3DVIEW User Guide
3DVIEW User Guide
3DVIEW User Guide
R5000.0.1
© 2008 Landmark Graphics Corporation
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❖
Table of Contents
File Extensions
Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Print Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Color Spectrum File
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
General Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Formatting Rules for the Spectrum File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Example Spectrum File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Screen Definition File
Startup Screen Definition File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Screen Definition File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Subject Index
Purpose
This manual describes how to use Landmark’s 3DVIEWTM and 2DVIEWTM
reservoir visualization software. These programs are intuitive, graphical, and
relatively simple to learn. The manual can be used for extended study by users
learning the software or for quick reference by those who already understand its
basic operation. Throughout this manual, example screens from the program are
included, along with descriptions that will help you understand how to produce
similar results on your own workstation. 00
Audience
This manual is intended for use by reservoir engineers or other technical
personnel wanting to evaluate reservoir structure or performance based on
simulation results calculated by software such as the Landmark line of VIP
simulators. This manual assumes the user has a basic familiarity with computers
and reservoir engineering terminology. Experience with the X Window System/
Motif interface is especially helpful as is some familiarity with computer
simulation of reservoirs. 00
Organization
This manual is organized in a logical order corresponding to normal user work
flow. The following chapters are provided to help you understand program
operation: 00
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■ Chapter 6 - Animation and Video. Explains how to animate the display and
produce slide shows and video.
Mouse Operation
Mouse buttons are named MB1, MB2, and MB3, progressing from left to right (or
right-to-left in a left-handed mouse). The mouse example below shows a right-
handed arrangement. Button arrangement may be reversed for left-handed mouses
(see your system documentation for details).
The basic functions of the mouse pointer that are specific to 3DVIEW and
2DVIEW operation are as follows: 00
Drag Hold down MB1 and move the mouse, then release when pointer
reaches desired location.
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Set cursor Click MB1 in text at location where you want to start typing.
■ On/Off toggle. Click once to turn on, again to turn off. When the button looks
pushed in, it is on.
■ Selection toggle. Only one button can be selected at a time. The active button
is indicated by color-fill.
■ Slider Bar. The current setting is shown at the slider. To change it, click either
side using MB2 or drag it along the slider path using MB1 until the desired
value appears. You can also use the arrow keys.
■ Text Sliders. Works the same way as numeric sliders, except that it controls
text settings. You can also enter text manually, using the keyboard, arrow keys
for left/right movement in the field, and Backspace/Delete for character
removal. To overwrite the entry, double-click the current value and retype.
The Enter key must be pressed after typing a new value.
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When you click in a text field, the border color indicates the type. A yellow
border indicates unrestricted entries, including values that are outside the
minimum/maximum range of the slider (the range changes automatically to
accommodate the entered value). A red border indicates values must remain
between the maximum and minimum of the slider.
■ List. Lists are primarily used to display data files for selection. Simply click
MB1 to make a selection. If scroll bars are displayed with a list, use MB1 to
click on the scroll bar arrows or drag the bar.
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Move Window*
Resize Window* 00
Activates the Window menu - Reduces the active Enables the activated
e.g., move, maximize, close, etc. window to an icon. window to occupy the
Close only closes the current Clicking on the icon entire screen area. 00
NOTE: If you are not using the Motif Window Manager (for instance, if
you are using openwin or Microsoft Windows or Mac), you may
need to use a different resource file. This can be done by setting the
following variable:
Related Manuals
The following manuals provide more information on Landmark products related
to 3DVIEW and 2DVIEW. For more information, please consult the appropriate
manual listed below.
■ Getting Started with VIP. An introduction to the VIP product line in general
and the DESKTOP-VIP program in particular. Explains all of the concepts
and data required to prepare and run reservoir simulations.
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■ GeoLink User’s Guide. A summary of the user interface available with the
GeoLink package.
Contact your Landmark representative for more information about these manuals
or other Landmark products.
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Chapter
1
Overview
What Is 3DVIEW?
Recent advances in workstation technology and visualization techniques have
opened up a world of new opportunities for the petroleum technologist, reservoir
engineer or geoscientist. The advanced technologies currently available allow a
reservoir simulation model to be generated which is more accurate and detailed
than previously possible. 3DVIEW helps you view such models in three
dimensions as a high-resolution graphics image.
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With 3DVIEW, the petroleum technologist can “get inside” the three dimensional
simulator model to view the effects of a simulation on a specific area of a
reservoir. Simulation attributes can be displayed as color-coded shaded images
across a reservoir structure. The image can be rotated, zoomed, and sliced – all in
real time.
Changes through time for any reservoir attribute can be viewed in an animation
mode. As a result, physical changes in the reservoir, such as gas cap movements
or pressure changes can easily be evaluated. The ability to visualize a three-
dimensional image of a simulation model from any angle during the course of the
simulation cannot help but improve the understanding of the reservoir.
The 3DVIEW software has all the power you need to view multidimensional
reservoir models in full color. When used with the integrated suite of Landmark
reservoir modeling products, 3DVIEW can be used at four different points in the
simulation process: after gridding, after initialization, during simulation, and after
simulation.
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What Is 2DVIEW?
The 2DVIEW software is nearly identical to 3DVIEW, except that it provides
only a two-dimensional view of a reservoir model. Instead of being able to view
the model at any angle, you can only view it layer by layer from above. Model
rotation and animation are restricted to the 2D plane. The 2DVIEW program
replaces the old SIMOUT application found in previous versions of DESKTOP-
VIP. All documentation in this manual should be assumed to apply equally to both
2DVIEW and 3DVIEW, except where otherwise specified.
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Summary of Features
The 3DVIEW and 2DVIEW packages of reservoir visualization software offer the
following major features:
General
■ Full-featured 3D or 2D visualization of geologic and reservoir simulation
models.
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■ Set data thresholds (clipping) and special display of cells within specified data
range.
■ View grids with full display of corner points and local grid refinement.
■ Contour shading.
■ Isosurfaces.
■ Flow visualization.
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Display Control
■ Simultaneous display of multiple views from the same or different reservoir
models or simulation runs.
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■ User-defined legends.
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OpenVision Connectivity
The current version of 3DVIEW offers connectivity to the OpenVision data
visualization program. OpenVision is a product that allows engineers and
reservoir analysts to view many different types of geoscience data through a
single viewer. With 3DVIEW’s OpenVision connectivity, you can:
■ Update the OpenVision display manually with any changes made in the
3DVIEW display.
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Chapter
2
Getting Started
Introduction
This chapter will help you get started using the 3DVIEW and 2DVIEW software.
It explains the following topics:
This chapter contains all the procedures you will need to get the desired data files
open and displayed on the screen. Later chapters will explain how to change the
display and analyze the data through various visualization techniques. Before
using this chapter, make sure you read and understand the material contained in
Chapter 1.
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3dview filename
3dview -2 filename
where filename is the name of the data file to be displayed. The file should be
in .vdb format (see Note on next page). If you use an appropriate filename on
the command line, the program opens a display window as shown page 230.
2. If you do not know the filename, just type 3dv and press the Enter key.
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3. Select the database filename from the Files list on the right side of this box,
then click the OK button.
NOTE: You must select either a VIP database file (.vdb), as described in “Loading
Data Files” on page 37. The file name should appear in the selection panel
shown in the previous figure. If you do not see the file listed, it may be in
some other directory. You can type a new pathname on the Filter line, ending
with a slash and asterisk (/*), then click the Filter button to see the files in
that directory. Or you can navigate through the directory structure by double-
clicking the directory name in the Directories list.
After selecting the database file of interest, the reservoir model will appear in
the display window, as shown in the next part of this chapter. You can
continue loading more data files or create scenes using the appropriate
procedures later in this chapter (see “Loading Data Files” on page 37).
1. In the Session list, select the case that contains the grid data to be displayed in
3DView.
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NOTE: The display window and control panel can be resized by dragging the
corners. For example, it may be desirable to have the interface take up less
room on the screen. Or, it may be desirable to have the display window
larger to allow more room for manipulating the reservoir image.
The 3DVIEW and 2DVIEW user interfaces contain several different components
you can use to operate the program, as discussed on the following pages. Later
sections of this manual will explain each of the component options in greater
detail.
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Display Window
The display window lets you manipulate the reservoir image to visually assess the
results of a reservoir simulation. The window includes the menu bar and display
area which are discussed in more detail on the following pages. To help you
understand the current data you are viewing, the title bar also shows the current
database filename, timestep date and number, and reservoir orientation.
Display
Area
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Menu Bar
The program provides a menu bar at the top of each display window with a series
of pull-down menus that let you select the available program options. To select
from a menu, just click the menu name, then click the desired option (or drag the
mouse pointer to it). For example, to open a new file, click the word File on the
menu bar, then select the New/New File option on the pull-down menu (when you
do this, the program displays a list of filenames for selection).
The following table summarizes the menus and options available. Menu options
followed by three dots indicate that additional dialog boxes or menus will be
displayed upon selection of the option. Ctrl plus a letter appearing beside a menu
option indicates a shortcut key – the option can be selected by holding down the
Control key while typing the indicated letter. For example, the shortcut key for
File/New/New File is Ctrl + N. Holding down the Control key while typing N is
the same as selecting File/New/New File.
Menu Summary
Data Select timestep and data for display; set data limits and 2
clipping parameters.
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Spectrum Window
The spectrum window shown below indicates the property displayed and provides
a color scale for easy visualization of the property range. See “Adjusting the Color
Spectrum” on page 71 for information regarding the options available for
controlling the display of the Color Spectrum.
Displayed
variable and
data range
A special spectrum viewer appears for ternary displays, which shows the relative
intensity of all three properties selected for display. Ternary displays are created
using the Variable option on the Data menu. In this case, the displayed properties
are shown at each point of the triangle and the ranges are indicated between them.
For example, the following ternary diagram shows the color coding for a
simultaneous display of oil, water, and gas saturation.
Data ranges
Displayed variables
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Control Panel
The control panel appears at the left side of the screen when you start the program.
This panel provides options for displaying and controlling one or multiple
reservoir displays (scenes), printing, animation, calculation, and other features.
Translate
The following table summarizes the various control panel buttons. Most buttons
are operated through a single click. The Selection Mode contains a menu that you
can click or drag-select.
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Quit Closes all windows and exits the program. “Starting and
Stopping the
Program” on
page 28.
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After selecting the desired mouse options, press Apply to leave this panel open
and try out the new selections, or click OK to accept the new selections and close
this panel.
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1. Select New from the File menu, then select New File from the cascading
menu.
2. Select the database filename from the Files list on the right side of this box,
then click the OK button.
NOTE: If you do not see the correct file listed here, it may be in some other
directory. You can type a new pathname on the Filter line, ending with a
slash and asterisk (/*), then click the Filter button to see the files in that
directory. Or you can navigate through the directory structure by double-
clicking the directory name in the Directories list.
After selecting a data file and choosing OK, a display window is created and
the new reservoir is displayed. File/New functions essentially the same as
Add Scene on the control panel.
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1. Make sure the current window is active. If more than one window is open,
click on the window where you want to open the file.
3. The Database selection box is displayed. After selecting a data file and
choosing OK, the reservoir displayed in the current display window will be
replaced with the selected reservoir.
■ All files are closed when you exit the program by clicking the Quit button on
the control panel.
■ You can close a file temporarily by selecting Close Scene from the File menu.
The file can be opened again by selecting Scenes/Displayed on the control
panel and choosing the data file for display.
Once a data file has been opened through the Add Scene or File/New File options
it will be available for display until it is deleted through the Scenes/Delete option
on the control panel. However, data files removed from display by the File/Close
Scene command can still be accessed through the Scenes option on the control
panel (see “Controlling Scenes” on page 48).
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■ For recurrent data, the initial variable displayed will be the first one output
from the simulator, usually oil saturation. The reservoir is initially displayed
at timestep zero.
■ If recurrent data is not available, the program uses the first initialization data
item (usually oil saturation).
1. Select Variable from the Data menu. This displays the Data Variables
selection panel, as shown below.
This panel is used to select the data item desired for display from the available
data.
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3. Depending on your selection in the previous step, use the left panel to select a
property under Primary [Q1] if you want to select a single variable for
display, under Secondary [Q2] to display two variables, or under Ternary to
display three variables simultaneously. Use the pull-down menu(s) to select
the property(ies) to be displayed. If you selected Q1 Only in step 2 above,
only Primary [Q1] is available; if you selected Q1[Q2], Primary and
Secondary are available; if you selected Ternary, then Primary, Secondary
and Ternary are available. Skip to the next procedure if you are trying to
produce a Ternary display.
There are two pull-down menus under each selection. To select from these
pull-down menus, click and hold the button down, drag to select from the
menu, and release.
4. To define specific properties for which clipping will be allowed, use the
menus under Clip 1, Clip 2, and Clip 3 in the right-hand panel.
NOTE: Clipping is a form of data control that allows you to remove certain ranges of
data or grid cells from the view. See Chapter 4 for more details.
5. Select the type of data to be displayed. Any of the following choices may be
available on the pull-down menus, depending on the type of data contained in
the database. If any type of data is not available, the corresponding choice will
not be available on the pull-down menu.
There are three data types available on these pull-down menus. The three
types are:
6. Use the Apply button if you want to test the effect of different settings on the
display. Use the Reset button if you want to reset the display to its original
settings. Otherwise, click the OK button to apply your settings and close the
window, or the Cancel button to close the window without applying your
settings.
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■ Right. The variable selected for this position will be displayed using the
colors along the line bisecting the lower right angle of the triangle.
■ Left. The variable selected for this position will be displayed using the colors
along the line bisecting the lower left angle of the triangle.
■ Top. The variable selected for this position will be displayed using the colors
along the line bisecting the top angle of the triangle.
In the figure below, the Ternary toggle was turned on in the Data/Variables
dialog box, then SO was selected for the Top variable, SG for the Right variable
and SW for the Left variable. Notice that the selected variables correspond to the
top, left, and right corners of the Ternary color spectrum, and that the reservoir
display clearly shows the saturations of oil, water, and gas.
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1. If you want to change the timestep to the same value for all active display
windows, turn on the Broadcast option on the main control panel (see
“Controlling the Range of Data Displayed” on page 44 for instructions on
how to define active windows). Otherwise, turn Broadcast off.
This opens the following box for selecting the desired timestep for display.
❑ Time Step. To view the data at a specific time step, move this slider to the
desired time step. The display changes automatically to show the data at
that time step.
❑ Time in Days. If you want to view the data as it appears a certain number
of days into the simulation, move this slider (or enter a value) that
specifies the desired number of days. If the Interpolate Data button is on,
the program will interpolate the data automatically and display it on the
screen. If not, the program will display the data as calculated for the
nearest time step.
4. When you are finished using this panel, click the OK button to close it.
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■ For the automatic mode, select Animation on the control panel and use the
slider for Refresh to set the timestep interval to be used (see “Animating a
Scene” on page 174). Turn on Run and the program will move through the
simulation timesteps based on the specified interval displaying the reservoir at
each interval.
■ For the manual mode, turn off Run and use Timestep on the Data menu to
select the timestep of interest for display.
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1. Select Data Clip from the Data menu. This displays the Data Clip form as
shown below.
2. Make the appropriate entries on the left side of the form to control the range
of data displayed.
3. Make the appropriate entries on the right side of the form (Active Entry) to
indicate the data value being controlled. You can set a different minimum/
maximum for each option selected.
❑ Single. The typical model display is a single variable. If this is the case,
make sure this option is selected when setting the minimum/maximum.
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Top, Left, or Right variable (as shown on the ternary diagram). See
“Displaying Three Variables at Once (Ternary Displays)” on page 41 for
more details on ternary displays.
❑ Clip 1/2/3. Use these options to define up to three additional ranges for
specialized data clipping.
In the figure below, a minimum gas saturation of five percent was specified as a
low data cutoff by entering .05 for the Minimum on the Data Clip form.
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The figure below shows the reservoir with a specified minimum gas saturation of
five percent, displayed at four different timesteps during the simulation run. This
allows the reservoir engineer to actually see the expansion of the gas cap.
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Each display window has its own menu bar along the top, and each menu bar has
a different background color. You can resize the windows by pointing to any
corner and dragging MB1 while moving the cursor to shrink or expand the
window.
For example, if Broadcast is on and you change the timestep in one window, it
will change the timestep in all other windows. Broadcasting affects only the active
windows in the display. Normally, all windows are active, unless you specify them
as inactive for broadcast purposes. To make windows inactive, see “Specifying
Active/Inactive Scenes” on page 48.
Adding a Scene
The Add Scene button on the control panel works just like the File/New/New File
option on the menu bar. It opens a new data file in a new window that is
completely separate from other windows opened before.
2. Select the database filename from the Files list on the right side of this box,
then click the OK button.
NOTE: If you do not see the correct file listed here, it may be in some other
directory. You can type a new pathname on the Filter line, ending with a
slash and asterisk (/*), then click the Filter button to see the files in that
directory. Or you can navigate through the directory structure by double-
clicking the directory name in the Directories list.
After selecting a data file and choosing OK, a display window is created and
the new reservoir is displayed.
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Controlling Scenes
You can control which scenes (reservoir displays) are active, displayed, and
deleted. Clicking the Scenes button on the control panel will display the Scenes
Panel shown below. This panel is used when multiple scenes (reservoirs) are
displayed to control which scenes are to be active, displayed, and deleted.
Scenes Panel
When you have multiple windows open as scenes, you can define certain scenes
to be active or inactive for the purpose of broadcasting changes to multiple
windows. For example, if you turn on the Broadcast option on the main control
panel, then change the timestep on the Data menu, your changes will apply to all
active windows.
Scenes can be made active or inactive using the Deactivate Scene or Activate
Scene option on the File menu for each scene. An easier way to control multiple
scenes, however, is using the Active button on the Scenes Panel. By default, all
scenes are active. Use the following steps to control which scenes are active or
inactive using the Scenes panel:
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2. Make sure all the scenes you want to be active are selected, and those you
want to be inactive are not selected.
3. To test the effect of your settings, click the Apply button. To reset the list to its
original condition, click the Reset button.
4. When you are finished using this panel, click the OK button to save the
settings and close the panel. Or use Cancel to close the panel without saving
your settings.
As you open multiple scenes, all scenes are displayed automatically by default.
However, the software lets you control which scenes are displayed and which are
hidden. To control scene display, use the following steps:
2. Select all the scenes you want to be displayed. Those you do not select will be
hidden.
Selected scenes will remain displayed while scenes not selected will be
removed from the display. Displayed scenes are indicated by highlighted
filenames in the dialog box.
3. To test the effect of your settings, click the Apply button. To reset the list to its
original condition, click the Reset button.
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4. When you are finished using this panel, click the OK button to save the
settings and close the panel. Or use Cancel to close the panel without saving
your settings.
Deleting Scenes
You can delete all scenes except the initial or first scene opened with the Add
Scene feature (indicated by a yellow background for the menu bar). To delete
scenes:
■ Clone Above. The new display window is positioned directly above the
original window, with the same reservoir displayed in it.
■ Clone Below. The new display window is positioned directly below the
original window, with the same reservoir displayed in it.
■ Clone Left. The new display window is positioned to the left of the original
window, with the same reservoir displayed in it.
■ Clone Right. The new display window is positioned to the right of the
original window, with the same reservoir displayed in it.
The desired effect is achieved when you make a selection. No special dialog
appears on the screen.
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Splitting a Window
The Split feature lets you duplicate a window, but within the same screen area as
the original window. Instead of both windows being the same size, the result is
two windows that together occupy the same space. To split a window, make the
following selections from the File/New menu.
■ Split Horizontal. This opens another display window containing the reservoir
displayed in the original window. The space occupied by the original display
window will be split in half horizontally with the original window occupying
the bottom half and the new window occupying the top half.
■ Split Vertical. This opens another display window containing the reservoir
displayed in the original window. The space occupied by the original display
window will be split in half vertically with the original window occupying the
left half and the new window occupying the right half.
The desired effect is achieved when you make a selection. No special dialog
appears on the screen.
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Connecting to OpenVision
OpenVision is a product that allows engineers and reservoir analysts to view many
different types of geoscience data through a single viewer. With 3DVIEW’s
OpenVision connectivity, you can:
■ Update the OpenVision display manually with any changes made in the
3DVIEW display.
To connect and view the 3DVIEW data in OpenVision, use the following steps:
2. Make sure 3DVIEW is started and that the appropriate data is displayed that
you want to use in OpenVision.
3. In 3DVIEW, select the OpenVision option from the File menu. This displays
the OpenVision control panel shown below.
5. Turn on the Broadcast to OpenVision option if you want all of your changes in
3DVIEW to be broadcast automatically to the OpenVision window as you
work. Otherwise, use the Update OpenVision Scene button to manually
update the OpenVision window as you need it.
7. When finished, click any of the bottom buttons to close this panel.
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Chapter
Introduction
The previous chapter explained how to start the program, select data for display,
and arrange the data in various windows. Once you have the data displayed
correctly, you can adjust the display in various ways to improve the view. In
particular, you can:
■ Zoom in or out.
Most of these features do not actually change the data displayed. They are simply
different ways to change or customize the view. The next chapter (Chapter 4, Data
Visualization Techniques) explains how to use the program to strip away or
enhance various parts of the data to improve visualization.
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All mouse control functions are handled by dragging the mouse while holding
down the appropriate button. For example:
■ Translate. To move (i.e., translate) the model, hold down the appropriate
mouse button and drag the mouse over the image.
■ Rotate. To rotate the model, hold down the appropriate mouse button and
drag the mouse in the desired direction of rotation. During rotation, the
reservoir outline is displayed, but the data display is turned off for speed.
When rotation finishes (i.e., you release the mouse button) the data is
redisplayed in the new position.
■ Zoom. To zoom in or out, hold down the appropriate mouse button and drag
the mouse upward or downward in the display area. During the zoom, the
reservoir outline is displayed, but the data display is turned off for speed.
When zooming finishes (i.e., you release the mouse button) the data is
redisplayed at the new magnification.
For instructions on how to use the mouse for pointing at (picking) specific cells
and wells, see “Viewing Data for Cells and Wells” on page 149.
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■ Rotation
■ Zooming
■ Translation (moving)
■ X, Y, Z rescaling
■ Lighting.
The information in this section explains how to use each of the options on the
View-Point menu
1. Select Rotate on the View-Point menu. This displays the following panel
which lets you control the degree of rotation.
2. Leave this panel open as long as you need it and use the following sliders to
control rotation.
❑ Azimuth. By moving the slider with MB1 the model image can be rotated
horizontally around its central point. The degree of rotation may also be
specified by highlighting the number in the value area and typing a new
number.
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❑ Inclination. By moving the slider with MB1 the model image can be
rotated vertically around its central point. The degree of inclination may
also be specified by highlighting the number in the value area and typing
a new number.
WARNING: This feature is not available in the 2DVIEW version of the software, since
rotation is restricted to the grid plane. You cannot change the angle of view
(i.e., inclination) in a two-dimensional display.
4. Any time before pressing Apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
5. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
To rotate the reservoir in automatic mode, select Animation on the control panel,
use the slider for Refresh to specify a frequency for redrawing the reservoir and
turn on Fling. Position the cursor on the reservoir and move in the desired
direction of rotation while holding down MB2. The reservoir will automatically
be rotated in the indicated direction with the display being redrawn at the interval
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specified for Refresh. The following illustration shows the same reservoir rotated
to different viewing angles.
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Zooming In or Out
You can zoom any reservoir display in an automated or manual mode. For the
manual mode, simply drag MB1 up or down across the display area, as explained
earlier (see “Display Control Using the Mouse” on page 54). To zoom a model in
automated mode, use the following steps:
1. Select Zoom on the View-Point menu. This displays the following panel
which lets you control the zoom.
2. Leave this panel open as long as you need it and use the zoom slider to control
zooming.
3. Click the OK button to close the panel when you are finished using it.
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1. Select Translate on the View-Point menu. This displays the following panel
which lets you control the translation.
2. Leave this panel open as long as you need it and use the following sliders to
control translation.
4. Any time before pressing apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
5. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
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1. Select Scale on the View-Point menu. This displays the following dialog box.
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2. If you want to be able to test how your changes will affect the display, turn on
the Auto button to auto-apply the settings.
3. Use the sliders to adjust the relative model scale in each direction.
With all scales set to 1, the original model proportions are represented
accurately. Each whole increment on the scale exaggerates the proportions
that many times. For example, to exaggerate the X scale by a factor of four,
set X Scale to 4. You can also use the Z Thicken setting to actually thicken
the Z layers.
WARNING: Z Thicken will thicken the layers without modifying the structure. This can
have the effect of distorting fluid contacts. Z thick operates on each grid
separately. This may give unexpected results.
4. Click the Apply button to test various control settings on the display.
5. If the Apply button has not been used, you can click the Reset button at any
time to change the form back to its original settings.
6. When you are finished using the Scale feature, click the OK button to apply
your last settings and close the Scale dialog. Or click Cancel to close the form
without applying your last settings.
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Lights Panel
2. Turn on the Lighting switch if you want lighting effects to apply. This is the
main toggle switch for all lighting effects.
NOTE: You can also toggle the lighting using the Lights/On and Lights/Off
selections on the View-Point menu.
3. Turn either of the following toggle buttons on or off to control the projection
method.
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❑ Light Scale. Use this slider to control the intensity of the light source.
The higher the setting, the brighter the lighting.
❑ Ambient Light. Use this slider to control the level of ambient lighting in
the display.
5. Any time before pressing Apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
6. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
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1. Select Projection on the View-Point menu. This opens a submenu with the
following options:
2. Select the appropriate option from the submenu. This changes the model
display accordingly.
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Each of the above attributes is already set to a default value when you first start
using the program. The following procedures explain how to adjust the values to
achieve different results.
1. Select Movement Options on the Display menu. This displays the following
dialog box for selecting the reservoir features to be displayed while the
reservoir is being repositioned in the display window.
Movement Panel
❑ Show Data. When selected, the data will be displayed while using the
mouse to reposition the model image. (Default is off.)
❑ Show Grid. When selected, the individual cell grids will be displayed
while using the mouse to reposition the model image. (Default is off.)
❑ Show Wells. When selected, the wells will be displayed while using the
mouse to reposition the model image. (Default is on.)
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4. Any time before pressing Apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
5. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
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2. Use the sliders to select the level of red/green/blue for the following display
components:
❑ Cutting Cell Color. The color of cells used to mark a cutting plane (see
“Using Cutting Planes to Segment a Model” on page 142).
❑ Text Color. The color of text displayed used to display data values on cell
faces.
❑ Color Scale. The level of brightness associated with the spectrum. This
option is useful when displaying ternary color spectrums.
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Rendering Panel
The following list ranks the methods for accuracy and speed with the first
method listed being the slowest but most accurate and the last method being
the fastest but least accurate.
Painters
Software Z Buffer
Z Sort Only
Spider Web
No Hidden Surfaces
NOTE: This choice of options only applies when using X11 mode or hardcopy,
otherwise hardware/software Z buffering is used. Z Sort Only is a good
compromise for accuracy and speed.
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3. Use the slider for Face Adjustment if desired to provide greater definition
between the cell face and the grid outline. This option applies to all display
modes.
As the value is lowered, the cell outline becomes dimmer and eventually
blends with the cell face. As the value is raised the cell outline becomes more
sharply defined. However, too large a value may cause grid lines from hidden
cells to be visible. You can also turn on the Two-Sided Faces option for
further visual enhancement.
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■ Realign. Adjusting the size of the spectrum window to fit neatly below the
main display window.
■ Scale. Selecting the type of color scale to use and the limits of the color scale.
You can also define your own customized color scale.
The procedures on the following pages explain how to use each of the selections
on the Spectrum menu.
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You can also select the type of color spectrum to be used for the reservoir display.
The following examples show the effect of different color spectrums on the same
three-dimensional reservoir display.
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1. Select Scale on the Spectrum menu to display the Spectrum Scale Panel.
2. Click one of the buttons on the left side of the panel to select the type of value
being set. Use any of these methods to specify the max/min values shown on
the color scale:
❑ Raw Data. To have the max/min values of the color scale match the
current data in the file.
❑ User Data. To specify your own max/min values for the color scale. Enter
the desired Minimum and Maximum.
❑ Auto. To have the max/min values of the color scale automatically set by
the program.
3. Specify the Number of Labels that you want to appear along the color scale.
4. Select the desired type of color spectrum from the Use Spectrum list, or use
the Customize button to define your own spectrum (see Appendix G for
procedure on defining a customized color spectrum). The following standard
color spectrums are available on the Use Spectrum list:
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❑ Grey Scale. Similar to Rainbow, but using shades of grey from black to
white.
6. Use the Apply button to test various settings on the model display.
7. Any time before using Apply, you can click the Reset button to change the
settings back to their original values.
8. When you are finished, click the OK button to save the settings and close this
panel, or Cancel to avoid saving the new settings.
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The Spectrum Edit Table lets you interactively define a custom color scale for the
values contained in the model. The table contains a row for each data value at
which color will be changed, and the corresponding color settings. You can edit
the data cutoff values, colors, or interpolation settings using any of the following
procedures. To close the table and apply your edits, click the OK button.
Otherwise, press Cancel.
When you first display the Spectrum Edit Table, it displays the current spectrum
and lets you edit it and save it as a new spectrum file. Use the following
procedure:
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3. Select the Save option from the File menu. This displays the Spectrum File
save dialog.
4. Enter the desired filename for saving the spectrum file at the end of the
Selection line (make sure the path accurately describes where you want to
save the file). Make sure the filename ends with the .spc file extension.
5. Click the OK button on the file save dialog to save the file.
If you have already created a customized color spectrum file, and you want to
modify it, use the following steps:
2. Select the Open option from the File menu. This displays the Spectrum File
open panel.
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If you do not see the desired file listed, reset the path to the correct directory
and click the Filter button.
Unless you have pressed the Clear Table button, the table should already contain a
number of data values and corresponding color swatches. You can edit the table
directly as follows:
■ Value. If you want to change any of the values in the table, simply click on it
and retype. The color will change at that value.
■ Label. If you don’t want the value to appear as a label on the color spectrum,
use the MB3 mouse button to select No from the popup menu. The default is
for the label to appear.
■ Color. This column shows the actual color and red-green-blue (RGB) values
for each data value. You can change the color in either of two ways. You can
select a standard color value using the MB3 pop-up menu. Or you can type in
the RGB values directly.
■ Sample.This column shows the actual color that will be used in the color
spectrum for each color value to the left.
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■ Proportional Spacing/Equal Spacing. The data values can appear along the
color scale at equidistant positions, or at positions that are relative to their
value in the scale. Select one or the other.
The Edit menu at the top of the Spectrum Edit Table lets you cut, copy, and paste
existing rows, or insert new rows in the table. Before using any of these features,
make sure you have selected the row you want to apply it to. The following
options are available:
■ Insert New Row Before/After. This feature lets you insert a new row in the
table before or after the currently selected row.
■ Copy Row. This feature copies the currently selected row into memory, in
case you want to paste it.
■ Cut Row. This feature removes the currently selected row and stores it in
memory, in case you want to paste it.
■ Paste Row Before/After. This feature pastes the row currently stored in
memory to a position in the table before or after the currently selected row.
■ Undelete Row. This feature restores the last row that you removed from the
table.
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❑ Swap Ternary. Swaps the red and green point on the ternary diagram.
❑ Black Text. Displays the text on the Color Spectrum in black when
selected. When deselected the text on the Color Spectrum is the same
color as the grid. The default setting is Black Text, except for ternary
spectrums.
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4. Click the OK button when you are finished using this panel.
The following examples show reservoir displays with the color spectrum located
in different positions. The spectrum may also be positioned by placing the cursor
on the spectrum title bar and pressing and holding MB1 while moving the
spectrum to the desired location.
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■ Well Options. Control the display of wells, well labels, and perforation.
The following procedures explain how to use each of the available Well menu
features.
1. Select Well List on the Wells menu to display the following panel.
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2. Make the appropriate entry under Well Selection Pattern to designate the
wells to be added to the working list.
❑ Well 1* will add wells Well 1, Well 10, Well 11, Well 12 etc.
3. Click on the icon to the right of the text entry field for further control of the
wells to be added to the working list, as described below.
The Working List is the list of wells available for display. The list is initially
empty. Clicking the icon with MB1 toggles through the various methods you
can use to fill the Working List with well names. Clicking on the right
pointing arrow below the icon will perform the function and add the desired
wells to the Display List. The methods used for selection are as follows:
❑ Merge. Click to highlight the wells in the Working List that you want to
merge into the Display List. Then click the Merge>> button. Selected
wells from the Working List are added to the Display List.
❑ Replace. Click to highlight wells in the Working List that you to become
the new Display List. Then click the Replace>> button. Selected Working
List wells are moved to the Display list. Original Display List wells are
removed.
❑ Extract. Click to highlight the wells in the Display List that you want
removed. Click the Extract>> button. Selected wells are removed from
the Display List.
4. Use the icon to the right of the Working List to select the wells from the
Working List to be applied to the Display List.
The Display List is the list of wells to be displayed. It initially contains all the
wells which are defined in the model. Wells added to the Display List will be
shown in the display windows. The icons work the same as defined in the
previous step. For example, Union will add the wells from the Working List to
the Display List. This is accomplished by selecting the Union icon and
clicking on the right pointing arrow immediately below the icon.
5. Use the Compact button at the bottom of the Display List to remove
unhighlighted wells from the Display List.
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NOTE: To select a contiguous range of wells, position the cursor on the first or last
well in the range. Press and hold MB1 and the Control Key while moving
the cursor up or down the Display List to unhighlight all desired wells.
Release the mouse button and click on the Compact button to remove the
unhighlighted well(s) from the Display List.
6. Use the toggle buttons in the well type list to select the types of wells to be
included in the display. The deselected wells will be unhighlighted in the
Display List. The following types can be controlled.
❑ Producer wells.
❑ Shut-in wells
❑ Undrilled wells
❑ Filtered wells
7. Click the OK button when finished to save your settings and close this panel.
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1. Select Well Options from the Wells menu. This displays the Well Options
panel.
2. Use the toggle buttons to make the appropriate selections as defined below.
❑ Show Wells. When selected, well bores (if any) will be displayed.
(Default is on.)
❑ Show Well Labels. When selected, the well names for all displayed wells
will be shown. (Default is on.)
❑ Show Well Perfs. When selected, well perforations for all displayed
wells will be shown. (Default is off).
❑ Well Labels. Specifies the location where the well name will be
displayed on the screen. The number selected on the slider represents the
percentage of the screen height above the reservoir to use for locating the
well name.
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❑ Well Thickness. Increases the thickness of the line used to designate the
well bore. For example, if Well Thickness is set to 5, the line designating
the well bore will be displayed at five times the normal size.
5. Any time before pressing Apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
6. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
In the following example, Show Wells has been turned on. The Well Labels
distance above the reservoir and the Well Thickness has been increased by using
their respective sliders.
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In the following example, perforation size was increased. For the top figure,
Front Face has been turned off using the Grid/Clip option and Show Well Perfs
has been turned on using Wells/Well Options. For the bottom figure, Top Face
has been turned off using the Grid/Clip option.
Perforation Display
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1. Select Well Colors on the Wells menu to display the following panel.
2. For each well type, use the sliders to choose the percentage of Red, Green and
Blue to be used for the color mix for that type of wells.
3. Click the Apply button to test how the settings look (if the Auto button is on,
your selections are automatically applied).
4. If Auto or Apply have not been used yet, you can press Reset to reset the
values to their original settings.
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5. If the display is satisfactory, click the OK button to save your settings and
close this panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
1. Select Well Picking on the Wells menu to display the following panel.
2. Use the slider to adjust the desired well picking tolerance. If you want to clear
all of the currently picked wells, click the Clear Picked Wells button.
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Chapter
4
Data Visualization Techniques
Introduction
The true power of the 3DVIEW (or 2DVIEW) software is its ability to provide
advanced visualization and analysis of reservoir data. This helpsreservoir
engineers see the results of a simulation run, and visually compare “what if”
scenarios from several different simulation runs. In particular, you can:
■ Use the clip and fence step features to “peer inside” the model.
WARNING: Since the viewing of models in 2DVIEW is restricted to the 2D plane, some
of the visualization examples shown in this chapter will not be as easily
achievable using the 2DVIEW software, and in some cases may not be
achievable at all.
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In this figure, the displayed variable is gas saturation, which ranges from 0 to 78
percent. The brighter colors (red) represent higher values while the darker colors
(blue) represent lower values. The edges, top, and bottom of the reservoir can be
seen by rotating the reservoir (not available in 2DVIEW). However, it is not until
you use the program’s advanced visualization techniques that you can start
penetrating the reservoir and analyzing the data in greater detail.
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■ Set various grid display options (opacity, thickness, line color, etc.)
The procedures on the following pages explain how to use each of the options on
the Grid menu.
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The Active LGR feature lets you define which local grid refinements will be
active. Inactive grids will be ignored by all the data and grid manipulation actions
(expanding, shrinking, block values, etc.) except for clipping. Active grids for
clipping are specified independently from the Active LGR dialog (See “Clipping
and Sectioning the Reservoir Model Grid”). To use the refinement activation
feature:
1. Select Active LGR from the Grid menu to display the list of all available
grids.
This dialog lists the root/main grid and any local grids defined in the
simulation.
2. To select a grid for activation, click on the grid name using MB1.
3. After the desired grids have been selected, click on OK or Apply to complete
the grid activation process.
The OK button applies your selections and closes the form. The Apply button
applies your selections without closing the form.
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The Displayed LGR feature lets you define which local grid refinements will be
displayed. To use this feature:
1. Select Displayed LGR from the Grid menu to display the list of all available
grids.
This dialog lists the root/main grid and any local grids defined in the
simulation.
2. To select a grid for display, click on the grid name using MB1.
3. After the desired grids have been selected, click on OK or Apply to complete
the grid display process.
The OK button applies your selections and closes the form. The Apply button
applies your selections without closing the form.
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In Figure below, a data file containing a locally refined grid was loaded into the
software. Then the ROOT grid was highlighted on the Active LGR list to make
the ROOT grid active and the locally refined grid inactive. Then Shrink Cell was
done for X and Y to shrink the cells of the ROOT grid. Displayed LGR was
selected on the Grid menu and the ROOT grid was highlighted and selected for
display (the locally refined grid is no longer visible). The area of interest was then
enlarged in the display window by using MB3 to zoom in on a particular part of
the ROOT grid.
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1. Select Display Options on the Grid menu. This opens the Grid Display
Options panel.
❑ Show Outline. When selected, the outline around the entire reservoir will
be displayed. This is more visible when the grid lines are turned off. The
default setting for this value is OFF.
❑ Show Faces. When selected, the data for each reservoir cell is displayed
as a color filled polygon. When off, the grid structure appears without fill,
so you can see the entire grid structure at a glance The default setting for
this value is ON.
❑ Show Grid. When selected, the outlines of the grid cells will be
displayed. This helps the user identify the grid patterns and the individual
cells. The default setting for this value is ON.
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❑ Show Cutting-Plane Grid. When selected, the outlines of the grid cells
will be displayed for the cutting plane. This helps the user identify the
location of the cutting plane, if any. The default setting for this value is
ON.
❑ Clip Grid. When selected, the grid outline is not displayed for reservoir
cells which have been clipped. If Clip Grid is not selected, the entire grid
outline is displayed even when cells have been clipped out (see “Clipping
and Sectioning the Reservoir Model Grid” on page 4-100). The default
setting for this value is ON.
❑ Shrink Grid. When selected, the cell grids will shrink in conjunction
with the data as specified by the X/Y/Z Shrink option (see Shrink Cell
option on the Grid menu). If this option is not selected, the cell grid size
remains unchanged as the data size shrinks. The default setting for this
value is ON.
❑ Use Radial Grid. This function is available for radial models that have a
RCOR (radial corner point) array defined. The output of the RCOR array
is defined by the simulation. When selected, radial local grid refinements
(LGRs) will be displayed using curved grid lines rather than straight lines.
3. Use the slider controls to adjust the grid face opacity or the thickness and
color of grid lines.
❑ Grid Face Opacity. Lets you progressively make the grid face color more
or less opaque. As you move the slider left, this makes the color less
opaque so you can see the underlying grid structure showing through.
Moving it all the way to the left makes the faces totally transparent.
❑ Grid Line Thickness. Lets you change the thickness of the grid lines at
the grid face intersections.
❑ Grid Line Color. Lets you interactively adjust the color of the grid lines.
5. Any time before pressing Apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
6. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
The following example shows a reservoir which has a specified set of values for
grid clipping (specified using the Grid/Clip option). Using Clip Grid allows you
to turn the grid clipping on or off.
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Grid and Data Displayed Only for Values Greater than 0.05
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■ Grid Clip. You can remove or “clip” cells from the displayed grid by
specifying the low or high limits for cell coordinates in each of the three
dimensions (X, Y, and Z).
■ Grid Step. You can specify an interval between which layers or rows of cells
will not be displayed. For example, you may only want to display every third
row of cells in the X direction.
■ Face Clip. You can remove any of the six faces of the cells. For example, you
may want to remove the top faces of the cells to be able to look into the top of
the gridblocks.
This section contains procedures and examples that will help you achieve each of
these effects.
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Before you can achieve any of the desired cross-section effects, you must
understand the layer numbering method used by the program. The following
diagram will help you understand this concept.
X
High Y, Low X and Z Y
(Cell 1,5,1)
Z
This example is for a 5 x 5 x 5 grid, which is five layers thick, five cells wide and
five cells deep. As shown in this example, the coordinates of each cell depend on
its relative position in the grid. In a 5x5x5 grid, the first corner cell in the top layer
has the coordinates (1,1,1). The cell on the diagonally opposite corner and lowest
layer has the coordinates (5,5,5). All the cells in between have different
coordinates depending on their relative location in the X, Y, or Z direction. Notice
in this diagram that the top layer is always Layer 1 (i.e., Zone 1) and the layer
numbers increase with depth. Notice also that each grid cell has a series of faces,
which can be called the front, back, left, right, and top or bottom face.
The Grid/Clip feature lets you use this coordinate system to specify exact ranges
of cells to be included or excluded from the display. This includes the grid clip,
grid fence, and grid step options described earlier. Use the following procedures to
apply logical clipping. Complete examples are provided at the end of the
procedure.
1. For better data visibility, you may want to use the Scale option on the View-
Point menu first, to adjust the Z-direction scale and thickness.
2. Select Clip from the Grid menu. This displays the Grid Clip panel shown
below.
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3. If you want to experiment with various settings and see how they change the
display, turn on the Auto button at the bottom of the panel.
4. Select the appropriate clipping effects from each of the major areas on the
Logical Clip panel:
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❑ Grid Clip. This set of controls removes or “clips” cells from the
displayed grid. You can use the sliders to specify the low or high factors
for cells in each of the three dimensions (X, Y, and Z). The left slider for
any dimension controls the low value and the right slider controls the high
value. Cells with a vertex outside of the high/low range will be removed
from the display when you click OK or Apply (or automatically if the
Auto button is toggled on).
For examples of grid clipping, see page 4-105 and page 4-106.
❑ Grid Fence. This set of controls displays a “fenced” group of cells in the
X, Y, or Z direction. A fence is a row of cells in one direction. To set this
parameter, use either of the settings to control high or low values in each
dimension. The left slider for any dimension controls the low value and
the right slider controls the high value. For example, if the high X value is
set to 20 and the low X value is set to 10, only rows 10 through 20 in the
X direction will be displayed. If any dimensions are not fenced, all rows
of that dimension will appear, but only within the constraints of the
dimensions that are fenced.
Setting high and low values to the same layer number (i.e., touching) for
X, Y, and Z causes a cross-section to be displayed for one X, one Y, and
one Z layer. For examples of fencing, see page 4-106.
❑ Grid Step. This set of controls lets you specify an interval to be used for
eliminating layers or rows of cells. For example, supposed you only want
to display “every third row” in the X and Y direction, opening up holes in
the model that let you see cross sections at regular intervals. You could do
this by setting Step X and Step Y to 3. Grid Step is constrained by
selections made under Grid Clip and will display layers in the Grid Step
increment starting with the Low Clip layer to the High Clip layer.
❑ Faces.These buttons control the display of various grid cell faces, for
better visibility through the model. Turn the various faces on or off as
desired by clicking the toggle buttons.
❑ Exclusive Clip. When you turn on this button, the clipping selections
specified by Step, Fence, and/or Clip will be reversed. That is, all grid
cells displayed before will be removed from display and the previously
hidden grid cells will be displayed.
❑ Clip to Grids. When a subset of a root grid is selected for display and this
option is active, the maximum extent of the displayed grid will be
centered in the 3D window.
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❑ Cross Section. Turning on this toggle button causes the High/Low Fence
values to be synchronized in both the X and Y direction. This limits the
model to a single X and single Y layer. You can then change any of the
High/Low Fence controls for X or Y and the corresponding fence control
will change with it. For example, if Cross Section is turned on, you can
increase the High X Fence value and the Low X Fence value will also
increase automatically in lock step.
❑ Fence Step. This controls the display of multiple repetitive layers, rows,
or columns in a fence pattern. For example, if Step X is set to 5 and Step
Y is set to 5 then with Fence Step inactive, only the intersecting cells for
every fifth X slice and every fifth Y slice will be displayed. By activating
Fence Step after Step X and Y have been set to 5, every fifth layer in both
the X and Y directions will be completely displayed.
6. Click the Apply button to test various control settings on the display, or turn
on the Auto button to have each setting applied automatically (this may slow
down the process on complex drawings).
7. If the Apply or Auto features have not been used, you can click the Reset
button at any time to change the settings back they way they were when you
opened the form.
8. When you are finished using the Logical Clip feature, click the OK button to
apply your last settings and close the Logical Clip form. Or click Cancel to
close the form without applying your last settings.
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In Figure below, High Z Clip and Low Z Clip have been set to the same number
(i.e., both set to five) to remove all but one layer from display.
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In Figure below, a High Y Clip has been specified to remove the display of data
from the desired number of layers in the Y direction. Clip Grid on the Grid/
Display Options panel has been turned off so the entire grid will be displayed.
High Y and Low Y correspond to the simulation numbering, which normally will
be opposite of physical High Y and Low Y.
In Figure below, the sliders have been used to set High X Fence and Low X
Fence to the same layer number. This displays only the specified X Layer. The
same procedure was used for High Y Fence, Low Y Fence, High Z Fence, and
Low Z Fence. By setting the high and low fences to the same number in each
direction, only that layer number will be displayed. If several layers in any
direction are desired, the high and low number should cover a range (i.e., High X
Fence set to 10 and Low X Fence set to 5 would display layers 5-10 in the X
direction).
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For the picture on the left the following settings were used, High X Fence = 4,
Low X Fence = 4, High Y Fence = 3, Low Y Fence = 3, High Z Fence = 3 and
Low Z Fence = 3.
For the picture on the right, High and Low X Fence and Y Fence values are the
same as in the left picture, but Low Z Fence was left at one and High Z Fence was
left at the upper Z layer (for this picture High Z was set to 3). This results in only
the Z layer cells contained in the specified X and Y layers being displayed.
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In Figure below, Step X was set to 3 to display every third layer in the
X direction.
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In Figure below, Step Y was set to 3 to display every third layer in the
Y direction.
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Stepped Grid
In Figure below, both Step X and Step Y are set to 3. This results in a display of
the intersecting cells for every third X layer and every third Y layer.
Fence Step
In Figure below, with both Step X and Step Y set at 3, the Fence Step toggle was
activated. This displays every third X and third Y layer in its entirety.
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Zoom to Clip
In Figure , the top picture shows a reservoir with a High X Clip and a High Y
Clip set to 3. In the bottom picture, the Zoom to Clip toggle has been activated to
enlarge the remaining cells to fill the display area. (If the reservoir disappears
from the window, bring up the Translate panel under the View-Point menu and
reset the X, Y, and Z translate sliders to zero. This will re-center the reservoir in
the viewing area.)
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Exclusive Clip
In Figure below, the Grid Clip sliders have been used to select specific layers.
After selection, these layers typically are not displayed. However, when the
Exclusive Clip toggle is turned on, the effect is reversed and the layers previous
excluded are now displayed. In this example the following settings were used:
High X Clip = 8
Low X Clip = 3
High Y Clip = 10
Low Y Clip = 3
High Z Clip = 2
Low Z Clip = 1
Cut-In View #1
In Figure , Grid Clip settings were again specified and the Exclusive Clip toggle
was turned on, but different layers were selected. In this example the following
settings were used:
High X Clip = 6
Low X Clip = 1
High Y Clip = 10
Low Y Clip = 4
High Z Clip = 2
Low Z Clip = 1
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Cut-In View #2
In Figure below, X and Y Grid Clip options were set, but the Z Grid Clip
options were not. The selected layers were removed from display and Exclusive
Clip was turned on to redisplay only the selected layers. In this example the
following settings were used:
High X Clip = 8
Low X Clip = 3
High Y Clip = 8
Low Y Clip = 3
High Z Clip = 3
Low Z Clip = 1
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In Figure below, High and Low Clips were specified for X, Y, and Z and
Exclusive Clip was turned on. Since Layer 3 (the bottom Z layer) was not
displayed prior to selecting Exclusive Clip, the new display resulted in Z layer 3
being completely displayed. In this example the following settings were used:
High X Clip = 9
Low X Clip = 2
High Y Clip = 9
Low Y Clip = 2
High Z Clip = 2
Low Z Clip = 1
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In Figure , the upper picture was created by specifying a Low X Clip, Low Y
Clip, High Z Clip and Low Z Clip to select the desired layers. The Exclusive
Clip was turned on to display these selected layers.
Face Clipping
Figure shows the effect of face clipping using the Grid/Clip option. In the top
picture, Front Face was turned off thereby removing the front cell faces for
viewing the wells through the reservoir. For the bottom picture, Back Face was
turned off, front face was turned back on, and the reservoir was rotated to view the
wells through the reservoir from another angle.
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NOTE: Often, when clipping faces, it is necessary to enable two-side faces (under
Rendering options).
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Clip Children
Figure 4-23 shows the effect of the Clip Children toggle on a model with locally
refined grids. In the top picture Clip Children is turned on, and in the bottom
picture Clip Children is turned off. For both pictures, “Active Grids (Clipping)”
is set to ROOT.
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1. Select the Cross Section option on the Grid menu. This displays the Cross
Section panel.
2. Select the type of cross section desired from the pull-down menu at the upper
right. For instance, X Slice will let you see one X plane at a time, whereas X-
Y Slice will let you see a combined X and Y Plane.
3. Select the plane you want to view by moving the Plane slider (or type in the
desired plane number below the slider). If you selected X-Y Slice in the
previous step, you can also set the Y-Plane slider to indicate the desired Y-
plane cross section.
4. To step across the model a plane at a time, turn on the Auto button, then click
to the left or right of the slider(s). Otherwise, you can use the Apply button
after each move of the slider.
5. To remove the cross section effect before closing this panel, click the Reset
button.
6. When you are finished using this panel, click the OK button to close it.
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Expanding Cells
The Expand Cell feature lets you expand the overall size of the reservoir in each
direction by increasing the space between layers/cells by a specified amount. Use
the following procedure:
1. Select Expand Cell from the Grid menu. This displays the Expand Cell panel
shown below.
3. Turn on the Leave Gap toggle button if you want to leave a gap between the
cells. This way, the cells will remain the same size but the model expansion
will be accomplished by inserting a gap between cells. Otherwise, the cells
themselves will expand proportionally to fill the expanded volume.
4. Click the Apply button to test various control settings on the display, or turn
on the Auto button to have each setting applied automatically (this may slow
down the process on complex drawings).
5. If Apply or Auto have not been used, you can click the Reset button at any
time to change the form back to its original settings.
6. When you are finished using the Expand feature, click the OK button to apply
your last settings and close the Expand Cell dialog. Or click Cancel to close
the form without applying your last settings.
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Shrinking Cells
The Shrink Cell feature lets you shrink the overall size of the reservoir in each
direction by decreasing the space between layers/cells by a specified amount. Use
the following procedure:
1. Select Shrink Cell from the Grid menu. This displays the Shrink Cell panel.
3. Click the Apply button to test various control settings on the display, or turn
on the Auto button to have each setting applied automatically (this may slow
down the process on complex drawings).
4. If Apply or Auto have not been used, you can click the Reset button at any
time to change the form back to its original settings.
5. When you are finished using the Shrink feature, click the OK button to apply
your last settings and close the Shrink dialog. Or click Cancel to close the
form without applying your last settings.
In Figure below, Shrink Cell has been selected from the Grid menu and the
sliders for X Shrink and Y Shrink have been set to 0.50 for both. Shrink Grid
Lines is active on the Grid/Display Options menu, which results in shrinkage of
the reservoir grid along with the reservoir cells. Using MB3 the area of interest
has been zoomed in on the display window.
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In Figure , the Shrink Grid Lines option has been turned off on the Grid/Display
Options menu. X Shrink and Y Shrink have both been set to 0.50. This shrinks the
individual reservoir cells but leaves the reservoir grid outlining the original cell
sizes unchanged.
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In the following example, all cell faces have been selected for data value display
(by default all cell faces are turned on). The resulting display shows the value of
the variable being viewed for each cell of the reservoir.
1. Select Block Values from the Grid menu. This displays the following dialog
box for selecting the cell faces on which to display the values for the data
variables.
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2. Turn on the Auto toggle button if you want to test the results of various
settings while you work.
3. Turn off any Faces you do not want to use for display of cell block values.
4. Click the Block Value Display button to turn on the display of cell block
values.
5. Use the slider for Hardcopy Text Size to control the size of the text displayed
on the cell faces when running in X11 mode or for hardcopy prints.
This will not affect the size of the text in the display window unless the
program is being run in X11 mode.
6. If the Auto button is not on, click the Apply button to see how the settings
look.
7. Any time before pressing Apply, you can press Reset to reset the values to
their original settings.
8. If the settings are acceptable, click the OK button to save them and close this
panel. Otherwise, click Cancel to close without saving.
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Viewing IsoSurfaces
The normal grid model shows the grid cells in clusters, without regard to their
value. You can clip cells from the model in the X, Y, and Z direction, but this type
of clipping does nothing more than “slice and dice” physical regions of the model.
A different type of visualization feature lets you create a surface of constant value,
or isosurface, so that you can easily see which parts of the model have achieved a
certain threshold.
For instance, the following illustration shows a model which has been rendered
semi-opaque using the Grid/Display options feature, then painted with isosurfaces
representing the occurrence of 85 percent oil saturation.
Once you have data values represented inside the model this way, you may want
to step the model through various timesteps to see how the isosurfaces propagated
through the model over time. To use this feature, take the following steps:
1. Set up the model view for maximum visibility of the surface that will be
viewed. For instance, you might:
❑ Use the Grid/Clip option to remove portions of the regular grid cell
display.
❑ Use the Grid Face Opacity setting under Grid/Display Options to make
grid cells semi-opaque, so you will be able to see the isosurfaces inside of
them.
2. Select the IsoSurface option on the Grid menu. This displays the IsoSurface
panel.
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IsoSurface Panel
3. Turn on the Auto button if you want to test how various settings on this panel
will affect the model display.
6. Set the Value slider to the desired value you want to view in the model. You
can also type in the value manually on this panel.
7. Select whether you want the surfaces to be Color or Gray. If you select the
Color option, the isosurfaces will retain normal color-coding. If you select the
Gray option, the isosurfaces will be displayed in shades of gray which you can
adjust using the Gray Color slider.
8. If desired, adjust the model to display different time steps during the
simulation, so you can see how the selected data setting propagates through
the model over time.
9. When finished viewing the isosurfaces, you can turn them off using the
IsoSurface Visible check box.
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When the program attempts to display an iso-surface in the interior of the model
that may not be visible, the user is prompted with the following dialog panel:
■ Set Grid Face Opacity To 0.25. This automatically changes the setting for
Grid Face Opacity under Display Options from 1.0 to 0.25. With this new
setting the model will be transparent, allowing the user to view the iso-
surface. Grid Face Opacity can then be reset to the any desirable value by the
user by selecting “Display Options” from the “grid” pulldown menu.
■ Turn Off Grid Faces/Grid Lines. This automatically turns off the settings
for Show Faces and Show Grid under Display Options. This will allow the
iso-surface to be clearly visible by disabling the drawing of the rest of the
model. Grid Faces/Grid Lines can then be turned back on by the user by
selecting Display Options from the Grid pulldown menu.
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WARNING: This feature will not work unless your model contains flow data.
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1. Select the scene for which you want to display flow vectors.
2. Select the Flow Vectors option on the Grid menu. This displays the Flow
Panel for the current scene, as shown in Figure .
Flow Panel
4. Turn on the Flow Vectors toggle at the top of the panel, then select the
Viewing Options from the panel that pops up. You can use this panel to
quickly prepare the model for easier viewing of the flow vectors by either
setting the grid face opacity to 25 percent of normal fill, or turning off grid
faces and lines completely.
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5. Use the Flow Panel options shown in the following table to adjust the display
of the flow vectors for maximum visibility. If you have the Auto turned on,
you will see any change in these settings immediately. Otherwise, you can use
the Apply button at any time to apply your changes.
Option Purpose
Draw Cone If the selected display method is Cones, this toggle lets you turn
Bottoms the display of cone bottoms on or off. You may want to turn off
the display of cone bottoms for a better visual effect, especially
if the bottoms are particularly wide.
Layer Clicking here allows you to turn flow vectors on or off for differ-
Grouping ent layers and different model components. See “Layer Group-
ing” on page 4-132 for details.
Scaling Meth- Select whether you want the flow vectors to be scaled using lin-
ods ear, logarithmic, or power law scaling. Linear scaling is based
on relative flow. Log scaling is based on the log of the flow
magnitude. Smaller flow rates will have comparatively larger
cones or vectors using this method, as compared to linear.
Power Law scaling is relative to the flow magnitude, to the
power set using the additional slider. When the slider is set to
1.00 (all the way to the right), this is the same as Linear scaling.
A value of 0.0 gives all vectors the same size.
Oil/Water/ If the model has multiple fluid components, you can select the
Gas/1Phase component for which you want to display flow vectors.
Phase Proper- Depending on the selection above under Oil/Water/etc., you can
ties click here and set the Flow Color and Minimum Visible Flow.
Use the Flow Color sliders to control the actual color of the flow
vector cones or arrows. Use the Minimum Visible Flow slider if
you want to create a cutoff value below which flow will not be
shown. For instance, very small flows may not be important to
you, and you may want to avoid having computer resources used
to draw them.
Max. Cone Controls the relative size of the flow vectors in relation to the
Size/ Cone model cells.
Scale
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Option Purpose
Cone Sides This controls the shape of the flow vectors. For instance, setting
this to 4 will produce a four-sided cone. Setting it to higher num-
bers produces a smoother looking cone (or arrow), but may
cause the model redrawing speed to slow down.
6. When you are finished setting the flow vector parameters, click the OK
button to apply your most recent settings and close the panel. You can use the
Cancel button any time to close the panel without applying your most recent
settings. Or you can use the Reset button to change the panel settings back to
their original values.
The flow vector positions coincide with the cell positions. If cell faces are visible,
this will hide the display of the flow vectors. For better visibility of the flow
vectors you may want to try these other options available on different menus and
panels:
■ Use the Grid/Clip option to remove portions of the regular grid cell display.
■ Use the Data/TimeStep option to advance the Time Step on the simulation to
a point where flow is known to occur. By default, the time step is set to the
beginning of the simulation, and flow has not started yet. You will not be able
to see flow vectors unless the current time step has measurable flow data.
■ Use the View-Point/Lights option to turn on the Lighting feature. The flow
vectors (especially cones) will be visible more easily with lighting turned on.
■ Use the MB2 mouse button to rotate the model to a position where the flow
can be viewed most easily. Typically, viewing the model from the top may
work best.
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When the program attempts to display flow vectors in the interior of the model
that may not be visible, the user is prompted with the following dialog panel:
■ Set Grid Face Opacity To 0.25. This automatically changes the setting for
Grid Face Opacity under Display Options from 1.0 to 0.25. With this new
setting the model will be transparent, allowing the user to view the flow
vectors. Grid Face Opacity can then be reset to the any desirable value by the
user by selecting Display Options from the Grid pulldown menu.
■ Turn Off Grid Faces/Grid Lines. This automatically turns off the settings
for Show Faces and Show Grid under Display Options. This will allow the
flow vectors to be clearly visible by disabling the drawing of the rest of the
model. Grid Faces/Grid Lines can then be turned back on by the user by
selecting Display Options from the Grid pulldown menu.
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Layer Grouping
The following panel pops up when you select Layer Grouping on the Flow Panel.
You can use this panel to turn flow vector display on or off for various model
components and layers. To change the display status of any model phase/layer,
move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to be changed, hold down the right
mouse button, and select the On or Off option from the pop-up menu that appears.
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To get started with the tracer tracking feature, follow these steps:
This dialog box shows the basic settings for each of the tracers in the model,
including the tracer Name, the Symbol and Color used to display the tracer,
and whether the Clip to Grid option is turned on for each tracer. The example
above shows the tracer options for a model with four tracers.
2. To show or hide tracers, use the View Tracers check box at the top of this
panel, then click the Apply button to apply the change.
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➺ Particles. This column lets you view a second table showing tracer
details. For a complete procedure, see “Viewing Tracer Details” on
page 4-135.
➺ Color. Right-click on any tracer particle color that you want to change. A
pop-up menu lets you select a new color. Default tracer colors are red for
gas, blue for water and green for oil.
➺ Clip to Grid? By default, tracers will still display even when you clip the
grid (Clip To Grid = no). If you want tracer displays to be clipped along
with the grid, right-click the appropriate cell and select the Yes option.
4. Select the appropriate radio button to indicate your preference for viewing
tracer particles:
➺ View Particle Fronts (default) lets you view the current position of each
particle at the currently selected timestep. It redraws each particle
location as you move through time.
➺ View Particle Paths does not redraw the view for each timestep. Instead
it shows the path of each particle through all timesteps, so you can see a
continuous path for the particle through time. This method is slower
because 3DVIEW has to draw every one of the fronts.
5. If you selected View Particle Paths in the last step and you want to show all
possible paths between the particles, turn on the Connect Particles checkbox.
➺ Apply to apply your settings above and leave this panel open.
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1. Make sure the Tracer Properties dialog box is displayed. If not, select Grid ➛
Tracers.
2. Find the tracer record for which you want to view more details, then click in
the Details column to display the Tracer Particles detail panel.
This display shows detailed data for each particle in the tracer record. Each
line of the table represents a separate particle, including the following data:
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➺ Grid Name. The name of the grid in which the particle is located. This is
“ROOT” unless the particle lies within a local grid refinement (LGR), in
which case the LGR name is shown.
By default every particle is drawn. You can turn individual particles on or off
by right clicking the appropriate cell of the Draw column and selecting Yes/
No from the pop-up menu. To control display of the entire particle list, right
click on the Draw column heading and select Yes/No for the whole column.
3. Change the sliders in the lower half of the panel to indicate your preferences
for drawing particles:
➺ Beginning Particle. The first particle to be drawn for this tracer. For
instance, if you set this slider to 200, the tracer display will begin at
particle 200 and all previous particles will not be drawn.
➺ Particle Increment. Use the slider to indicate the increment for drawing
particles. For instance, if you set this slider to 50, 3DVIEW will draw
every 50th particle and ignore the others.
These two settings work together to constrain the display of particles. For
instance, if you select a Beginning Particle of 200 and a Particle Increment of
50, 3DVIEW will begin the display at particle 200 and show every fiftieth
particle starting from there. The column labeled Draw? will be adjusted to
show which particles will be drawn (yes in column) and which will not (no in
column).
4. Change the Relative Particle Size if you want tracer particles to appear larger
or smaller in the model display.
5. You can also change whether or not individual particles are drawn by right-
clicking the Draw? column and selecting yes or no from the pop-up menu.
6. When finished, click the appropriate button at the bottom of this panel:
➺ Apply to apply your settings above and leave this panel open.
Closing the panel redisplays the Tracer Properties dialog box, covered earlier
in this section (see “Setting Basic Tracer Options” on page 4-133).
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1. Open the Timestep panel (Data ➛ Timesteps) and review the tracer options
in the lower half of the panel.
This panel lets you control the time-related view of both map and tracer data.
You can step the model through time for the map and tracers independently, or
in a synchronized fashion. If the model contains no tracer data, you will not
see the tracer options shown here.
2. To view individual tracer records in the model, move the Tracer Record
slider, then examine the tracer display in the 3DVIEW main window.
3. To view tracer positions at a specific point in time, move the Time in Days
slider or type in the desired day for which you want to view tracer positions.
Watch how this changes the tracer display in the 3DVIEW main window.
4. Normally, 3DVIEW will show only the actual tracer records in the model,
which are produced at specific timesteps as defined in the VIP-EXEC
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keyword input data file (*r.dat). If you want 3DVIEW to interpolate the data
for intermediate timesteps, turn on the Interpolate Data checkbox.
5. To synchronize time-related views of both the map data (oil saturations, etc.)
and tracer data, turn on the Synchronize Map/Tracer checkbox. This causes
both Time in Days sliders to synchronize. If you move either slider, both
sliders will move together.
6. Click OK to close this panel when you are finished viewing tracer movement.
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■ Contour shading averages the data value across the face of a cell based on
the data values at the four corner points of the cell and vary the display color
across the face of the cell accordingly. This tends to produce a more gradual
color change between cells.
■ Block fill will color the face of every cell based on the data value at the center
of the cell. This tends to produce a sharper color change between cells.
For example, the following illustration shows a reservoir displayed with Contour
shading across the cell faces.
To control the shading, use the Contour option on the Grid menu and select the
desired shading type from the submenu.
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completely different way, by tracing a path through the grid and having the
program section the grid along those lines. For instance, the following illustration
shows a model which has been cut in a zig-zag pattern using the Cutting Planes
feature.
The Cutting Plane feature lets you add, modify, or remove cutting planes from the
model. The following procedures explain how.
You can describe a new cutting plane in the model, either by tracing from point to
point in the model, by tracing along cell center-tops, or by tracing from well-to-
well. Regardless of the method used, you will need to take the following steps:
1. Set up the model view for maximum visibility of the surface that will be used
to describe the cutting plane. Normally, this will be a view that exposes the
top surface of the model. If you plan to cut along wells, make sure the wells
are set in perspective for maximum visibility
2. Select the Cutting Plane option on the Grid menu, then select Add from the
submenu. This displays the Add Cut panel.
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3. Select one of the three options on this panel and click the Add Plane button
(or click the Cancel button to quit without selecting a cutting plane.
❑ Cut Along Point lets you trace points that the plane will intersect.
❑ Cut Along Cell TopCenter lets you trace cells that the plane will
intersect.
❑ Cut Along Wells lets you trace wells that the plane will intersect.
This displays the appropriate Cutting Plane Trace panel for picking points,
cells, or wells.
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4. Use MB1 on the mouse to click on the points, cells, or wells where the cutting
plane will intersect. As you do, the coordinates of your pick are added to the
Cutting Plane Trace panel. The result is a table of coordinates.
5. To insert or delete rows in this table, use MB1 to click on the row and click
the Insert or Delete button.
❑ Insert inserts a blank row about the current row, which you can then use
to insert a new set of coordinates by clicking a point on the model grid.
6. When you are finished selecting all points, cells, or wells, click the Cut
button. This traces a cutting plane through the grid.
7. Use the Grid/Clip option, as desired, to peel back sections of the model and
see the cutting plane exposed. You will see an actual slice of data as it follows
along the cutting plane.
When the program attempts to display a cutting plane in the interior of the model
that may not be visible, the user is prompted with the following dialog panel:
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■ Set Grid Face Opacity To 0.25. This automatically changes the setting for
Grid Face Opacity under Display Options from 1.0 to 0.25. With this new
setting the model will be transparent, allowing the user to view the cutting
planes. Grid Face Opacity can then be reset to the any desirable value by the
user by selecting Display Options from the Grid pulldown menu.
■ Turn Off Grid Faces/Grid Lines. This automatically turns off the settings
for Show Faces and Show Grid under Display Options. This will allow the
cutting planes to be clearly visible by disabling the drawing of the rest of the
model. Grid Faces/Grid Lines can then be turned back on by the user by
selecting Display Options from the Grid pulldown menu.
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Once you have defined one or more cutting planes, you can easily modify them by
using the following procedure.
1. Select the Cutting Plane option on the Grid menu, then select Modify from
the submenu. This displays the Modify Cut panel.
3. Make sure the plane is highlighted, then click the Modify button in the
Modify Cut panel. This displays the Cutting Plane Trace panel for the selected
cutting plane. The panel contains a table of coordinates for the cutting plane
(Figure and Figure ).
4. To insert or delete rows in this table, use MB1 to click on the row number,
then click the Insert or Delete button.
❑ Insert inserts a blank row about the currently selected row, which you can
then use to insert a new set of coordinates by clicking a point, cell, or well
on the model grid.
5. When you are finished modifying the table, click the Cut button. This traces a
cutting plane through the grid.
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Once you have defined one or more cutting planes, you can easily delete them by
using the following procedure.
NOTE: Deleting a cutting plane does not remove any part of the reservoir model, it
simply removes the sectioning effect that is made possible by the cutting
plane.
1. Select the Cutting Plane option on the Grid menu, then select one of the
following options from the submenu:
If you select Remove/All, all cutting planes are removed automatically and
you can skip the rest of this procedure. If you select Remove/Single, this
displays the Remove Cut panel.
Make sure the plane is highlighted, then click the Remove button in the Remove
Cut panel. This automatically removes the selected cutting plane from the model.
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The slider bars for the X, Y, and/or Z coordinates may be changed to select
another cell or the cursor may be repositioned and MB1 pressed to select
another cell. The variable value and X, Y, Z coordinates for the new cell will
automatically be displayed on the Pick Panel. The selected cell will also be
outlined on the reservoir display.
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The following illustration shows a reservoir model display with multiple cells
picked. The cell is outlined and a dialog box displays the value and location for
each variable.
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1. Select the Time or Depth option from the Plot menu on the Pick Cell panel.
This displays the Plotting Window with the cell values plotted versus time or
depth, depending on your selection.
2. Use any of the available pull-down menus or pop-up menus to adjust the plot
display. The following table summarizes the available features and shows
how to activate them using various controls in the Plotting Window. Notice
that these features are identical to the plotting features in Landmark’s
PlotView application.For more details on using each of these features, see the
PlotView User’s Guide.
Printing Lets you print the current plot display Select Print option on File menu.
to a PostScript printer.
Attribute settings Lets you view all current attributes for Select Trace or Axis from the Plots
plot traces and axis annotation and reset menu, then use MB3 to pop-up avail-
them. able options for any attribute.
Title, legend Lets you set up a title or legend inside Select Attributes option from the Plots
the window. menu. Or use MB3 in plot window to
select this option.
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Fonts Lets you set fonts for title, legend, and Select Fonts from the Plots menu. Or
axis labels. use MB3 in plot window to select this
option.
Colors Lets you set the foreground and back- Select Color from the Plots menu.
ground colors for the display.
Plot sizing Lets you set the height and width of the Select Size option from the Plots menu.
plot display, in pixels.
Menu toggle Lets you toggle the menus on or off, so Hold down MB3 in plot window and
that the plot takes up more of the dis- select Menus.
play.
Axis Limits Lets you control how the limits of each Hold down MB3 in axis annotation area
axis are computed (data = compute and select Axis Limits option.
from data min/max, auto=auto adjust,
freeze=do not auto adjust).
Axis notation Lets you select whether axis notation Hold down MB3 in axis annotation area
will be exponential, floating (decimal), and select Notation option.
integers, or dynamic (best fit).
Axis precision Lets you set the precision for floating Hold down MB3 in axis annotation area
point axis notation. You can increase and select Precision option.
the precision a digit at a time.
Minimize axis Lets you minimize the current axis dis- Hold down MB3 in axis annotation area
play. and select Minimize option.
Opposite Lets you move the axis annotation to Hold down MB3 in axis annotation area
the opposite side of the plot. and select Opposite option.
Close Lets you close the Plotting Windows. Select Close from the File menu or use
MB3 in plot window to select this
option.
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Picking Wells
Depending on the setting for mouse buttons on the control panel, you can use the
mouse cursor to select a well of interest. When the mouse is positioned on a well
and the appropriate mouse button is clicked (as defined in the control panel), the
well will be highlighted. The mouse can also be enabled to pick multiple wells.
1. Pick the well(s) for which you want to plot data values. To pick multiple
wells, click on each well using the appropriate mouse button defined in the
3DVIEW control panel. The default mouse button is Ctrl-MB3 for picking
single wells and Shift-MB3 for picking multiple wells.
2. Select the PlotView option from the Wells menu. This displays the Well Plot
panel.
3. Select the values to be plotted along the Left and Right Axis (Y), and along
the X Axis. You can plot multiple values along either the Left or Right Axis
by control-clicking the desired values. Use the Deselect All buttons, if
needed, to clear your selections from either column.
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4. Use the next row of buttons to control the way properties are plotted in the
PlotView window. The options are summarized below:
Create Plot Lets you create a new set of plots for the selected property(ies)
and well(s).
...Single Plot Creates a new plot showing all selected properties for all
picked wells. For example, if you selected two properties and
picked three wells, you will see a single plot with six different
traces on it.
...By Well Creates a separate plot for each well, showing all selected
properties plotted for that well. For example, if you selected
two properties and picked three wells, you will see three sepa-
rate plots with two traces on each.
...By Property Creates a separate plot for each selected property showing all
picked wells. For example, if you selected two properties and
picked three wells, you will see two separate plots, with three
traces on both.
Add Lets you add more properties to the current set of plots. If the
plots are not already created, it creates them.
...By Well Adds newly selected properties to the existing well plot(s).
...By Property Creates new plots for each of the additionally selected proper-
ties.
Replace Lets you replace plotted properties in the existing plots with
newly selected properties.
...Current Replaces the left or right axis values in the currently focused
plot window with new values selected from the Well Plot
panel. Be sure to select the plot to be affected before making
this selection. You can focus on a plot by clicking in the center
of the plot window.
...By Well Replaces the left or right axis values in the well plot(s) with
new properties selected from the Well Plot panel.
...By Property Replaces existing property plots with new properties selected
from the Well Plot panel.
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...By Well Deletes all the plots previously created “by well.”
...By Property Deletes any existing plots for the currently selected properties
in the Well Plot panel.
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5. When you are finished plotting wells, use the OK button when you are
finished using this window.
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Chapter
5
Hardcopy Output
Introduction
Various print options in 3DVIEW and 2DVIEW let you produce different types of
graphics output files for use in hardcopy printing, computer presentations, and
video displays. You can customize the hardcopy output in various ways. For
example, you can:
This chapter explains how to use these various output formats to produce printed
hardcopy and presentations.
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■ The aspect ratio for converting model scale to hardcopy output scale.
This section explains how to use the Print Options menu for these various
purposes.
1. Make sure the model display for which you are setting this feature is the
current active window. If not, click on the desired window to bring it to the
front.
2. Choose the Print Options selection on the Display menu, then select
Hardcopy from the submenu. This displays the following panel:
3. Select the kind of borders you want to appear on the hardcopy output. If the
toggle button is on (highlighted), the corresponding border type will appear
on the hardcopy. If the toggle button is off, the corresponding border type will
be hidden.
❑ Grid Window Borders. This controls whether or not the borders on the
current model display window will appear on hardcopy output.
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The following figure shows the difference in output when you activate borders
(they are activated in the top figure and deactivated at bottom).
Grid
window
border
BORDERS
ACTIVATED
Spectrum
window
border
BORDERS
DEACTIVATED
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1. Make sure the 2DVIEW model display for which you are setting this feature
is the current active window. If not, click on the desired window to bring it to
the front.
2. Choose the Print Options selection on the Display menu, then select Fixed
Scale from the submenu. This displays the following panel:
3. Use the first toggle button, Conform to Fixed Scale, to turn this feature on or
off for the current display window. If off, skip the next two steps.
5. Set the Fixed Scale slider to indicate the number of feet or meters per inch
that will be scaled per inch of hardcopy output. For example, if you turn on
the feet/inch button and set this slider at 5000, then every 5000 feet of model
distance will appear an inch wide on hardcopy output.
6. Click the Apply button if you want to apply the settings and leave this panel
open, or click OK to apply the settings and close this panel.
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NOTE: Anytime before using the Apply button, you can use the Reset button to
change the panel back to its original settings. Or you can use Cancel to close
this panel without changing the settings.
You can control the different types of information shown on the legend by setting
the legend options. Use the following steps if you want to set up a legend display:
1. Select the Legend option on the Display menu. This displays the following
panel:
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2. Click the Legend Panel button at the top of this panel to turn the legend
option on or off. The legend will not display at all unless this option is turned
on.
NOTE: If a legend is already displayed for the current model, you will not be able to
change the selections on this panel until you turn it off. Once you have made
the desired changes, you can turn the legend back on.
3. To change any options on this panel, turn off the Legend Panel toggle and
make the changes. The information types are listed in the following table.
Legend Options
Text 1/2/3 Up to three lines of customized text can appear on the legend.
You must turn on the toggle button for each line and enter the
text in the field to the right of the toggle.
Viewing Scales Shows the scale options selected from the View-Point menu.
Viewing Angles Shows the current viewing angle of the model display (not
available for 2DVIEW).
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Clip Range Shows the data clip ranges for up to three values (Clip 1,
Clip 2, or Clip 3), or you can select Clipping Ranges to show
all.
Left/Right/ Shows the min/max range on the spectrum setup for the current
Property Range model display. Select Right or Left Range to show only the
range minimum or maximum, respectively.
Well Color Shows the color-coding for each well type (shut-in, producer,
injector, etc.).
Variable 1/2/3 Shows variable(s) currently displayed (one variable for regular
displays or three variables for ternary displays).
Property Class Shows the property class currently displayed for this model.
Time Slider/Time Displays the timestep at which the model is currently set or a
time slider you can use to reset the timestep
Case Name Shows case name for the current model database.
4. Click the OK button when you are finished using this panel.
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To open the Print Selections Panel, click the Print button on the control panel.
This displays the following menu panel for controlling hardcopy output.
The procedures in this section explain how to use the different options available
on the Print selection panel.
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Output File
Format Description
Ext.
When you are finished selecting an output format for the hardcopy, you may use
any of the other selections discussed on the following pages to set up and generate
the actual hardcopy.
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2. Turn on the Fit to Page toggle button if you want the program to
automatically fit the image onto the available page area. Otherwise, you can
use other settings on this panel to control the image size.
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Regardless of which you use, the others will adjust accordingly. For example,
assuming the DPI is set to 300 and you move a pixels slider to 300, the
corresponding inches slider adjusts automatically to 1, because at 300 DPI
there are always 300 pixels for every 1 inch.
NOTE: The size for PostScript and encapsulated PostScript files should be specified
in inches. The size for image files, such as TIFF, GIF, PICT, TARGA, and
PPM, should be specified in pixels.
The Convenience Settings button lets you set the Height/Width settings
automatically based on standard output formats. If you click this button, you
will see the following menu:
❑ 8.5 x 11. Sets the output to the correct height and width to fill an 8.5-inch
by 11-inch page (American letter size).
❑ A4. Sets the output to the correct height and width to fill an A4 page
(European letter size).
❑ 11 x 17. Sets the output to the correct height and width to fill an 11-inch
by 17-inch page (double American letter size).
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❑ A3. Sets the hardcopy output to the correct height and width to fill an A3
page (double European letter size).
❑ NTSC. Sets the output to the correct height and width (640x480) to fill a
U.S. or Japanese video screen.
❑ PAL. Sets the output to the correct height and width to fill a European
video screen.
❑ SVGA. Sets the output to the correct height and width to fill a PC
computer’s Super VGA screen.
❑ 1280 x 1024. Sets the hardcopy output to the correct height and width to
fit a standard workstation graphics screen.
❑ 2048 x 1366. Sets the hardcopy output to the correct height and width to
fit a very high-resolution workstation graphics screen.
6. Click the Apply button if you want to apply the settings and leave this panel
open, or click OK to apply the settings and close this panel.
NOTE: If you have not used Apply yet, you can use the Reset button only if you
want to change the settings back to their original values, or use Cancel to
close this panel without changing the settings.
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1. Click the Options button on the Print Selection panel. This displays the Print
Rendering panel.
2. Select the appropriate Hidden Surface Removal option for rendering hidden
surfaces in the model. This option lets you control the order of model drawing
so portions of the reservoir that are hidden from view will not be displayed.
The following list ranks the available options for accuracy and speed, from
slowest/most accurate to fastest/least accurate:
❑ Painters
❑ Software Z Buffer
❑ Hardware Z Buffer
❑ Z Sort Only
❑ Spider Web
❑ No Hidden Surfaces
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For example, if you are writing to a NTSC video screen at a resolution of 640
X 480 pixels, diagonal lines may appear somewhat jagged on the output
image. Using 2x2 AntiAlias would run the image through an anti-aliasing that
smooths out the jagged edges. This is how it works:
❑ The 2x2 AntiAlias option doubles the pixel size of the image (e.g., from
640x480 to 1280x960).
❑ This results in four times the original number of pixels (two more pixels
in each dimension).
❑ The algorithm computes an average value for every block of four pixels.
❑ The end result is an image with the same number of pixels before, but in
which the pixels all represent the average pixel values of a much higher
resolution image.
A similar approach is used for 3x3 AntiAlias. While it does result in less
jagged looking images, anti-aliasing also tends to reduce the contrast in the
image and tends to “thin out” solid lines to a certain degree. To compensate
for this, you may want to increase the line thickness. Some testing may be
needed to determine what setting produces the best effect.
4. Click the Apply button if you want to apply the settings and leave this panel
open, or click OK to apply the settings and close this panel.
NOTE: If you have not used Apply yet, you can use the Reset button only if you
want to change the settings back to their original values, or use Cancel to
close this panel without changing the settings.
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Variable Description
VIPCGM Specifies the CGM printer to be used for CGM output. Set this
variable only if you want the output to go to a printer. Otherwise, it
will be appended to a file.
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The following list explains each of the toggles along the right side of the Print
Selection panel:
NOTE: Results may vary, depending on whether you have set the VIPPRINTER,
VIPPOST, or VIPCGM environment variables.
■ Scene. Saves the current scene to the specified output file. If VIPPOST or
VIPCGM are set, the current scene will be printed using the command
specified in VIPPRINTER.
■ To End. Prints the scene for the current timestep through to the maximum
timestep. If VIPPOST or VIPCGM are set, each timestep is printed separately
using the command specified in VIPPRINTER.
■ Slides. Prints all frames stored in the screen definition file which has been
specified by the Screen/Video Definition option on the control panel. If
VIPPOST or VIPCGM are set, each definition is printed separately using the
command specified in VIPPRINTER.
■ Video. Interpolates a series of images and saves them to the specified type of
graphic file, based on your entries in the Screen/Video Definition portion of
the control panel. This is typically used to produce a video sequence that
simulates continuous changes in a model over time. See “Capturing a Video
Sequence to Disk for Post-Processing” on page 185 for detailed instructions
on interpolating multiple frames of a display sequence.
WARNING: Since some of these options involve output of multiple images, they may
take a considerable amount of time to finish -- from a few minutes to several
hours. Make sure you understand the magnitude of the printing job before
using any of these options. Once an option is selected, the only way to stop it
is to kill the process in the operating system.
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Chapter
6
Animation and Video
Introduction
Both 3DVIEW and 2DVIEW offer you the ability to animate, record, and replay
different views of your simulation model. In particular, you can:
■ Animate the display so that the model automatically cycles through its
timesteps.
This chapter explains how to perform each of the tasks listed above, along with
related tasks that the program lets you perform.
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Animating a Scene
Selecting Animation on the control panel will display the following panel, which
you can use to animate a scene. Animation can include rotation as well as a cycled
display of model simulation changes over time. In 2DVIEW, rotation animation is
restricted to the 2D grid plane.
Animation Control
This panel remains open as long as you are using it to animate the model. You can
close the panel by clicking the OK button. The following options are available for
animating the model.
Continuous Rotation
The Fling feature lets you animate the model so that it rotates continuously. You
can start the rotation by dragging the mouse pointer in the desired direction of
rotation, and you can change the relative speed of rotation. To use this feature:
1. Move the mouse pointer into the display window, hold down MB2, and drag
the mouse in the desired direction of rotation.
2. Select Fling on the Animation panel and the model image will rotate
continuously in the specified direction
3. Adjust the Refresh slider to make the rotation slower or faster. For example, a
refresh rate of 2.5 means the model will change position every 2.5 seconds.
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2. Adjust the Refresh slider as desired to make the animation run slower or
faster.
For example, a refresh rate of 2.5 provides a delay of at least 2.5 seconds
between each screen update.
3. If you want the program to automatically interpolate the model view between
timesteps, set the Interpolation slider to the number of days between views.
For example, if the simulation timesteps are 30 days apart and you set the
Interpolation slider to 15, the program will interpolate and display a model
view for every 15 days during the simulation time period (i.e., twice for each
timestep).
4. Turn off the Run option when you want to stop the animation.
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This window contains all the controls you need to capture and manipulate a series
of model displays. Each display can be saved as a separate frame in a special file
called a screen definition file (.3df). The screen definition file contains
information on the display options used to produce each frame, including the
scale, spectrum type, lighting, colors, etc. As you capture frames, the information
about each frame is displayed in a list in the center of the window. You can
rearrange the list in any sequence and control the speed and method of replay. You
can even save the screen definition file and reopen it whenever you want to play
back the frames.
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1. Select the New option from the File menu in the Video Frame Window. If
there are unsaved changes in the current file, you may see the following
message:
3. Capture video frames into the file (see “Capturing Frames into the Current
File” on page 6-180).
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1. Select the Open option from the File menu in the Video Frame Window.
2. Select the desired file to be opened from the Files list, then click the OK
button.
If you do not see the desired file, it may be in a different directory. You can
double-click the Directories list to see other directories, or type a pathname
on the top line and click the Filter button.
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1. Open the first screen definition file using the Open option as described in the
previous procedure.
The frames in this file are displayed automatically in the Video Frame Data
Table.
2. Select the Append option from the File menu in the Video Frame Window.
This displays the File Selection Box shown in the previous figure.
3. Select the screen definition file to be appended. This has a file extension of
*.3df.
The frames in the second file are added to the end of the Video Frame Data
Table. Now, if you do a File/Save or File/SaveAs, the entire list will be saved
to the original screen definition filename opened in step 1.
Saving a File
After you have captured a series of frames in the current file, it is a good idea to
save the file. Saving does not close the file, it only writes the current information
to disk. You can save a screen definition file at any point in a work session. When
you do, all frames listed in the Video Frame Data Table are saved to the file. To
use this feature:
1. Select the Save option on the File menu in the Video Frame Window.
If the file has been saved at least once before, it will be saved again
automatically when you make this selection. If this is a new file that has never
been saved before, you will see the File Selection Box shown in Figure on
page 6-178.
2. Click on the end of the Selection line, type in a filename (no prefix required)
and click the OK button. The file is saved automatically.
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1. Select the SaveAs option from the File menu in the Video Frame Window.
This displays the File Selection Box shown in Figure on page 6-178.
2. Click on the end of the Selection line, type in a filename (no prefix required)
and click the OK button. The file is saved automatically.
Closing a File
When you are finished working with a screen definition file, you can close the file
and the Video Frame Window by selecting the Close option on the File menu in
the Video Frame Window.
For instance, if you want to create a slide show, you will need to capture a
frame for each different model view you want to show, and you will be able to
replay them one-by-one. If you want to create a continuous video sequence,
you only need to capture key frames in the sequence and the program will
interpolate between them automatically to provide continuous motion.
3. Change the Default Frame Name in the lower left corner, if desired.
This is the name that will be given automatically to every frame you capture.
The default frame name is Key-Frame, but you can change this to any desired
name. You can also change frame names individually after they are added to
the list.
4. To capture each frame, select the Insert After option from the Edit menu in
the Video Frame Window.
Each time you select Insert After, the current display state is added as another
entry in the Video Frame Data Table. This list happens to represent the
sequence in which frames will be played back. For this reason, you may
occasionally want to insert a frame into the middle of the list by clicking on an
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entry and using Insert Before or Insert After. Do not be too concerned about
the overall sequence of the list, since you can use the other Edit options to
rearrange the list (as described next).
5. After capturing each frame, make your desired changes to the display before
capturing the next frame.
If you want to return to the same view more than once in a sequence, you can
use the Copy and Paste options on the Edit menu to duplicate that frame as
often as desired in the sequence.
■ Name. The name of the frame captured. By default, this name is Key-Frame
(or whatever words are entered in the Default Frame Name field at the lower
left corner of the window). You may want to change this to something more
descriptive, such as numbered names or a short descriptive title. You can also
use the Description field below for lengthier descriptions.
■ Start Time/Increment. Used to show the start time and time increment for
interpolated video sequences. For more details, see “Creating a Video
Sequence” on page 6-184.
■ Description. This field is initially blank, but you can use it to enter an
extended description of each key frame.
The order of frames in the list represents the playback sequence for slide shows
and video. Before setting up a slide show or video sequence based on the current
list of frames, you may want to reorganize the list in some way. You can
reorganize the sequence of key frames by cutting, copying, and pasting the entries
to different positions in the table, as explained in the following procedures.
Moving an Entry
2. Select the Cut option from the Edit menu in the Video Frame Window.
3. Click on the entry nearest the point where you want to move it.
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4. Select the Paste Before option if you want to paste it before the selected
entry, Paste After if you want to paste it after, or Overwrite if you want to
replace it.
Copying an Entry
Sometimes, you may want the same frame to appear at more than one point in a
sequence. If so, you can copy the frame to a different position in the table. To do
this:
2. Select the Copy option from the Edit menu in the Video Frame Window.
3. Click on the entry nearest the point where you want to copy it.
4. Select the Paste Before option if you want to paste the copy before the
selected entry, Paste After if you want to paste it after, or Overwrite if you
want to replace it.
Undeleting an Entry
You can undelete the last entry that you cut by selecting the Undelete option from
the Edit menu in the Video Frame Window. This is like the Undo option in many
other software programs.
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1. To view a selected frame, click on the frame in the list then click the View
button.
2. To view the next frame in the list, click the Next button.
3. To view the previous frame in the list, click the Previous button.
❑ Adjust the Slide Delay. This slider controls the delay between frames (in
seconds). For example, if it is set to 2, the slide show will pause two
seconds between each frame.
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The interpolation is controlled through the use of several settings in the Video
Frame Window, as discussed below:
■ Frame Decimation. This slider controls the selection of frames for viewing.
If it is set to 1, the slide show will show every frame in the list. If set to 2, the
slide show will show every other frame in the list. If set to 3, it will show
every third frame in the list, and so forth.
■ Count /Increment. These two fields are initially set to one (1) and zero (0)
respectively for each frame captured. To do a video sequence, you can change
them to reflect the desired interpolation frequency between frames. For
example, if you have captured two key frames and you want the program to
interpolate 10 frames between the first one and the next, you would set the
increment to 10 for the first frame. The count for the first key frame would
then be 1 and the count for the second key frame would be 11.
For instance, in the following sequence there are a total of 21 frames. The key
frames are at positions number 1, 11, and 21. All the other frames will be
interpolated automatically between them. The actual creation of the
interpolated frames does not occur until you press the Interpolation button.
Key Frame 1 1 10
Key Frame 2 11 10
Key Frame 3 21 0
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To set up a video sequence, make sure you have all the key frames captured that
you need to represent key model views in the sequence. Then set the interpolation
parameters accordingly as described above. Once you have the parameters set up,
you can view the video sequence inside the program or capture it to disk for post-
processing, as described in the following sections.
For a video sequence with a very large count, it may take some time to play back
the entire sequence. Depending on the speed of your hardware, the sequence may
not be able to play back in real time.
1. Click the Print button on the control panel. This displays the Print selection
panel shown below:
2. Select the appropriate output format for the graphics files, as required by your
video production software.
3. Click the Setup button and set the page size or video resolution. This can be
done using the sliders or the Convenience Settings button. This displays the
Print Format menu:
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6. Click the Set File button on the Print selection panel to set the base filename
for your graphics files. For example, if you set the base filename to spe1.tiff,
the program will create the following graphics files:
spe1_001.tiff
spe1_002.tiff
spe1_003.tiff
spe1_004.tiff
7. Click the Video option on the Print Selection panel, then click the Print
button to begin saving the graphics files to disk. If there are many graphics
files to be saved, this may take awhile.
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Appendix
A
Command Line Parameters
3dv -r my_definitions.3df
3dv -p -r my_definitions.3df
-b Dump out drawing statistics. The times are at the start of each
area. To get the time for a specific area subtract the time
stated for the area from the time stated for the next area.
When used in conjunction with the -r option it will cycle
through all the timesteps for the first definition within the
definition file and then quit. y
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Appendix
B
File Extensions
Data Files
Files used with the program typically have the following extensions: 00
Print Files
.ps Adobe PostScript file
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Appendix
C
Color Spectrum File
Introduction
Chapter 3 of this manual explained how to create a customized color spectrum
using the Customize button on the Spectrum/Scale option. If desired, you can also
create a customized spectrum file manually using any text editor. The customized
file should use a filename extension of *.spc, but can contain as much or as little
information as desired.
General Procedure
Use the following procedure to create color spectrum file manually:
1. Start the text editor and name the file: For example:
vi /user/mydirectory/myspectrum
object{
name = ’Ternary2’;
type = ’ternary’;
step = -2;
repeat = 1;
values = {
50, 25, 25,
250, 225, 225,
};
}
The new spectrum will now be accessible on the spectrum type panel.
object { }
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The spectrum must contain a variable called name which is equated to a string
enclosed within single quotes. The line must be terminated by a semi-colon:
The spectrum must also contain a variable called type which is either continuous,
discrete or ternary. The word continuous or discrete must be enclosed within
single quotes and the line must be terminated by a semi-colon:
type = 'continuous';
or
type = 'discrete';
or
type = ’ternary’.
Continuous means the values in the spectrum are evenly incremented between the
specified values. It will vary red, green and blue concurrently. Discrete means the
values within the spectrum are only the specified values. The spectrum is divided
up evenly between all the values specified in the value array (see below).
The spectrum can optionally contain a step. Step must be a numeric value and the
line must be terminated by a semi-colon:
step = 10;
The step value determines the number of labels to displayed on the spectrum. If
the value is not -1 the label count is set to the total number of colors in the
spectrum divided by the step. A label is placed on the spectrum after colors/step
colors are placed on the spectrum. If the step is -1 (the default) then a label is
placed only on the spectrum where the values are explicitly set in the values array
(see below).
The spectrum can optionally contain a repeat variable. Repeat must be a numeric
value and the line must be terminated by a semi-colon:
repeat = 10;
The repeat value determines the number of times the specified values are repeated
within the entire spectrum. A good example of this is the built in spectrum, Multi-
Rainbow.
The value array is an array of numbers enclosed within braces and separated by
comas. The array must be terminated by a semi-colon:
values = { 0, 0, 255,
0, 0, 255,
0, 0, 255,
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0, 255, 255,
0, 255, 0,
255, 255, 0,
255, 0, 0,
255, 0, 0,
255, 0, 0 };
The array is the red, green, blue, red, green, blue, ... values to be used by the
spectrum. How they are interpreted depends on the type of spectrum specified.
The values must range from 0 - 255.
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object {
/* colors retreived from /user/lib/X11/rgb.txt */
name = ’X11’;
step = 10;
repeat = 1;
values = {
21, 53, 255, /*blue*/
43, 96, 222, /*RoyalBlue*/
102, 152, 255, /*SkyBlue*/
72, 99, 160, /*SteelBlue*/
115, 124, 161, /*SlateBlue*/
173, 223, 255, /*LightBlue*/
174, 235, 236, /*PaleTurquoise*/
62, 169, 159, /*LightSeaGreen*/
82, 208, 23, /*YellowGreen*/
255, 254, 220, /*LightYellow*/
253, 218, 163, /*NavajoWhite*/
252, 213, 176, /*PeachPuff*/
236, 216, 114, /*LightGoldenrod*/
249, 150, 107, /*LightSalmon*/
225, 139, 107, /*Salmon*/
231, 116, 113, /*LightCoral*/
179, 132, 129, /*RosyBrown*/
248, 122, 23, /*Orange*/
246, 34, 23, /*Red*/
244, 62, 255, /*Magenta*/
};
}
object{
name = ’Ternary2’;
type = ’ternary’;
step = -2;
repeat = 1;
values = {
50, 25, 25,
250, 225, 225,
};
}
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Appendix
D
Screen Definition File
The user can create a personal defaults file which contains different startup
preferences when 3DVIEW is started. It is a recommended that this file is created
by copying the master default file, provided with the installation, to a default file
in the current working directory, or the user’s home directory, by issuing the
following command: 00
cp $VIPEXEC/3dview.3df.master 3dview.3df
The copy of the defaults file can be edited, using vi or any other editor, to
customize the default display for the user’s preferences. 00
NOTE: Changes should not be made to the master file. 3DVIEW will look
for the defaults file to be used first in the current directory, next in
the user’s home directory, and last in the VIPEXEC directory.
The startup screen definition file has the same format and is a subset of a screen
definition file that can be created and saved at other times during the course of
running 3DVIEW, such as creating a video sequence. 00
object { }
The screen definition file was not intended to be created manually. However, once
a screen definition file has been created there are certain variables that can be
modified using an editor. This is often beneficial for batch printing or can be used
to make global changes to a screen file. Also, complete definitions can be
removed by deleting an object definition (i.e., object { }). Variables that are most
commonly changed are:
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colortable variables:
name (string, selects the spectrum name from one listed in this
file)
sceneobject variables:
wellscale (float, set the well scaling factor)
dataobject variables:
database name (string)
data_class (integer)
variable (string, the default variable in the class to display)
gridobject variables:
show_grid (1 or 0, grid on or off)
clip_grid (1 or 0, clip grid to data, on or off)
show_data (1 or 0, data on or off)
exclusive_clip (1 or 0, exclusive clipping is on or off)
low_x (integer, low x clip)
high_x (integer, high x clip)
low_y (integer, low y clip)
high_y (integer, high y clip)
low_z (integer, low z clip)
high_z (integer, high z clip)
low_x_fence (integer, low x fence)
high_x_fence (integer, high x fence)
low_y_fence (integer, low y fence)
high_y_fence (integer, high y fence)
low_z_fence (integer, low z fence)
high_z_fence (integer, high z fence)
x_step (integer, x stepping value for excluding rows)
y_step (integer, y stepping value for excluding columns)
z_step (integer, z stepping value for excluding layers)
property_clip (1 or 0, inclusive or exclusive data clip)
low_property (float, minimum property value to display)
high_property (float, maximum property value to display)
spectrum_min (float, minimum spectrum value)
spectrum_max (float, maximum spectrum value)
timestep (integer, time step to display)
viewobject variables:
xscale
yscale
zscale
large_factor
incl
azim
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window3d variables:
lights
dtiwindow variables:
buffer_mode
back_face
well_list variables:
visible
spectrumgadget variables:
direction
visibility
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000000Subject Index
Numerics C
2DVIEW cell shrink/expand
how to start 28 examples of 120
how to stop 29 clicking the mouse 12
overview of 19 clipping data 101
summary of features 20 cloning a window 50
3DVIEW closing a file 38
how to start 28 color coding
how to stop 29 see spectrum
overview of 17 colors
summary of features 20 grid, text, and background 67
command line
parameters for 187
control panel
A description of 34
Quit button 29
Add Scene button Control-clicking the mouse 12
general description 34 cross section
use of 47 how to set up 104
animation cross section displays 101
applying to model display 174 cross sections
Animation button direct control over 118
Fling option 174 example of 108
general description 35 zig-zag effect 142
Run option 175 cross-section views
use in timestep control 43 how to produce 100
use of 174 cursor
using to rotate in automatic mode 56 setting with the mouse 13
anti-aliasing 170 cutting planes
areal clipping how to modify 147
example of 106 how to remove 148
how to set up 143
B
Broadcast button
general description 35
use for simultaneous control of multiple views 47
use with active scenes 48
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fence step
D example of 110
how to set up 104
Data menu file extensions 189
Data Clip option 44 File menu
general description 32 Activate Scene option 48
Timestep option 42 Change File option 38
Variable option 39 Close Scene option 38
data values Deactivate Scene option 48
clip, fence, cross section 101 general description 32
controlling the range displayed 44 New/Clone options 50
display of 122 New/New File option 37
viewing for individual cells 149 New/Split options 51
viewing for multiple cells 150 Print Scene option 164
DESKTOP-VIP flow analysis 127
starting from 29 flow vectors
Display menu how to display 128
Clear Picks option 150 frame files
Colors option 67 saving 179
general description 32 saving under a different name 180
Legend option 161 frames
Movement Options option 65 appending screen definition files 179
Print Options selection 158, 160 closing a file of 180
Rendering Options option 69 creating video from 184
display window editing table of 181
cloning 50 how to capture 180
description of 31 opening a file of 178
splitting 51 saving to a file 177
viewing cross sections in 100
double-clicking the mouse 12
dragging the mouse 12
G
grid
E tracers 133
grid cell faces
environmental variables controlling display of 103
for printing 171 grid clip
exclusive clip general description 100
example of 112 how to set up 103
expanding grid cells 119 grid display
hiding or viewing 97
grid fence
general description 100
F how to set up 103
face clip
example of 115
general description 100
fence display
example of 106
fence displays 101
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Grid menu
Active LGR option 94 M
Block Values option 122
Clip option 100, 101 MB1/MB2/MB3
Contour option 142 definition of 12
Cross Section option 118 menu bar
Cutting Plane/Add option 143 description and summary of options 32
Cutting Plane/Modify option 147 mouse
Cutting Plane/Remove option 148 button definitions 12
Display Options option 97 overview of buttons and operations 12–13
Displayed LGR option 95 using to control display 54
Expand Cell option 119 moving the model
Flow Vectors option 128 features displayed while 65
general description 32 using a mouse 54
Iso Surface option 124 using View menu 59
Shrink Cell option 120
grid refinement
activating 94
isolation of 94 N
grid step
example of 110 newlink Setting Basic Tracer Options 133
general description 100
how to set up 103
O
H opening a new file 37
opening an existing file 38
hardcopy OpenVision
setting up 166 connecting to 52
hidden surfaces Outline Only button
rendering of 69 general description 35
output
available formats 165
I
interface P
operating instructions for 13
summary of display components 30 plotting cell values 151
Iso Surfaces plotting well values 153
how to set up 124 Plotting Window
Time or Depth option 151
PlotView
options in 3DVIEW or 2DVIEW 151
L pointing the mouse 12
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S T
scene ternary spectrum
definition of 47 description of 33
scenes text
adding 47 setting the cursor in 13
controlling 48 shading with the mouse 12
deleting 50 time step
displaying or hiding 49 selecting for view 42
making active or inactive 48 timesteps
Scenes button animating display of 175
general description 35
use of 48
screen definition
valid format for 197
screen definition files
see frames
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U
user interface
operating instructions for 13
summary of display components 30
V
variable
selecting for display 39
video frames
see frames
videos
interpolating from static frames 184
playback of 185
saving to disk 185
View-Point menu
general description 32
Lights option 62
Projection option 64
Rotate option 55
Scale option 60
Translate option 59
Zoom option 58
W
wells
control pick tolerance 90
display or hiding of 86
displaying specific ones 83
Wells menu
general description 32
PlotView option 153
Well Colors option 89
Well List option 83
Well Options 86
Well Picking option 90
windows
operating instructions for 15
Z
zooming the model
using a mouse 54
using menu options 58
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