Learning Area Mathematics Grade Level 7

W7 Quarter 4th Quarter Date

I. LESSON TITLE Measures of Variability of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING MELC 50: Illustrates the measures of variability (range, average deviation,
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) variance, standard deviation) of a statistical data. (M7SP-IVh-1)
MELC 51: Calculates the measures of variability of grouped and ungrouped
data. (M7SP-IVh-i-1)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Measures of Variability of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: (15 minutes)

The Measures of Central Tendency do not always give sufficient information to analyze a situation and make decisions.
We need a summary measure that tells us whether the values are clustered closely about the mean or spread over a wide
range of values. Measures of Variability are used to indicate the spread of the set of data.
Now, let us identify words related to the Measures of Variability. Read the clues on the right and fill - in the crossword
puzzle.

5.) variance
4.) average deviation
3.) deviation
2.) range
1.) standard deviation
Answers:

D. Development (Time Frame: 120 minutes)

Measure of Variability of an Ungrouped Data
 Range
The Range of a given set of data is the difference between the largest value and smallest value. It is the simplest
measure of variation. The range is computed as:
𝑅 = ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Example 1

Given the scores of eight Grade – 7 learners of Dizon High. Their scores are:
17, 20, 22, 18, 10, 19, 16 and 14. Calculate the range.
𝑅 = ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
= 22 − 10
= 12
Example 2
Calculate the range of the grades in Mathematics of the two groups of learners.
Male group: 95, 65, 75, 85, 90 Female group: 84, 86, 85, 82, 83.
Male Group: 𝑅 = 95 − 65 = 𝟑𝟎 Female Group: 𝑅 = 86 − 82 = 𝟒
The Range of grades of the male group is 30 while that of the female group is 4. It shows that the grades of the male
group are scattered while the grades of the female group are compressed. It further illustrates that the females, as compared
to males, are more homogeneous in their Math ability.
  Average Deviation
The average deviation is a measure of variation that considers the deviations of the individual scores from the mean.
The formula is,
Σ|𝑥−𝑥̅ |
AD = , where: AD = average deviation,
𝑛
Σ|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | = sum of the absolute value of 𝑥 minus the mean (𝑥̅ ) , 𝑛 = sample size

Using the given in example 1 about the scores of the Grade – 7 learners, calculate the average deviation.
First calculate the mean.
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
17 + 20 + 22 + 18 + 10 + 19 + 16 + 14
=
8
136
= 8
̅ = 𝟏𝟕
𝒙
Then construct the table of values.

𝑥 𝑥̅ |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
17 17 0
20 17 3
22 17 5
18 17 1
10 17 7
19 17 2
16 17 1
14 17 3
Σ|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | = 22
Lastly, calculate the average deviation.
Σ|𝑥−𝑥̅ |
AD = = 22
8
= 2.75
𝑛

 Variance
Variance is the average of the squared deviation from the mean. Variance for ungrouped data is computed as:

(𝑥1 −𝑥̅ )2 +(𝑥2 −𝑥̅ )2+⋯(𝑥𝑛 −𝑥̅ )2 Σ𝑑2 Σ(x−𝑥̅ )2

𝑠2 = Or simply 𝑠 2 = 𝑛−1 or 𝑠2 =
𝑛−1 𝑛−1
Example

Given the scores of eight Grade – 7 learners of Dizon High. Their scores are:
17, 20, 22, 18, 10, 19, 16 and 14. Calculate the variance and standard deviation.
Solutions:
Step 1: Calculate the mean.
Based from our discussion previously, the mean is 17 or 𝑥̅ = 17
Step 2: Construct the table of values.
Calculate the deviation (d) by subtracting the mean (𝑥̅ ) from each score (x). Then, get the squares of the deviation.
Example: 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 14 − 17 = −3, (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (−3)2 = 9.

𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ or 𝑑 𝑑2
(scores)
17 𝑥−0 𝑥̅ (𝑥 −0 𝑥̅ )2
20 3 9
22 5 25
18 1 1
10 -7 49
19 2 4
16 -1 1
14 -3 9
Σ𝑑2 = 98
Step 3: Solve for the variance.
Σ𝑑2
𝑠 2 = 𝑛−1
Remember
98
= 8−1 The higher the variance, the more variable or far
98 apart the values are from each other.
= 7
𝑠2 = 14
 Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is the measure of the variation of the set of data in terms of the amounts by which the
individual values differ from their mean. It is considered the most stable measure of spread.

To find the standard deviation of an ungrouped data, use the formula:

Σ𝑑2
𝑠=√
𝑛−1
where,
𝑠 − 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛 − 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
Σ𝑑2 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑 − deviation from the mean

Solutions:

Σ𝑑2 The standard deviation is the measure of the variation of the set of data in terms of the
𝑠=√
𝑛−1 amounts by which the individual values differ from their mean. It is considered the most stable
measure of spread.
98
= √8−1
Therefore, the variance of the set of scores is 14, and the standard deviation is 3.74. This
means that the scores are clustering within 3.74 around the mean of 17. That is, between 20.74
98
= √7 and 13.26.

Remember that the dispersion of a set of data is small if the values are closely clustered
= √14 about the mean and that it is large if the values are scattered widely about the mean.
𝑠 ≈ 3.74
Grouped Data
As given in the previous topics, below is the frequency distribution showing the result of the CLDDMIHS Second
Quarterly Examination in Statistics. The set of data shows the scores of 60 students in their examination. Calculate the range,
average deviation, variance, and standard deviation of the given grouped frequency distribution.
Class Interval f
93-105 2
80-92 16
67-79 17
54-66 11
41-53 6
28-40 3
15-27 5
 Range
In grouped data, the range is the difference between the exact upper limit of the highest class interval and exact
lower limit of the lowest class interval.
𝑅 = 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 − 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
= 105.5 − 14.5
𝑹 = 𝟗𝟏
The range is 91.
  Average Deviation
The formula for finding the average deviation for the grouped data in a frequency distribution is given by:

Σ𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
𝐴𝐷 =
𝑛
Where,

𝐴𝐷 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑥̅ = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

Σ𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

First we calculate the mean,

∑𝒇𝒙
̅=
𝒙
𝒏
3 964
=
60

̅ ≈ 66.07
𝑥
then
Class Interval f x fx |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |
93-105 2 99 198 32.93 65.86
80-92 16 86 1 376 19.93 318.88
67-79 17 73 1 241 6.93 117.81
54-66 11 60 660 6.07 66.77
41-53 6 47 282 19.07 114.42
28-40 3 34 102 32.07 96.21
15-27 5 21 105 45.07 225.35
𝑛 = 60 Σ𝑓𝑥 = 3 964 Σ𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | = 1 005.3

Solve for the average deviation, we have:

Σ𝑓|𝑥−𝑥̅ |
𝐴𝐷 =
𝑛

1 005.3
= 60
𝑨𝑫 ≈ 𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟔

 Variance

To find the variance of a grouped data, use the formula:

Σf𝑑 2 Σf(x−𝑥̅ )2
𝑠2 = or 𝑠2 =
𝑛−1 𝑛−1
where,
𝑠 2 = 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ; 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ; 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛(𝑥̅) = 𝑥 − 𝑥̅
𝑑2 = (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 ; Σ𝑓𝑑2 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 Step 1: Calculate the mean.

Class Interval f x fx
93-105 2 99 198
80-92 16 86 1 376
67-79 17 73 1 241
54-66 11 60 660
41-53 6 47 282
28-40 3 34 102
15-27 5 21 105
𝑛 = 60 Σ𝑓𝑥 = 3 964
∑𝒇𝒙 3 964
̅=
𝒙 = ≈ 66.07
𝒏 60

Step 2: Calculate the deviation by subtracting the mean (𝑥̅ ) from each midpoint (x).Then, get the squares of the deviation and
multiply the result to the frequency. Find the sum of each product.
Class Interval f x fx 𝑑 𝑑2 𝑓𝑑2
93-105 2 99 198 32.93
𝑥 − 𝑥̅ 1(𝑥084.38
− 𝑥̅ )2 2 168.76
𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
80-92 16 86 1 376 19.93 397.20 6 355.20
67-79 17 73 1 241 6.93 48.02 816.34
54-66 11 60 660 -6.07 36.84 405.24
41-53 6 47 282 -19.07 363.66 2 181.96
28-40 3 34 102 -32.07 1 028.48 3 085.44
15-27 5 21 105 -45.07 2 031.30 10 156.50
𝑛 = 60 Σ𝑓𝑥 = 3 964 Σ𝑓𝑑2 = 25 169.44
Step 3: Calculate the variance by substituting the data to the formula.

Σf𝑑2
𝑠2 =
𝑛−1

25 169.44
=
60−1
2
𝑠 ≈ 426.60

 Standard Deviation
A deviation is the distance of each observation from the mean. The standard deviation is denoted by 𝑠, it is
computed by taking the square root of the average of the squared deviations or variance.

To find the standard deviation of a grouped data, use the formula:

Σf𝑑 2 Σf(x−𝑥̅ )2
𝑠=√ or 𝑠 = √
𝑛−1 𝑛−1

Calculate the standard deviation by substituting the data to the formula.

Σf𝑑2
𝑠 = √ 𝑛−1

25 169.44
= √
60−1
𝑠 ≈ 20.65
Therefore, the variance of the scores is 426.60 and the standard deviation is 20.65. It means that most of the scores are
between 45.42 and 86.72. (To get 45.42 and 86.72: 𝑥 ̅ − 𝑠, 𝑥̅ + 𝑠, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦.)
Remember:

Given a set of data,

 If the standard deviation is small, the values are concentrated near the mean.
 If the standard deviation is large, the values are widely scattered about the mean.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 65 minutes)
Learning Task 1

1.) Which of the following illustrates a set of data having range equal to 14?

2.) Which of the following range of grades in Mathematics illustrates that the grades of males are scattered while the grades
of female groups are compressed?

A. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 35; 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 4 C. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 4; 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 35

B. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 35; 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 35 D. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 4; 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 4

3.) Which of the following tables illustrates variance of 10.4 given 𝑥̅ = 5?

4.) Which of the following set of grades will illustrate mean deviation of 2?
A. 81, 81, 81, 81 B. 86, 84, 82, 80 C. 80, 81, 83, 84 D. 78, 78, 84, 84
5.) Which of the following set of observations will illustrate mean of 6 and standard deviation of 5.33?
A. 8, 8, 8, 8 B. 3, 5, 7, 9 C. 8, 8, 4, 4 D. 9, 8, 7, 4
Learning Task 2
Calculate the range, average deviation, variance and standard deviation of the following set of observations:

3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8.
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 10 minutes)
Identify the following. Choose your answer from the box below.

Standard Deviation Variance Measures of Variability Range Average Deviation

1. It is the difference between the largest value and smallest value.

2. Measure of variation that considers the deviations of the individual scores from the mean.
3. It is the average of the squared deviation from the mean.
4. Measure of the variation of the set of data in terms of the amounts by which the individual values differ from their mean.
5. Used to indicate the spread of the set of data.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 20 minutes)
Direction: Supply the missing value. Then, choose the CAPITAL LETTER that corresponds to your correct answer.
Below is the frequency distribution of the score of 40 learners. (10 points).
Class Interval f x fx |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑑 𝑑2 𝑓𝑑 2
45-49 1 47 47 15.6 15.6 15.6 243.36 243.36
𝑥 − 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
40-44 7 42 294 10.6 74.2 10.6 112.36 786.52
35-39 11 37 407 5.6 61.6 5.6 31.36 344.96
30-34 10 32 320 0.6 6 0.6 0.36 3.6
25-29 12 27 324 4.4 52.8 -4.4 19.36 232.32
20-24 5 22 110 9.4 47 -9.4 88.36 441.8
15-19 4 17 68 14.4 57.6 -14.4 207.36 829.44
𝑛 = _____ Σ𝑓𝑥 = ________ Σ𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | = ________ Σ𝑓𝑑2 = ___________

∑𝒇𝒙
𝑥̅ = = ________ = ________
𝒏

1.) Which of the following is the value of the range?

A. 31 B. 35 C. 34 D. 27
2.) What is the average deviation?
A. 6.30 B. 8.38 C. 2.86 D. 3.60
3.) Which of the following shows the correct way of calculating variance?
Σf𝑑 2 2 880 2 880 Σf𝑑 2 2 882 2 882
A. 𝑠 2 = = = ≈ 58.78 C. 𝑠 2 = = = ≈ 58.82
𝑛−1 49 50−1 𝑛−1 49 50−1

Σf𝑑 2 2 880 2 880 Σf𝑑 2 2 882 2 882

B. 𝑠2 = = = ≈ 58.78 D. 𝑠 2 = = = ≈ 58.82
𝑛−1 50−1 49 𝑛−1 50−1 49

4.) Using the table above, which of the following is the standard deviation of the given data?
A. 6.77 B. 7.76 C. 7.67 D. 0.767
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 10 minutes)
 Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
 - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yw-_2_RCSFrhOVdPYow92D1y8_3hk7X-/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1j3qiqJz_YE5VCmpbZX1vp1OLlsdf1ddX/view?usp=sharing
Prepared by: Maria Shirley E. Montaña Checked by: MA. FILIPINA M. DRIO
Division of San Pablo City LAILA R. MALOLES
HENRY P. CONTEMPLACION
LODETH CATHERINE L. PUERTOLLANO