District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

District
Environment Plan

Kolhapur
District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

1.0 Preamble

Hon’ble National Green Tribunal vide order dated 26/09/2019 in O.A. No. 360 of 2018 filed
by Shree Nath Sharma Vs Union of India and Others directed that CPCB shall facilitate the
District Magistrates in preparation of District Environmental Plan by placing Model plan on its
website. This model plan may be adopted as per local requirements by all Districts under
supervision of District Magistrate.

The said Order also directs that Department of Environment in respective States / UTs
should collect district plans to prepare State Environment Plan, which shall be monitored by
respective Chief Secretaries of State/UT by 15/12/2019.

Based on State Environmental plans, CPCB and Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate
Change shall prepare National Environmental Plan, under the supervision of Secretary,
MoEF&CC and Chairman, CPCB by 31/01/2020. The National Action Plan needs to be
submitted before Hon’ble NGT 15/02/2020.

In compliance to above directions, CPCB has prepared a model District Environment Plan
(DEP) that covers following thematic areas;

In compliance to above directions and as per the model DEP prepared by CPCB,
Environment Action plan for Kolhapur District is prepared.

2.0 Introduction

The city of Kolhapur is situated on the banks of the Panchgangariver and the Sahyadri
mountain range is surrounded. It is a city famous for its historic castles, temples and royal
places of the East Royals. It is one of the best places to discover the glory and grandeur of
India. Kolhapur is about 387 km from the financial capital of India. KolhapuriSaj is in the
distance and the famous necklace for Indian crafts leather slippers, Kolhapuri slippers and
her private local jewellery is named KolhapuriSaj. Kolhapur is famous for the Sri Mahalaxmi
Temple. The Bhosle dynasty was the well known kings of Kolhapur and they proudly treated
themselves as descendants of the descendants of ChhatrapatiShivajiMaharaj. King
ChhatrapatiShahji II was the last ruler of the Paura Kolhapur state. The rulers of Kolhapur
encouraged theatre, wrestling and other arts. Today, Kolhapur is a modern and industrial
city.
General Latur district profile is presented in the Table 1 and location is shown in Figure 1.

Table 1 Kolhapur District Profile

Description Details
Average Summer: 33 to 35°C. Winter: 24 to 26 °C. Rainfall: 19 to 30 °C.
Climate
Geographical It lies in the Sahayadri mountains in the Western Ghats.Chandgad is the
Location coolest place in the Kolhapur district. Tambraparni river dam is the
spectacular place nearUmgaon village. Also nearby dams are Radhanagari
and kalambawadi.
Area 7685 Sq. km
Boundaries Kolhapur is an inland city located in south-west Maharashtra state, 373 km
South of Mumbai & 228 km of south of Pune, 615 km noth-west of
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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
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District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

Description Details
Bengaluru and 530 km west of Hyderabad. Within Maharashtra, Kolhapur's
nearest cities and towns are Ichalkaranji (27 km), Kodoli (35 km),
PethVadgaon (15 km) Kagal (21 km), KasabaWalva (30km) Sangli (49 km),
Satara (115 km). Kolhapur has an elevation of 569 metres (1867 ft).
[According to 2011 Census Report]
Languages Marathi, Hindi, English are major languages but all Indian languages are
Spoken spoken
Population Total: 3,876,001; Male: 1,980,658Female: 1,895,343
Population 504 per sq.km
Density
Literacy Rate 81.51
Rivers Panchganga, Krishna, Savithri, Veena, Koyna, Gayathri
Sub districts 4 Numbers
Villages 1216 Numbers
Statutory 10 Numbers
Towns
Tahsils 12 Numbers
Karveer, Kagal, Ajara, ChnadgadBhudargad, Shahuwadi, Panhala,
Hatkanangale, Shirol, Radhanagari, Gaganbawada and Gadhinglaj.
Pin code 416001-15

Figure 1 Location of Kolhapur District

3.0 Waste Management Plan

Urban India is facing an ever increasing challenge of providing for the incremental
infrastructural needs of a growing urban population. According to the 2011 census, the
population of India was 1.21 billion; of this 31% live in cities. It is further projected that by
2050 half of India’s population will live in cities. With this increasing population, management
of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the country has emerged as a severe problem not only

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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
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District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

because of the environmental and aesthetic concerns but also because of the sheer
quantities generated every day.

Solid waste management is among the basic essential services provided by municipal
authorities in the country to keep cities clean. In Kolhapur city primary sources of solid waste
are local households, commercial establishments, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, and
markets. Local Bodies are responsible for collection, storage, segregation, transportation
and disposal of all solid waste generated in the city. There are 15 Urban Local Bodies
[ULBs] in Kolhapur district.

3.1 Domestic Solid Waste Management Plan

Kolhapur district is having 15 ULBs with 119 Wards. Municipal Solid Waste [Dry & Wet]
generated from each ULBs. As per collected data, total solid waste generation of Kolhapur
district is 350.77MTD. Wherein, Dry Waste generation is 192.92MTD and Wet waste is
157.84MTD.

It seems that Wet waste comprises of approximately 45% of total waste generated of the
district and Dry waste contributes 55%. Kolhapur District stands on top with the highest
quantity i.e. 200MTD out of which dry waste is 72MTD and wet waste is 120MTD. Malkapur
generates lowest quantity i.e. 1MTD out dry waste is 0.6MTD and wet waste is 0.4MTD. It is
observed that quantity of solid waste generation is in line with the respective population of
ULBs.

Kolhapur district generates 5MTD of Street Sweeping Waste.The quantity of street sweeping
waste is generated from Ichalkaranji. The wastes from other ULBs are not estimated.Drain
silt waste is not estimated from any ULBs. Total DHW quantity generated is
2.11MTD.Maximum quantity of DHW is generated by Kolhapur Corporation with total
quantity of 2.0MTD and Ichalkaranji stands lowest with 0.1MTD. Data is available for only 2
ULBs.

Total Quantity of Horticulture, Sanitary and other waste is 5.01MTD.Maximum quantity of

Other Waste is generated by Ichalkaranji is 5MTD and Panhala generates lowest quantity
i.e. 0.010MTD. Data is not available for any other ULBs except Ichalkaranji and Panhala.

Kolhapur district is having total 6 Bulk Waste Generator with the highest numbers in
Ichalkaranji and total number of onsite facility provided for treatment of wet waste is 10.
Inventory is not done for any other ULBs.

Total Waste generation from Kolhapur district is 350.77MTD and almost all waste is being
segregated.

3.1.1 Infrastructure Adequacy

Door to Door Collection

Only Ichalkaranji has provided 100% door to door collection facility of the waste. All the other
ULBs have provided about 70-80% of collection system.

Mechanical Road Sweeping is not initiated at any of the ULBs whereas 100% manual
sweeping is carried out at all the ULBs and rest of other ULBs have not provided Mechanical

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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

Road Sweeping facility. Almost 100% of waste is being transport through segregated waste
transport system

Out of 15 ULBs, only 1 ULBs namely Kolhapur Corporation has installed digester with bio-
methanation production capacity of 60%.

Kolhapur district generates approximately 1329MTD of wet waste and Out of which 81.7% is
treated through composting.

Out of 15 ULBs, 2 ULBs is using Multi Re Use Facility to separate and prepare recyclable
material whereas 12 ULBs have not installed URF facility.

No provision for sanitary landfill. Reclamation of old dump site is only initiated at Ichalkaranji.
Only 2 ULBs have linkage with waste to energy boiler / cement plant. 14 ULBs have linkage
with recycler whereas 1 ULBs has not started the process yet.

14 ULBs have issued authorization to the waste pickers. 15 ULBs have linkage with TSDF /
CBMWTF.

It is observed that there are total 6 waste Transfer points in Kolhapur district with waste
trolley of 83, Mini collection trucks 34 numbers and Bulk transport trucks 6. Total number of
Bio - Methanation units present are 2. Total 27 Composting units available to treat wet
waste.

3.2 C&D Waste Management Plan

The Construction and Demolition Waste [C&D Waste] generated by Kolhapur district is
about 2920MTD/Annum.The entire generated waste is disposed by landfilling without
processing or by filling low lying area.

3.3 Plastic Waste Management

Total Plastic waste generated by Kolhapur district is 11.18MTD. With 6.08MTD quantity at
Kolhapur Corporation is the highest plastic waste generator whereas Panhala generates
least amount of plastic waste i.e 0.002MTD except 5 ULBs whose data is not estimated. It is
observed that waste generation, collection and segregation data for 5 ULBs is not estimated.

Door to Door collection facility is done at 10 ULBs achieving segregation of the same upto
85%. There are 153 Plastic Waste Pickers in district with the authorization for waste
collection. District has only one Plastic waste collection centre located in Kagal. It is
observed that only Ichalkaranji has obtained linkage with PROs of producers. District has
total 8 Plastic Waste Recycler within district. All ULBs have implemented PW Management
Rules, 2016

3.4 Biomedical Waste Management

Bedded hospital are 900 numbers, 900 HCF have taken authorization. 1526 are non-bedded
hospitals, 1526 have taken authorization. There are total 15 Veterinary hospitals. Total BMW
generation from all above mentioned sources are to the tune of 2042Kg/Day

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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

There are 2 Common Facility available for treatment and disposal of BMW and adequate
BW taken by these facilities.

3.5 Hazardous Waste Management

239 number of industry are established in Kolhapur district generating 45583.27 MT/Annum.
Out of total waste generated, 5424.56MT is incinerable; 32910.4MT goes to land fill and
7248.31MT Recyclable / utilizable HW. It is observed that all the industries are authorized. It
is noted that no Common Treatment Storage Disposal Facility in district, however the waste
is sent to Common Treatment Storage Disposal Facility in other district within the state.

3.6 E Waste Management

There are 2 authorized E-Waste recyclers / Dismantler at GokulShirgaon MIDC and Kagal
MIDC. It is observed that District Administrator has provided awareness Campaign.

3.7 Action Plan

As per the above mentioned observation, it seems that almost all ULBs are handling solid
waste generated as per the Municipal Solid waste Management Rules, however there are
certain issues that needs to be addressed for 100% implementation of the rules as
mentioned in Table 3.

Table 3 Action Plan for Solid Waste Management

Sectors Gaps Action Points Priority

Domestic Solid Waste
Quantification  Methodology for solid  Mechanism for graded weighing Immediate
waste quantification system either through intermediate
should be ascertained transfer station or at the common
 Quantification based receiving station to be created.
on Income group, Usually one weigh bridge at any
culture affluence and treatment / disposal location
technology to be required
considered  Quadrate sampling methodology
to be adopted in order to reduce
quantity as well as quality
Collection  Some of the places,  Ideally most proven method of Short to
System & efficiency of the SWM is 3 Tier System with door to Mid Term
Transport collection system is door, community and transfer
System not up to the mark station approach
 100% efficiency to be achieved
 Intermediate
 Approximately 70 GhantaGadi
would be required
Infrastructure  Mostly composting is  Intermediate / Transfer station
the main treatment based decentralized waste
methodology with treatment facility to be evaluated
about 80% coverage  Additional 20% alternative
 MRF facility is also treatment such as bio-Methanation
available but limited to can be explored
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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
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District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

Sectors Gaps Action Points Priority

few  Sanitary landfill can be proposed
 No Sanitary landfill are
present
Plastic Waste  Lack of SOP for not  Strengthening surveillance of life High &
only quantification but cycle assessment for type and Immediate
also life cycle analysis quantity of Plastic Waste
[LCA]  Effective EPR Policy
 Limited understanding  Initiation of 100% compliance to
/ interpretation of EPR PW Rules at the earliest
/ PRO
 Only two ULBs lacking
implementation of PW
notification
C&D Waste  2-3 of the ULB need to  Minimum 1 such facility at each of High
establish C&D Waste the ULB to be established
management system  System for utilization of recovered
material and processed C&D
waste to be effectively
implemented and monitored
Biomedical  Rooting and effective  Regular Inventorization through Very High
Waste collection within 48hrs automatic / digital platform to be &
from the time of developed Immediate
generation to be  Up-gradation of existing facility to
effectively handled meet 2016 CPCB norms
 Treatment facility lacks  Additional at least 1-2 facilities to
implementation of cover the of umbrella zone along
2016 Notification in with increasing burden on the
line with CPCB existing coverage area to be
audited report planned
 Limited Inventorization  Collection mechanism to be
 strengthen with additional vehicles
to cover vast area and scattered
HCF [miniscule quantity ]
Hazardous  Domestic HW being  Either decentralized 4 - 5 step Very High
Waste mixed with solid waste segregation practices to be &
posing threat initiated or at least advisory for Immediate
 No separate handling intermittent storage and collection
of domestic HW of domestic HW to be initiated
 Not effective  Inventory to be initiated and
segregation at source maintained

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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

Sectors Gaps Action Points Priority

E Waste  Lack of inventory  Detailed inventory for domestic e Very High
 Limited understanding waste under 26 different &
of E waste rule and categories Immediate
management  Mass awareness campaign
 Neither segregation  Every ULB to have at least one E
nor separate transfer / waste management centre and
handling facility minimum one collection / drop
centre in a radius of 25-30km
 Atleast one e waste processing
unit in a district

4.0 Water Quality Management Plan

There are 2 Rivers in Kolhapur district with 80.7km in length. With respect to the data
collated about MLD of untreated /partially treated sewage flows in to the riverine length
thereby [posing challenge for attaining clean water in the river.

The 15 ULBs generate about 140.43MLD of sewage with an existing capacity of 86MLD of
STP. However, it is also many a time the deficit as a representative of treatment capacity /
capability. Even though MPCB has been eying to formulate policy w.r.t. reuse treated
sewage as a regulation, lack of reuse conveyance system and more often than not due to
the limited options of reutilization of treated sewage worsened with consistent out put quality
of treated sewage only leads to complicated disposal options.

On the other hand industrial effluent are much more regulated wherein 52.5MLD from 594
numbers of industry, limited to the entire district are made to treat almost the entire effluent
to the best possible norms as stipulated by their permits, monitored effectively and regularly
with the aid of final disposal / treatment in the 4 number of CETP.

Finally, it is quintessential as part of the ULBs to map HFL, demarcate and protect flood
plains especially in light of the erratic precipitation witness in the recent years in some of the
ULBs ULBS have already included this features as their regulatory mandate though the
irrigation department seems to be directly responsible for the same.

All the above needs to be combined with the effort of sensitization and awareness at all level
in order to formulate and implement successful water quality management strategy though
the same is limited to some number of ULBs as of now & a detailed Issue based
management action plan is provided in Table 4.

Table 4 Action Plan for Water Quality Management

Sectors Gaps Action Points Priority

Water  Limited information available  Thorough Mapping of High
Resources on mapping of surface water resources to be taken up
resources in terms of  Extensive assessment of
quantity quality to be done
 Limited Inventorization of  Criticality indicators to be
quantity, usage, availability established for each water
exploitation etc. body/resource
 Limited Rejuvenation /  Extend water quality

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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

remediation of water bodies monitoring network to

 Solid waste dumping i the include representativeness
river bodies  Based on the criticality
initiate Rejuvenation /
remediation
 Online Monitoring system
for surface water bodies to
be established
 Protection methods to be
developed for creative
stoppage of dumping of
solid waste in the surface
water bodies
Domestic  Correlation between  Digital Platform to Very high
generation and treatment accommodate water &
often misleading budgeting / reuse potential Immediate
 Water budgeting exercise  Approximately 55MLD of
often missing STP needed
 Computation of water  In situ treatment for River
footprint missing stretches to be developed
 Surveillance /Inventorization  Strengthen the sewage
in cradle to grave approach collection network to cover
absolutely never applied 100% Population
 Limited collection system and  Policy for reuse / recycle of
treatment facility especially in treated wastewater
remote area
 Often polluting water
resources
 No established reuse options
/ reuse network
Industrial  Limited information of  CETP performance to be High
industries discharging more effective in line with
wastewater in to the river various orders of regulatory
 Performance of CETP is bodies / courts
questionable  Digital compliance
methodology to be
developed
 Disposal system to be under
constant surveillance

5.0 Air Quality Management

As it is Kolhapur district being one of the most vibrant and outgrowing areas in Maharashtra,
Air quality assessment and sectoral management needs are ought to be essentially planned
and executed. Both CPCB & MPCB through their NAMP & SAMP programme has set up 3
manual stations across the district.

It seems that PM10 is Ambient Air is one of the prime reason of the concern and historically
Kolhapur has been in the centre of controversy with regards its air quality management. An
exceedance factor as per the monitored data that needs immediate attention as is the case
in most of the areas of India. In view of the same the prime facia of every ULB shall be to
establish at least one such Ambient Air Monitoring Station and coordinate / collaborate with
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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
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District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

other monitoring organisation to provide for advisory to general public towards health
associations and risk of exposure.

Inventory and policy formulation action plan is stated in Table 5.

Table 5 Action Plan for Air Quality Management

Sectors Gaps Action Points Priority

Air  Limited CAAQMS to  Emission inventory and source
establish / corroborate apportionment supported with
inferences dispersion and health based
 Sectoral action plans iterative process for science based
not effectively AQM strategy to be established
established  Each ULB to have atleast one
urban and one rural CAAQMS or
three manual stations at least to
include criteria pollutants with
minimum one location to include
parameters of 2009 CPCB
notification and meteorological
data including cloud cover
 Fugitive emission control system
for hot spot emission control to be
installed
 Green barriers / Photo catalyst
options to be evaluated
 Capacity building to be enhanced

6.0 Mining Activity Management plan

The total lease land and the mining in Kolhapur district is 39.72 Hectares. Recently enough 3
numbers of non complying units have been served with the notices

7.0 Noise Action Plan

Other than event base monitoring and special projects related / orders monitoring, MPCB
carries out annual noise monitoring at 4 locations. Noise quality reveals mainly source
specific non compliance such as traffic related in most of the kerb side analysis. Though
zoning categories and regulations therein are particularly specified, in limitation of noise
regulations has always been challenge to the regulatory authority. Table 6 spells potential
management plan that could be taken up on priority by each of the ULBs.

Table 6 Noise Action Plan

Sectors Gaps Action Points Priority

Noise  Excessive exposure  Noise mapping to be carried out High
during noise for zonation purposes
generating potential  At source control using
events/ festivals  physical or natural attenuation
methods to be adopted
 In the path noise control
methodologies using noise
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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
District Environment Plan: Kolhapur

absorbers creating zone of

inhibition / silence zone to be done
 End of the pipe measures such as
PEs acoustic enclosures etc. to be
adopted
 Event based noise control policy to
be effectively implemented

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Prepared by: Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board