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    Marisumusica

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    elmitxel
    The document discusses the traditional and universal classifications of musical instruments. Under the traditional classification, instruments are divided into four sections of the orchestra: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. Each section is further divided based on playing technique or construction. The universal classification categorizes instruments based on the element that produces vibration, such as the body of the instrument, a membrane, strings, air column, or electric current.

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    Marisumusica

    Uploaded by

    elmitxel
    23 views3 pages
    The document discusses the traditional and universal classifications of musical instruments. Under the traditional classification, instruments are divided into four sections of the orchestra: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. Each section is further divided based on playing technique or construction. The universal classification categorizes instruments based on the element that produces vibration, such as the body of the instrument, a membrane, strings, air column, or electric current.

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    The document discusses the traditional and universal classifications of musical instruments. Under the traditional classification, instruments are divided into four sections of the orchestra: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. Each section is further divided based on playing technique or construction. The universal classification categorizes instruments based on the element that produces vibration, such as the body of the instrument, a membrane, strings, air column, or electric current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views3 pages

    Marisumusica

    Uploaded by

    elmitxel
    The document discusses the traditional and universal classifications of musical instruments. Under the traditional classification, instruments are divided into four sections of the orchestra: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. Each section is further divided based on playing technique or construction. The universal classification categorizes instruments based on the element that produces vibration, such as the body of the instrument, a membrane, strings, air column, or electric current.

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    of 3

    UNIT

    3: Musical instruments
    3.1. TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
    In Western music, the orchestra is the oldest and more complex
    ensemble. The instruments of the orchestra are divided into 4
    sections:
    a) String section (https://youtu.be/0cuL_yubYck): They can be
    divided according to the technique to make the strings vibrate:
    1. Bowed string instruments are played by a bow rubbing
    the strings (violin, viola, cello and double bass)
    2. Plucked string instruments are played by plucking the
    strings with a plectrum or with the fingers (guitar, harp)
    3. Struck string instruments have their strings struck with a
    hammer (piano)
    b) Woodwind section (https://youtu.be/x9Ngjs7YzQc): Depending
    on the mouthpiece they can be divided in:
    1. Reedless or edge instruments: The air vibrates when it is
    directed against the edge of a hole. All the holes are
    covered by keys, or by your fingers (flute, recorder)
    2. Single reed instruments: The air vibrates because of the
    vibration of a reed against the mouthpiece (clarinet,
    saxophone)
    3. Double reed instruments: The vibration of two reeds
    makes the air vibrate (oboe, bassoon)
    c) Brass section (https://youtu.be/_bEmhfnYvsI): All these
    instruments are made of brass (cornet, trumpet, French horn,
    trombone, tuba). They have a metallic cup-shaped
    mouthpiece; lips vibrate against it. They also have in common
    the bell at the other end, with a similar shape. These are ways
    to get the different pitches, as a combination of:
    1. The tension of the lips (the tenser, the higher)
    2. Making the column of air shorter or longer:
    i. Slides: a tube slides inside the other (trombone)
    ii. Valves: they connect different sections of the tube
    Brass instruments are very loud. Mutes are used to make
    them softer. They are like covers for the bell, made of metal or
    plastic.
    d) Percussion section (https://youtu.be/whrD6euY-jQ): You have to
    strike, shake, rub or clash it. They can be classified by their
    tuned or untuned quality:
    1. Pitched percussion instruments: They produce different
    pitches, so you can play tuned melodies (glockenspiel,
    xylophone or marimba, vibraphone, celesta, tubular bells,
    timpani or kettledrums)
    2. Unpitched percussion instruments: They can’t play tuned
    melodies (woodblock, claves, maracas, güiro, castanets,
    gong, triangle, cymbals, sleigh bells, cowbell, agogo,
    snare drum, bass drum, bongos)

    3.2. UNIVERSAL OR TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATION
    There are many other instruments which do not fit inside the
    traditional classification because they are not common in the
    orchestra. The universal classification considers the element that
    produces the vibration:
    - Idiophones: The body of the instrument itself (claves, bells,
    rattles, cymbals, xylophones, washboard, glass-harmónica, …)
    - Membranophones: A membrane or skin (any kind of drums,
    kazoo, zambomba, …)
    - Chordophones: One or more strings (violin, guitar, piano, hurdy-
    gurdy, lute, …)
    - Aerophones: An air column (trumpet, clarinet, organ, bagpipes,
    harmonica, accordion, …)
    - Electrophones: The sound is produced by an electric current
    (electric organ, synthesizer, theremin, …)

    LINKS:

    · Orchestra layout:

    https://archive.cnx.org/contents/3739d8da-883d-4491-a876-c1c44f57c2db@1/the-orchestra

    · An introduction to the orchestra.

    https://youtu.be/M0Jc4sP0BEE

    · The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra (by B. Britten):

    https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF4EDDFF73B7F1A5C

    https://youtu.be/ckrUgU27aKo

    · Traditional classification:
    https://www.mariajesusmusica.com/inicio/la-orquesta-y-sus-familias-de-instrumentos-imgenes-y-vdeos-con-thinglink

    · Universal or technical classification:


    https://www.mariajesusmusica.com/inicio/instrumentos-aerfonos-cordfonos-idifonos-membranfonos-y-electrfonos-vdeos-con-thinglink

    · Exploring the orchestra:

    http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/explore/instruments

    · Ranges of musical instruments:

    https://i1.wp.com/obiaudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/frequency_chart_lg.gif

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