Midterm Unit 6 Handtools

Unit 6
Using Hand Tools
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
 Identify and select hand tools used in welding

 Apply the proper usage of hand tools
 Appreciate the importance of maintaining hand tools
Introduction
A hand tool is any tool that is powered by hand rather than a motor. Categories of hand tools include
wrenches, pliers, cutters, files, striking tools, struck or hammered tools, screwdrivers, vises, clamps,
snips, hacksaws, drills, and knives.
Lesson 1- Hand Tools
MEASURING TOOLS
1. Pull-push rule. This flexible rule when extended will support itself, but may also be used to
measure curved, irregular surfaces. Steel tape rule blade is usually ½ inch wide and 72 inches long.
The graduation is sixteenths, except for the first 6 inches which are graduated in thirty-seconds of an
inch.
2. Steel tape is similar to a push- pull rule except for its flexible number of feet that are marked on
the tape. The tape is 3/8 inch wide and available in lengths from 25 to 100 feet.
3. Steel rule. This is the most common tool used in tool room. It is made of tampered steel about 1/8
inch thick and ¾ inch wide and 6 to 12 inches long. The same style maybe obtained in length from 1
to 48 inches. 
4. Try square is an instrument used to measure the square of an object.
5. Combination square. It is an instrument combined with 45°, 90° and a protractor.
6. Micrometer caliper. Is a precision measuring instrument used to measure dimensions in

thousandths of an inch.
7. Vernier caliper is a precision measuring instrument used to measure the inside, outside diameter,
as well as depth of hole and slot.
8. Dividers. These are used for measuring or setting of distances, and to lay out arcs and circles.
Cutting Tools
1. Hacksaw
Hacksaw is a tooth cutting tool usually with a solid and adjustable frame. The main parts are
handles, blade, tightening screw and nuts. The tool is mainly used in cutting metals like plates, pipes,
rods, bars, angular, etc. but of minimal thickness, width and length. Sometimes this tool is used for
cutting plastic pipes and other materials that suit to its purpose.
The different types of frames are the following:
a. Fixed or solid frames are intended to hold only one size of blade at about 10 inches long
b. Adjustable frame is frame that can be adjusted to hold blades of different sizes such as 10, 12 and
14 inches in length.
The two types of blades are:
a. All hard In this type, the entire blade is hardened and tempered, making it very brittle. Use this
type in cutting steel and cast iron.
b. Flexible back. In this type, only the teeth portion is hardened and tempered, making the blade
springy and less likely to break.
The following are the recommended teeth-per-inch of blades for different kinds of stocks to be cut:
a. 14 teeth-per-inch. It is used for brass, aluminum, cast iron and soft iron.
b. 18 teeth-per-inch. It is used for drill rod, mild steel, tool steel and general work
c. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubing and pipe.

2. Files
Files are made of high grade steel which are hardened and tempered. Each file has rows of teeth
that form, shape and finish metal by removing small chips and smoothing rough edges of the metal
surface. They differ in length, shape, cut and coarseness.
Kinds of files:
1. Mill file a single-cut file used for filing and finishing brass and bronze.
2. Flat file is usually rectangular in shape and tapered slightly in width and thickness. It is one of the
most commonly used files for general work.
3. Square file is intended for filing square or rectangular holes.
4. Round file is used primarily for enlarging holes.
5. Half-round file is used for filing curved or concave surfaces.
6. A triangular file is used for filing surfaces that meet at least 90º. It is exclusively used for
sharpening wood saws and for smoothening rectangular opening. It is also known as threesquare
file.
3. Cold chisel.
A wedge-shaped tool used to shear, cut, and chip metal Types of cold chisel and their particular
functions:
1. Flat chisel is used for chipping flat surfaces; cutting off rivets or metal fasteners, thin sheets, and
small bars; and for general purposes. Its cutting edge ranges from 13 to 25mm.
2. Cape chisel has a narrow edge suited for cutting narrow grooves or slots.
3. Diamond-point chisel has a diamond-shaped cutting edge intended to cut Vgrooves.

4. Round-nose chisel has a round nose cutting edge for cutting round and semi-circular grooves.
DRIVING TOOLS
Hammers
1. Ball peen hammer is used for straightening bending and deforming metals. It has two faces. One is
flat in striking cold chisels and punches. The other side the “peen” is rounded for bending and
shaping metals. Ball peen hammer generally has a wood or fiberglass handle measuring 10-16 inches
long. Head weight ranges from 2-48 oz. A 20oz hammer is good for general purpose.
2. Chipping hammer is used for removing slag on weld and with two faces, the tapered from one side
and round pointed on the other side.
Wrenches
Wrenches are used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts. There are different
kinds and sizes of wrenches designed according to uses and functions.
1. An adjustable wrench has a movable jaw which makes it adjustable to various sizes of nuts. A
heavy type of adjustable wrench is the monkey/pipe wrench.
2. Oxy acetylene wrench- A type of wrench used for tightening hose and fitting connection on oxy-
acetylene unit.
3. An open-ended wrench is one that is made to fit one size of nut or bolt. This is the most
inexpensive type of wrench that is quite efficient in ordinary situations.
4. A closed-end wrench is similar to a single ended wrench, but as it entirely encloses a nut, there is
a little danger of the wrench slipping off the nut or the jaws spreading apart.
5. Socket wrench is a tool with a usually interchangeable socket to fit over a nut or bolt.
Screwdrivers
Screwdriver is a hand tool that is designed to turn screws. The blade is made of steel, attached to
one end of a wooden or plastic handle. The other end is flattened to fit slots in the heads of screws
on bolts. The other kinds of screw drivers are called a Phillips screw driver and helical-ratchet screw
driver.
HOLDING TOOLS
Clamps
Clamps are made of different sizes and appearance that are fitted to its purpose. These devices have
been designed to hold work securely while performing grinding, bending, fitting and cutting of
metals. Some types of clamps and metal vises are:
1. Tool maker clamp is used for holding small parts both at the bench and at the machine. This tool is
also known as a parallel clamp.
2. C-Clamp is an all-purpose clamp that is generally used for all kinds of work.
3. Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaw that easily goes back or forth by raising the
handle.
4. Machinist vise is a work holding tool for machining activity.
5. Vise Grip is a tool used to grip the stock tight enough to hold the object.
6. Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires.

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Unit 6

Using Hand Tools

 Identify and select hand tools used in welding

Lesson 1- Hand Tools

4. Try square is an instrument used to measure the square of an object.

5. Combination square. It is an instrument combined with 45°, 90° and a protractor.

6. Micrometer caliper. Is a precision measuring instrument used to measure dimensions in

The different types of frames are the following:

The two types of blades are:

c. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubing and pipe.

3. Square file is intended for filing square or rectangular holes.

4. Round file is used primarily for enlarging holes.

5. Half-round file is used for filing curved or concave surfaces.

3. Diamond-point chisel has a diamond-shaped cutting edge intended to cut Vgrooves.

6. Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires.

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