The Life and Works of Rizal MODULE Week 8

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023
College: Arts and Sciences

Campus: BAMBANG
DEGREE PROGRAM COURSE NO. GECMS1

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
YEAR LEVEL TIME FRAME 6 Hrs. WK NO. 8 IM NO. 5
I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE
RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH
II. LESSON TITLE
1. Jose Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan

2. Rizal’s Life and Works in Dapitan
3. Romantic Affair with Josephine Bracken
4. Rizal and the Katipunan
5. Exile in Dapitan
6. The Proceedings and Trial
7. Pronouncement and Journey Toward His Patriot Deathbed
8. Rizal’s Death
9. The Precious Moment of His Life
10. Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell)
III. LESSON OVERVIEW

This lesson presents the last days of Rizal during his exile, trial and death. This will allow
the students to analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution and its effect to the Philippine
revolution and nationalism.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution; and

2. analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the Philippine revolution.
V. LESSON CONTENT
1. Jose Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan

During the last home coming of Rizal in the Philippines in 1892, he organized the so called
La Liga Filipina, the civic league of the Filipinos which desired and established its role on the
socio-economic life of the people. The league will be of self-help to alleviate the social ills of the
society during the time of the Spaniards, but the Spanish government got alarmed and arrested
Rizal on July 6, 1892 just four days after the league was established. They also found a bundle of
leaflet “Pobres Frailes” (Poor Friars) which were found on Lucia’s pillowcase under the authorship
of P. Jacinto (Rizal’s pen name), a satire writing against the Dominican friars who enriched
themselves contrary to their vows of poverty. Rizal denied the articles but still he was arrested and
escorted to Fort Santiago. On July 7, 1892, Despujol issued a decree deporting Rizal to Dapitan.
The Decree stated the reason of deportation as follows:
1) the books and articles to Spain, anti-Catholic and anti-friars,
2) the bundle of “Pobres Frailes” (Poor Friars), that satirized the Filipinos and anti-religious
order
3) the El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the GOMBURZA which the Spanish authorities
considered as trators
4) the aim to separate Philippines from the mother country (Spain).
On board the steamer Cebu, Rizal left Manila, sailing through the islands of Mindoro and
Panay, until seven o’clock in the evening of July 17, 1892. He reached Dapitan, a remote town in
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Mindanao which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits. Dapitan became the solitary
witness since July 31, 1896. One of the most fruitful periods with varied achievements in Rizal’s
life. His stay in the town was more than a life in exile-it was the period when Rizal had more than
focused on serving the people and the society through his civic works, medical practices, land
development, and promotion of education; it was the period when Rizal found, somehow, his brief
interlude of peace and freedom.
During the early part of his exile in the town, Rizal lived at the residence of Captain
Carcinero-politico-military governor of the district-because he did not agree with the conditions laid
to him by Fr. Pablo Pastells, superior of the Jesuit parish priests of Dapitan. The conditions were
the following:
1. Rizal must publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were
clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution;
2. he must perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life; and
3. Rizal must present himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of
religion.
As a result, Captain Carcinero and Rizal became good friends, he believed Rizal had fine
qualities and personality and was not a filibuster. The officer gave Rizal complete freedom to roam
everywhere and report only once to him in a week.
On September 21, 1892, Butuan, mail boat which brought the news about Rizal’s winning
in the lottery. Rizal, Carcinero and Francisco Equilor (Spanish resident in Dipolog, neighbor town
of Dapitan) jointly owned the ticket no. 9736. The prize amounts Php 20, 000. 00. Rizal’s share is
Php 6, 200.00. He gave his father Php 2,000.00, Php 200.00 to Roman Basa in Hong Kong, the
rest he invested thru purchasing agricultural lands from the coast of Talisay about kilometer away
from Dapitan.
In Dapitan, Rizal had a scholarly debate with Father Pastells (September 1, 1892 – April
1893) on religion. The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda along with an
advice that Rizal should desist from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the
perspective of individual judgement and self-esteem. In his letter to Fr. Pastells, Rizal revealed his
anti-Catholic ideas because of his bitterness of the Spanish friars who committed abuses. He
believed that individual judgment is a gift from God and everybody should use it. Fr. Pastells tried
his best to win Rizal’s faith back but apparently he failed and they ended up having religious
differences. However, Rizal still continued to be Catholic even he didn’t subscribe to Pastells’
interpretation of church doctrines. He attended masses and celebrated Christmas and other
religious activities in Dapitan. The friar gave Rizal a copy of famous Catholic book by Father
Thomas Kempis entitled “Imitacion de Cristo” (Imitation of Christ) in reciprocation, Rizal gave him a
bust of St. Paul whom he made.
While having a debate with Father Pastells, through letters, Rizal got involved in a quarrel
to Mr. Juan Larder, a French friend and business man. The latter purchased many logs from the
lands of Rizal but these were of poor quality. Angered by the letter of Antonio Miranda, a Dapitan
businessman, expressing his disgust over the business deal, Rizal got mad and challenged Mr.
Larder into a duel. Rather than accepting the duel, Mr. Larder wrote an apology letter to Rizal and
he accepted it.

In his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with the Church, Father Pastells sent to Dapitan, Father
Obach, Cura of Dapitan; Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Cura of Dipolog; and Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez,
Rizal’s favorite teacher at Ateneo de Manila to convince Rizal to return to Catholic faith but they
failed to discard the unorthodox views on the Catholic religion. Estudios sobre la lengua tagala
(study of the tagalog language), a manuscript which Rizal gave to Sanchez on his birthday.
Rizal built a house by the seashore of Talisay surrounded by fruit trees, a school for boys,
and a hospital for his patients. He has an idyllic life in Dapitan. His mother and sister Maria visited
him in August 1893. He also operated his mother’s eye. His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa,
and nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio became his visitors as well.
In the early part of November 1893 (November 3), Rizal’s encountered with a Friar’s spy.
Pablo Mercado – assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house and pretended to be a
relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons with the initials P.M. as evidence of
kinship. The spy offered to be Rizal’s courier of letters for the patriots in Manila. Rizal became
suspicious and wanted to throw the spy outside but considering his values and late hour of the
night, he offered the spy to spend the night at his house. The next day, he sent the spy away. The
spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among the people that he was a relative to Rizal. Rizal
went to the comandancia and reported the impostor to Captain Juan Sitges (successor of
Carnicero). Sitges then ordered Pablo Mercado’s arrest and told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate
him immediately. They found out the real name as Florencio Namanan a.k.a Pablo Mercado,
single and about 30 years old who was hired by the Recollect friars to spy on Rizal’s activities. The
secret mission of Pablo Mercado was not an assassination attempt but espionage only.
2. Rizal’s Life and Works in Dapitan

Rizal was exile in Dapitan for 4 years and 13 days and he maximized his time doing artistic
works, agricultural and civic projects, engaging in business and even writing his family and
friends.
 As a Physician –
 Rizal practiced his profession during his exile in Dapitan. Below are some of his
patients:
 Dona Teodora, his mother. He operated his mother’s right eye. Though the
operation was successful, his mother had a wound infection after ignoring Rizal’s
instruction of not removing the bandages. However, the infection was immediately
treated.
 Don Ignacio Tumarong – He paid Rizal Php 3, 000.00 after he was able to see
again after his operation;
 Don Florencio Azcarraga - rich haciendero of Aklan who was cured of eye
ailment, in turn he gave Rizal a cargo of sugar.
 Rizal prescribed medicinal plants to his poor patients.
 As an Engineer –
 He practiced his title as an expert surveyor (perito agrimensor) from the Ateneo
Municipal. He constructed the Water System of Dapitan and Mr. H.F. Cameron
American engineer praised him for his engineering ingenuity. He also has
community projects in Dapitan:
 Drained the marshes to get rid of malaria that was infesting Dapitan
 Equipped the town with lighting system using Php 500 one of his patients paid
him. The lighting system consisted of coconut oil lamps
 Beautified the town of Dapitan by remodeling the town plaza and making a huge
relief map of Mindanao out of earth, stones and grass.
 As an Educator –
 Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils who increased to 16
and eventually 21. 16 of his pupils did not pay tuition. Instead of charging them
fees, Rizal made them work in his gardens and construction projects. Formal
classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He also applied the “emperor”
system like that of Ateneo. During recess, pupils-built fires to drive away insects,
pruned fruit trees and manured the soil. Outside class hours, students had

gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stone- throwing, swimming, arnis and boating. He
applied holistic education.
 As an Agriculturist –
 Rizal devoted his time in planting crops and fruit bearing trees in his 16-hectare
land later it turned 70 hectares. (Cacao, Coffee, Sugarcane)
 He imported modern machinery from United States and introduced to the native
farmers of Dapitan because he believed that the place is suitable for cattle raising
but his plan did not materialize.
 As a Businessman –
 With Ramon Carreon, his partner, Rizal tried fishing, copra and hemp industries.
 As an Inventor –
 In 1887, he invented a special lighter
(cigarette lighter) called sulpukan/sulpakan
during his medical practice and he sent it to
Blumentritt as a gift. The wooden lighter’s
mechanism was based on the principle of
compressed air.
 Wooden brick-maker that can manufacture
about 6,000 bricks a day.
 As an Artist –
 Rizal contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin.
 Made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan
 Modeled a statuette called “The Mother’s Revenge” to stress the moral of the
incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten by a crocodile
 Constructed a statue of a girl called “The Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of
Josephine Bracken (Rizal’s wife)
 Made a bust of St. Paul for Father Pastells
 As a Linguist –
 He studied and made comparisons of the Bisayan and Malayan languages in the
region.
 He has knowledge in 22 languages (Tagalog, Ilocano, Bisayan, Subanum,
Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malayan, Hebrew,
Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Sweddish, and
Russian).
 As a Scientist –
 Rizal’s Contributions to Science
 Rizal sent specimens he found to the museum of Europe especially the Dresden
Museum. In turn, he received scientific books and surgical instruments
 He had (1) built up a rich collection of concology (consisting of 346 shells of 203
species) (2) discovered rare specimens like: Draco rizali(a flying dragon),
Apogonia rizali (a small beetle, Rhacophorus rizali(a rare frog)
 Conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geological and
geographical studies.
3. Romantic Affair with Josephine Bracken

The death of Leonor Rivera left a poignant void in Rizal’s
heart. In his loneliness, he met Josephine Bracken, 18-year-old
Irish girl who was born in Hong Kong. Her parents James Bracken
and Elizabeth Jane MacBride were both Irish but Mr. George Taufer
adopted Josephine after her mother died of childbirth.
Mr. Taufer became blind so he sought for an ophthalmic
specialist. This is how Josephine and Rizal met in February 1895
and a Filipina named Manuela Olarc. Rizal and Bracken instantly
fell in love with each other “love at first sight.” He called her “Miss
B” and his family was not pleased by their relationship. In his letter to her mother, “Please treat
Josephine as a person whom I esteem and much appreciate, and I would not like to see
exposed and abandoned.”
In one month, they agreed to marry and when Mr. Taufer sensed their affair, he flared up in
rage and trying to commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a razor, but Rizal prevented him
from killing himself. To avoid any tragedy, Bracken went away with Taufer to Manila. Later, Mr.
Taufer went back to Hong Kong because his eye ailment was venereal, hence incurable. Father
Pedro, refused to marry them unless Rizal retracted from religious error and returned to Catholic
faith.
Since no priest willing to marry them, they decided to have a “live in” relationship which
enraged the priests even more. In 1896, this bore its fruit – Josephine was pregnant.
Unfortunately, like some accounts say, as a result some incidence that have might shocked or
frightened Bracken, she gave birth to a premature baby boy who live for only three hours. The
child was buried in Dapitan bearing the name “Francisco,” after his grandfather.
4. Rizal and the Katipunan
Prior the outbreak of the revolution, the Katipunan leader, Andres Bonifacio, sought the
advice of Rizal. In a secret meeting on May 2, 1896, at Bitukang Manok River in Pasig, the
group agreed to send Pio Valenzuela as a representative to Dapitan who would inform Rizal of
their plan to launch a revolution against the Spaniards.
With a round trip first class ticket worth P60, Valenzuela went to Dapitan and used the
name, Procopio Bonifacio. Aboard the steamship Venus, he arrived at the bay of Dapitan on
June 21, 1896. Together with him in the ship were Josephine Bracken, Rizal’s sister Narcissa,
and Rizal’s niece, Angelica Lopez. From the ship, Valenzuela together with two other
companions, Raymundo Mata, a blind man, and Rufino Magos, an attendant proceeded directly
to the house of Rizal.
At night, Rizal invited Valenzuela for dinner. After supper, they talked in the garden.
There, Valenzuela told him of the Katipunan’s plan. Regarding this, Rizal outspokenly objected
Bonifacio’s “premature” idea for two reasons:
a. The Filipinos were still unprepared for such bloody revolution; and
b. The Katipunan lacked machinery-before plotting a revolution, there must be sufficient
arms and funds collected.
Rizal also advised the Katipunan leaders to attract “all wealthy and influential persons of
Manila and the provinces” to join the secret organization. To attract the rich, he suggested them
to seek help of Antonio Luna. Rizal believed that Luna would be very helpful in the revolution
because “he can direct the campaign in case of hostilities break out”. Valenzuela, on the other
hand, told Rizal of their plan to rescue him in Dapitan. Again, the exiled hero disagreed
because he had no plan of breaking his word of honor to the Spanish authorities. So
Valenzuela went back to Manila without convincing Rizal.
5. Military Doctor in Cuba
On July 30, 1896, Rizal was given a go-signal to go to Cuba to serve as voluntary military
doctor during the Cuban Revolution and there was a yellow fever epidemic through the letter of
Governor General Ramon Blanco. After four years, thirteen days and a few hours, Rizal bade
goodbye to Dapitan as he rode the España, steamer which brought Rizal to Manila. He was
accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews and six
pupils.
 August 6, 1896 – The España arrived in Manila on a Thursday morning. he failed to catch the
mail ship Isla de Luzon because it had earlier departed midnight of the same day. Governor-
General Blanco, on orders, transferred Rizal to the Spanish cruiser Castilla. Captain Enrique
gave Rizal a good accommodation because Rizal was told that he was not a prisoner but a
guest on board in order to avoid difficulties from friends and enemies. Rizal stayed in the
cruiser for about a month (August 6 to September 3, 1896) pending in the availability of a
Spain-bound ship.

 August 19, 1896 – The Katipunan’s plot to overthrow the Spanish rule means of revolution was
discovered by the Fray Mariano Gil, an Augustinian Cura of Tondo.
 August 26, 1896 – The Cry of Balintawak was raised by Bonifacio and hi9 valiant Katipuneros.
 August 30, 1896 – Bonifacio and Iacinto attacked San Juan (Battles of San Juan). In the
afternoon, Governor-General Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first eight provinces
Manila (as a province), Bulacan, Cavite, Batangasl Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ejica, and
Tarlac. Rizal learned of the eruption and the raging battles in Manila through the newspapers
he read while on board the steamer Cutllla On this day also, mu] rewwed a letter absolvmg
him all blame for raging revolution.
 September 2, 1896 – At 6 00 p.m., Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay “huh
was to sail for Barcelona, Spam. This was his last trip to Spam. Among his fellow passengers
on board were Don Pedro Roxas (rich Manila industrialist) and his son Periquin.
 September 7, 1896 – Rizal arrived in Singapore in the evening of September 7. Together with
other passengers, he went sightseeing and shopping. He was, however, placed under arrest
by the ship skipper Captain Alimany, upon instruction from Manila government. Rizal was
unaware that since his departure from Manila Bay on his way to Spain, Govemor-General
Blanco was secretly conspiring with the Minister of War and the Colonies for his destruction.
The two were exchanging coded telegrams and confidential messages for his arrest. He was
secretly being kept under surveillance.
 September 30, 1896 - The steamer anchored at Malta at about 6:25 in the evening. Being a
prisoner, he was confined in his cabin. He was not able to visit the famous island fortress of
the Christian crusaders.
 October 3, 1896 - The steamer Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona about 10:00 o’clock in the
evening. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted for 30 days. He was kept under heavy guard
in the cabin for three (3) days by General Eulogio Despujol and his men. The General
happened to be the same person who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in July 1892.
 October 6, 1896 – At 3:00 am. of October 6, he was awakened and escorted to the infamous
prison-fortress Monjuich. He spent the whole morning inside the cell. At 2:00 p.rn. he was
taken out of the cell and brought to the headquarters of General Despujol. He was told that he
would be shipped back to Manila on board the ship Colon. At 8:00 pm. Rizal was taken aboard
the ship which was full of soldiers, officers, and their families. The ship left Barcelona with
Rizal on board.
 October 11, 1896 – Rizal’s diary was taken away before reaching Port Said. His diary was
critically scrutinized by the Spanish authorities but nothing dangerous was found in its content.
The cabin was also thoroughly searched but no subversive materials were found.
 November 2, 1896 – Rizal’s diary was returned to him. At this time, news reports on Rizal’s
predicament reached his friends in Europe and Singapore. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto
Lopez requested Atty. Fort, an English lawyer in Singapore to institute a writ of habeas corpus
to the Supreme Court for the removal of Rizal from the steamer. Unfortunately, Chief Justice
Lornel Cox denied the writ on the grounds that the steamer Colon is a warship of a foreign
power and was carrying Spanish troops. Under International law, the Singapore authorities
has no jurisdiction over the steamer.
 November 3, 1896 – The steamer Colon reached Manila. Meanwhile, the Spanish authorities
who wanted to get evidence against Rizal arrested Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela,
Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo. Rizal was brought to Fort Santiago
where other patriots were incarcerated including his brother Paciano to implicate Rizal. But
Paciano refused to sign anything despite being his body broken and his left hand crushed.
6. The Proceedings and Trial

On November 20, 1896, Rizal’s investigation started before the Judge Advocate Colonel
Francisco Olive. Documentary and testimonial evidences were presented against him. The
documentary evidences were:
1. Antonio Luna’s letter to Mariano Ponce on October 16, 1888 which showed Rizal ’s
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain.
2. Rizal’s letter to his family on August 20, 1890in which he stated that the deportations are
good for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny.
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s letter to Deodato Arellano on January 7, 1889 implicating Rizal in the
Propaganda campaign in Spain.
4. A poem “Kundiman” allegedly written by Rizal in September 12, 1891 which mentioned that
“in a land of beauty, despot reigns and where the slaves are oppressed in the tyrant’s
grips”.
5. Carlos Oliver’s letter to an unidentified person on September 18, 1891 describing Rizal as
the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression.
6. A Masonic document dated February 9, 1892 which honored Rizal for his patriotic services.
7. Dimasalang's letter (Rizal’s pen name) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s name) dated May 24,
1892 which stated that Rizal was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be
persecuted by the Spanish authorities.
8. Dimasalang’s (Rizal) letter to an unidentified committee on June 1, 1892 soliciting the aid of
the committee in his “Patriotic work”.
9. Anonymous undated letter to the editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph censoring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
10. Ildefonso Laurel’s letter to Rizal on mentioning that Filipinos look up to Rizal as their savior.
11. Ildefonso Laurel’s letter to Rizal dated September 3, 1893 informing an unidentified
correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.
12. Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s letter to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta) dated June 1, 1893
recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of masonry, to
help the cause of the Filipino people.
13. Transcript of speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a reunion of Katipunan on July 23, 1893
in which the following cry was uttered “Long Live the Philippines! Long Live Liberty! Long
Live Doctor Rizal’s Unity!”
14. Transcript of speech of Tik-Tol (Jose Turiano Santiago), in the same Katipunan reunion
wherein the Katipuneros uttered; Long Live the Philippines! Long Live the eminent Doctor
Rizal! Death to the oppressor of nation!”
15. Laong Laan’s (Rizal) poem “Talisay” in which the author made the schoolboys of Dapitan
sing.
The restimonial evidence included the oral testimonies of Martin Constantino, Aguedo del
Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Sabado, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano,
Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Laktaw, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison, and
Timoteo Paez.
After the preliminary investigation, the Judge Advocate General submitted the following
recommendation.
1) The accused be in immediately brought to trial.
2) He should be kept in prison.
3) An order of attachment be issued against his property as an indemnity.
4) He should be defended in court by an army officer.
Rizal chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade as his defender, from the 100 names listed and 1 st
Lieutenant of the artillery. On December 11, 1896, Rizal was accused of three (3) crimes:
rebellion, sedition and illegal association. On December 13 new Governor General was installed
in the Philippines, Camilo Polavieja. On December 28, despite all valid pleadings, the military
court, vindicate as it was unanimously voted for the sentence of death, Polavieja approved the
decision of the court – martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at the back by a firing squad on
December 30 at 7:00 in the morning in Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
7. Pronouncement and Journey Toward His Patriot Deathbed
o December 29, 1896, 6:00 AM - Rizal was read his verdict by Captain Rafael Dominguez.
To be shot the next day at 7:00 a.m. at the Luneta de Bagumbayan (Rizal Park)
o 7:00 AM - Rizal was transferred to the chapel cell which were adorned by religious
images to convince him to go back to Catholic fold. His first visitors were Fathers Miguel
Sadera Mata and Luis Viza.
o 7:15 AM - After Father Saderra left, Rizal asked Fr. Viza for the Sacred Heart statuette
which he carved when he was an Ateneo student. From his pocket the same statue
appeared.
o 8:00 AM - Father Viza was relieved by Father Antonio Rosell who joined Rizal for
breakfast. Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade joined them.
o 9:00 AM - Fr. Federico Faura, who once said that Rizal would lose his head for writing
Noli Me Tangere, arrived. Rizal told him, "Father, you are indeed a poet.”
o 10:00 AM - Fathers Jose Vilaclara and Estanislao March visited Rizal, followed by a
Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix of El Heraldo Madrid, for an Interview.
o 12:00-3:30 PM - Rizal was alone in his cell. He had lunch, wrote letters and probably
wrote his last poem of 14 stanzas which he wrote in his flowing handwriting in a very
small piece of paper. He hid it inside his alcohol stove. The untitled poem was later
known as Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell). In its Second stanza, he already praised
the revolutionaries in the battlefield in giving their lives” without doubt, without gloom.”
o 3:00 PM: According to an account of the agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia guarding
Rizal’s cell, Rizal signed what seems to be the document retracting his anti-Cathoiic
writings and his membership in masonry. This event is a contentious issue among Rizal
experts.
o 4:00 PM - Visit of Rizal’s mother, Teodora Alonso. Then Rizal’s sister Trinidad entered to
get her mother and Rizal whispered to her in English referring to the alcohol stove,
“There is something inside.” They were also accompanied by Narcisa, Lucia, Josefa,
Maria and son Mauricio Cruz. Leoncio Lapez Rial, Narcisa’s eleven-year-old son, was
not allowed to enter the cell. While leaving for their carriages, an official handed over the
alcohol stove to Narcisa. After their visit, Fathers Vilaclara and Estanislao March returned
to the cell followed by Father Rosell.
o 6:00 PM - Rizal was visited by the Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez
Tuñon. Father March left Father Vilaclara to be with the two.
o 8:00 PM - Rizal’s last supper where he informed Captain Dominguez that he already
forgave those who condemned him.
o 9:30 PM - Rizal was visited by the fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of Manila, Don Gaspar
Cestaño with whom Rizal offered the best chair of the cell According to accounts, the
fiscal left with “a good impression of Rizal’s intelligence and noble character.”
o 10:00 PM - The draft of the retraction sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop Bernardino
Nozaleda (1890-1903) was submitted by Father Balaguer to Rizal for signature but Rizal
rejected it at first because it W85 too long. Another shorter retraction was prepared by
Father Pio Pi, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippine, which was acceptable to
Rizal. Rizal wrote his own retraction in which he abjured masonry and his religious ideas
which were anti-Catholic. The Rizal’s retraction is now controversial document. The
Rizalist scholars were anti-Mason or anti-Catholic claimed it to be forgery.

o December 30, 1896 at 3:00 AM - Rizal heard a mass, confessed his sins and took Holy
communion. At 5:30 a.m., he took his last breakfast. Also, Josephine Bracken
accompanied by Josefa (Rizal’s sister) arrived. Before Iosephine Bracken left, Rizal gave
her a religious book “Imitation of Christ” by Thomas Kempis, which was autographed: “To
my dear unhappy wife, Josephine. Dec. 30, 1896.”
o 5:30 AM - Rizal took his last meal. According to stories told to Narcisa by Lt. Luis Taviel
de Andrade, Rizal threw some eggs in the corner of a cell for the “poor rats,” “Let them
have their fiesta too.” Rizal also wrote to his family and to his brother.
o 6:00 AM - Rizal wrote his father, Francisco Mercado “My beloved Father, Pardon me for
the pain with which I repay you for sorrows and sacrifices for my education. I did not want
nor did I prefer it. Goodbye, Father, goodbye... lose Rizal.” To his mother, he had only
these words, “To my very dear Mother, Sra. Dofia Teodora Alonso 6 o’clock in the
morning, December 30, 1896. Jose Rizal.”
o 1896 at 6:30 AM - A trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death march
to Bagumbayan. The four (4) soldiers who acted as advanced guards with bayoneted
rifles moved first. A few meters behind, Rizal walked calmly with his defense counsel on
one side and two Jesuit priests on the other. Behind them were the soldiers. With the
sounds of the drum, the cavalcade marched slowly, passing the narrow Postigo Gate
(one of the gates of the city wall), and reached the Malecon (new Bonifacio drive). Rizal
walked serenely to Bagumbayan field and was told to stand on a grassy lawn by the
shore of the Manila Bay, between two lamp posts.
Rizal bade farewell to Fathers March and Villaclara and to his defender Lt. Luis Taviel de
Andrade. One of the priests blessed him and offered him a crucifix to kiss. Rizal requested that
he be shot facing the firing squad but his request was denied because the orders was to shot
him in the back. Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, the Spanish military physician who took his pulse was
amazed to find it normal.
8. Rizal’s Death
December 30, 1896 at 7:03 AM, with the
captain shouting “Fuego!” (fire) Shouts rang
out iron! the guns of eight Indio soldiers. Rizal,
being a convicted criminal was not facing the
firing squad. As he was hit, he resists and
turns himself to face his executors with his last
words “Consumatum est” (It is done). He falls
down and dies facing the sky.
9. The Precious Moment of His Life
o 30 December 1896, afternoon -
Narcisa, after a long search,
discovered where her brother’s body was secretly buried, at the old unused Paco
Cemetery. She asked the guards to place a marble plaque designed by Doroteo
Ongjungco containing Rizal’s initials in reverse—“RPJ.”
Rizal’s cranium. Photo courtesy

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) of Dr. Ambeth R. Ocampo Page 9 of 17
o 17 August 1898 - Four days after the Mock Battle of Manila when the Americans took
over the city, the remains of Rizal where exhumed. They were brought to Narcisa’s
house, washed and cleansed and were placed in an ivory urn designed by Romualdo
Teodoro de Jesus. The urn stayed there until 1912.
Rizal’s urn. Photo courtesy of Dr. Vic Torres.
o 29 December 1912 - From Estraude Street in Binondo, Manila, the urn was transferred in
a procession headed by the masons and the Knights of Rizal to the marble hall of the
Ayuntamiento de Manila, where it stayed overnight with the Knights on guard.
o 30 December 1912, morning - In a solemn procession, the urn began its last journey to
Rizal’s final resting place the base of the soon-to-rise national monument to José Rizal.
o 30 December 1913: The Rizal National Monument at the Luneta was inaugurated. Its
original design name was “Motto Stella” (Guiding Star) and was made by Swiss sculptor
Dr. Richard Kissling who earlier also made the National Monument to William Tell, the
National Hero of Switzerland.
“Motto Stella” by Dr. Richard Kissling. From Austin Craig.

o 30 December 2012 - The transfer of the remains of Rizal from Binondo to the site of the
Rizal Monument was recreated one hundred years later by the Order of the Knights of
Rizal and the National Historical Commission of the Philippines in commemoration of
Rizal’s 116th Martyrdom Anniversary.
10. Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell)

The Mi Ultimo adios could be the most translated poem in the world. It has been translated
into 40 languages.
Spanish Version Translation in Tagalog
¡Adiós, Patria adorada, región del sol querida, Paalam na, sintang lupang tinubuan,
Perla del mar de oriente, nuestro perdido Edén! Bayang masagana sa init ng araw,
A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida, Edeng maligaya sa ami’y pumanaw
Y fuera más brillante, más fresca, más florida, At perlas ng dagat sa dakong Silangan.
También por ti la diera, la diera por tu bien.
En campos de batalla, luchando con delirio, Inihahandog ko ng ganap na tuwa

Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar; Sa iyo yaring buhay na lanta na’t aba;
El sitio nada importa, ciprés, laurel o lirio, Naging dakila ma’y iaalay rin nga
Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o cruel Kung dahil sa iyong ikatitimawa.
martirio, Ang nanga sa digmaan dumog sa paglaban
Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar. Handog din sa iyo ang kanilang buhay,
Hirap ay di pansin at di gunamgunam
Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora Ang pagkaparool o pagtagumpay.
Y al fin anuncia el día tras lóbrego capuz;
si grana necesitas para teñir tu aurora, Bibitaya’t madlang mabangis na sakit
Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora O pakikibakang lubhang mapanganib,
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz. Pawang titiisin kung ito ang nais
Ng baya’t tahanang pinakaiibig.
Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho Ako’y mamamatay ngayong minamalas
adolescente, Ang kulay ng langit na nanganganinag
Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor, Ibinababalang araw ay sisikat
Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente, Sa kabila niyang mapanglaw na ulap.
Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor Kung dugo ang iyong kinakailangan
Sa ikadidilag ng iyong pagsilang,
Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo, Dugo ko’y ibubo’t sa isa man lamang
¡Salud te grita el alma que pronto va a partir! Nang gumigiti mong sinag ay kuminang.
¡Salud! Ah, que es hermoso caer por darte vuelo, Ang mga nasa ko, mulang magkaisip,
Morir por darte vida, morir bajo tu cielo, Magpahanggang ngayon maganap ang bait,
Y en tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir. Ang ikaw’y makitnag hiyas na marikit
Ng dagat Silangan na nakaliligid.
Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un día
Noo mo’y maningning at sa mga mata
Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor,
Mapait na luha bakas ma’y wala na,
Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía,
Wala ka ng poot, wala ng balisa,
Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría,
Walang kadungua’t munti mang pangamba,
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor.
Sa sandaling buhay maalab kong nais
Deja a la luna verme con luz tranquila y suave, Ang kagalingan mo’t ang paiwang sulit
Deja que el alba envíe su resplandor fugaz, Ng kaluluwa king gayak ng aalis:
Deja gemir al viento con su murmullo grave, Ginhawa’y kamtan mo! Anong pagkarikit!
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave,
Nang maaba’t ikaw’y mapataas lamang,
Deja que el ave entone su cántico de paz.
Mamatay at upang mabigyan kang buihay,
Malibing sa lupang puspos ng karika’t
Deja que el sol, ardiendo, las lluvias evapore
Sa silong ng iyong langit ay mahimlay.
Y al cielo tornen puras, con mi clamor en pos;
Deja que un ser amigo mi fin temprano llore Kung sa ibang araw ikaw’y may mapansin
Y en las serenas tardes cuando por mí alguien Nipot na bulaklak sa aba kong libing,
ore, Sa gitna ng mga damong masisinsin,
¡Ora también, oh Patria, por mi descanso a Dios! Hagka’t ang halik mo’y itaos sa akin.
Ora por todos cuantos murieron sin ventura, Sa samyo ng iyong pagsuyong matamis,
Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual, Mataos na taghoy ng may sintang sibsib,
Por nuestras pobres madres que gimen su Bayang tumaggap noo ko ng init,
amargura; Na natatabunan ng lupang malamig.
Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura Bayan mong ako’y malasin ng buwan
Y ora por ti que veas tu redención final. Sa liwang niyang hilano’t malamlam;
Bayan ihatid sa aking liwayway
Y cuando en noche oscura se envuelva el Ang banaang niyang dagling napaparam.
cementerio
Y solos sólo muertos queden velando allí, Bayaang humalik ang simoy ng hangin;
No turbes su reposo, no turbes el misterio, Bayaang sa huning masaya’y awitin
Tal vez acordes oigas de cítara o salterio, Ng darapong ibon sa kurus ng libing
Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto a ti. Ang buhay payapang ikinaaaliw.
Bayaang ang araw na lubhang maningas
Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada Pawiin ang ulan, gawing pawang ulap,
No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar, Maging panganuring sa langit umakyat,
Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la At ang aking daing ay mapakilangkap.
azada,
Y mis cenizas, antes que vuelvan a la nada, Bayaang ang aking maagang pagpanw,
El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan a formar. Itangis ng isnag lubos na nagmamahal;
Kung may umalala sa akin ng dasal,
Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido. Ako’y iyo sanang idalangin naman.
Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré. Idalangin mo rin ang di nagkapalad,
Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oído, Na nangamatay na’t yaong nanganhirap
Aroma, luz, colores, rumor, canto, gemido, sa daming pasakit, at ang lumalangap
Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fe. naming mga ina luhang masaklap.
Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores, Idalangin sampo ng bawa’t ulila

Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adiós. at nangapipiit na tigib ng dusa;
Ahí te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores. idalangin mo ring ikaw’y matubos na
Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni sa pagkaaping laong binata.
opresores, Kung nababalot na ang mga libingan
Donde la fe no mata, donde el que reina es Dios. Ng sapot na itim ng gabing mapanglaw,
at wala ng tanod kundi pawing patay,
Adiós, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía, huwang gambalain ang katahimikan.
Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Dad gracias que descanso del fatigoso día; Pagpitagan mo ang hiwagang lihim,
Adiós, dulce extranjera, mi amiga, mi alegría, at mapapakinggan ang tinig marahil,
Adiós, queridos seres, morir es descansar. ng isang saltero: Ito nga’y ako ring
inaawitanka ng aking paggiliw.
Kung ang libingan kong limot na ang madla
ay wala nang kurus at bato mang tanda
sa nangangabubukid ay ipaubayang
bungkali’t isabog ang natipong lupa.
Ang mga abo ko’y bago pailanglang
mauwi sa wala na pinaggalingan,
ay makalt munag parang kapupunanng
iyong alabok sa lupang tuntungan.
Sa gayo’y walaa ng anoman sa akin,
na limutin mo ma’t aking lilibutin
ang himpapawid mo kaparanga’t hangin
at ako sa iyo’y magiging taginting.
Bango, tinig, higing, awit na masaya
liwanag aat kulay na lugod ng mata’t
uulit-ulitin sa tuwi-tuwina.
Ako’y yayao na sa bayang payapa,
na walang alipi’t punoing mapang-aba,
doo’y di nanatay ang paniniwala
at ang naghahari Diyos na dakila.
Paalam anak, magulang, kapatid,
bahagi ng puso’t unang nakaniig,
ipagpasalamat ang aking pag-alis
sa buhay na itong lagi ng ligalig.
Paalam na liyag, tanging kaulayaw,
taga ibang lupang aking katuwaan,
paaalam sa inyo, mga minamahal;
mamatay ay ganap na katahimikan.
Brief Explanation
Stanza Meaning
I. He expresses of sacrifice for and goodbye to his motherland.
II. He deals with martyrdom and his service for the country by offering his life.
III. He talks about his death, final end.
IV. He presents his vision, that is, to see Philippines free and developed.
V. He goes back to his death. He declares that it is his desire to die for the
sake of the country.
VI. He desires that his country also shows love for him by offering flowers on
his tomb.
VII. He requests for proper burial.
VIII. He urges the country to offer prayer for him and his rest in God.
IX. He requests for prayers for others. For those people who died and fro
those mothers who mourn.
X. He mention that the dead are forgotten.
XI. Although the dead are forgotten, he hopes that his spirit will continue to live
XII. on.
XIII. He expresses farewell to his loved ones. He also discusses heaven, a
place where no slave and oppressor and there is only one Almighty
Creator.
XIV. Finally, he said that death is rest. All people die. Here, he shows us the
thoughts and sentiments.
VI.

VII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Detective Mapping. Analyze the factors and present all involved people and events that led up
to Rizal’s execution. A minimum of 15 elements are required.
Rubrics
Criteria 5 4 2 1 X2
Student has Student has Student has Student has included
included all the included almost included more less than half of the
requirements all of the than half of the requirements
according to the requirements requirements according to the
Content/Labels/ instructions given in according to the according to the instructions given in
Names class. All content instructions given instructions given class. Less than half
has been done in class. Most in class. More the content has been
correctly. content has been than half of the done correctly.
done correctly. content has been
done correctly.
The appearance of The appearance The appearance The appearance of
the tree is very of the tree is clear of the tree is the tree is not clear
clear and very neat. and neat. The somewhat clear nor neat. The
The generations generations are and neat. The generations are not
Appearance/ are extremely easy easy to read. It is generations are easy to read. It is not
Readability to read. It is very clear that the sometimes easy clear that the student
clear that the student has made to read. has made an effort to
student has made a good effort to make the tree.
an excellent effort make the tree.
to make the tree.
Student presented Student Student Student presented
poster but could not presented poster presented poster poster but could not
identify most family in Spanish but in Spanish but identify most family
Presentation members in could not identify could not identify members in Spanish
Spanish or had to some family some family or had to use note
use note cards members members cards during
during presentation. correctly. correctly. presentation.

Poster Making. Make a poster illustration the effects of Rizal’s death to the Philippine Revolution
and also its effects on today’s generation.
Rubrics
Indicators
Criteria
5 4 2 1 X2
Content / All graphics are Some graphics are Few graphics relate Graphics do not
Relevance to related to the topic related to the to the topic. relate to the
the Topic and make it easier to topic. topic.
understand.
Originality Several of the One or two of the The graphics are No graphics
graphics used on the graphics used on made by the made by the
poster reflect an the poster reflect student, but are student are
exceptional degree of student creativity based on the included.
student creativity in in their creation designs or ideas of
their creation and/or and/or display. others.
display.
Grammar There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are more
grammatical grammatical grammatical than 2
mistakes on the mistake on the mistakes on the grammatical
poster. poster. poster. mistakes on the
poster.
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive acceptably attractive distractingly
attractive in terms of design, though it may be a messy or
in terms of design, layout, and bit very poorly
layout, and neatness. neatness. messy. designed. It
is not attractive.


VIII. REFERENCES
Ariola, M. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Manila: Unlimited Books Library Services &
Publishing Inc.,
Cabactulanariel (2014). My Last Farewell (Tagalog, Spanish and English). Retrieved on

September 24, 2020 from https://cabactulanariel.wordpress.com/2014/05/06/my-last-farewell-
tagalog-spanish-and-english/
Chua, M. (2012). The Last Days of José Rizal: A Timeline of His Last Arrest, Incarceration,
Execution and the Journey of His Remains. Retrieved on September 24, 2020 from
https://xiaochua.net/2012/12/25/the-last-days-of-jose-rizal-a-timeline-of-his-last-arrest-
incarceration-execution-and-the-journey-of-his-remains/
De Viana, A., Cabrera, H., Samala, E., De Vera, M. & Atutubo, J. (2018) Jose Rizal: Social
Reformer and Patriot. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.,
Francisco, V., Francisco, PM., Dulay, M., Battung, J. & Bumidang, J. (2018). Rizal: A Modualr
Approach Based on the New CHED Curriculum. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.,
Pawilen, R., Crudo, ER., Guiwa, HI. & Pawilen, G. (2018). Course Module for The Life, Works,
and Writings of Rizal. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.,
Slideshare.net (2012). Rizal Chapter 22 Exile in Dapitan (Gregorio F. Zaide). Retrieved on

September 24, 2020 from https://www.slideshare.net/phieebz/rizal-chapter22-exile-in-dapitan


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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

College: Arts and Sciences

DEGREE PROGRAM COURSE NO. GECMS1

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH

II. LESSON TITLE

1. Jose Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution; and

1. Jose Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 17

2. Rizal’s Life and Works in Dapitan

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 17

3. Romantic Affair with Josephine Bracken

4. Rizal and the Katipunan

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 5 of 17

6. The Proceedings and Trial

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 6 of 17

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 8 of 17

Rizal’s cranium. Photo courtesy

Rizal’s urn. Photo courtesy of Dr. Vic Torres.

“Motto Stella” by Dr. Richard Kissling. From Austin Craig.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 10 of 17

10. Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell)

Spanish Version Translation in Tagalog

En campos de batalla, luchando con delirio, Inihahandog ko ng ganap na tuwa

Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores, Idalangin sampo ng bawa’t ulila

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 13 of 17

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 14 of 17

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 15 of 17

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 16 of 17

Cabactulanariel (2014). My Last Farewell (Tagalog, Spanish and English). Retrieved on

Slideshare.net (2012). Rizal Chapter 22 Exile in Dapitan (Gregorio F. Zaide). Retrieved on

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 17 of 17

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