Tenses: Exercise 48: Translate Into Good English!

UNIT 5
TENSES
Exercise 48: Translate into good English!

1. Jack menulis puisi setiap minggu.
2. Jack sedang menulis puisi minggu ini.
3. Jack telah menulis puisi selama seminggu.
4. Jack menulis puisi seminggu yang lalu.
5. Jack sedang menulis puisi tadi malam ketika ayahnya sampai rumah.
6. Jack akan menulis puisi minggu depan.
7. Jika Jack memiliki banyak uang tahun lalu, dia akan menulis puisi setiap hari.
Def. : The changes of verb forms based on time and events the activities happen.
Kinds :
1) Based on the time
Present (Pr.) : at present time
(BI/AI)
Past (Ps.) : at past time

(Pt.)
Future (F) : a plan in the future
(will/shall + BI)
Past Future (Ps. F.) : a plan in the past
(would/should + BI)
2) Based on the event

Simple (S.) :-
-
Continuous (C.) : at the moment of speaking
Be + Pres. Pt.
Perfect (Pr.) : completely done

Have + PP
Perfect Continuous (Pr. C.) : at the moment of speaking + duration

Have + Been + Pres. Pt.
ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 49

16 TENSES
Event
Simple (S) Continuous (C) Perfect (Pf.) Perfect Continuous (Pf. C.)
- Be cs + Pres. Pt Have cs + PP Have cs + Been + Pres. Part.
Time
Present (Pr.)
BI/AI BI / AI is, am, are + Pres. Part. have, has + PP have, has + been + Pres. Part.
Past (Ps)
Pt Pt. was, were + Pres. Part. had + PP had + been + Pres. Part.
Future (F) will/shall + be + Pres.

will/shall + BI will/shall + have + PP will/shall + have + been + Pres. Part.
Will/shall + BI Part.
Past Future (Ps. F)

would/should + be + Pres. would/should + have +
Would/should + BI would/should + BI would/should + have + been + Pres. Part.
Part. PP

Exercise 49: Change the tenses.
1. Would you Hendry have been a nice parrot? (Past continuous negative)
2. Did the boy see the big tree? (Present perfect negative interrogative)
3. The Boss has dinner. (Future perfect continuous interrogative)
4. The suspect will not be nervous. (Present perfect continuous negative)
5. Jackie Chan would appear in Indonesia. (Past perfect continuous negative)
6. Had Anton felt sad about the grade? (Past future continuous negative)
7. The front boy has looked so serious. (Past future perfect continuous interrogative)
8. The girl will envy the winner. (Present perfect continuous interrogative)
9. Will the orange not have tasted sour? (Present continuous negative)
10. They will be the good ideas. (Past continuous negative interrogative)
Exercise 50: Change the tenses.

1. The mouse ate the cheese. (Ps. Pf. -) 7. The child fell into the river. (S. Pr. +)
2. Will the city be quite? (Ps. F. Pf. C. ?) 8. They would be a great medicine. (Ps. C. ?)
3. Do you know the active girl? (F. C. - ?) 9. Will she forgive you? (Pr. Pf. -)
4. Are they fair police? (Pr. Pf. C. -) 10. The dictionary contains many words. (F. Pr. C. -?)
5. He does not mean it. (Ps. Pf. C. ?) 11. The fisherman lay on the desk. (Ps. Pr. +)
6. Did the maid look for you? (Ps. F. C. ?) 12. Young mother lays a baby on the bed. (Ps. F. C. -?)

Exercise 51: Use the correct verb form.
1. They (not, slay) the sheep beside the mosque this morning.
2. The old father (partake, often) in the independent day party.
3. Mr. Jack (tear, not) the letter tonight.
4. We (forbid, already) him to the discotheque.
5. The naughty child (write) some agreements today.
Exercise 52: Choose the correct answer.

1. ____ the child ______ the picture?
a. Has – been drawing c. Will – have been looking at
b. Have – been laying d. Would – has broken
2. The correct sentence is ______

a. The music is being loud. c. Will he be getting well?
b. Thief won’t fled from the jail. d. Was she hidding the money?
3. The interrogative sentence of future perfect continuous tense is ______

a. Shall she have been smelling the tea? c. Will the man have forgotten me?
b. Would he have be foreseeing the problem? d. Will they have been being lazy boys?
4. ______ the security ______ the information?

a. Is – hearing c. Has – heard
b. Does – knew d. Do – know
5. An old woman _________ some money at the moment.

a. does not take c. did not take
b. is not taking d. has not taken
6. The correct sentence is ______.
a. Was he hidding the money? c. Will he been getting well?
b. The music was being loud. d. The thief will not escaped from the jail.
7. ______ the child______ the pictures?
a. Would – has broken c. Has – been drawwing
b. Have – been laying d. Will – have been looking at
8. The interrogative of future perfect continuous tense is ______.
a. Will he have been solving the problem? c. Will the old man has forgotten you?
b. Shall she have been smelling the tea? d. Would they have been being a lazy boy?
9. The nominal sentence is ______
a. Will the coffee taste nice? c. They have an active student.
b. Was the office being so noisy? d. Hasn’t the teacher been rather nervous?
10. ______ we ________ from the bike last week?
a. Does - fall c. Were - fallen
b. Did - fall d. Did – fell
11. _____ the course _____ to the old man at the moment?
a. is - being belonged c. does - belong
b. is - belonging d. do – belong
12. _____ a thief ____ in the bank tonight?
a. Does - slink c. Would - slink
b. Will - slinking d. Will – slink
13. ___ ______ the sun _______ brightly now?
a. Is - rising c. Was - being risen
b. Are - rising d. Does – rise
14. ______ you _____ in this house for four weeks?
a. Did - live c. Have - lived
b. Were - living d. Will – live
15. Andre and ___ ___ Spain two ___ later.
a. she – have left –weeks c. you – will leave –week
b. I – will leave – months d. I – shall left – months
16. He__ a nice ___ in ___ coop at the moment.

a. has – mice – a c. has – goose – that
b. is having – mouse – an d. has – geese – that
17. The nominal sentence is ____.
a. This wolf has been shy. c. The boy will have abroad.
b. The teeth has been good d. Those children will be a student.
18. _____ the teacher _____ the new student?

a. Didn’t – forgot c. Has – known
b. Wasn’t – seeing d. Is – understanding
19. The correct sentence is _____.

a. Doesn’t the child hid the money? c. Had the song been being nice?
b. Was the theater growing quiet? d. The patient is not bledding again.
20. The nominal sentence is _____.

a. Was the bad boy very impolite? c. The hospital would has been being rather noisy.
b. Donny had be an pleasant boy. d. Will the student have felt dizzy?
21. The negative interrogative of future perfect is _____.

a. Will I not have smelt fragrance? c. Willn’t we have been bad?
b. Won’t she has been a lazy girl? d. Will John have been fussy?
22. _____ the big dog _____ a naughty son on the leg?
a. Has – biten c. Won’t - bit
b. Was – bitting d. Doesn’t – bite
23. The children with _________often sing two _________ in the store.
a. him – music c. me – songs
b. he – games d. me – song
24. _____ the new actress _______ seriously in _____ home?
a. Did – foresee – her c. is – foretold – she
b. Did – foreseen – her d. is – being foretold – hers

1. SIMPLE PRESENT (S. Pr.)
 Function:
1. to tell fact (s). S V Aux
Subject Verb Auxiliary Be
I live in Indonesia.
It rains a lot here. I am
You do are
2. to tell a repeated action / habitual activity/ habit. We Verb 1 are
We usually shop on Saturdays. They are
She always drinks tea every morning. He Verb 1 + is
3. to tell general truth. She -s/-es does is
It is
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
There are seven days in a week.
 Patterns:
A. Verbal Sentence
(+) S + V1 (s/es) We study English every day.
(-) S + aux (do/does) + not + V1 We do not study English every day.
(?) Aux (do/does) + S + V1 + ? Do we study English every day? • Yes, we do
• No, we do not
B. Nominal Sentence
(+) S + be (is, am, are) + complement She is beautiful.
(-) S + be (is, am, are) + not + complement She is not beautiful.
(?) Be (is, am, are) + S + complement + ? Is she beautiful? • Yes, she is/ No, she is not
Exercise 53: Put in the correct verb forms.

1. Andy the family car. 6. His friend to school.
a. wash b. washs c. washes a. goes b. go c. gos
2. Every morning mother at 6 o’clock. 7. Do you milk in your tea?
a. get up b. get ups c. gets up a. like b. likees c. likes
3. Mr. Pink e-mails in the evening. 8. I correct?
a. write b. writes c. writs a. Are b. Am c. Is
4. The girls the shopping. 9. It a beautiful day today.
a. dos b. does c. do a. am b. are c. is
5. Mel and Soe films every weekend. 10. John often does not handball.
a. watches b. watch c. watchs a. play b. plays c. playes
Exercise 54: Use the given verbs to complete the sentences.
1. do Denny always ______ his homework.
2. do We always _________our homework.
3. have Yoni and Hamid _______ their books.
4. have Mrs. Cindy ________ a car.
5. go Andy _______ to school every day.

6. do Sarah and friends seldom _______ her homework.
7. go, go Robert _____ downtown every weekend. He and his wife ____ shopping.
8. go My friends often _______ to the beach.
Exercise 55: Underline the verb in each sentence. Add final -s/-es to the verb if necessary.
1. A dog bark. → A dog barks.
2. Dogs bark. → Dogs bark.
3. Wood float on water.
4. Rivers flow toward the sea.
5. My mother worry about me.
6. A student buy a lot of books at the beginning of each term.
7. Airplanes fly all around the world.
8. Mr. Wong teach Chinese at the university.
9. The teacher ask us a lot of questions in class every day.
10. Mr. Cook watch game shows on TV every evening.
11. Music consist of pleasant sounds.
12. The front page of newspaper contain the most important news of the day.
13. Water freeze at 32°F (0°C) and boil at 212°F (100°C).
14. Mrs. Taylor never cross the street in the middle of a block. She always walk to the corner and use the
pedestrian walkway.
15. Many parts of the world enjoy four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Each season last three
months and bring changes in the weather.
Exercise 56: Use the word in italics to make negative sentences. Use contractions.
1. like, not Ingrid doesn’t like tea.
2. like, not I don’t like tea.
3. know, not Marry and Jane are strangers. Marry _____________ Jane.
4. need, not It’s a nice day today. You __________ your umbrella.
5. snow, not It _______ in Bangkok in the winter.
6. speak, not I ________ French.
7. be, not I ________ hungry.
8. live, not Butterflies __________ long.
9. have, not Butterfly ___________ a long life.
10. be, not A butterfly ___________ large.

11. be, not Butterflies ___________ large.
12. have, not. We ________ class every day.
13. have, not The city _____________ nice weather in the summer.
14. be, not It _______ cold today.
15. rain, not It ____________ every day.
Exercise 57: Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps.

1. Jill _______ two children. (to have)
2. The pupils ________ songs in the classroom. (to sing, sometimes, not)
3. Andy’s brothers ________ in an office. (to have lunch, often)
4. She ________ late to class. (to be, seldom)
5. _______ you _______ English? (to speak, always )
6. The boys ________ computer games. (not/to play)
7. _______ me to the cinema every weekend? (always, you, invite, not)
8. ______ she _______ stamps? (to collect, usually)
9. She ______ to Menorca every summer. (to fly)
10. ______ class _____ at 9:00 every day? (to begin, not)
Exercise 58: Make questions. Give short answers.

1. A: Do you like tea?
B: Yes, I do. (I like tea.)
2. A: ___________________?
B: ___________________ (I don’t speak Chinese.)
3. A: ___________________?
B: ___________________ (Ann speaks Italian.)
4. A: ___________________?
B: ___________________ (Sue has a cold.)
5. A: ___________________?
B: ___________________ (John doesn’t do his homework every day.)
6. A: ___________________?
B: ___________________ (It rains a lot in April.)
7. A: ___________________?
B: ___________________ (Frogs don’t have tails).

Exercise 59: Make questions.
1. A: Does Jean eat Lunch at the cafeteria every day?
B: Yes, she does. (Jean eats lunch in the cafeteria every day.)
2. A: Where does Jean eat lunch every day?
B: At the cafeteria. (Jean eats lunch in the cafeteria every day.)
3. A: ___________________________________________________
B: At the post office. (Peter works at the post office.)
4. A: ___________________________________________________
B: Yes, he does. (Peter works at the post office.)
5. A: _________________________________________________
B: Yes, I do. (I live in an apartment).
6. A: _________________________________________________
B: In an apartment. (Her father lives in an apartment.)
7. A: _________________________________________________
B: At the University of Malang. (Jessica goes to University of Malang.)
8. A: _________________________________________________
B: On my desk. (My book is on my desk.)
9. A: _________________________________________________
B: In class. (The students are in class right now.)
10. A : _________________________________________________
B : In Australia. (Kangaroos live in Australia.)
11. A: _________________________________________________
B: Yes, it is. (Your cat is cute.)
12. A: _________________________________________________
B: No, they are not. (Swans aren’t in the river.)
Exercise 60: Make questions.

1. A: When/What time do you eat breakfast?
B: At 7:30. (I eat breakfast at 7:30 in the morning.)
2. A: When/What time do you usually eat breakfast?
B: At 7:00. (I usually eat breakfast at 7:00.)
3. A: _________________________________________
B: At 6:45. (Maria usually gets up at 6:30)
4. A: _________________________________________
B: At 8:15. (The movie starts at 8:15.)
5. A: _________________________________________
B: Between 6:30 and 8:00. (I usually eat dinner between 6:30 and 8:00.)
Exercise 61: Complete the questions in the written conversation. Use is, are, does, or do.
Conversation I
A : What time (1) does the movie start?
B : Seven-fifteen. (2)________ you want to go with us?
A : Yes. What time (3) _______ it now?
B : Almost seven o’clock. (4)_______ you ready to leave?
A : Yes, let’s go.
Conversation II
A : Where (5) _______ my keys?
B : I don’t know. Where (6)______ you usually keep them?
A : In my purse. But they (7) ______ not there.
B : (8)_______ you sure?
A : Yes. (9)________ you see them?
B : No. (10) ________ they in one of your pockets?
A : I don’t think so.
B : (11) ________ your husband have them?
A : No. He has his own set of car keys.
B : Well. I hope you find them.
A : Thanks.
Conversation III
A : (12) _______ you go to school?
B : Yes.
A : (13) ________ your brother go to school too?
B : No. He quit school last semester. He has a job now.
A : (14) ________ it a good job?
B : Not really.
A : Where (15) ________ he work?
B : At the restaurant. He washes the dishes.
A : (16) _______ he live with you?
B : No. he lives with my parents.
A : (17) _______ your parents unhappy that he quit school?
B : They’re very unhappy about it.
A : (18) _______ they want him to return to school?
B : Of course. They have many dreams for him and his future.
Exercise 62: Form questions in the simple present.
1. What/they/to eat/for breakfast : ________________________________
2. When/his mum/to come/home/? : ________________________________
3. To be/Dony/from Austria : ________________________________
4. You/to walk/to school : ________________________________
5. Where/she/to live : ________________________________
6. Why/you/to ride/your bike : ________________________________
8. Can/Ron/to speak/ English : ________________________________
Exercise 63: Negate the sentences.

1. Steve can make breakfast. : ________________________________
2. I run to school . : ________________________________
3. The kite flies into the air. : ________________________________
4. He is from Spain. : ________________________________
5. Mr. Smith teaches French. : ________________________________
6. The children know the answer. : ________________________________
7. Ann and Sandy carry a box. : ________________________________
Exercise 64: Make a positive, negative, and interrogative form of these sentences.
1. (Rudi / stay / at home/usually/at night)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. (Stevany and her sister/ cook / fried rice / every morning/always)

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. (We / be / in / library/often)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. (The children / play / football / on the field /sometimes)

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Exercise 65: Which sentences/questions are correct?
1. Which sentence is in the Simple Present?
a. He cans a bike ride. c. He can ride a bike.
b. He can riding a bike. d. He can rides a bike.
2. Which sentence is in the Simple Present?
a. He has read a book. c. He is reading a book.
b. he read a book. d. he reads a book.
3. Which negative sentence is in the Simple Present?
a. He do not reads a book. d. He does not read a book.
b. He doesn’t reads a book. e. He is not reading a book
c. He not read a book.
4. Which negative sentence is in the Simple Present?
a. We do’nt work in a bank. c. We don’t work in a bank.
b. We does not work in a bank. d. We do not works in a bank.
5. Which question is in the Simple Present?
a. Do she work in an office? d. Does she work in an office?
b. Do she works in an office? e. Work she in an office?
c. Works she in an office?
6. Which question is in the Simple Present?
a. From where do you come? c. Where does you come from?
b. Where do you come from? d. Where does you come from?
7. In which sentence is in the interrogative sentence of Simple Present?
a. Does Carrol clean the bathroom? c. Does Carrol cleans the bathroom?
b. Do Carrol cleans the bathroom? d. Do Carrol clean the bathroom?
8. In which sentence is the simple present used correctly?
a. Andri wash the dishes. c. Andri washs the dishes.
b. Andri washes the dishes. d. Andri washing the dishes.
9. Which verb forms are used in the Simple Present?
a. Infinitive c. Infinitive + ed
b. Infinitive + ing d. Infinitive + S e. Have + infinitive + ed
10. Which verb forms are correct?
a. She are c. She has e. She hase
b. She is d. She plays f. She plaies
a. He flies. c. He flys. e. He lives.
b. He livees. d. He works. f. He works.
12. Which sentences/question are in the Simple Present?
a. He’s 15. d. Do you speak Spanish? f. I’m in room 201.
b. She didn’t help her mother. e. She doesn’t like juice. g. We are reading a book.
c. She drives a car.
13. What are typical signal words for the Simple Present?
a. always d. at the moment g. every day j. often
b. sometimes e. yesterday h. now k. tomorrow
c. since f. seldom i. rarely l. twice a day
14. Which verbs/auxiliaries can be negated by adding “not”?
a. am c. play e. read
b. can d. is f. are
Exercise 66: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses. Use the simple present tense. Pay
special attention to singular and plural and to the spelling of final –s or- es.
1. The students (ask, often) often ask questions in class.
2. Pablo (study, usually) ___________________ at the library every night evening.
3. Olga (bite) _______________ her fingernails when she is nervous.
4. Donna (cash) _______________ a check at the bank once a week.
5. Sometimes I (worry) ________ about my grades at school. Sonya (worry, never) ____________
about her grades. She (study) __________ hard.
6. Ms. Jones and Mr. Anderson (teach) ____________ at the local high school.
7. Birds (fly) _________ . They (have) __________ wings.
8. A bird (fly) _________ . It (have) ____________ wings.
9. Jason (do, always) __________ his homework. He (go, never) ___________ to bed until his
homework is finished.
10. Mr. Cook (say, always) ___________ hello to his neighbor in the morning.
11. Mr. Chu (pay, always) ____________ attention in class. She (answer) _________ questions.
She (listen) ___________ to the teacher. She (ask) ___________ questions.
12. Sam (enjoy) _________ cooking. He (try, often) _________ new recipes. He (like) _______ to
have company for diner. He (invite) __________ to dinner once a month. When I arrive, I (go)
_______ to the kitchen and (watch) __________ him cook. He usually (have) _________ three
or four pots on the stove. He (watch) ___________ the pots carefully. He (make) __________
a big mess in the kitchen when he cooks. After dinner, he (wash) ________ all the dishes and
(clean) _________ the kitchen. I (cook, never) _________. It (be) _________ too much
trouble. But my friend Sam (love) ________ to cook.
Exercise 67: Complete the sentences. Use the words in the list and add –s or –es.
brush get take wash cook leave

turn watch fall read sit
Laura leaves her office every evening at 5:00 and ______ a bus to go home. She has regular
schedule every morning. She ______ dinner and then ______ down to eat at 6:00. After she _____
the dishes, she ______ on the TV. She usually ______ the news and then a movie. At 9:00 she
_____ a shower. She always ______ her teeth after her shower. Then she picks up a book and ____
in bed for a while. She usually _____ asleep before 10:00.

Exercise 68: Complete the questions and answers with the words in parentheses. Use the simple
present of the verbs.
A : (you, study) ___________________ a lot?

B : I (study) _____ at least three hours every night. My roommate (study) ____ at least five
hours. She’s very serious about her education. How about you? (you, spend) _____ a lot of time
studying?
A : No, I don’t. I (spend) _________ as little time as possible. I (like, not) ________ to study.
B : Then why (you, be) _________ a student?
A : My parents (want) ___________ me to go to school. I (want, not) _________ to be here.
B : In that case, I (think) _________ that you should drop out of school and find a job until you
decide what you want to do with your life.
Exercise 69: Complete the questions and answers with the words in parentheses. Use the simple
present of the verbs.
I (have) _______ two roommates. One of them, Sam, is always neat and clean. He (wash) _______ his
clothes once a week. (you, know) ________ Matt, my other roommate? He (be) ______ the opposite of
Sam. For example, Matt (change, no) ________ the sheets on his bed. He (keep) _______ the same
sheets week after week. He (wash, never) __________ his clothes. He (wear) ______ the same dirty
jeans every day. Sam’s side of the room (be, always) _______ neat, and Matt's side (be, always)
_______ a mess. As my mother always (say) _______, it (take) ______ all kinds make a world.
Exercise 70: Complete the sentences in this composition by Carlos.

My name _____ Carlos. ______ from Mexico. ______ a student. _____ twenty years old. My
father lives in Mexico City. ______ father ______ a businessman. ______ fifty-one years old. _____
mother _____ a housewife. ______ forty-nine years old. I _____ two sisters and one brother. The
names of my sisters _____ Rosa and Patricia. Rosa ______ a teacher. _________ twenty-eight years
old. Patricia _____ a student. ______ eighteen years old. The name of _____ brother _____ Pedro.
______ an engineer. He is married. He _______ two children.
I live in a dormitory. _____ a tall building on Pine Street. My address _____ 3225 Pine St. I live
with my roommate. _____ name is Bob. _____ from Chicago. ______ nineteen years old. I like my
classes. __________ interesting. I like _____ classmates. ___________ friendly

Exercise 71: Correct the errors.
1. Yudha live in Japan.
lives
2. Ann comes usually to class on time.
3. Amy carry a notebook to work often.
4. I no know Joe.
5. Mike don’t like milk. He never drink it.
6. Tina doesn’t speaks Chinese. She speakes Spanish.
7. You a student?
8. Does your roommate sleeps with the window open?
9. A: Do you like strong coffee?
B: Yes, I like.
10. Where your parents lives?
11. What time is your English class begins?
12. Olla isn’t need a car. She have an bicycle.
13. Do Pablo does his homework every days?

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Pr. C.)
 Function: (1) to indicate present time (now). It tells about the activity at the moment of
speaking.
 Time signals: now, at this moment, right now, nowadays, today, this week, this …., look!,
listen!, shhtt!
A: What are you doing? subject to be
I am
B: I am learning English now.
A: Are you crying? You
We are
B: No, I am not crying. They
He
 Pattern: She is
(+) S + be (is, am, are) + Ving : We are studying English now It
(-) S + be (is, am, are) + not + Ving
: We are not studying English now
(?) Be (is, am, are) + S + Ving + ? : Are we studying English now? • Yes, we are
• No, we are not
CERTAIN NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS
believe : percaya realize : menyadari

doubt* : meragukan recognize : mengenali
feel : merasa remember* : ingat
forget* : lupa suppose : mengira
Mental State imagine* : membayangkan think* : memikirkan
know : tahu understand : faham
mean* : bermaksud want : ingin
need : butuh
amaze : mengagumkan like : suka
astonish : mengejutkan love : cinta
care : peduli mind : mengingat ingat
Emotional State dislike : tidak suka perefer : lebih suka
envy : cemburu/iri please : menyenangkan
fear : takut suprise : mengherankan
hate : benci
belong : memiliki own : memiliki
Possession
have* : mempunyai posses : memiliki
feel* : terasa smell* : baunya
Sense Perception hear : mendengar taste : merasakan
see* : terlihat
appear* : nampak look* : nampak
be* : sesuai konteks! matter : berarti/masalah
consist of : terdiri dari miss : kangen
contain : memuat owe : berhutang
Other Existing State cost : harganya resemble : mirip
equal : setara seem : nampak
exist : hadir/ada sound : terdengar
include* : termasuk weigh* : bobotnya/berbobot
look like : nampak seperti
*Verbs with an asterisk are also commonly used as pogressive verbs, with a difference in meaning.

As in the following examples:
No Verbs Non Progressive Verbs Meaning Progressive Meaning

I think he is a kind man. pikir I am thinking about this berpikir,
1 Think
grammar. memikirkan
He has a car. mempunyai I am having trouble. She is menikmati,
2 Have
having a good time. mengalami
This food tastes good. rasanya, The chef is tasting the food. mencicipi
3 Taste
terasa
These flowers smell good. baunya Don is smelling the roses. mencium,
4 Smell
berbau membaui
5 See I see a butterfly. Do you see it. melihat The doctor is seeing the patient. memeriksa
The cat’s fur feels soft. terasa Sue is feeling the cat’s fur. merasakan,
6 Feel
meraba
She looks cold. I will lend her nampak, I am looking out the window. melihat
7 Look
my coat. kelihatan
He appears to be asleep. tampak, The actor is appearing on the tampil
8 Appear
kelihatan stage.
A piano is heavy. It weighs a beratnya The grocer is weighing the menimbang
9 Weigh
lot. bananas.
10 Be I am hungry. - Tom is being** foolish. berlagak
The cars cost a lot of money. harganya Gustv and Laely are costing menghargai
11 Cost
Eric’s immolation.
I doubt about her love. ragu I am doubting his English menyangsikan
12 Doubt
ability.
I forget her name. lupa / I am not forgetting her help. melupakan
13 Forget
terlupakan
I want to sleep. ingin The police are wanting to catch menginginkan
14 Want
the robber.
This food includes in the list. termasuk Gustav is including the ball to memasukkan
15 Include
the goal posts.
The fact means that our berarti John is meaning to solve the bermaksud
16 Mean
governments is not goood. girl’s problem.
Dinda remembers the boy’s teringat Dinda is remembering the boy’s mengingat
17 Remember
face. face.
Taufiq imagines that the girl mengira He is imagining a bad thing. membayangkan
18 Imagine
will come.
**note: the verb be (+ an adjective) is used in the progressive to describe a temporary characteristic. Very
few adjectives are used with “be” in the progressive. The list is in the following.
Compare!
- Bob is foolish. : Foolishness is one of Bob’s usual characteristics
- Tom is being foolish. : Right now, at the moment of speaking, Tom is doing something
that speaker considers foolish.
CERTAIN ADJECTIVE
IS/AM/ARE + BEING + ADJECTIVE
Adjective that can be used with is/am/are being
Bad (ill-behaved) : tidak baik Quiet : tenang
Careful : hati-hati Responsible : bertanggung jawab
Cruel : kejam Rude : kasar/tidak sopan
Fair : adil Serious : serius/bersungguh-sungguh
Foolish : tolol Silly : bodoh
Funny : lucu Unfair : tidak adil
Generous : murah hati Unkind : tidak baik
Good (well- behaved) : baik Unpleasant : tidak menyenangkan
Illogical : tidak masuk akal Impolite : tidak sopan

Irresponsible : tidak bertanggung jawab Kind : baik
Lazy : malas Logical : masuk akal
Loud : kasar Nice : baik/menyenangkan
Noisy : ramai/ribut Patient : sabar
Pleasant : menyenangkan Polite : sopan
Incorrect : I am knowing many things about you.

Correct : I know many things about you.
Incorrect : He is wanting to go to the airport now.
Correct : He wants to go to the airport now.
(2) Present progressive is to indicate future time.
John is leaving for Jakarta tomorrow. (future time)
We are flying to Sidney next week. (future time)
Exercise 72: Write the –ing form for the following words.
1. smile = _______smiling______ 11. grow =___________________
2. ride = ___________________ 12. wait =___________________
3. run = ___________________ 13. take =___________________
4. stop =___________________ 14. come =___________________
5. rain =___________________ 15. die =___________________
6. sleep =___________________ 16. mop =___________________
7. push =___________________ 17. dream =___________________
8. count =___________________ 18. bite =___________________
9. fix =___________________ 19. hit =___________________
10. write =___________________ 20. join =___________________

1. We _____ making sandwiches. 6. My friends_____watching a new DVD.
a. am b. are c. is a. am b. are c. is
2. I _____ sending a text message. 7. George _____ wearing a pullover today.
3. Tom _____cleaning the shop. 8. Ron and Dave _____ running out of the house.
4. They _____ doing an exercise. 9. My baby brother _____ playing with his toys.
5. The teacher _____ checking the homework. 10. Our classes _____ visiting a museum.
Exercise 74: Choose the correct completions.
1. Anita and Pablo ________ TV right now.
a. watch b. watching c. are watching
2. ____ you writing a letter to your parents? No. I’m studying.
a. Do b. Are c. Don’t
3. I _______ like to write letters.
a. no b. am not c. don’t

4. “Jack has six telephones in his apartment.”
“I _____ you. No one needs six telephones in one apartment.”
a. am believe b. am not believing c. don’t believe
5. When I want to know the time, I _____ a clock.
a. see b. look at c. watch
6. “Do you know Fatima?”
“Yes, I do. I ______ she is very nice person.”
a. am thinking b. thinking c. think
7. Where ____ John? Upstairs or downstairs?
a. does b. is c. lives
8. Oh no. Ron ____. He is allergic to cats.
a. is sneezing b. doesn’t sneeze c. sneezes
9. The teacher often ______ on time.
a. doesn’t start b. isn’t starting c. don’t start
10. “You look sad.”
“Yes, I _______ about my family back in my country. I miss them.”
a. think b. am thinking c. thinking
Exercise 75: Negate and interrogate the sentences.
1. The girls are reading their bikes : ________________________________
2. He is taking out a book : ________________________________
3. I am washing my hair : ________________________________
4. The baby is crying : ________________________________
5. You are listening to music : ________________________________
Exercise 76: Interrogate the sentences.

6. The dog is running after the cat : ________________________________
7. She is sitting on the chair : ________________________________
8. My mum is preparing lunch now : ________________________________
9. We are carrying buckets : ________________________________
10. The teacher is opening the window : ________________________________
Exercise 77: Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps in progressive tense.
1. Dennis ____ comics at the moment. (to swap) 6. ___ we ____ stamps from school? (to collect)
2. Listen! Pete and Joe _____ (to scream, not) 7. Listen! Angela _____ home. (to come)
3. ___ Tommy ___ the picnic basket? (to pack) 8. The cat _____ through the door. (to climb, not)
4. Look! They ____ hands. (to shake) 9. Shhtt! The babies ____a nap. (to take)
5. I ____ a bath right now. (to have) 10. ___ I ___ to the pet shop? (to go)

PROGRESS TEST
SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Test 1: Interview questions and answers.

Direction: Complete the sentences with appropriate words.
ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 68

Test 2: Error Analysis: Present Verbs
Direction: All the sentences contain mistakes. Find and correct the mistakes.
Example: I no like cold weather,
→ I don’t like cold weather.
1. Student at this school. 7. She expect us to be in class on time.
2. I no living at home right now. 8. We always are coming to class on time.
3. I be living in this city. 9. Omar does he going to school?
4. I am study English. 10. Tom no go to school.
5. I am not knowing my teacher’s name. 11. My sister don’t have a job.
6. Mr. Daniel teach our English class. 12. Does Anna has a job?
Test 3: Complete the sentences. Use am, is, are, do, or does.
1. ____ you ready? The bus ____ leaving right now.
2. ___ you have enough money for the bus?
3. Oh, no. It _____ raining again. ___ it rain often in this city?
4. Excuse me, what time _____ you have?
5. No one is here. ____ I early or late?
6. I _____ looking for the registration office. Where ____ it?
7. When ________ the registration office close?
8. Where ________ your school?
9. Where ________ you live?
10. _____ your classmates live near you?
Test 4: Use the verbs in italics to complete the sentences.

1. Brush Alicia brushes her hair every morning.
2. Teach Alex ____________ English.
3. Fix Jason _________ his breakfast every morning. He makes eggs and toast.
4. Drink Sinta __________ tea every afternoon.
5. Watch Jessica __________ television at night.
6. Kiss Peter always __________ his children goodnight.
7. Wear Tina usually _________ jeans to class.
8. Wash Eric seldom _________ dishes.
9. Walk Jenny ___________ her dog twice each day.
10. Stretch When Jack gets up in the morning, he _____ and _______ Yawn.

Test 5: Choose either simple present or present progressive in the following sentences.
1. Something _______ (smell) very good. 6. Maria _____ (have) a cold.
2. We _______ (eat) dinner at 7 o’clock tonight. 7. Jorge _____ (swim) right now.
3. He ________ (practice) the piano every day. 8. John ______ (hate) smoking.
4. They _______ (drive) to school tomorrow. 9. Jill always ______ (get) up at 6:00 A.M.
5. I _____ (believe) in you. 10. Jerry _____ (mow) the lawn right now.
Test 6: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.

1. A: Tom is on the phone
B: (he/talk) is he talking to his wife?
A: Yes.
B: (he, talk) _____Does he talk_____ to her often?
A: Yes, he (talk) talks to her every day during his lunch break.
2. A: I (walk) _____ to school every day. I (take, not) _______ the bus. (you take) ______ the bus?
B: No, I don’t.
3. A: Anna is in the hallway.

B: (she, talk) _______________ to her friends?
A: No, she isn’t. She (run) ____________ to her next class.
4. A: I (read) ___________________ the newspaper every day.

B: How about your grammar book? (you, read) ________ your grammar book every day?
A: No, I don’t. I (read, not) _____________________ my grammar book every day.
5. A: What (you, read) ________________ right now?

B: I (read) ______________ my grammar book.
6. A: (you, want) ____________ your coat?

B: Yes.
A: (be, this) __________ your coat?
B: No, my coat (hang) _____________ in the closet.

Test 7: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.
1. Ahmed (talk) ___________ to his classmates every day in the class. Right now he (talk) ________
to Yoko. He (talk, not) ____________ to his friend Omar right now.
2. It (rain) ___________ a lot in this city, but it (rain, not) ___________ right now. The sun (shine)
__________ . (it, rain) _______________ a lot in your hometown?
3. Hans and Anna (sit) __________ next to each other in class every day, so they often (help)
________ each other with their grammar exercises. Right now Anna (help) ________ Hans with
an exercise on present verb tenses.
4. Roberto (cook) ___________ his own dinner every morning. Right now he is in the kitchen. He
(cook) _____________ rice and beans. (he, cook) ______________ meat for his dinner tonight
too? No, he is a vegetarian. He (eat, not) ___________ meat. (you, eat) _________ meat? (you, be)
________________ a vegetarian?
Test 8: Use the words in parentheses to complete the sentences. Use the simple present or present
progressive.
1. Alice is in her room right now. She (read) ________ a book. She (like) _______ the book.
2. It (snow) _________ right now. It’s beautiful! I (like) ___________ this weather.
3. The teacher (talk) ______ to us right now. I (understand) _____ everything she’s saying.
4. Mike is at restaurant right now. He (eat) _______ dinner. He (like) ______ the food. It (taste)
______ good.
5. Sniff-sniff. I (smell) _________ gas. (you, smell) ___________ it too?
6. Jason (tell) __________ us a story right now. I (believe) __________ his story. I (think)
_______ that his story is true.
7. Ugh! Someone (smoke) ______ a cigar. It (smell) _____ terrible! I (hate) ______ cigars.
8. Look at Mr. Allen. He (hold) ________ a kitten in his hand. He (love) _______ the kitten. Mr.
Allen (smell) _______.
9. I (sit) _______ in the class right now. I (sit, always) ________ in the same seat every day.
10. Right now we (do) ______ an exercise in class. We (do) ____ exercises in class every day.
11. I’m in the class now. I (look) ______ at my classmates. Kenny (write) _________ in his book.
Francisco (look) _______ out the window. Yoko (bite) _____ his pencil. Abdullah (smile)
_____. Maria (sleep) ______. Steven (chew) _______ gum.
12. I would like to tell you my neighbor Barbara. She’s an accountant. She (work) _______ for the
government. She (have) ______ an hour for lunch every day. She (eat, often) ______ lunch in
the park. She (bring, usually) ______ a sandwich and some fruits with her to the park. She (sit,
usually) ______ on a bench, but sometimes she (sit) ______ on the grass. While she’s at the

park, she (watch) ______ people and animals. She (watch) _______ joggers and squirrels. She
(relax) ______ when she eats at the park.
13. Right now I (look at) _____a picture of Barbara. She (be, not) _____ at home. She (be) _____
at the park. She (sit) _______ on a bench. She (eat) ______ her lunch. A jogger (run) _____on
a path through the park. A squirrel (eat) ______ a nut. Barbara (watch) _________ the squirrel.
She (watch, always) ________ squirrel when she eats lunch at the park. Some ducks (swim)
_______ in the pond in the picture, and some birds (fly) _______ in the sky. A police officer
(ride) ________ a horse. He (ride) __________ a horse through the park every day. Near
Barbara, a family (have) ________ a picnic. They (go) __________ on picnic every week.
Test 9: Correct the errors.

1. It’s raining today. I no like the rain.
2. I like New York City. I am thinking that it is a wonderful city.
3. Does Abdul be sleeping right now
4. Why you are going downtown today?
5. I’m listening you.
6. Are you hearing a noise outside the window?
7. Dave at a restaurant now. He usually eat at home, but today he eating dinner at a restaurant.
8. I am liking flowers. They are smelling good.
9. Alex is siting at his desk. He writting a letter.
10. Where do they are sitting today?
Test 10: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses. Use simple present or present
progressive. Use an infinitive where necessary.
The smiths are at home. It is evening. Paul (sit) _______on the sofa. He (read) _______ a
newspaper. Ellen (sit) ______ at the desk. She (study) _________ while she is studying, she (listen to)
________ music on her radio. Paul (hear) ________ the music, but he (listen to, not) _________ it
right now. He (read) ________ the weather report in the newspaper.
Ellen (study) ________ her chemistry test. She (think) ______ that chemistry is easy. She
(think, about) ______ chemical formulas. She (understand) ________ the formulas.
Mrs. Smith is in the kitchen. She (cook) ______ dinner. She (make) ______ a sauce for pasta. Steam
(rise) ______ from the pot on the stove. Mrs. Smith (like, not) _______ to cook, but she (know)
_______ that her family has to eat good food. While she (make) _________ dinner, Mrs. Smith (think,

about) _________ vacation on the beach. Sometimes Mrs. Smith (get) ______ tired of cooking all the
time, but she (love) _______ her family very much and (want) ______ to (take) ________ care of their
health.
Mr. smith (stand) ________ near the front door. He (take off) _________his coat. Under his
coat, he (wear) ________ a suit. Mr. smith is happy to be home. He (think about) ________ dinner.
After dinner, he (want) _____ (watch) _______ television. He (need) ______ (go) ______ to bed early
tonight because he has a busy day at work tomorrow.
In the corner of the living room, a mouse (eat) ______ a piece of cheese. The mouse (think)
______ that the cheese (taste) _______ good. Puss (see, not) ______ the mouse. She (smell, not)
_________ the mouse. Puss (sleep) _______ . She (dream about) ________ a mouse. Bobby is in the
middle of the living room. he (play) ______with a toy train. He (see, not) ________ the mouse
because he (look at) ________ his toy train. The bird, Tweetie, (sing) _________ . Bobby (listen to
not) __________ the bird. He is busy with his train.

3. PRESENT PERFECT (Pr. Pf.)
A. Function: to indicate:
(1) an action that happened at an unidentified time in the past.
John has traveled around the world. (We don’t know when.)
(2) an action that happened more than once in the past.
George has seen this movie three times.
(3) an action that began in the past and is still occurring in the present.
John has lived in the same house for thirty years. (He still lives there.)
John has lived in the same house since 1988. (He still lives there.) If it is now 2021.
Subject Vaux. Vord. B. Patterns:

I a. Verbal Sentence
You have verb 3 (+) S + have/has + V3 We have studied English for 10 years.
We
They
(-) S + have/has + not + V3 We have not studied English for 10
He years.
She has verb 3 (?) Aux (have/ has) + S + V3+? Have we studied English for 10 years?
It • Yes, we have/ No, we have not.
b. Nominal Sentence
(+) S + have/has + been + complement She has been sick since last week.
(-) S + have/has + not + been+ complement She has not been sick since last week.
(?) Have/Has + S + been+ complement +? Has she been sick since last week?
• Yes, she has / No, she has not
C. Time signals: since, for, yet, already, up to now, just now, recently, lately, never, ever, etc.
(a) I have finished my work.

(b) The students have finished Chapter 3. STATEMENT : have/has + past participle
(c) Jim has eaten lunch.
(d) I’ve / You’ve / We’ve / They’ve eaten lunch CONTRACTION
(e) She’s / He’s eaten lunch pronoun + have = ‘ve
(f) It’s been cold for the last three days. pronoun + has = ‘se*
NEGATIVE : have/has + not + past participle
(g) I have not (haven’t) finished my work. NEGATIVE CONTRACTION
(h) Ann has not (hasn’t) eaten lunch. have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t
(i) Have you finished your work? QUESTION : have + has + subject + past participle
(j) Has Jim eaten lunch?
(k) How long have you lived here?
(l) A : Have you seen that movie ? SHORT ANSWER : have / haven’t or has / hasn’t
B : Yes , I have . OR No ,I haven’t Note: The helping verb in the short answer is not
(j) A : Has Jim eaten lunch ? contracted with the pronoun.
B : Yes , he has . OR No , he hasn’t INCORRECT : Yes , I’ve or Yes, he’s

PRESENT PERFECT, MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME
THE PRESENT PERFECT expresses an activity or situation that occurred

now (a) Jim has already eaten lunch. (or did not occur) before now, at some unspecified time in the past.
(b) Ann hasn’t eaten lunch yet. In (a): Jim’s lunch occurred before the present time. The exact time is not
before now (c) Have you ever eaten at that mentioned; it is unimportant or unknown. For the speaker , the only
restaurant. important information is that Jim’s lunch occurred in the past , sometime
before now
time?
now
(d) Pete has eaten at that restaurant An activity may be repeated two , several , or more times before now , at
before now many times. unspecified times in the past ,as in (d) and (e)
(e) I have eaten there twice.
PRESENT PERFECT, MEANING #2 A SITUATION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE PRESENT.
(f) We’ve been in class since ten o’clock When the present prefect is used with since or for, it expresses
this morning. situations that began in the past and continue to the present.
In (f): Class started at ten. We are still class now, at the
(g) I have known Ben for ten years. I met moment of speaking.
him ten years ago. I still know him today.
We are friends. INCORRECT: We are in class since ten o’clock this morning.

This paper is intentionally blank.

Exercise 78: Complete the dialogues with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect.
1. A : (you , eat , ever) _____have you ever eaten_________seaweed?
B : No , I ____haven’t_____ . I (eat , never)’ve never eaten seaweed.
2. A : (you , stay , ever) ___________________________________ at a big hotel?

B : Yes, I __________________. I (stay) ___________________ at a big hotel lots of times.
3. A : (you , meet , ever) ________________________________________ a movie star?

B : No , I ________________ . I (meet , never) ___________________________ a movie star.
4. A : (Tom , visit ,ever) _______________________________________________ you at your house?

B : Yes , he _____________. He (visit) ___________________________________ me lots of times.
5. A : (Ann, be , ever) __________________________________________ in Mexico?

B : No , she ________. She (be , never) ________ in Mexico . She (be never) _______________ in
Mexico. She (be, not) ___________________ in any Spanish – speaking countries.
Exercise 79: Complete the dialogues with the given verbs and any words in parentheses.
1. eat A: (you, ever) ___ have you ever eaten ___ pepperoni pizza?
B: Yes, I ___have__. I _have eaten_ pepperoni pizza many times. OR
No, I __haven’t__. I (never) __have never eaten ___ pepperoni pizza.
2. talk A: (you, ever) _____________ to a famous person?
B: Yes, I _________ · I ___________ to a lot of famous people. OR
No, I _______ . I (never) _________ to a famous person.
3. rent A: (Erica, ever) ______________ a car?

B: Yes, she _________. She ___________ a car many times. OR
No, she _______. She (never) __________ a car.
4. see A: (you, ever) ___________ a shooting star?

B: Yes, I ___________· I _________ a lot of shooting stars. OR
No, I __________ · I (never) __________ a shooting star.
5. catch A: (Joe, ever) ___________ a big fish?

B: Yes, he ________. He ___________ lots of big fish. OR
No, he ________. He (never) ___________ a big fish.
6. have A: (you, ever) _______________ a bad sunburn?

B: Yes, I _________. I ______________ a bad sunburn several times. OR
No, I __________. I ______________ (never) sunburn.

Exercise 80: Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verbs in parentheses.
1. A cell phone is so convenient. I (want) __have wanted _____ available for sale.
2. I quit eating meat when I was in college. I (be) ___________vegetarian for several years and feel very
healthy.
3. We got a dog because we live in an isolated area. She (be) ________ a wonderful watchdog for us.
4. We (fly) __________ that airline many times because the service is excellent.
5. Our neighbors (pick up, not) _____________ their mail yet. They may not be back from their trip.
6. Vivian (change) ________ her hair color so many times that no one can remember her natural color.
7. Our teacher (correct, already) _____________ our tests, but she (return, not) __________ them yet.
8. A: Jose left two messages on my answering machine. I wonder what he wants.
B: Maybe he just wants to talk. He said he (talk, not) ___________ to you in a long time.
9. My parents (need) __________ a new car for several months. They (look) __________ in lots of car
showrooms, but they can't agree on what kind of car to buy.
10. A: (you, have) _____________ your flu shot this year? I got mine last week.
B: No, but I will. I (get) _____________ one every year for the past three years. My doctor says it's
a good idea after the age of 50.
Exercise 81: Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verbs in the list and any words in
parentheses. Use each verb only once.
eat look save use give speak
play sleep wear improve rise win
1. People ____have used______ leather to make shoes for hundreds of years.

2. The night is over. It's daytime now. The sun ___________.
3. I (never) _________________ golf, but I'd like to. It looks like fun.
4. Our team is great. They _______ all of their games so far this year. They haven't lost a single game.
5. Amy must be mad at me. She (not) ___________ one word to me all evening. I wonder what I did to
make her angry.
6. The cat must be sick. He (not) ____________ any food for two days. We'd better call the vet.
7. Our teacher __________ us a lot of tests and quizzes since the beginning of the term.
8. We put a little money in our savings account every month. We want to buy a car, but we (not)
__________ enough money yet. We'll have enough in a few more months.

9. (you, ever) ____________outdoors for an entire night? I mean without a tent, with nothing between
you and the stars?
10. My aunt puts on a wig whenever she goes out, but I(never) __________ a wig in my whole life.
11. Paul's health a lot ________ since he started eating the right kinds of food, exercising regularly, and
handling the stress in his life. He's never felt better.
12. I can't find my keys. I __________ everywhere - in all my pockets, in my briefcase, in my desk.
They're gone.
Exercise 82: Arrange the words into positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.
1. (We / do / the homework/lately)

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. (John and Marry / play / badminton / for 3 hours)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. (Sandra / take / History 101 / since last week)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Exercise 83: Complete the sentences with since or for.
1. David has worked for the power company ___since____ 1999.

2. His brother has worked for the power company ___for____ five years.
3. I have known Peter Gow _______ September.
4. I've known his sister _______ three months.
5. Jonas has walked with a limp _______ many years.
6. He's had a bad leg _______ he was in the war.
7. Rachel hasn't been in class _______ last Tuesday.
8. She hasn't been in class _______ three days.
9. My vision has improved _______ I got new reading glasses.
10. I've had a toothache _______ yesterday morning.
11. I've had this toothache _______ thirty-six hours.
12. I've had a cold _______ almost a week.
13. Jane hasn't worked _______ last summer when the factory closed down.
14. I attended Jefferson Elementary School _______ six years.

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Pr. Pf. C.)
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

(a) Rita and Josh are talking on the phone. expresses the duration of present activities that
They have been talking on the phone for twenty are in progress , using action verbs , as in (a).
minutes.
PRESENT PERFECT THE PRESENT PERFECT expresses
(b) Rita has talked to Josh on the phone many times. (1) repeated activities that occur at unspecified
(before now) times in the past, as in (b) ,or
(c) INCORRECT : Rita has been talking to Josh on
the phone many times. (2) the duration of present situations ,as in (d) ,
(d) Ritas has known Josh for two years. using non-action verbs.
(e) INCORRECt: Rita has been knowing Josh for
two years.
(f) I have been living here for six months. OR For some (not all) verbs , duration can be
(g) I have lived here for six months. expressed by either the present perfect or the
(h) Al has been wearing glasses since he was ten. present perfect progressive . (f) and (g) have
essentially the same meaning , and both are
OR
correct.
Al has worn glasses since he was ten.
(i) I’ve been going to school ever since I was five Often either tense can be used with verbs that
years old. express the duration of usual or habitual
OR activities / situations (things that happen daily or
regularly)
I’ve gone to school ever since I was five years
old. e.g., live,work,teach, smoke, wear, glasses, play
chess,go to school,read the same newspaper
every morning,etc.

Subject Auxiliary V ord. Function: to indicate an action that began in the past and is still
I occurring in the present. It also shows a general activity in
You have +
We been + Ving progress recently happened without mentioning a specific time.
They
He has + been Time signals: since, for, yet, already, up to now, just now, recently,
She + Ving etc.
It
Examples:
A. A: How long have you been living in Jakarta?
B: I’ve been living here in Jakarta for almost 8 years.
A: Has Andre been living with you too?
B: No, he hasn’t. He has been studying in the UK since last 3 years.
B. John has worked in Washington for three years.
or
John has been working in Washington for three years. (not yet completed)
PRESENT PERFECT vs. THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Exercise 84: Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect or the present perfect progressive. In some
sentences, either form is possible.
1. A : I’m tired . We (walk) _have been walking for more than an hour. Let’s stop and rest for a while.
B : Okay.
2. A : Is the post office far from here ?
B : Not at all. I (walk) _____have walked______ there many times.
3. A : Do you like it here ?
B : I (live) __have been living/have lived____ here for only a short while . I don’t know yet.
4. A : I (read) _____________ this chapter in my chemistry text three times and I still don’t understand.
B : Maybe I can help.
5. A : My eyes are getting tired. I (read) _______________ for two hours. I think I’ll take a break.
B : Why don’t we go for a walk?
6. A : Do you like the Edgewater Inn?
B : Very much . I (stay) ___________________ there at least a dozen times. It’s my favourite hotel.
7. A : The baby’s crying . Shouldn’t we do something?
B : He’s all right.
A : Are you sure ? He (cry) _________________________________ for almost ten minutes.
B : Okay. I’ll go into his room and see if anything’s wrong.
8. A :Who’s your daughter’s new teacher?
B : Mrs. Jackson
A : She’s one of the best teachers. She (teach)_____ kindergarten for 20 years.

9. A : Ed (play) _________________ tennis for ten years , but he still doesn’t have a good backhand.
B : Neither do I, and I (play) ___________________________________ tennis for twenty years.
10. A : Where does Mr. Alvarez work?
B : At the power company . He (work) _______________ three for fifteen years . He likes his job.
A : What about his neighbour , Mr. Perez?
B : He’s currently unemployed, but he’ll find a new job soon.
A : What kind of job experience does he have?
B : He (work) ________________________ for a small manufacturing firm , for the telephone
company , and at two of the world’s leading software companies. With all that work experience, he
won’t have any trouble finding another job.
Exercise 85: Use the given information to complete the dialogues. Use the present perfect progressive.
1. Eric is studying. He started to study at seven o'clock. It is now nine o'clock.

A: How long ___has Eric been studying_____?
B: He's ___been studying____ for __two hour___.
2. Kathy is working at the computer. She began to work at the computer at two o'clock. It is now three
o'clock.
A: How long ____has Ketty been working at the computer___________?
B: She's _been working ________ since _____ two o'clock _____.
3. It began to rain two days ago. It is still raining.

A: How long _________________________?
B: It _______________ for _____________.
4. Liz is reading. She began to read at ten o'clock. It is now ten-thirty.

A: How long __________________________?
B: She _____________ for _______________.
5. Boris began to study English in 2001. He is still studying English.

A: How long ___________________________?
B: He _________________ since __________.
6. Three months ago, Nicole started to work at the Silk Road Clothing Store.
A: How long ______________________?
B: She _______________ for __________.
7. Ms. Rice started to teach at this school in September 2001.

A: How long ______________________?
B: She ______________ since ________.
8. Mr. Fisher drives a Chevy. He bought it twelve years ago.
A: How long ______________________?
B: He _____________ for ____________.
10. Ted and Erica started to play tennis at two o'clock. It's now four-thirty.
A: How long ______________________?
B: They _________________ since __________.
Exercise 86: Present Continuous or Present Perfect
Direction: Choose the correct verb form.
1. Where have you been? I _____________ for you for over an hour!
A. am waiting B. have been waiting
2. I'm exhausted! I _____________ for the last eight hours without a break.
A. am working B. have been working
3. Shhh! Susan ________________. Let's not make any noise. We don't want to wake her up.
A. is sleeping B. has been sleeping
4. Ann, go upstairs and wake your brother up. He ______ for over ten hours. He has chores to do.
A. is sleeping B. has been sleeping
5. Erin has never gone camping. She ____________ in a tent.
A. has never slept B. has never been sleeping
6. This is a great shirt! I _____________ it at least a dozen times, and it still looks like new.
A. have washed B. have been washing
7. Aren't you about finished with the dishes? You ________ dishes for thirty minutes or more. How long
can it take to wash dishes?
A. have washed B. have been washing
8. We ___________ to the Steak House restaurant many times. The food is excellent.
A. have gone B. have been going
Exercise 87: ALREADY, STILL, YET, ANYMORE.

Directions: Choose the correct completion.
1. I haven't finished my homework yet. I'm _________ working on it.
a. already b. still c. yet d. anymore
2. Top Rock Videos used to be my favorite TV show, but I have stopped watching it. I don't watch it
__________.
3. I don't have to take any more math classes. I've __________ taken all the required courses.
4. I used to nearly choke in an airplane because of all the smoke in the cabin. But smoking is now
forbidden by law on all domestic flights. You can't smoke in an airplane _______.
5. I'm not quite ready to leave. I haven't finished packing my suitcase _________.
6. "Don't you have a class at two?"
"Yeah, why?"
"Look at your watch."
"Oh my gosh, it's _______ past two! Bye!"

7. Don't sit there! I painted that chair yesterday, and the paint isn't completely dry ______.
8. 1448 South 45th Street is Joe's old address. He doesn't live there _________.
9. Mr. Wood is eighty-eight years old, but he _______ goes into his office every day.
10. "Are you going to drive to Woodville with us for the street festival Saturday?"
"I don't know. I might. I haven't made up my mind ________. "

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE (S. Ps)
A. Function: to tell about the activity happened in the past.
Subject Be Aux
B. Time signals: last____, ___ ago, this morning, in 2010, yesterday. I was
You were
C. Example:
We were
A: Did you buy that book?
They were did
B: Yes, I bought it on a discount.
He was
A: Did you also get a voucher?
She was
B: No, I didn’t get any voucher.
It was
D. Pattern:
a. Verbal Sentence
(+) S + V2 We studied English yesterday.
(-) S + did not + V1 We did not study English yesterday.
(?) Aux (Did) + S + V1 + ? Did we study English yesterday? • Yes, we did
• No, we did not
b. Nominal Sentence
(+) S + be (was, were) + complement She was sick yesterday.
(-) S + be (was, were) + not + complement She was not sick yesterday.
(?) Be (was, were) + S + complement + ? Was she sick yesterday?
Yes, she was/ No, she was not
Practice 88: Which form is correct? Exercise 89: Use the verbs in the simple past forms.
1. I ____ a. was b. were 1. They work = ________________

2. We ____ a. was b. were 2. We arrive = ________________
3. She ____ a. was b. were 3. She visits = ________________
4. You ____ a. got b. getted 4. You enjoy = ________________
5. She ____ a. met b. meted 5. It carries = ________________
6. They ____ a. spent b. spended 6. We cycle = ________________
7. It ____ a. did b. does 7. They play = ________________
8. Santy ____ a. was b. were 8. She tries = ________________
9. Ray ____ a. was b. were 9. He listens = ________________
10. He and I ___a. was b. were 10. I understand = _______________
11. I ____ a. drinked b. drank
12. We ____ a. understanded b. understood
13. You ____ a. lived b. liveed
14. Cows ____a. was b. were

Exercise 90: Which sentences are correct?
1. Which sentence is in the simple past?
a. She read a book. b. She reads a book. c. She has read a book.
2. Which negative sentence is in the simple past?
a. They didn’t sing a song. b. They did’nt sing a song. c. They don’t sang a song.
3. Which negative sentence is in the simple past?

a. We spoke not Russian. b. We not spoke Russian. c. We did not speak Russian.
4. Which question is in the simple past form?
a. Did you saw her? b. Did you see her? c. Have you seen her?
5. Which question is in the simple past form?
a. When did he find the key? b. When found he the keys? c. When does he find the keys?
6. In which sentence is the simple past used correctly?

a. The room were very nice. b. The room was very nice. c. The room is very nice.
7. The simple past is used correctly?
a. I forgotted my homework. b. I forgot my homework. c. I forgots my homework.
Practice 91: Choose the correct answers. The answer can be more the one.
1. Which verb forms are used with the Simple Past?
a. Infinitive + -ed b. was/were + infinitive + -ing
2. Which verb forms are in the Simple Past?
a. was c. were e. played
b. plaied d. had f. has
a. lived c. liveed e. tried
b. tryed d. planed f. planned
4. Which sentences/questions are in the Simple Past?
a. I fell from the tree. c. She was in Hamburg. e. He didn’t learn for school.
b. I’ve found a pen. d. We’re watching a film.
5. What are typical signal words for the Simple Past?
a. yesterday c. two weeks ago e. at the moment
b. in 2002 d. while
Exercise 92: Form questions in the simple past.

1. why / Julia / to ask / questions = ____________________________________
2. when / you / to watch / the film = ____________________________________
3. the cat / to run after / the dog = ____________________________________
4. when / Eric / to phone / his friend = ____________________________________
5. to be / the boys / in the sun = ____________________________________

Exercise 93: Negate the sentences.
1. It rained yesterday. = _______________________________________
2. We ran to the house. = _______________________________________
3. The parents were in the restaurant. = _______________________________________
4. Andy invited his friends. = _______________________________________
5. Lee drew a picture. = _______________________________________
Exercise 94: Use either the simple past or the present perfect in the following sentences.
1. John _____ (write) his report last night.
2. Bob _____ (see) this movie before.
3. Jorge ____ (read) the newspaper already.
4. Mr. Johnson ____ (work) here for twenty years.
5. We _____ (begin; negative) to study for the test yet
6. George ____ (go) to the store at ten o’clock this morning.
7. Joan _____ (travel, just) around the world.
8. Betty _____ (write) a letter since two hours ago.
9. Randy _____ (call, not) his employer yesterday.
10. ____ we ____ this movie yet? (see; negative)
1. (Joe / steal / the money/yesterday)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. (Miranda / sweep / the floor / just now)

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. (We / need / the dictionary/this morning)

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. (Andre and Suzan / leave / Surabaya / 5 hours ago)

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Exercise 96: Simple Present, Present Progressive, and Simple Past Forms.
Direction: Complete the chart with the correct forms of the verbs.
Exercise 97: Simple Past: Irregular Verbs

Directions: Complete each sentence with the simple past of any irregular verb that makes sense. There
may be more than one possible completion.
1. Mary walked to school today . Rebecca ______ her car. Olga _____ her bicycle. Yoko ____ the bus.
2. Last night I had a good night’s sleep. I ____________ nine hours.
3. Ann __________ a beautiful dress to wedding reception.
4. It got so cold last night that the water in the pond ___________.
5. Frank was really thirsty _________. He ___________ four glasses of water
6. Karen had to choose between a blue raincoat and a tan one. She finally ___________ the blue one.
7. My husband gave me a painting for my birthday. I ____________ it on a wall in my coffee .
8. Last night around mid-night , when I was sound asleep, the telephone _____. It ________ me up.
9. The sun ____________ at 6:04 this morning and will set at 6:59.
10. I ____________ an e-mail to the cousin after I finished studying yesterday evening.
11. Ms. Manning ______________ chemistry at the local high school last year.
12. The police ____________ the bank robbers. They are in jail now.

13. Oh my God! Call the police! Someone __________ my car!
14. Today Rey has on slacks and a sport, jacket, but yesterday he ___ jeans and a sweet shirt to work.
15. My friend told me that he had a singing dog. When the dog ______, I ___ my hands over my ears.
16. When I introduced Pedro to Ming, they ______________ hands and greeted each other.
17. I _____________ the kitchen floor with a broom.
18. A bird ____________ into our apartment through an open window.
19. I caught the bird and ____________ it gently in my hands until I could put it back outside.
20. The children had a good time at the park yesterday. They ______ the ducks small pieces of bread.
21. My dog ______________ a hole in the yard and buried his bone.
22. Ahmad _____________ his apartment in a hurry this morning because he was late for school.
That’s why he ____________ to bring his books to class.
Exercise 98: Simple Past: Irregular Verbs

Directions: Complete each sentence with the simple past of any irregular verb that makes sense. There
may be more than one possible completion.
1. Alex hurt his finger when he was fixing his dinner last night. He accidentally ________it with a
sharp knife.
2. I don’t have any money in my pocket. She ___________ them because they were comfortable.
3. Ann didn’t throw her old shoes away. She __________ them because they were comfortable.
4. I _____________ an interesting article in the newspaper yesterday.
5. Jack ___________ his pocketknife at the park yesterday. This morning he __________ it in the
grass. He was glad to have it back.
6. Mr. Lito was very happy but a little nervous when he ________ baby in his arms for the first time.
7. I _____________ Jennifer’s parents when they visited her. She introduced me to them.
8. A : Is Natasha I angry with you?

B : No, she __________ me for what I did , and she’s speaking to me again .
9. I dropped my favorite vase. It fell on the floor and __________ into a hundred pieces.
10. When I went shopping yesterday, I _____________ some light bulbs and a cooking pot.
11. The soldiers _________ the battle through the night and into the morning.

12. I used to have a camera, but I ___________ it because I needed the money.
13. Jane didn’t want anyone else to see the not, so she ____________ it in a shoe box in her closer.
14. I didn’t want anyone else to see the note, so I ___________ it into tiny pieces and _________ them
in the wastebasket.
15. The children _______________ pictures of themselves in art class yesterday.
16. I have a cold. Yesterday I _______________ terrible, but I’m feeling better today.
17. Last night I ______ a strange noise in the house around 2:00 A.M., so I ______ up to investigate.
18. Sam ran the fan test , so he ________________ the race.
19. My dog isn’t very friendly. Yesterday she _____________ my neighbor’s leg. Luckily, my dog is
very old and doesn’t have sharp teeth, so she didn’t hurt my neighbor.
20. Steve ____________ on the campfire to make it burn.
21. When I went fishing yesterday, I _____________ a fish right away. But the fish was too small to
keep. I carefully returned it to the water.
22. Amanda __________ a lie. I didn’t believe her because ________ the truth.
Exercise 99: Present and Past Verbs

Directions: Complete each sentence with the simple present, present progressive, simple past, or past
progressive.
PART I. PRESENT TIME

SITUATION:
Right now (sit) ___________ at his desk. He ________ (study) ____________ his grammar
book. His roommate, Oscar, (sit) _________ at his desk, but he (study, not ) _________. He (stare)
__________ out the window. Toshi (want) ____________ to know what Oscar (look) __________ at.
TOSHI : Oscar ,what (you , look) ____________ at?
OSCAR : I (watch) _______ he bicyclist. They are very skillful. I (know, not) _______ how to ride a
bike, so I (admire) _______ anyone who can. Come over to the window. Look at that guy in the blue
shirt. He (steer) ________ his bike with one hand while he (drink) _______ a soda with the other. At
the same time, he (weave) _______ in and out of the heavy street traffic. He (seem) _______ fearless.
TOSHI : Riding a bike (be, not) ______ as hard as it (look) ________. I’II teach you to ride a bike?
OSCAR : I (have, never) __________ a bike when I (be) _______too embarrassed . But I’d like to
learn now! When can we start?

PART II. PRESENT TIME
Yesterday, Toshi (sit) _________ at his desk and (study) __________ his grammar book . His
roommate, Oscar , (sit) _________ at his desk, but he (study, not) __________. He (stare) _________
out the window. He (watch) __________ bicyclists on the street below.
Toshi (walk) ________ over to the window. Oscar (point) _______ out one bicyclists in
particular. This bicyclists (steer) _________ with one hand while he (drink) _________ a soda with
the other. At the same time, he (weave) __________ in and out of the heavy traffic. To Oscar, the
bicyclists (seem) ________ fearless.
Oscar (earn, never ) __________ how to ride a bike when he (be) __________ a child, so
Toshi (offer) ___________ to teach him. Oscar (accept) _____________ gladly.
Exercise 100: Past Time Clauses

Directions: Complete the sentences using the words in parentheses. Use the simple past or the past
progressive. Identify the time clauses.
1. My mother called me around 5:00 A.M. My husband came home a little after that. When he (come)
_____________ home, I (talk) _____________ to my mother on the phone.
2. I (buy) ______ a small gift before I (go) ___________ to the hospital yesterday to visit my friend.
3. Yesterday afternoon I (go) ________ to visit the Smith family. When I (get) ________ there around
two o’ clock, Mrs. Smith (be) _______ in the yard. She (plant) __________ flowers in her garden.
Mr. Smith (be) __________ in the garage. He (work) ___________ on their car. He (change)
_________ the oil. The children (play) ___________ in the front yard. In other word, while Mr.
Smith (change) _________ the oil in the car, the children (play) _________ with a ball in the yard.
4. I (hit) _____ my thumb while I (use) ______ the hammer. Ouch! That (hurt) ______________.
5. As soon as we (hear) ________ the news of the approaching hurricane, we (begin) ____________
our preparations for the storm.
6. It was a long walk home. Mr. Chu (walk) __________ until he (get) __________ tired. Then he
(stop) __________ and (rest) ___________ until he (be) ___________ strong enough to continue.
7. While I (lie) _________ in bed last night, I (hear) _________ a strange noise. When I (hear)
________ this strange noise, I (turn) __________ on the light. I (hold) __________ my breath and
(listen) _______ carefully. A mouse (chew) __________ on something under the floor.

8. I work at a computer all day long. Yesterday while I (look) _______ at my computer screen, I (start)
_______ to feel a little dizzy, so I (take) _______ a break. While I (take) ________ a short break
outdoors and (come) _________up to me and (ask) ________ him how to get there, he (thank)
________ me and (go) _______ on his way. I (stay) _______ the sun, and then I reluctantly (go)
_______ back inside to work. As soon as I (return) ______ to my desk, I (notice) ________ that my
computer (make) ________ a funny noise. It (hum) _________ loudly, and my screen was frozen. I
(think) _________ for a moment, then I (shut) _________ my computer off,(get) _______ up from
my desk , and (leave) _______. I (spend) _______ the rest of the day in the sunshine.
Exercise 101: Correct the errors.

1. Did you went down town yesterday?
2. Yesterday I speak to ken before he leaves his office and goes home.
3. I heared a good joke last night.
4. When Pablo finished his work.
5. I visited my relatives in New York City last month.
6. Where you did go yesterday afternoon?
7. Ms. Wan flew from Singapore to Tokyo last week.
8. When I see my friend yesterday, he didn’t spoke to me.
9. Why Mustafa didn’t came to class last week?
10. Where were you bought those shoes? I like them.

SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
Simple Past In (a) : I finished my work at a spesific time in the past

(a) I finished my work two hours ago. (two hours ago).
Present Perfect In (b) : I finished my work at an unspecified time in the
(b) I have already* finished my work. past (somtemi before now).
Simple Past THE SIMPLE PAST expresses an activity that

(c) I was in Europe last year/three years ago/in occurred at a spesific time (or times) in the past , as in
1999/in 1995 and 1999/when I was ten years old. (a) and (c).
Present Perfect
(d) I have been in Europe many time/several THE PRESENT PERFECT expresses an activity that
times/a couple of times/once (no mention of time) occurred at an unspecified time (or time) in the past , as
in (b) and (d).
Simple Past In (e) : In sentences where for is used in a time
(e) Ann was in Miami for two weeks. expression , the simple pas expresses an activity that
began and ended in the past.
Present Perfect
(f) Bob has been in Miami for two weeks/since In (f) : In sentences with for or since, the present
May first. perfect ezpresses an activity that began in the past and
continues to the present.
Exercise 102: Use either the simple past or the present perfect in the following sentences.
1. John _______ (write) his report last night. 6. George ______ (go) to the store at ten o’clock
2. Bob ______ (see) this movie before. this morning.
3. Jorge ______ (read) the newspaper already. 7. Joan _____ (travel) around the world.
4. Mr. John _____ (work) here for twenty years. 8. Betty ______ (write) a letter last night.
5. We ____ (begin; negative) to study for the test 9. Randy ______ (call) his employer yesterday.
yet. 10. We ______ (see; negative) this movie yet.
Exercise 103: Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps.
1. We ________ in the restaurant in May 2001.(to work)

2. Jack ________ the window of the gym this morning.(to break)
3. I’m sorry. I ________ my diary.(to forget)
4. Last Monday she ________ her computer.(to check)
5. They________ the bike. It looks new again.(to clean)
6. Two years ago Mary ________ Bath.(to visit)
7. I ________ to Siberia yet.(not/to be)
8. Yesterday we ________ volleyball.(to play)

9. ________ you ever ________ magic tricks?(to do)
10. The children ________ their room. It’s still dirty.(not/to clean)
Exercise 104: Signal words in sentences

Direction: Choose which sentence/question is correct.
1) _______
a) Alexander Fleming discovered the penicillin in 1928.
b) Alexander Fleming just discovered the penicillin.
2) _______
a) Did he ride his bike two hours ago? 7) _______
b) Did he ride his bike yet? a) They have never written a text message.
3) _______ b) They have not written a text message in the
a) We have cleaned the car last Thursday. last lesson.
b) We have just cleaned the car. 8) _______
4) _______ a) They just went to town.
a) My grandmother has already got up. b) They went to town yesterday.
b) My grandmother has got up an hour ago. 9) _______
5) _______ a) We already bought this car.
a) I have not visited my uncle two weeks ago. b) We bought this car in 2003.
b) I have not visited my uncle yet.
6) _______ 10) _______
a) Have you ever seen a rattlesnake? a) Anke ever moved to England.
b) Have you seen a rattlesnake yesterday? b) Anke moved to England in August 2006.
Exercise 105: Which tense is used with the following actions?

1. Action beginning in the past and still continuing
a) Present Perfect b) Simple Past
2. Result of an action in the past is important in the present
3. Action finished in the past

1. My father _______ his video camera yesterday.
a) forgets b) forgot c)forgotten
2. Steven _______ across the Altantic.
a) has never flew b) has never flown c) has never fly
3. _______a snake?
a) Have you ever touch b) Have you ever touched c) Did you tauched
4. We _______ the film at home.
a) have already saw b) have already see c) have already seen

5. She _______ the contest three years ago.
a) didn’t win b) didn’t won c) haven’t won
6. They _______ their books out yet.
a) haven’t take b) haven’t taken c) haven’t took
7. The thieves _______ the painting in 1999.
a) steal b) stole c) stolen
8. Last week my uncle _______ a new car.
a) driven b) drives c) drove
9. I _______ the blue pen.
a) have just choose b) have just chose c) have just chosen
10. When _______ this morning?
a) did you wake up b) did you woke up c) did you woken up
Exercise 107: Which answers are correct?

1. Which words are used with Present Perfect?
a) already c) ever e) just g) last week
b) tomorrow d) yesterday f) yet
2. Which words are used with the Simple Past?
a) ever c) in 2004 e) just g) last week
b) now d) two days ago f)yesterday
3. Which verb forms are used with the Present Perfect?
a) 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs d) 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs
b) had + past participle e) has + infinitive+ -ed
c) have + infinitive + -ed f) have / has + past participle
4. Which verb forms are used with the Simple Past?
a) 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs c) infinitive + -ed
b) had + past participle d) have / has+past participle
5. Which sentences/questions are in the Present Perfect?
a) Did you finish your letter this morning? c) Have you finished your letter?
b) She is reading the book d) She’s read the book.
6. Which sentences/questions are in the Simple Past?
a) He has a book. c) He read a book.
b) He reads a book. d) I listened to music. e) I’m listening to music.

Exercise 108: The present perfect vs. the simple past.
Direction: Write F if the activity or situation is finished and c if it continues to the present.

Exercise 109: Complete the sentences with the simple past and the present perfect of the given verbs.
1. begin I _began__ a new diet and exercise program last week. I _have begun_ lots of
new diet and exercise programs in my lifetime.
2. bend I __________ down to pick up my young son from his crib this morning. I
__________ down to pick him up many times since he was born.
3. broadcast The radio _________ news about a terrible earthquake in Iran last week. The
radio _______ news about Iran every day since the earthquake occurred there.
4. catch I __________ a cold last week. I __________ a lot of colds in my lifetime.
5. come A tourist _____________ into Mr. Nasser's jewelry store after lunch. A lot of
____________ tourists into his store since he opened it last year.
6. cut I ________ some flowers from my garden yesterday. I _______ lots of flowers
from my garden so far this summer.
7. dig The workers __________ a hole to fix the leak in the water pipe. They
__________ many holes to fix water leaks since the earthquake.
8. draw The artist __________ a picture of a sunset yesterday. She __________ many
pictures of sunsets in her lifetime.
9. feed I __________ birds at the park yesterday. I ____________ birds at the park every
day since I lost my job.
10. fight We _________ a war last year. We __________ several wars since we became an
independent country.
11. forget I ___________ to turn off the stove after dinner. I __________ to turn off the
stove a lot of times in my lifetime.
12. hide The children ___________ in the basement yesterday. They __________ in the
basement often since they discovered a secret place there.
13. hit The baseball player __________ the ball out of the stadium yesterday. He
___________ a lot of home runs since he joined our team.
14. hold My husband ________the door open for me when he entered the restaurant. He
____________ a door open for me many times since we met each other.
15. keep During the discussion yesterday, I ____________ my opinion to myself. I ____
_____ my opinions to myself a lot of times in my lifetime.
16. lead Mary ___________ the group discussion at the conference. She ________ group
discussions many times since she started going to conferences.
17. lose Eddie _________ money at the racetrack yesterday. He _______ money at the
racetrack lots of times in his lifetime.
18. meet I ________ two new people in my class yesterday. I _________ a lot of new
people since I started going to school here.
19. ride I _______ the bus to work yesterday. I _________ the bus to work many times
since I got a job downtown.
20. ring The doorbell _________ a few minutes ago. The doorbell ______ three times so
far today.
21. see I __________ a good movie yesterday. I __________ a lot of good movies in my
lifetime.
22. steal The fox _________ a chicken from the farmer's yard. The fox ________ three
chickens so far this month.
23. stick I _________ a stamp on the corner of the envelope. I ________ lots of stamps on
envelopes in my lifetime.
24. sweep I ________ the floor of my apartment yesterday. I _________ the floor of my
apartment lots of times since I moved in.
25. take I __________ a test yesterday. I _______ lots of tests in my life as a student.
Exercise 110: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect or the
simple past.
1. A : Have you ever been in Europe?
B : Yes , I _have_. I (be) have been in Europe several times. In fact, I (be) was _in Europe last year.
2. A : Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed?
B : I (finished, already*) _have already finished it . I (finish) finished my work two hours ago.
3. A : Have you ever eaten at Al’s Steak House?
B : Yes, I _____ . I (eat) ________ there many times. In fact, my wife and I (eat) ___ there last night.
4. A : Do you and Erica want to go to the movie at the Palace Theater with us tonight?
B : No thanks. We (see, already) ________ it. We (see)_________ it last week.
5. A : When are you going to write your report for Mr. Goldberg?
B : I (write, already)__________ it. I (write)__________ it two days ago and gave it to him.
6. A : (Antonio, have, ever) __________________ a job?

B : Yes , he _______. He (have) ___________ lots of part-time jobs. Last summer he (have)
_____________________ a job at his uncle’s waterbed store.
7. A : This is a good book . Would you like to read it when I’m finished?
B : Thanks, but I (read, already) __________it. I (read) ________ it a couple of months ago.
8. A : When European countries (you, visit)_____________________________ ?
B : I (visit) __________ Hungary , Germany , and Switzerland . I (visit) _____ Hungary in 1998. I
(be) _____________ in Germany and Switzerland in 2001.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Al and Ann are in their car right now . They THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
are driving home . It is now four o’clock . talks about have long an activity has been in
progress before now.
(a) They have been driving since two o’clock.
(b) They have been driving for two hours. NOTE : Time expressions with since , as in (a) ,
They will be home soon. and for , as in (b) , are frequently used with this
sentence.
STATEMENT : have/ has + been + -ing
(c) How long have they been driving? QUESTION FORM :
have/has + been + -ing
COMPARE the present progressive and the present perfect progressive.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(d) Po is sitting in class right
now. THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE describes an
activity that is in progress right
now , as in (d) . It does not
discuss duration (length of time)
INCORRECT : Po has been

sitting in class right now
Po is sitting at his desk in

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE class. He sat down at nine
o’clock . It is now nine-thirty . THE PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
(e) Po has been sitting in class expresses the duration (length
since nine o’clock. of time) of an activity that began
in the past and is in progress
(f) Po has been sitting in class right now.
for thirty minutes.
INCORRECT : Po is sitting in
class since nine o’clock.
(g) CORRECT : I know Yoko. Reminder : Non-action verbs (e.g.,know,like,own,

(h) INCORRECT : I am knowing Yoko. belong) are not used in any progressive tenses.* In (i) :
(i) CORRECT : I have known Yoko for two years. With non-action verbs,the present perfect is used with
(j) INCORRECT : I have been knowing for two years. since or for to express the duration of a situation that
began in the past and continoues to the present.

Exercise 111: Complete the sentences. Use the present progressive or the present perfect progressive.
1. I (sit) ___am sitting___ in class right now . I (sit) ___have been sitting___ here since one o’clock.
2. Kate is standing at the corner . She (wait) _____________ for the bus . She (wait) ______________
for the bus for twenty minutes.
3. Scott and Rebecca (talk) _______ on the phone right now. They (talk) _______ on the phone for over
an hour.
4. Right now we’re in class . We (do) _______an exercise . We (do)_______ this exercise for a couple
of minutes.
5. A : You look busy right now . What (you, do) ______________________________________?
B : I (work) ___________________on my physics experiment . It’s a long and difficult experiment.
A : How long (you, work) ______________________________________________on it?
B : I started planning is last January . I (work)_______________________on it since then.
6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Ps. C.)

A. Function: to tell an action which is in progress when another action occurs. It also shows an action
which is in progress at a certain time and which probably continues.
B. Time signals: last______, ______ ago, just now, etc. Subject Be (was, Ving
were)
C. Example: I was reading
A: Why did you not pick up my call last night ? You were reading
B: Oh sorry. When you called me, I was sleeping. We were reading
They were reading
A: Did you garden at 6? He was reading
B: Yes, at 6 pm last Saturday I was gardening. She was reading
It was
eating
D. Pattern:
(+) S + be (was, were) + Ving : We were studying English when she came home.
(-) S + be (was, were) + not + Ving : We were not studying English when she came home.
(?) Be (was, were) + S + Ving + ? : Were we studying English now when she came home?
• Yes, we were/No, we were not
Exercise 112: Complete the sentences by using the past progressive of the given verbs. Use each verb
only once.
1. Jack's wife arranged a surprise birthday party for him. When Jack arrived home, several people
were hiding behind the couch or behind doors. All of the lights were out, and when Jack turned
them on, everyone shouted "Surprise!"
2. The birds began to sing when the sun rose at 6:30. Dan woke up at 6:45. When Dan woke up, the
birds .
3. I a video last night when my best friend called.
4. While we on the phone, the power went out.
5. The bus driver looked at all the passengers on her bus and noticed how quiet they were.
Some people newspapers or books. Most of the people quietly in their seats and
out the windows of the bus.
PROGRESS TEST
SIMPLE PAST vs. PAST CONTINUOUS
Test 1: Choose the best completions.
1. I was watching TV. I heard a knock on the door. When I heard the knock on the door, I _____ it.
a. open c. opened
b. am opening d. was opening
2. “When ________ you talk to Jane?” “Yesterday”
a. do c. are
b. did d. were
3. I __________ TV when Gina called last night. We talked for an hour.
a. watch c. was watching
b. watched d. am watching
4. Mike is in his bedroom right now. He ___________, so we need to be quiet.
a. is sleeping c. slept
b. sleeps d. was sleeping
5. Kate ___________ tell us the truth yesterday. She lied to us.
a. don’t b. doesn’t
c. didn’t d. wasn’t
6. I saw a fish while I ____________ in the ocean yesterday.
a. swim c. were swimming
b. was swimming d. swimming
7. When I heard the phone ring, I _____________ it.
a. answer c. answered
b. am answering d. was answering
8. “__________ you go to concert often?”
“Yes, I go at least once a month.”
a. Do c. Did
b. Was d. Were
9. While I _____________ dinner last night. I burned my finger.
a. cooking c. cook
b. was cooking d. was cook
10. Where ______________ after work yesterday?
a. you went c. you did go
b. did you went d. did you go
Test 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. Use the verbs in the parentheses.
1. A: What (you, do) _________________when the accident occurred?
B: I (try) _____________ to change a light bulb that had burnt out.
2. After I (find) _______ the wallet full of monney, I (go, immediately) _______ to the police
and (turn) ________ it in.
3. The doctor (say) that tom (be) _____________ too sick to go to work and that
he (need)__________ to stay at home for a couple of days.
4. Tian (arrive) ______ at susan’s house a little before 9:00 PM, but she ______ (be,not) there.
5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch,also)
_______ television. That’s all she ever does!
6. A : I (call) ___ you last night after dinner, but you (be,not) ______ there. Where were you?
7. When I (walk) into the busy office, the secretary (talk)_______one the phone with a customer,
several clerks (work, busily) ___________ at their desks, and two managers (discuss,quietly)
___________ metods to improve customer service.
8. I (watch) ________ a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I am never
going to find out how the movie ends.
9. Sharon (be) __________in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn’t hear
anything because she (listen, not)________.
10. It’s strange that you (call)___________ because I (think, just) about you.
11. The Titanic (cross) __________the Atlantic when it (strike)__________ an iceberg.
12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily) _______ and (try)______
to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt) ____________for souvenirs. Some young boys
(lead) ____________ their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple
of men (argue) _______ over the price of a leather belt. I (walk) ______ over to a man who
(sell) _________ fruit and (buy) _________a banana.
13. The fireman (rescue)_____________the old woman who (be)__________ trapped on the third
floor of the burning building.
14. She was so annoying! She (leave,always) _____________her dirty dishes in the sink.
I think she (expecct, actually) ___________me to do them for her.
15. Samantha ( live) ________ in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live) _________
there when the berlin wall came down.
Test 3: Past Progressive vs. Simple Past

Direction: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple past or the past
progressive.
Test 4: Error Analysis
Direction: Correct the errors
Test 5: Past Verbs
Direction: Complete the sentences with the simple past or the past progressive of the verbs in
parentheses.
Test 6: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE (Ps. Pf.)
Function: to indicate (1) an action that happened before another action in the past; there usually are
two actions in the sentence.
Subject Auxiliary
Bob had bought books before he entered the class. verb
1st action 2nd action I
You
John told us yesterday that he had visited England in 2010.
We had + v3
2nd action 1st action They
He
The past perfect is usually used with before, after, or when. She
It
Past perfect + before + simple past
Before + simple past, + past perfect
John had gone to the store before he went home.

Before John went home, he had gone to the store.
Simple past + after + past perfect

After + past perfect, + simple past
John went home after he had gone to the store.

After John had gone to the store, he went home.
2). A state which continued for a time in the past, but stopped before now. Note that there is no
connection with the present.
John had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to California.
PAST PERFECT VS. PRESENT PERFECT
Situation : Jack left his apartment at 2:00. THE PAST PERFECT is used when the speaker is
Ann arrived at his apartment at 2:15 and talking about two different events at two different
knocked on the door. times in the past; one event ends before the second
event happens.
(a) When Ann arrived , Jack wasn’t there .
He had left. In (a) : There are two events, and both happened in
the past: Jack left his apartment. Ann his apartment.
To show the (had left) to say that the first event (Jack
leaving his apartment) was completed before the
second event (Ann arriving at his apartment) occured.
(b) Jack had left his apartment when Ann arrived. FORM: had + past participle
(c) He’d left. I’d left. They’d left. Etc. CONTRACTION:
I/you/she/he/we/they + ‘d
PRESENT PERFECT (d) I am not hungry now . I have THE PRESENT PERFECT
already eaten. expresses an activity that occured
before now , at an unspecified time
in the past ,as in (d)
PAST PERFECT (e) I was not hungry at 1:00 THE PAST PERFECT expresses
P.M. I had already eaten. an activity that occured before
another time in the past.
In (e) : I ate at noon . I was not
hungry at 1:00 P.M. because I had
already eaten before 1:00 P.M.
COMPARE THE PRESENT PERFECT AND THE PAST PERFECT.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
(f) I was eating when Bob THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
came. expresses an activity that was in
progress at a particular time in the
past.
In (f) : I began to eat at noon. Bob
came at 12:10 . My meal was in
progress when Bob came.
PAST PERFECT THE PAST PERFECT expresses an

(g) I had eaten when Bob activity that was completed before a
came. particular time in the past.
In (g) : I finished eating at noon. Bob
came at 1:00 P.M. My meal was
completed before Bob came
Exercise 113: Complete the sentences with the present perfect or the past perfect form of the verb in
parentheses.
1. A : Oh no! We’re too late. The train (leave, already) _has already left__.
B : That’s okay. We’ll catch the next train to Athens.
2. Last Thursday, we went to the station to catch a train to Athens, but we were too late. The train
(leave, already) _had already left.
3. A : Go back to sleep. It’s only six o’clock in the morning.

B : I’m not sleepy. I (sleep, already) _______________ for eight hours. I’m going to get up.
4. I woke up at six this morning, but I couldn’t get back to sleep. I wasn’t sleepy. I (sleep, already)
_______________________ for eight hours.
5. A : I’II introduce you to Professor Newton at the meeting tonight.
B : You don’t need to . I (meet, already) _______________________________________him.
6. Jack offered to introduce me to Mr. Newton, but it wasn’t necessary. I (meet, already)____ him.
7. A : Do you want to go to the movie tonight?

B : What are you going to see?
A : Distant Dream
B : I (see, already) __________________________it. Thanks anyway.
8. I didn’t go to the movie with Fransisco last Tuesday night. I (see, already) ____________ it.
PRESENT PERFECT, PAST PROGRESSIVE, AND PAST PERFECT

Exercise 114: Complete the sentence with the correct forms of the words in parentheses. Use the
present perfect, past progressive, or past perfect.
1. When I went to bed, I turned on the radio. While I (sleep) was sleeping, somebody turned it off.
2. You’re from Jakarta? I (be, never)_____________________ there. I’d like to go there some days.
3. I started to tell Rodney the news, but he stopped me. He (hear, already)________________ it.
4. When Gina went to bed, it was snowing. It (snow, still) _____________ when she woke up in the
morning.
5. Rita called me on the phone to tell me the good news. She (pass) ______ her final exam in English.
6. I couldn’t think. The people around me (make) _____________________too much noise. Finally, I
gave up and left to try to find a quiet place to work.
7. Are you still waiting for David? (he, come, not) ______________ yet? He’s really late. Isn’t he?
8. Otto’s back to work today, but was in the hospital last week. He (be, never)_____ ________ a
patient in a hospital before. It was a new experience for him.
9. A couple of weeks ago Mr. Fox, our office manager, surprised all of us. When he walked into the
office, he (wear) ______ a T-shirt and jeans. Everyone stopped and started. Mr. Fox is a
conservative dresser. Before that time, he (wear, never) _________ anything but a blue or gray
suit. And he (wear, not)_______ his jeans to the office since that time. He wore them only that
one time.
PAST PROGRESSIVE vs. PAST PERFECT
Exercise 115: Circle the correct completion.

1. Amanda didn't need to study the multiplication tables in fifth grade. She ___________ them.
a. was learning b. had already learned
2. I enjoyed visiting Tommy’s class. It was an arithmetic class. The students ___________ their
multiplication tables.
a were learning b. had already learned
3. While I ___________ mountain, I got tired. But I didn't stop until I reached the top.
a. was walking b. had walked
4. I was very tired when I got to the top of the mountain. I ____________ long distance.
a. was walking b. had walked
5. I knocked. No one answered. I turned the handle and pulled sharply on the door, but it did not
open. Someone ___________ it.
a. was locking b. had locked
6. "Where were you when the earthquake occurred?"
"In my office. I ___________ o my assistant we were working on a report."
a. was talking b. had already talked
7. "Ahmed's house was destroyed in the earthquake."
"I know! It's lucky that he and his family ____________ for his parent's home before the
earthquake struck."
a. were leaving b. had already left
8. We drove two hundred miles to see the circus in Kansas City. When we got there, we couldn't find
the circus. It __________ .We __________ all the way to Kansas City for nothing.
a. was leaving - were driving c. was leaving - had driven
b. had left - had driven d. had left - were driving
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Ps. Pf. C.)
A. Pattern:
(+) S + had + been + Ving We had been studying English.

(-) S + had + not + been + Ving We had not been studying English.
(?) Aux (Had) + S + been + Ving + ? Had we not been studying English? Yes, we had.
No, we had not.
B. Function:
1) to show duration of an activity that is in process before another event in the past.
I had been studying for two hours before I took a walk.
2) The present perfect concept can also be conveyed by the past perfect progressive.
I had been studying for two hours before I took a walk.
or
I had studied for two hours before I took a walk.
Exercise 116: Supply the past perfect or simple past in the following sentences.
1. The policeman read the suspect his rights after he ________ (arrest) him.
2. After John _____ (wash) his clothes, he began to study.
3. George _____ (wait) for one hour before the bus came.
4. Maria _____ (enter) the university after she had graduated from high school.
5. Jane _____ (wash) the pipettes after she had completed the experiment.
6. Randy sent a letter to his university after he _____ (receive) his scholarship check.
7. After the stewardesses had served lunch to the passengers, they ____ (sit) down.
8. The car ____ (flip) ten times before it ______ (land) on its roof.
9. We ____ (correct) our papers after we _____ (take) the quiz.
10. Jonathan _____ (live) in Miami for two years when his parents _______ (come) to visit.
REVIEW AND PREVIEW: PRESENT AND PAST VERBS.
1. PRESENT PERFECT & PAST PERFECT

Present perfect 1) Something happened before now at an unspecified time.
Jim has already eaten lunch.
Jim has not already eaten lunch yet.
Have you ever eaten at that restaurant?
 An activity may be repeated two, several or more times before now,

at unspecified times in the past, as in the examples:
I have eaten that restaurant many times.
I have eaten there twice.
2) A situation began in the past and continues to the present.
I have known Bayu for ten years. I met him ten years ago. I still
know him today. We are friends.
2. SIMPLE PAST VS. PRESENT PERFECT

S. Ps I finished my work two hours ago.
Pr. Pf I have already finished my work.
S. Ps I was in Jakarta last year.
Pr. Pf I have been in Jakarta for many times.
S. Ps Ann was in Jakarta for two weeks.
Pr. Pf Ann has been in Jakarta for two weeks.
 Since + the mention of a specific point in time (an hour, a day, a month, etc.)
(meaning: expresses the idea that something began at a specific time in the past and continues
to the present).
 For + the mention of a length of time (for 2 minutes, for 5 days, etc.).
3. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VS. PRESENT PERFECT
Pr. C Describes an activity that is in progress right now. It does not discuss duration
(length of time).
Dave is sitting in class right now.
Pr. Pf. C Expresses the duration (length of time) of an activity that began in the past
and is in progress right now.
Dave is sitting at his desk in class. Dave has been sitting in class since 9 o’clock.
He sat down at 9 o’clock it is now 9.30. Dave has been sitting in class for 30 minutes.
4. PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST PERFECT

Pr. Pf Expressing an activity that occurred before now, unspecific time in the past.
I am not hungry now. I have already eaten.
Ps. Pf Expressing an activity that occurred before another time in the past.
I ate at noun. I was not hungry at 1 pm because I had already eaten before 1:00
pm.
4. PAST PROGRESSIVE VS PAST PERFECT
Ps. Cont. Expressing an activity that was in progress at a particular time in the past.
I was eating when Bob came (I began to eat at noon. Bob came at
12:10. My meal was in progress when Bob came).
Ps. Pf Expressing an activity that was completed before a particular time in the past.
I had eaten when Bob came (I finished eating at noon. Bob came at 1
pm. My meal was completed before Bob came).
9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (S. F.)
Function: to tell about future activities.
Time signals: tomorrow, next____, ____later, soon, etc. Subject Aux + V ord
I
A: Will you bring your laptop tomorrow? You
B: Yes, I will bring it tomorrow. We
will + Verb 1
A: What about your dictionary, will you bring it? They
He
B: No, I will not bring it. She
It
1. (Sue / stay / at my house)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. (Nathan / sleep / at 8 p.m.)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. (The boys / play / football / later)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME: BE GOING TO AND WILL
Be going to and will are used to

FUTURE (a) I am going to leave at nine tomorrow express future time.
morning. (a) and (b) have the same meaning.
(b) I will leave at nine tomorrow morning. (a) dan (b) have the same meaning.
(c) Marie is going to be at the meeting today. Will and be going to often give
(d) Marie will be at the meeting today. the same meaning, but sometimes
they express different meanings.
(e) I shall leave at nine tomorrow morning. The use of shall (with I or we) to express future time is
(f) We shall leave at nine tomorrow morning. possible but infrequent.
*Today, tonight, and this + morning, afternoon, evening, week , etc , can express present, past, or future time.
PRESENT : Sam is in his office this morning.

PAST : Ann was in her office this morning, but now she’s at a meeting.
FUTURE : Bob is going to be in his office this morning after his dentist appointment.
1. FORMS WITH BE GOING TO
(a) We are going to be late. Be going to is followed by the simple form of the
(b) She’s going to come tomorrow. verb, as in (a) and (b)
INCORRECT : She’s going to comes tomorrow.
(c) Am I
QUESTION: be + subject + going to
Is he , she , it going to be late?
Are they , we , you
(d) I am not
NEGATIVE: be + not + going to
He, she , it is not going to be late.
They , we , you are not
Be going to is more common in speaking and in
informal writing than in formal writing. In informal
(e) “Hurry up! We’re gonna be late!” speaking . It is sometimes pronounced “gonna”
/gәnә/ .
“Gonna” is not usually a written form .
Exercise 118: Be Going To

Direction: Complete the sentences with be going to and the words in parantheses.
1. A : What (you , do) ___________________________________ this afternoon?
B : I (work) ____________________________________ or my report.
2. A : Where (Alex , be) _____________________________ later tonight ?

B : He (be) __________________________________ at Kira’s house.
3. A : (you , finish) ______________________________________ this exercise soon?

B : Yes , I (finish) ________________________________________ it in less than a minute.
4. A : When (you , call ) _______________________________________ you sister ?

B : I (call,not) _____________________ her. I (send) ____________ her an e-mail.
5. A : What (Dr. Price , talk) ______________________________ about in her speech tonight.

B : She (discuss) ________________________________________the economy of Southeast Asia.
Exercise 119: Review of verb forms: past, present, and future

Direction: Complete the dialogue with your own words. The dialogues reviews the forms
(statement,negative,question,short answer) of the simple present, simple past and be going to.
A : I hitchhiked to school yesterday.

B : Oh? That’s interesting . Do you hitchhiked to school every day?
A : Yes, I do. I hitchhiked to school every day.
B : Do you also hitchhiked home every day?
A : No, I don’t. Etc.
1. A : I _____________________________________ yesterday.
2. B : Oh ? That’s interesting. _____________ you _______ every day?
3. A : Yes, I ____________. I ____________________________ every day?
4. B : ____________ you also _________________ every day?
5. A : No, I ______________. I _______________ every day?
6. B : _____________ you _________________________ yesterday?
7. A : Yes , I ___________. I _____________________________ yesterday.
8. B : _____________ you also __________________________ yesterday?
9. A : No , I _____________. I ___________________________ yesterday.
10. B : _____________ you _____________________________tomorrow?
11. A : Yes , I ____________. I ________________________tomorrow.
12. B : _______________you also ______________________tomorrow?
13. A : No , I _____________. I __________________________ tomorrow.
2. FORMS WITH WILL
I – You – She – He – It – We –They will come tomorrow.
NEGATIVE I – You – She – He – It – We –They will not (won’t) come.
QUESTION Will I – you – she – he – it – we –they come tomorrow?
Yes, will.*
SHORT
I – you – she – he – it – we –they
ANSWER
No, won’t .
I’II she’ll we’ll Will is usually contracted with
you’ll he’ll they’ll pronouns in both speech and informal

CONTRACTIONS
it’ll writing.
Bob + will = “Bob’ll” Will is often contracted with nouns in
the teacher + will = “the teacher’ll” speech, but usually not in writing.
3. SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE
In (a): The speaker uses will or be going

100% (a) I will be in class tomorrow. OR to because he feels sure about his future
sure I am going to be in class tomorrow. activity. He is stating a fact about the
future.
In (b): The speaker uses probably to say
that he expects. Po to be in class
(b) Po will probably be in class tomorrow. OR tomorrow, but he is not 100% sure. He’s
Po is probably going to be in class tomorrow. completely sure.
90% (c) Anna probably won’t be in class tomorrow. OR Word ordee with probably:
sure Anna probably isn’t going to be in class tomorrow. (1) in a statement , as in (b):
helping verb + probably
(2) with a negative verb, as in (c):
probably + helping verb.
(d) Ali may come to class tomorrow, or May expresses a future possibility:
Ali may not come to class tomorrow. maybe something will happen, and
I don’t know what he’s going to do. maybe it won’t happen.** In (d): The
speaker is saying that maybe Ali will
come to class, or maybe he won’t come
50% (e) Maybe Ali will come to class, and maybe he won’t. to class. The speaker is guessing.
sure OR
Maybe Ali is going to come to class, and maybe he Maybe + will be going to gives the same
isn’t. meaning as may. (d) and (e) have the
same meaning.
Maybe comes at the beginning of a
sentence.
Exercise 120: Sureness About The Future

Direction: Discuss how sure the speaker is in each sentence .
1. The bank will be open tomorrow .
The speaker is very sure .
2. I’m going to go to the bank tomorrow.
3. I’ll probably go to the post office too.
4. I may stop at the market on my way home
5. Ms. White will probably be in the office around nine tomorrow morning.
6. Mr. Wu will be in the office at seven tomorrow morning.
7. Mr. Alvarez willmay be in the office early tomorrow morning.
8. The sun will rise tomorrow.
9. I’m going to go to the art museum this Saturday , and I may go to the natural history.
10. Abdul is probably going to come with me.
Exercise 121: Sureness about The Future : Using Probably
Direction: For each situation, predict what will probably happen and what probably won’t happen.
Include probably in your prediction. Use either will or be going to.
1. Antonio is late to class almost every day.

(be on time tomorrow ? be late again?)
Antonio probably won’t be on time tomorrow. He ‘ll probably be late again.
2. Rosa has a terrible cold . She feels miserable.

(go to work tomorrow? Stay home and rest ?)
3. Sam didn’t sleep at all last night.

(go to bed early tonight ? stay up all night again tonight?)
4. Ms. Bok needs to travel to a nearby city. She hates to fly.

( take a plane? Travel by bus or train)
5. Mr. Chu is out of town on business. He needs to contact his assistant right away.
(call her on the phone or e-mail her? Wait until she calls him?)
6. Gina loves to run, but right now she has sore knees and a sore ankle .
(run in the marathon race this week ? skip the race?)
4. BE GOING TO vs. WILL.
(a) She is going to succeed because she

works hard. Be going to and will mean the same when they are used to
(b) She will succeed because she works hard. make predictions about the future.
(a) and (b) have the same meaning.
Be going to (but not will) is used to express a prior plan
(c) I bought some woods because I am (i.e, a plan made before the moment of speaking). In (c) :
going to build a bookcase for my The speaker plans to build a bookcase.
apartement.
Will (but not be going to) is used to express a decision the
(d) This chair is too heavy for you to carry speaker makes at the moment of speaking. In (d) : The
alone. speaker decides to help at the immediate present moment;
I’ll help you. he did not have a prior plan or intention to help.
Exercise 122: Be Going To vs. Will

Direction: Complete the sentences with be going to or will.
1. A : Why did you buy this flour?
B : I ____________________ make some bread.
2. A : Could someone get me a glass of water?

B : Certainly. I ______________ get you one. Would you like some ice in it?
3. A : Are you going to go to the post office soon ?
B : Yes. Why ?
A : I need to send this letter today.
B : I ________________ mail it for you.
4. A : Why are you carrying that box?

B : I __________________ mail it to my sister. I’m on my way to the post office.
5. A : Could someone please open the window?

B : I ____________________ do it.
A : Thanks.
6. A : What are your vacation plans?

B : We ________________ spend two weeks on a Greek island.
7. A : I have a note for Joe from Rachel. I don’t know what to do with it.
B : Let me have it. I _______________ give it to him. He’s in my algebra class.
A : Thanks. But you have to promise not read it.
8. A : Did you know that Sara and I are moving ? We found a great apartement pn 45th Street.
B : That’s terrific. I ____________ help you on moving day if you like.
A : Hey , great! We’d really appreciate that.
9. A : Do you have a car?

B : Yes, but I ____________________ sell it. I don’t need it now that I live in the city.
10. A : Do you want to talk to the meeting together?

B : Okay, I ___________________ meet you by the elevator. Okay?
A : Okay, I ___________________ wait for you there.
5. EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES AND IF-CLAUSES
In (a) and (b); before I go to class tomorrow is a future time clauses.

Time Clauses
before
(a) Before I go to class tomorrow, I’m going to eat breakfast. after
when
a future time clauses as soon as + subject and verb = a time clauses
until
(b) I’m going to eat braekfast before I go to class tomorrow. while
(c) Before I go home tonight , I’m going to stop at the market. The simple present is used in a future time clause .
(d) I’m going to eat dinner at 6:00 tonight. Will and be going to are NOT used in a future time clause.
After I eat dinner, I’m going to study in my room. INCORRECT: Before I will go to class, I’m going to eat breakfast.
(e) I’ll give Rica your message when I see her. INCORRECT: Before I am going to go to class tomorrow, I’m going
(f) It’s raining right now. As soon as the rain stops, I’m going to to eat breakfast.
walk downtown. All of the examples sentences, (c) through (h), contain future time
(g) I’ll stay home until the rain stops. clauses.
(h) While you’re at school tomorrow , I’ll be at work.
In (i): If it rains tomorrow is an if-clause.
(i) Maybe it will rain tomorrow. If it rains tomorrow, I’m going to if + subject an verb = an if-clause
stay home. When the meaning is future, the simple present (not will or be going
to) is used in an if-clause.
Exercise 123: Future Time Clauses and If-Clause
Direction : Underline the time clauses and correct any errors in verb use.
1. Before I’m going to return to my country next year, I’m going to finish my graduate
degree in computer science.
2. the boss will review your work after she will return from vacation next week.
3. I’ll give you a call on my cell phone as soon as my plane will land.
4. I don’t especially like my current job, but I’m going to stay with this company until I
will find something better.
5. I need to know what time the meeting stats . Please be sure to call me as soon as you will
find out anything about it.
6. When you will be in Australia next month , are you going to go snorkeling at the Great
Barrier Reef?
7. If it won’t he cold tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach. If it will be cold tomorrow, we’ll go
to a movie.
Exercise 124: Review of Time Clauses and If-Clauses

Direction: Complete the sentences by using a form of the words in parantheses . Read
carefully for time expressions.
1. a. Before Tom (go) ___________ to bed , he always (brush) ___________ his teeth.
b. Before Tom (go) _____ to bed later tonight, he (e- mail)_________his girlfriend.
c. Before Tom (go) _______ to bed last night, he (take) ____________ a shower.
d. While Tom (take) ________ a shower last night , the phone (ring) ____________.
e. As soon as the phone (ring)____ last night , Tom (jump) ___ out of the shower to
answer it.
f. As soon as Tom (get) _______ up tomorrow morning , he (brush) _______ his teeth.
g. Tom always (brush) ___________ his teeth as soon as he (get) __________ up.
2. a. After I (get) ___ home from work every afternoon, I usually (drink) ___ a cup of tea.
b. After I (get) _____ home from work tomorrow afternoon, I (drink) ____ a cup of tea.
c. I (have, not) ________ any tea until I (get) ________ home from work tomorrow.
d. After I (get) _______ home from work yesterday, I (drink) __________a cup of tea.
e. While I (drink) ____ a cup of tea yesterday afternoon, my neighbour (come) ______
over, so I (offer) __________ her a cup of tea too.
f. My neighbour (drop,probably) ______over again tomorrow. If she (come) ______, I
(make) ________a cup of tea for her.
6. USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TO EXPRESS FUTURE TIME
The present progressive can be used to express

(a) Tom is going to come to the party future time. Each pair of example sentences has
tomorrow. the same meaning.
(b) Tom is coming to the party tomorrow. The present progressive decribes definite plans
(c) We’re going to go to a movie tonight. for the future, plans that were made before the
(d) We’re going to a movie tonight. moment of speaking.
(e) I’m going to stay home this evening.
(f) I’m staying home this evening. A future meaning for the present progressive is
(g) Ann is going to fly to Chicago next week. indicated either by future time words (e.g.,
(h) Ann is flying to Chicago next week. tomorrow) or by the situation*
(i) You’re going to laugh when you hear this The present progresssive is NOT used for
joke. predictions about the future . In (i) : The speaker
(j) INCORRECT: You’re laughing when you is predicting a future event . In (j) : The present
hear this joke progressive is not possible; laughing is a
prediction, not a planned future event.
Exercise 121: Using The Present Progressive To Express Future Time

Direction: Complete the dialogues with any of the following verbs that make sense. Use the
present progressive if possible. Discuss whether the present progressive expresses present or
future time.
cut go spend do leave stay
drive meet take fly
1. A : What ____are________ you _______doing__________ tomorrow afternoon?

B : I ________am going______________________ to the mall.
A : Why?
B : I ________am going_____________ shopping for some new clothes. How about you?
What _______________ you ___________________ tomorrow afternoon ?
A : I _______ to a movie with Tom . After the movie, we ______ out to dinner. Would you
like to meet us for dinner?
B : No, thanks . I can’t. I _____ Heidi at 6:30 at the new seafood restaurant on Fifth Street.
2. A : What courses ______________ you ________________ this year?

B : I _______________________ English, biology, math, psychology.
A : What courses _______________ you ______________________ next year?
B : I __________________________ English literature, chemistry, calculus, and history.
A : That should keep you busy!
3. A : I _________________________________ on vacation tomorrow.

B : Where _______________ you _____________?
A : To San Fransisco.
B : How are getting there ? __________ you _________ or _________ you car.
A : I ___________________. I have to bet at the airport by seven tomorrow morning.
B : Do you need a ride to the airport?
A : No, thanks. I ____________ a taxi. Are you planning to go somewhere over vacation?
B : No, I ______________________ here.
4. A : Stop! Annie! What _____________ you ______________?
B : I ____________________________ my hair, Mom.
A : Oh dear!
5. A : You haven’t seen my passport, have you?

B : No, Why?
A : I need it because I __________________________ for Taipei next Monday.
B : Oh? How long will you be there ?
A : A week. I _________ the first few days with my brother, who _______ to school dare.
After that I __________ some old friends. I went to school with in Australian several years
ago. They’ve invited me to be their house guest.
B : Sounds like a great trip . Hope you find your passport .
7. USING THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS FUTURE TIME
The simple present can express future time

(a) My plane arrives at 7:35 tomorrow when events are on a definite schedule or
evening. timetable. Only a few verbs are used in the
(b) Tom’s new job starts next week. simple present to express future time. The
(c) The semester ends in two more weeks. most common are arrive, leave, start, begin,
(d) There is a meeting at ten tomorrow end, finish, open, close, be.
morning.
(e) INCORRECT: I wear my new suit to the Most verbs cannot be used in the simple
wedding next week. present to express future time. For example, in
CORRECT: I am wearing/ I am going to (e) : The verb wear does not express an event
wear my new suit to the wedding next on a schedule or timetable. It cannot be used in
week. the simple present to express future time.
Exercise 122: Using Present Verb Forms to Express Future Time

Direction: Circle the correct possible completions and cross out those that are incorrect .
1. The concert _________ at eight tonight.
a. begins b. is beginning / is going to begin
2. I ________ seafood pasta for dinner tonight.
a. make b. am making / am going to make.
3. I ________ to school tomorrow morning . I need the exercise .
a. walk b. am walking / am going to walk.
4. The bus _________ at 8:15 tomorrow morning.
a. leaves b. is leaving / is going to leave
5. I _________ the championship game on TV at Jim’s house tomorrow.
a. watch b. am watching / is going to watch
6. The game __________ at one tomorrow afternoon.
a. starts b. is starting / is going to start
7. Alex’s plane __________ at 10:14 tomorrow morning.
a. arrives b. is arriving / is going to arrive
8. I can’t pick him up tomorrow, so he _________ the airport bus into the city.
a. takes b. is taking / is going to take
8. IMMEDIATE FUTURE: USING BE ABOUT TO
(a) Ann’s bags are packed, and she is The idiom “be about to do something “ expresses an
wearing her coat. She is about to activity that will happen in the immediate future,
leave for the airport. usually within minutes or seconds . In (a): Ann is
(b) Shhh. The movie is about to begin. going to leave sometime in the next few minutes.
Exercise 123: Parallel Verbs

Direction: Correct the errors.
1. Fifteen years from now, my wife and I will retire and traveling all over the world.
2. I opened the door and invite my friend to come in.
3. If I feel tense, I close my eyes and thinking about nothing at all.
4. Pete is in the other room. He’s listening to music and turning on the fan.
5. It’s hot here. I’m going to open the window and turning on the fan.
Exercise 124: Parallel Verbs

Direction: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in parentheses.
1. When I (walk) _______ into the living room yesterday, Grandpa (read) ______ a
newspaper and (smoke) _______ his pipe.
2. Helen will graduate soon. She (move) _______to New York and (look) _______ for a
job after she (graduate) __________.
3. Every day my neighbor (call) ____ me on the phone and (complain) _____ about the
weather.
4. Look at Erin! She (cry) _____and (laugh) _____at the same time. I wonder if she is
happy or sad?
5. I’m beat! I can’t wait to get home. After I (get) _______ home, I (take) ________ a hot
shower and (go) _______ to bed.
6. Yesterday my dog (dig) ________ a hole in the back yard and (bury) ________ a bone.
7. I’m tired of this cold weather. As soon as spring (come) ________, I (play) ________
tennis and (jog) _________ in the park as often as possible.
8. While Paul (carry) ______ brushes and paint and (climb) _____ a ladder, a bird (fly)
______ down and (sit) ____ on his head. Paul (drop) _____ the paint and (spill) ____ it
all over the ground.
9. When I first (arrive) _______ in this city and (start) ______ going to school here, I knew
no one. I was lonely and felt that I didn’t have a friend in the world. One day while I
(watch) _____ TV alone in my room and (feel) ______ sorry for myself, a woman I had
met in one of my classes (knock) ______ on my door and (ask) _____ me if I wanted to
accompany her to the student center. That was the beginning of my friendship with Lisa
King. Now we (see) ______ each other every day and usually (spend) _______ time
talking on the phone, too. Later this week we (borrow) ______ her brother’s car and
(go) _____ to visit her aunt in the country. Next week we (take) ______ a bus to Fall
City and (go) _____ to a football game. I’m really enjoying our friendship.
COMPLETE TEST OF TENSES
1. Verb Tenses (Present, Past, Future, Perfect Time)

Direction: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.
1. A: (you, have) ____________ any plans for vacation?

B: Yes, I do. I (plan) _______ to go to Toronto.
A: (you, be, ever) __________ there before?
B: Yes, I have. I (be) _________ in Toronto two months ago. My brother
(live)_________ there, so I (go) ___________ there often.
2. A: Where’s Jessica?
B: She (study) _____________ at the library.
A: When (she, get) _____________ back home?
B: In an hour or so. Probably around five o’clock.
A: How long (she, study) _____________ at the library?
B: Since two 0’clock this afternoon.
A: (she, study) __________________ at the library every day?
B: Not every day, but often.
3. A: Shhh. Irene (talk) _______________ on the phone long distance.

B: Who (she, talk) _______________ to?
A: That’s too bad. I hope it’s nothing serious.
4. A: (you, know) ______________ Abdullah’s new address?

B: Not off the top of my head. But I (have) _______ it at home in my computer. When I
(get) ______ home this evening, I (call) _____ and (give) ______ you his address.
A: Thanks. O you could e-mail it on me.
B: okay. I (do) _____________________________ that.
5. A: Where’s Juan? He (be) _______ absent from class for the last there days. (anyone,
see) _________ him lately?
B: I have. I (see) _________ him in yesterday. He has a bad cold, so he (be) _________
home in bed since the weekend. He (be, probably) __________ back in class tomorrow.
6. A: How long (you, wear) ___________ glasses?
B: Since, I (be) _________________________ ten years old.
A: (you, be) _______________________________ nearsighted or farsighted?
B: Nearsighted.
7. A: Let’s go to a restaurant tonight.

B: Okay, Where should we go?
A: (you, like) ________________ Thai food?
B: I don’t know. I (eat, never) ____________________ any. What’s it like?
A: It’s delicious, but it can be pretty hot!
B: That’s okay. I (love) _________________ really hot food.
A: There (be) _______ a Thai restaurant downtown. I (go) _____ there a couple of times.
The food is excellent.
B: Sounds good. I (be, never) ___________ to a Thai restaurant, so it (be) ____ a new
experience for me. After we (get) _________ there, can you explain the menu to me?
A: Sure. And if I can’t, our waiter or waitress can.
8. A: (you, smoke) ________________________ ?

B: Yes, I do.
A: How long (you, smoke) ______________________?
B: Well, let me see. I (smoke) _____ since I (be) _____ seventeen. So I (smoke)
_______ for almost four years.
A: Why (you, start) ____________________________ ?
B: Because I (be) ____________________________ a dumb, stupid kid.
A: (you, want) _________________________ to quit?
B: Yes. I (plan) _______ to quit very soon. In fact, I (decide) ______ to quit on my next
birthday. My twenty-first birthday is two weeks from now. On that day, I (intend)
________ to smoke my last cigarette.
A: That’s terrific! You (feel) ________ much better after you (stop) ________ smoking.
B: (you, smoke, ever) _______________________________ ?
A: No, I haven’t. I (smoke, never) __________ a cigarette in my life. When I (be) _____
ten years old, I (smoke) ________ one of my uncle’s cigar. My sister and I (steal)
_______ a couple of his cigar and (go) _______ sick. I (have, not) _____ anything to
smoke since then.
B: That’s smart.
2. Verb Tenses (Present, Past, Future, Perfect Time)
Direction: Complete the sentences with the verbs parentheses. Give short answer to questions
where necessary.
1. A: (you, have)___________________ a bicycle?
B: Yes, I ______________. I (ride) _______________ it to work every day.
2. A: (you, walk) ________________ to work yesterday?

B: No, I _____________. I (ride) __________________ my bicycle.
3. A: Where (you, study, usually) _____________________________________?

B: In my room.
A: I (you, go) _____________________ to the library to study sometimes?
B: No, I (like, not) ____________________ to study at the library.
4. A: (you, be) ___________________ in class tomorrow?

B: Yes, I _________. But I (be, not) _____________ in class the day after tomorrow.
5. A: (whales, breathe) _________________________________ air?

B: Yes, they __________________.
A: (a while, have) ______________________________ lungs?
B: Yes, it _____________________.
A: (a while, be) ______________________ a fish?
B: No, it _________________. It (be) ______________________ a mammal.
6. A: (Yuko, call) ____________________________ you last night?

B: Yes, she ______________. We (talk) ________________ for a few minutes.
A: (she, tell) ___________________________ you about her brother, Tom?
B: No, she _____________. She (say, not) ___________ anything about him. Why?
A: Tom (be) _________________ in an accident.
B: That’s too bad. What happened?
A: A dog (run) _____ in front of his bicycle. He (want, not) _________ to hit the dog.
When he (try) _______ to avoid the dog, his bike (run) ________ into the path of a
truck. The truck hit Tom. It was an unfortunate accident.
B: (he, be) ________________________ in the hospital now?
A: No, he ____________________. He (be) ___________________ at home.
3: Read the conversation between Ann and Ben. Complete the sentences with the words
in parentheses. (4 tenses: S. Pr., Pr. C, S. F., S. Ps., Pr. Pf, & Pr. Pf. C.)
Ben : I (need) _______ to find a job. Where (be) ____ a good place for a student to
work?
Ann : (you, work, ever) ___________ at a restaurant?
Ben : Yes. I (work) ___ at several restaurants. I (have) ____ a job as a dishwasher last
fall.
Ann : Where?
Ben : At The Bistro, a little cafe on First Street.
Ann : How long (you, work) _______________ there?
Ben : For two months.
Ann : I (work) ____ in a lot of restaurants, but I (have, never) _____ a dishwashing job.
How (you, like) ___________ your job as a dishwasher?
Ben : I (like, not) __________ it very much. It (be) _____ hard work for low pay.
Ann : Where (you, work) ___________ at present?
Ben : I (have, not) ______ a job right now. I (have, not) ______ a job since I (quit)
______ the dishwashing one.
Ann : (you, look) ____________ for a part-time job or a full-time job?
Ben : A part-time job, maybe twenty hours a week.
Ann : I (go) ____ to AI's Place tomorrow to see about a job. The restaurant (look)
______ for help. Why don't you come along with me?
Ben : Thanks. I think I (do) _______ that. I (look, never) ________ for a job at AI's
Place before. Maybe the pay (be) ________ better than at The Bistro.
Ann : I (know, not) ______. We (find) ______ out when we (go) ____ there tomorrow.
4: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.

PART I.
Yesterday fish (be)_____ in the river. He (see) ____ bear on the bank of the river. Here is their
conversation.
Bear : Good morning, Fish.

Fish : Good morning, Bear. How (you, be) ________ today?
Bear : I (do) ________ fine, thank you. And you?
Fish : Fine thanks.
Bear : (you, would like) _____ to get out of the river and (sit) _____ with me? I (need)
________ someone to talk to.
Fish : I (need, not) ____ to get out of the river for us to talk. We can talk just the way we are now.
Bear : Hmmm.
Fish : Wait! What (you, do) ______________?
Bear : I (get) _________ in the river to join you.
Fish : Stop! This (be) ____ my river! I (trust, not) ____ you. What (you, want) __________?
Bear : Nothing. Just a little conversation. I (want) _________ to tell you about my
problems. I (have) _________ a bad day yesterday.
Fish : Oh? What happened?
PART II
Bear : While I was walking through the woods, I (see) ______ a beehive. I (love) _______
honey. So I (stop) ______________. When I (reach) __________ inside the beehive
to get some honey, a great big bee (come) _____________ up behind me and stung*
my ear. The sting (be)_______________ very painful.
*stung is the past form of the verb sting, which means “to cause sharp pain.”
Fish : I (believe ,not)_______ you. Bees can’t hurt bears. I (believe, not) _______ your
story about a great big bee. All bees (be) ______ the same size, and they (be, not) _____ big.
Bear : But it is true! Here. Come a little closer and look at my ear. I’ll show you where the
big bee stung it.
Fish : Okay. Where (it, be) __________ ? Where (the bee, sting)_____________ you?
Bear : Right here. See?
Fish : Stop! What (you, do) _________? Let go of me! Why (you, hold) _________ me?
Bear : I (hold) __________ you because I’m going to eat you for dinner.
Fish : Oh no! You (trick) _____ me! Your story about the great big bee never (happen) ____!
PART III
Bear : That’s right. I (get) _______ in the river because I (want)_________ (catch)
________ you for dinner. And I did! I (catch) ________ you for dinner.
Fish : Watch out! Behind you! Oh no! Oh no! it’s very, very big bee. It’s hugs! It (look)
________ really angry!
Bear : I (believe, not) ___________________ you!
Fish : But it (be) ______________ true! A great big bee (come) ________ towards you.
It’s going to attack you and sting you!
Bear : What? Where? I (see, not) ____________ a bee! Oh no, Fish, you are getting away
from me. Oh no! I (drop) ___________ you! Come back! Come back!
Fish : Ha! I (fool) ______ you too bear. Now you must find your dinner in another place.
Bear : Yes, you (trick) _________ me too. We (teach)________ each other a good lesson
today. Don’t believe everything you hear.
Fish : Thank you for teaching me that lesson. Now I will live a long and happy life.
Bear : Yes, we (learn) ___________ a valuable lesson today, and that’s good. But I (be)
_______ still hungry. Hmmm. I (have)_________ a gold tooth in my mouth. (you, would
like___________ to come closer and look at it?
5: Complete the sentence with the correct forms of the word in parenthese.
1. I usually (ride) _______ my bicycle to work in the morning, but it (rain) ___________
when I left my house early this morning. So I (take)________ the bus. After I (arrive)
___________ at work, I (discover) __________ that I had left my briefcase at home.
2. A: Are you going to take the kids to the amusement park tomorrow morning?
B: Yes. It (open) ________ at 10: 00. If we (leave) _________ here at 9:30, we’ll get
there at 9:45. The kids can be the first ones in the park.
3. A: Ouch!!!
B: What happened?
A: I (cut) _________________ my finger.
B: It (bleed) _______________.
A: I know!
B: Put the pressure on it. I (get) __________________ some antibiotic and a bandage.
A: Thanks.
4. A: I (go) ________________ to a lecture on a Shakespeare tomorrow evening

B: Nah. Brian and I (go) _____________ to a movie – Godzilla Eats the Earth.
5. A: Your phone (rings) _______________________________.

B: I (know) ______________________.
A: (you, answer) ______________________________ it?
B: No.
A: (you, want, not) _____________________ I to answer your phone?
B: I (expect) ____________ another call from the bill collector. I have a bunch of bills I
haven’t paid. I (want, not) _____________ to talk to her
A: Oh.
6. A: What (you, wear) _______________ to Eric’s wedding tomorrow?

B: My Blue dress, I guess. How about you?
A: I (plan) _________ to wear my new outfit. I (buy) ________ it just a few day ago. It
(be) _______ a yellow suit with a blouse. Just a minute. I (show) _______ it to you.
Wait right here. I (get) _______ it from my closet and (bring) _______ it out.
7. A: Look! There (be) ______a police car behind us. Its light (flash) ________it.
B: I (know) _________! I (know) ________ I (see) _____________ it
A: what (go)________________on? (You, speed) ______________________ ?
B: No, I’m not. I (drive) __________ the speed limit.
A: Ah look the police car (pass) ___________ us.
B: Whew!!!
8. A: (the, sun, keep)) __________ burning forever, or (it

burn eventually __________ itself out?
B: It (burn, eventually) ____________ itself out, but
that (happen, not) ___________ for billions of years.
9. Sometime in the next twenty five years, a spaceship
with a human crew (land) ________ on mars. I (think) _________ they (find) ________
evidence of some kinds of life forms there, but (expect, not) _________ them to
encounter sentient beings. Someday, however, I (believe) _______ that human (make)
_________ contact with other intelligent universe.
6. Error Analysis
Direction: Correct the error.
1. I used to kicked my sister’s legs.
kick
2. We had a test last week, and I past it.
3. I used to get up at noon, but now I have to be at work by eight.
4. I learn the English in my school in Hong Kong before I come here.
5. I like to travel. I gonna go to new and interesting places all my life.
6. Now I study at this school and I living with my cousin. I am always meet my friends in
cafeteria and we talking about classes.
7. When I wake up in the morning. I am running on the radio. Before get up.
8. I am live with an American family. They are having four childrens.
9. When I was at the outdoor market, I pointed at the chicken I wanted to buy the man taking
it from a wooden cage and kill it without mercy.
10. Every day I wake up when the bird begin to sing. If the weather not to be cloudy, I am
seeing a beautiful sunrise from my bed.
11. My husband and children they are going to join me after I will finish my English course.
7. Error Analysis
Direction: Rewrite the paragraphs. Correct any errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. If
you wish, change the wording to improve the expression of the ideas.
1. I want to tell you about Oscar. He my cousin. He comes here four years ago. Before he
came here, he study statistic in Chile. When he leaves Chile to come here. He came with
four friends. They were studying English on Ohio. Then he went to New York stayed there
for three years. He graduated from New York University. Now he study at this school.
After he finish his Master’s degree, he return to Chile.
2. Long ago in a faraway place, a lonely man move into a new neighborhood. His first project
is his new garden. He begun to work on it right away. He wanting to make a perfect garden.
One day some friendly neighbors and their children visitted the man in his garden and
helped him with the work. They planting flowers and build a small bridge across a little
stream. All of them were very happy during they were building the bridge and work on the
garden. The man was especially happy because he’s no longer lonely. While the adult
working, some of their children plained with a ball in the garden while they were play, one
of them step on a flower. Suddenly the man was getting very angry and tell everyone to
leave. All the neighbors leaved his and go back to their own homes. After that, the man
builed a wall around his garden and lock the gate. For the rest oh his life, the man sat alone
in his garden every evening and crying.
8. Circle the correct completion.

1. I _________ my glasses three times so far this year. One time I dropped them on a
cement floor. Another time I sat on them. And this time I stepped on then
a. broke b. was breaking
c. have broken d. have been breaking
2. Kate reached to the floor and picked up her glasses. They were broken. She ___ on them.
a. stepped b. had stepped
c. was stepping d. has stepped
3. Sarah gets angry easily. She ________ a bad temper ever since she was a child.
a. has b. will have
c. had d. has had
4. Now whenever Sarah starts to lose her temper, she _____ a deep breath and ____ to ten.
a. takes ... counts b. has taken ... counted
c. took ... counted d. is taking ... counting
5. Nicky, please don't interrupt me. I __________ to Grandma on the phone. Go play with
your trucks so we can finish our conversation.
a. talk b. have talked
c. am talking d. have been talking
6. We __________ at a hotel in Miami when the hurricane hit southern Florida last month.
As soon as the hurricane moved out of the area, we left and went back home.
a. had stayed b. stay
c. were staying d. stayed
7. Now listen carefully. When Aunt Martha ___________ tomorrow, give her a big hug.
a. arrives b. will arrive
c. arrived d. is going to arrive
present perfect
8. My cousin __________ with me in my apartment for the last two weeks. I'm ready for
karena ada time signal
him to leave, but he seems to want to stay forever. Maybe I should ask him to leave.
a. is staying b. stayed
c. was staying d. has been staying
9. Mrs. Larsen discovered a bird in her apartment. It was in her living room. It __________
into her apartment through an open window past perfect
a. was flying b. had flown
c. has flown d. was flown
10. The phone rang, so I __________ it up and __________ hello.
a. picked . .. had said b. was picking.. .said
c. picked... said d. was picking...had said
11. My mother began to drive cars when she was fourteen. Now she is eighty-nine, and still
drives. She __________ cars for seventy-five years.
a. was driving b. drives
c. drove d. has been driving
12. In every culture, people __________ jewelry since prehistoric times.
a. wear b. wore
c. have worn d. had worn
13. It __________ when I left the house this morning, so I opened my umbrella
a. rained b. had rained
c. is raining d. was raining
14. Australian koala bears are interesting animals. They ________ practically their entire
lives in trees without ever coming down to the ground.
a. are spending b. have been spending
c. have spent d. spend
15. The teacher is late today, so class hasn't begun yet. After she ____ here, class will begin.
a will get b. is going to get
c. gets d. is getting
16. It's raining hard. It __________ an hour ago and ___________ yet.
a. had started - doesn't stop b. started - hasn't stopped
c. has started - didn't stop d. was starting - isn't stopping
17. Alex's bags are almost ready for his trip. He __________ for Syria later this afternoon.
We'll say good-bye to him before he __________.
a. left - went b. leaves - will go
c. is leaving - goes d. has left - will go
18. I heard a slight noise, so I walked to the front door to investigate. I looked down at the
floor and saw a piece of paper. Someone _______ a note under the door to my apartment.
a. had pushed b. is pushing
c. has pushed d. pushed
19. I walked slowly through the market. People ___________ all kinds of fruits and
vegetables. I studied the prices carefully before I decided what to buy
a. have sold b. sell
c. had sold d. were selling
20. I really like my car. I ___________ it for six years. It runs beautifully.
a. have b. have had
c. had d. have been having
9. Complete the story. Use the verb forms of tenses in the parenthesis.
What is your most (embarrass) ___ ___ experince? Let me tell you what happened to
1
my Uncle Ernesto when he (go) ___ __ to Norway for a business meeting last year.
2
First, I must tell you about my uncle. He (be) __ _ a businessman from Buenos Aires,
3
Argentina. He (manufacture) __ __ a new kind of computer compass for ships. Computer
4
compasses (make) __ __ by many companies in the world, so my uncle (have) __ __ a lot of
5 6
competition for his product. In order to sell his product, he (need) __ __ (meet) __ __ with
7 8
companies that might want to buy it. He (travel) __ __ frequently to other countries.
9
Last year, he (go) ____ ____ to Norway (meet) _____ _____ with a shipping
10 11
company. It was his first trip to Scandinavia. My Uncle Ernesto (spech) _____ _____
12
Spainsh, of course, and also (know) ___ __ a little English, but he (know, not) ___ ___ any
13 14
Norwegian. While he (stay) ____ ____ in Norway, he (have) ____ ____ a problem.
15 16
Uncle Ernesto (stay) ___ __ at small hotel in Oslo. One morning, while he (get)
17
___ __ ready to take a shower, he (hear) ___ __ a knock at the door. He (walk) ___ ___ to
18 19 20
the door, (open) ____ ____ it, and (find) ___ ____ no one. He (take) __ __ a step out of his
21 22 23
room and (look) ___ ___ down the hall. He (see) ____ ____ no one. So he (turn) ___ ____
24 25 26
(go) ___ ____ back into his room, but the door (close) ___ ___ ! It (lock) ___29_____ , and
27 28
he (have, not) ____ ____ _____ ___ properly. In fact, he (wear) ____ ___ nothing but a
30 31 32
towel. Poor Uncle Ernesto! “ What (I, do) ___ ____ ?”, he asked himself.
33
Instead of (stand) ___ ___ in the hallway with only a towel, he (decide) __ ___
34 35
(get) __ ___ help. So he (start) __ __ (walk) ___ __ down the hall toward the elevator. He
36 37 38
thought about (knock) __ ___ on someone else’s door (ask) ___ ___ for help, but decided it
39 40
was better (ask) ___ ___ the hotel personnel. He hoped the elevator wpuld be empty.
41
When he (reach) ___ __ the elevator, he (push) __ ___ the down button and (wait)
42 43
__ __ , when it (come) __ __ , Uncle Ernesto (take) __ _ a deep breath and (get) __ ____
44 45 46 47
in even though the elevator wasn’t empty. The other people in the elevator (suprise) ___ ___
48
when they (see) __ ___ a man who (warp) ___ ____ in a towel.
49 50
Uncle Ernesto (think) ____ ____ about (try) ____ ____ (explain) ____ ____ his
51 52 53
problem, but unfortunately he (know, not) ____ _____ any Norwegian. He said, in English
54
“Door, Locked, No key” A bussinessman in elevator (nod) _____ _____ , but he (smile, not)
55
___ __ , Another man (look) ___ ___ at Uncle Ernesto and (smile) ____ _____ broadly.
56 57 58
After an eternity, the elevator (reach) ____ ____ the ground floor. Uncle Ernesto
59
(walk) _____ _____ straight to front desk and (look) _____ ______ at the hotel manager
60 61
helplessly. The hotel manager (have to undrestand, not) ____ ____ any language (figure)
62
_____ _____ out the problem. My uncle (have to say, not) _____ _____ a word. The
63 64
manager (grab) _____ ______ a key, (take) ___ ___ my uncle by the elbow, and (lead)
65 66
____ ____ him back to the nearest elevator. My uncle (embarrass, stil) _____ _____ about
67 68
this incident. But he (laugh) _____ _____ a lot when he (tell) ____ ____ the story.
69 70
10. VERB TENSE REVIEW

Dear Adam,
Hi! Remember me? (Just a joke!) I (write, not) haven’t written to you for at least six
1
months, but that’s not long enough for you to forget me! I think about writing to you often,
but I (be, not) ________ a good correspondent for the last few months. You (hear, not)
2
________ from me for such a long time because (be) really busy. For the last few
3 4
months, I (work) full-time at a shoe store and (go) to school at the

5 6
local community college to study business and computers. When I (write) to you six
7
months ago-last April, I think I (go) to the university full-time and (study) ────
8 9
anthropology. A lot of things (happen) since then.

10
At the end of the spring semester last June, my grades (be) terrible. As a
11
result, I (lose) my scholarship and my parents support. I really (mess) up

12 13
when I (get) _______ those bad grades. When I (show) my grade report to my
14 15
parents, they (refuse) _______to help me with my living expenses at school anymore. They
16
(feel) _______that I was wasting my time and their money, so they (tell) me to
17 18
get a job. So last June I (start) _______ working at a shoe store: Imperial Shoes at 20
19
Southcenter Mall. I (work) ______there ever since.

20
It (be, not) a bad job, but it (be, not) wonderful either. Every
21 22
day, I (fetch) shoes from the back room for people to try on, boxes and boxes
23
shoes, all day long. I (meet) some pretty weird people since I (start) _______ this
24 25
job. A couple of weeks ago, a middle-aged man (come) ___into the store. He (want)
26
_______ to try on some black leather loafers. I (bring) the loafers, and he (put)
27 28 29
them on. While he (walk) around to see if they fit okay, he (pull) from his
30 31
pocket a little white mouse with pink eyes and (start) __________talking to it. He (look)
33
32
right at the mouse and (say) , “George, (you, like) this pair of
34 35
shoes?” When the mouse (twitch) it’s nose, the man (say) , “Yes, so do I.”
36 37
Then he (turn)______to me and (say) _______, “We’ll take them. “ Can you believe that!?
38 39
Most of the people I meet are nice – and normal. My favorite customers (be)____
40
people who (know) what they want when they (enter) the store. They
41 42
(come) ________in, (point) at one pair of shoes, politely (tell) me
43 44 45
their size, (try) the shoes on, and then (buy) them, just like that.
46 47
They (agonize, not) for a long time over which pair to buy.
48
I (learn) one important thing from working at the shoe store. I (want, not) __ to
49 50
sell shoes as a career. I (need) a good education that (prepare) ____ me for a job
51 52
that I can enjoy for the rest of my life. And although I love studying anthropology, I (decide)
that a degree in business and computers will provide the best career opportunities.
53
Now I (work) part-time at the shoe store and (go) to school at the
54 55
same time. I (want, always) to be completely independent and self-reliant, and now
56
(be) I (have) to pay every penny of my tuition and living expenses now.
57 58
Every since I (lose) my scholarship and (make)_______my parents mad, I (be)
59 60 61
completely on my own. I’m glad to report that my grades at present (be) excellent,
62
and right now I (enjoy, really) my work with computers. In the future, I
63
(continue)________ to take courses in anthropology whenever I can fit them into my
64
schedule, and I (study)________ Anthropology on my own for the rest of my life, but I
65
(pursue)__________a career in business. Maybe there is some way can combine
66
anthropology, business, and computers. Who knows?
There, I (tell)____________you everything I can think of that is at all important in

67
my life at the moment. I think I (grow) _________up a lot during the last six months. I
68
(understand) ____________ that my education is important. Losing my scholarship
69
(make)____________my life more difficult, but I (believe)___________that I (take,
70 71
finally)______ _______charge of my life. It’s a good feeling.
72
Please write. I’d love to hear from you.
Jessica
11: Choose the right answer.

1. According to ____ quantum mechanics, it is normally impossible to pinpoint the orbit of an
electron bond in an atom.
a. the related laws c. the laws are related
b. the laws of d. the laws are related to
2. More books have been written about the Civil War ____ any other war in history.
a. that there is c. about
b. of d. than about
3. ________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
a. Yesterday c. In the morning
b. Traffic d. Cars
4. The North Platte River ___________ from Wyoming into Nebraska.
a. it flowed c. flows
b. flowing d. with flowing water
5. ______ Biloxi received its name from a Sioux word meaning “first people”
a. The city of c. Located in
b. It is in d. The tour included
6. Although the bow and arrows were first invented in the Mesolithic period, it continued to
A B
be used for hunting in the early Neolithic period.
C D
7. Polystyrene comes in both a hard form or a lightweight foam.
A B C D
8. Kangaroos sometimes rest or groom themselves while they are sitting on them hind legs.
A B C D
9. The Virginia Company, which founded colony at Jamestown, sent over glassmakers from
A B
Poland with the intention of developing the glassmaking industry in the New World.
C D
10. Ben Franklin, needing one set of lenses for distant vision and other for near vision,
A B C
devised bifocals in 1784.
D
12: Choose the right answer.

1. Large losses may occur from insurance claims made by people ______ legal action.
a. since c. through
b. to d. until
2. Most stores in large American cities close _________ five or six o’clock on weekdays, but
the malls in the suburbs stay open much later.
a. at c. in
b. on d. until
3. _______ a mayor, many city governments employ the city managers.
a. Besides c. Beside
b. And d. Also
4. Everyone ________ albinos has certain amount of pigment in the skin to add color.
a. but c. that
b. and d. without
5. John Dewey advocated teaching methods that provided experiences for students to
participate in _________ material for them to memorize.
a. instead of c. not only
b. although d. contrasting
6. _________ under Chef Tecumseh, the Shawnees lost most of their lands to whites and were
moved into territories.
a. In spite of resistance c. In spite resistance
b. Despite of resistance d. Although resistance
7. Some forms of mollusks are extremely useful as food, especially the bivalves ________
oyster, clams, and scallops.
a. such c. such as
b. as d. so
8. _______ in the United States, Texas is the leading cattle producer.
a. All the states c. Of all the states
b. Not all the states d. There are all the states
9. Jogging burns calories ________ about one hundred per mile.
a. of rate c. of the rate
b. of the rate d. of the rate of
10. The Washington Monument on the Mall is a hollow shaft without a break _________ its
surface except for the tiny entrance.
a. with c. on
b. from d. to
11. _______ of academic leadership, Milton Eisenhower was frequently called to Washington.
a. By his year c. his years were
b. During his years d. There were his years
12. The Copper Age lasted _______ after which bronze was introduced.
a. from about 5000 BC to about 3700 BC c. about from 5000 BC and about 3700 BC
b. for about 5000 BC to 3700 BC d. about 5000 BC to about 3700 BC
REFERENCES
Allen, J.P.B. (1974). Pedagogical Grammar. In J.P.B Allen & S.P. Corder (eds.), The Edinburgh
Course in Applied Linguistics. Techniques in Applied Linguistics, Vol.3, 59-92. London:
Oxford University Press.
Azar, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar. 3rd Edition. New York: Pearson Education.
Azar, B. S. & Hagen A. S. (2003). Basic English Grammar. 3rd Edition. New York: Pearson
Education .
Duffy, C. B., & Mahnke, M. K. (1996). The Heinemann ELT TOEFL Preparation Course. Oxford:
Macmilan Publisher.
Phillips, D. (2014). Longman Introductory Course for the TOEFL test. New York: Pearson
Education .
Phillips, D. (2013). Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL test: Longman preparation course
for the TOEFL test: the paper test, with answer key. New York: Pearson Education.
Pyle, M., & Page, M. E. M. (1995). Cliffs TOEFL’. Usa: Cliffs Notes, Inc.
Thompson, G. (1996). Introducing Fundamental Grammar. London: Arnold.

Tenses: Exercise 48: Translate Into Good English!

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UNIT 5

Exercise 48: Translate into good English!

2. Jack sedang menulis puisi minggu ini.

3. Jack telah menulis puisi selama seminggu.

4. Jack menulis puisi seminggu yang lalu.

6. Jack akan menulis puisi minggu depan.

Past (Ps.) : at past time

2) Based on the event

Perfect (Pr.) : completely done

Perfect Continuous (Pr. C.) : at the moment of speaking + duration

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 49

Future (F) will/shall + be + Pres.

Past Future (Ps. F)

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 50

3. The Boss has dinner. (Future perfect continuous interrogative)

4. The suspect will not be nervous. (Present perfect continuous negative)

5. Jackie Chan would appear in Indonesia. (Past perfect continuous negative)

Exercise 50: Change the tenses.

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 51

2. The old father (partake, often) in the independent day party.

3. Mr. Jack (tear, not) the letter tonight.

4. We (forbid, already) him to the discotheque.

5. The naughty child (write) some agreements today.

Exercise 52: Choose the correct answer.

2. The correct sentence is ______

3. The interrogative sentence of future perfect continuous tense is ______

4. ______ the security ______ the information?

5. An old woman _________ some money at the moment.

16. He__ a nice ___ in ___ coop at the moment.

18. _____ the teacher _____ the new student?

19. The correct sentence is _____.

20. The nominal sentence is _____.

21. The negative interrogative of future perfect is _____.

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 53

Exercise 53: Put in the correct verb forms.

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 54

5. My mother worry about me.

6. A student buy a lot of books at the beginning of each term.

7. Airplanes fly all around the world.

8. Mr. Wong teach Chinese at the university.

9. The teacher ask us a lot of questions in class every day.

10. Mr. Cook watch game shows on TV every evening.

11. Music consist of pleasant sounds.

13. Water freeze at 32°F (0°C) and boil at 212°F (100°C).

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 55

Exercise 57: Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps.

Exercise 58: Make questions. Give short answers.

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 56

Exercise 60: Make questions.

Exercise 63: Negate the sentences.

2. (Stevany and her sister/ cook / fried rice / every morning/always)

4. (The children / play / football / on the field /sometimes)

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 59

brush get take wash cook leave

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 61

A : (you, study) ___________________ a lot?

Exercise 70: Complete the sentences in this composition by Carlos.

ELEMENTARY & PRE−INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LEVEL | Hi−English, anti gagap Inggris 62

3. Amy carry a notebook to work often.

4. the security the information?

16. He a nice _ in ___ coop at the moment.

18. _ the teacher _ the new student?

1. People have used__ leather to make shoes for hundreds of years.

1. David has worked for the power company _since__ 1999.