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    Drying Curve: M.Sc. II Sem Unit Opeartion (ICM-2001)

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    MD. Humayun Kobir
    The document describes a typical drying curve that plots drying rate against moisture content over time. It discusses the different periods of drying: - Constant rate period where the surface is wet and drying occurs at a steady rate. - Falling rate period where the surface moisture drops below 100% and drying slows. This can be divided into a first and second falling rate period. - The curve shows the drying rate decreasing as moisture content decreases over time.

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    Drying Curve: M.Sc. II Sem Unit Opeartion (ICM-2001)

    Uploaded by

    MD. Humayun Kobir
    35 views12 pages
    The document describes a typical drying curve that plots drying rate against moisture content over time. It discusses the different periods of drying: - Constant rate period where the surface is wet and drying occurs at a steady rate. - Falling rate period where the surface moisture drops below 100% and drying slows. This can be divided into a first and second falling rate period. - The curve shows the drying rate decreasing as moisture content decreases over time.

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    curves, and heat transfe

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    The document describes a typical drying curve that plots drying rate against moisture content over time. It discusses the different periods of drying: - Constant rate period where the surface is wet and drying occurs at a steady rate. - Falling rate period where the surface moisture drops below 100% and drying slows. This can be divided into a first and second falling rate period. - The curve shows the drying rate decreasing as moisture content decreases over time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views12 pages

    Drying Curve: M.Sc. II Sem Unit Opeartion (ICM-2001)

    Uploaded by

    MD. Humayun Kobir
    The document describes a typical drying curve that plots drying rate against moisture content over time. It discusses the different periods of drying: - Constant rate period where the surface is wet and drying occurs at a steady rate. - Falling rate period where the surface moisture drops below 100% and drying slows. This can be divided into a first and second falling rate period. - The curve shows the drying rate decreasing as moisture content decreases over time.

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    Drying Curve

    M.Sc. II sem
    Abu Mustafa Khan
    Unit Opeartion
    (ICM-2001) Department of Chemistry
    A.M.U. Aligarh
    Content
    • Types of moisture
    • Drying curve
    • Typical drying rate curve
    • Constant rate period
    • Falling rate period
    • First falling rate period
    • Second falling rate period
    • Moisture content Vs drying time curve
    Types of Moisture
    Moisture content of a substance which exerts as equilibrium vapour pressure less than of the
    pure liquid at the same temperature is referred to as bound moisture.

    Moisture content of the solid which exerts an equilibrium vapour pressure equal to that of
    pure liquid at the given temperature is the unbound moisture.

    The moisture content of solid in excess of the equilibrium moisture content is referred as free
    moisture. During drying, only free moisture can be evaporated. The free moisture content of a
    solid depends upon the vapour concentration in the gas.

    The moisture contents of solid when it is in equilibrium with given partial pressure of vapour
    in gas phase is called as equilibrium moisture content.

    Moisture content at which the constant rate drying period ends and the falling rate drying
    period starts is called critical moisture content.
    Drying curve

    Drying curve is the plot of the drying rate Φ or N versus the


    remaining water content X. Water content X is expressed as
    kg of water per kg of dry matter. Drying process of a
    material can be described as a series of steps in which drying
    rate plays a key role.
    typical
    drying
    rate
    curve
    Constant rate period
    • Point A’ or A to B is called preheating period.
    • Point B represents equilibrium temperature conditions of the product
    surface.
    • Section B to C of the curve, known as the constant rate periods,
    represents removal of unbound water from the product.
    • The water acts as if the solid is not present. The surface of the product is
    very wet and water. And the water activity is equal to one.
    • The constant rate period continues as long as the amount of water
    evaporates is equal to the amount of water supplied to surface by capillary
    action.
    • There is no change in the temperature of the material.
    Falling rate period

    • The falling rate period is reached when the


    drying rate starts to decrease, and the
    surface water activity falls to less than one.
    • The rate of drying is governed by the
    internal flow of liquid or vapour. This point
    is represented by C in the figure.
    • This point there is not enough water on the
    surface to maintain a water activity value of
    one.
    Falling rate period can be
    divided into two steps.

    First Second
    falling falling
    drying rate drying rate
    First falling drying rate period

    A first falling drying rate occurs when wetted


    spots in the surface continually diminish until
    the surface is dried (Point D)

    .
    Heat required for moisture removal is transferred
    through the solid to the vaporization of moisture in
    the solid and the vapour moves through the solid
    Second falling drying rate

    • Second falling rate period begins at point D when the surface is completely
    dry. The plane of evaporation recedes from the surface
    • The amount water removed in this period can be relatively small compared to
    the constant rate and first falling rate period.
    • However this period may take much longer time than constant rate period
    because the drying is slow.

    In the sufficiently porous materials there is no discrimination between first and second falling rate
    period.
    Moisture
    content
    Vs
    Drying
    time
    curve
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