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    Chem Reviewer

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    kaye arcede
    This document discusses key concepts from kinetic molecular theory including: 1) Kinetic molecular theory is based on postulates that matter is made of particles in constant motion with kinetic energy related to temperature and space between particles related to state of matter. 2) Phase changes such as condensation, freezing, melting, vaporization, deposition, and sublimation occur when temperature changes sufficiently cause a change between gas, liquid, and solid states. 3) Freezing, deposition, and condensation are exothermic processes while melting, sublimation, and vaporization are endothermic.

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    Chem Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    kaye arcede
    29 views8 pages
    This document discusses key concepts from kinetic molecular theory including: 1) Kinetic molecular theory is based on postulates that matter is made of particles in constant motion with kinetic energy related to temperature and space between particles related to state of matter. 2) Phase changes such as condensation, freezing, melting, vaporization, deposition, and sublimation occur when temperature changes sufficiently cause a change between gas, liquid, and solid states. 3) Freezing, deposition, and condensation are exothermic processes while melting, sublimation, and vaporization are endothermic.

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    This document discusses key concepts from kinetic molecular theory including: 1) Kinetic molecular theory is based on postulates that matter is made of particles in constant motion with kinetic energy related to temperature and space between particles related to state of matter. 2) Phase changes such as condensation, freezing, melting, vaporization, deposition, and sublimation occur when temperature changes sufficiently cause a change between gas, liquid, and solid states. 3) Freezing, deposition, and condensation are exothermic processes while melting, sublimation, and vaporization are endothermic.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views8 pages

    Chem Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    kaye arcede
    This document discusses key concepts from kinetic molecular theory including: 1) Kinetic molecular theory is based on postulates that matter is made of particles in constant motion with kinetic energy related to temperature and space between particles related to state of matter. 2) Phase changes such as condensation, freezing, melting, vaporization, deposition, and sublimation occur when temperature changes sufficiently cause a change between gas, liquid, and solid states. 3) Freezing, deposition, and condensation are exothermic processes while melting, sublimation, and vaporization are endothermic.

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    CHEMISTRY REVIEWER

    Kinetic Molecular Theory

    -It is a model used to explain the behaviour of matter. It is based on a


    series of postulates.

    KMT Postulates
    - Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. This energy in
    motion is called kinetic energy.

    -The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature.

    -There is a space between particles. The amount of space in between


    particles is related to the substance’s state of matter.

    -Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes


    sufficiently.

    PHASE CHANGES

    Gas to Liquid —----> Condensation

    Liquid to Solid —---> Freezing

    Solid to Liquid —----> Melting

    Liquid to Gas —-----> Vaporization

    Gas to Solid —-----> Deposition

    Solid to Gas —------> Sublimation


    Phase Changes

    Condensation- is a process by which water vapor in the air is changed into


    liquid water.

    Freezing- The process through which a substance changes from a liquid to


    a solid.

    Melting- Change of a solid into a liquid when heat is applied.

    Vaporization- Conversion of a substance from the liquid phase into the


    gaseous phase.

    Deposition- When a substance in gas form changes state to become a solid.

    Sublimation- When a solid turns directly into a gas, skipping the liquid
    phase.

    ENDOTHERMIC VS EXOTHERMIC

    -Freezing, Deposition, and Condensation are EXOTHERMIC.


    -Melting, Sublimation, and Vaporization are ENDOTHERMIC.

    -If heat is added to a substance, such as in melting, vaporization, and


    sublimation, the process is endothermic.

    -If heat is removed from a substance, such as in freezing and condensation,


    then the process is exothermic.
    KMT Postulates

    -There are attractive forces in between particles called intermolecular


    forces. The strength of these forces increase as particles get closer
    together.

    INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES

    Ionic Bonds- This bond is formed by the complete transfer of valence


    electron (s) between atoms.

    Covalent Bonds- They share electrons in order to achieve octet


    configuration and become more stable.
    Polar Covalent Bonds- Formed when atoms of slightly different
    electronegativities share electrons. The difference in electronegativity
    between 0.5 and 1.9.

    Nonpolar Covalent Bonds- A nonpolar covalent bond is formed between


    same atoms with very similar electronegativities — the difference in
    elecrtonegativity <0.5.
    Mettalic Bonds- This type of covalent bonding specifically occurs between
    atoms of metals, in which the valence electrons are free to move through
    the lattice.

    Dipole-Dipole- These forces occur when the partially positively charged part
    of a molecule interacts with the partially negatively charged part of the
    neighboring molecule.
    Hydrogen Bonding- This is a special kind of dipole-dipole interaction that
    ocuurs specifically between a hydrogen atom bonded to either an oxygen,
    nitrogen, or flourine atom.

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