa), we
    get a conventional stress-strain diagram

    7
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
    Conventional stress-strain diagram

    8
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM

    9
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS

    Upper and lower yield points


    10
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
    True stress-strain diagram
    • Instead of using original cross-sectional area and
    length, we can use the actual cross-sectional area
    and length at the instant the load is measured
    • Values of stress and strain thus calculated are
    called true stress and true strain, and a plot of their
    values is the true stress-strain diagram

    11
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS

    Ductile materials
    • Percent elongation is the specimen’s fracture
    strain expressed as a percent
    Lf − L 0
    Percent elongation = (100%)
    L0

    • Percent reduction in area is defined within


    necking region as

    A0 − Af
    Percent reduction in area = (100%)
    A0

    12
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS

    13
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.5 STRAIN ENERGY
    Modulus of toughness

    Engineering small toughness (ceramics)


    tensile large toughness (metals)
    stress, s
    very small toughness
    (unreinforced polymers)

    Engineering tensile strain, e

    Brittle fracture: elastic energy


    Ductile fracture: elastic + plastic energy
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.6 POISSON’S RATIO
    • When body subjected to axial tensile force, it elongates
    and contracts laterally
    • Similarly, it will contract and its sides expand laterally
    when subjected to an axial compressive force
    3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
    3.6 POISSON’S RATIO
    • Strains of the bar are:
    δ δ’
    elong = elat =
    L r
    • Early 1800s, S.D. Poisson realized that within
    elastic range, ration of the two strains is a
    constant value, since both are proportional.

    elat
    Poisson’s ratio, ν = − e
    long

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