Pollution

Environmental pollution is the accumulation of pollutants in the natural environment that
harm nature, natural resources, and humankind. An organism’s surrounding is known as the
environment, made of distinct constituents, including air, water, land, soil, etc., that supports
the life of organisms. These rudimentary elements are present in a specified ratio and maintain
a rhythmic balance in the environment for the organism to survive. The types of environmental
pollution are categorized into air, water, soil, noise, land, thermal, and light pollution.
Pollution arises when any undesirable change or alteration is observed in this ratio of the
biological components. Increasing pollutants lead to various types of pollution and result in
physical, economic, and social emergencies. This article will highlight all the crucial aspects
of environmental pollution, including its types, causes, effects, and control measures.
Table of content
1. What is Environmental Pollution?
2. Types of Environmental Pollution
3. Causes of Environmental Pollution
4. Effects of Environmental Pollution
5. Environmental Pollution Control Measures
What is Environmental Pollution?
Environmental pollution is the contamination of the biological components of the Earth, which
adversely impacts standard ecological processes. Any unnatural and damaging transformations
in all the dimensions (like physical, chemical, and biological factors of any constituent of the
ecosystem) which can cause dangerous effects on mixed forms of life and belongings are called
environmental pollution.
Environmental pollution is considered one of the biggest issues faced by society, and it is
increasing every day, affecting humans and other living organisms. Human actions have a
negative impact on the environment as they pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, and
the soil we use to grow plants.
Types of Environmental Pollution
Majorly, 7 types of environmental pollution can occur on the Earth. A detailed illustration can
be extracted from the types of pollution PDF for better understanding. The given pollution
types have specific causes, effects, and control measures indicated further in this article.
1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Soil pollution
4. Thermal Pollution
5. Noise pollution
6. Light Pollution
7. Land Pollution.
Air Pollution
Pollutants such as carbon monoxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), dust, mold spores, nitrogen
oxides, pollen, and sulphur dioxide, cause air pollution. Air pollution is caused by solid
particles and gases present in the atmosphere.
Causes:
Coal, dry grass, dry-farm waste, and leaves utilized as domestic fuels in villages also generate
harmful gases in the atmosphere.
Some additional sources of Air Pollution are:
• Automobile pollution
• Burning of garbage
• Decayed plants and animals
• Indoor air pollution
• Industrial air pollution
• Radioactive elements.
Effects:
The major effects of environmental pollution of the air are that it increases the risk of heart
disease in humans and causes diseases of the lungs and respiratory systems. It can also lead to
asthma and bronchitis. It can also affect the environment as it increases greenhouse gases.
Control Measures:
Households and industries should operate with better-design equipment and smokeless fuels to
lessen air pollution.
• Afforestation or planting more trees should be encouraged to maintain a balance in the

ecosystem and manage the effect caused by the rising greenhouse gases.
• The government also took initiatives to control air pollution, including the National
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) and the National air quality monitoring
program (NAMP).
Water Pollution
Water pollution is caused when toxic materials, including chemical contaminants, discharges
of untreated waste, and sewage, are thrown into rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Causes:
The sources of water pollution include farming methodologies with excess fertilizers and
pesticides that also degrade the water bodies.
Environmental Pollution of water has the following causes:
• Agricultural pollutants are dumped into the water bodies.

• Disposal of radioactive substances into seawater.
• Industrial effluents enter oceans.
• Trading of marine.
• Offshore oil rigs.
• Recreational sports.
• Sewage is disposed of into the sea by rivers.
Effects:
The effect of water pollution is that it can cause Minamata disease in humans and dropsy
disease in fishes when the amount of mercury increases in water. It also leads to biological
magnification (concentration of toxic chemicals increases) and eutrophication (overabundance
of nutrients).
Control Measures:
Water consumption must be minimized or reduced by revising the strategies involved in

controlling the environmental pollution of water. Wastewater should be treated well to be
reused.
Soil Pollution
Environmental Pollution of Soil is caused when concentrations of toxic substances or

contaminants increase and accumulate on the soil surface.
Causes of Soil Pollution:
The contaminants that cause soil pollution are:
• Inorganic ions and metals

• Salts (e.g., carbonates, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates)
• Organic compounds (such as alcohols, DNA, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, lipids, proteins,
PAHs, etc.).
Effects:
The effects of soil pollution are that it reduces soil fertility and increases salinity. It results in
the blocking of drains, thereby releasing foul odours and gases.
Control Measures:
To control the environmental pollution of soil, we must stop plastic usage. The use of plastic
should be reduced to prevent soil pollution, and sewage should be appropriately treated before
its utilization as fertilizer on cultivated grounds.

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Environmental pollution is the accumulation of pollutants in the natural environment that

1. What is Environmental Pollution?

2. Types of Environmental Pollution

3. Causes of Environmental Pollution

4. Effects of Environmental Pollution

5. Environmental Pollution Control Measures

What is Environmental Pollution?

Some additional sources of Air Pollution are:

• Afforestation or planting more trees should be encouraged to maintain a balance in the

Environmental Pollution of water has the following causes:

• Agricultural pollutants are dumped into the water bodies.

Water consumption must be minimized or reduced by revising the strategies involved in

Environmental Pollution of Soil is caused when concentrations of toxic substances or

Causes of Soil Pollution:

The contaminants that cause soil pollution are:

• Inorganic ions and metals

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