Untitled

Join Vedantu JEE
Telegram
channel NOW!
Assignments
Notes
Daily Update
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
69 LIVE Sessions : 1.5-2 Hours per Session
23 LIVE Sessions per subject (P,C & M)
★ 10 Part Tests | 10 Full Tests

★ 7 Additional Recorded Sessions for Greater In-
Depth Understanding
★ 140+ Assignments that will be solved
the next day in Live Class
★ Post Class Support with Vedantu’s
Doubt Solving App
Access to Study and Practice Support

till the actual JEE Exam Date
Most important
Fundamentals will be
covered in the First Week
Batch Starting from
10 JUNE 2022
Enroll Now
₹9,000
₹8,100/- only
● Quadratic Equations ● LCD
● Complex numbers ● Tangents & Normals
● Sequence and series ● Increasing & Decreasing func
● Trigonometry & ITF Formulae ● Maxima & Minima
● Straight lines ● Integration
● Circles ● Vectors
● Conics ● 3D Geometry
Quadratic Equations
Relation Between Roots and
Coefficients
The solution of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0, is
The expression b2 - 4ac = D is called discriminant of quadratic equation. If

𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation
For a cubic equation, we have
For a biquadratic equation, we have
NOTE
Whenever we are finding or proving some condition and during the
procedure we get value of some root, always make it satisfy the
equation.
Transformation of Equation
Transformation of Equation
If roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α & β then equation having roots:

(a) 2⍺ and 2β is ➝
(b) is ➝
(c) ⍺ + 2 and β + 2 is ➝
Remark
This shortcut works for equation of any degree.
Common Roots
Common Roots
Given two Quadratic Equations, there are two possibilities-

1. They have one root in common
2. Both the roots are common
Condition for one root common in
a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0
is (c1a2 - c2a1)2 = (b1c2 - b2c1) (a1b2 - a2b1)
Condition for both roots common in

a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0 is
Observation
1. Range of y = ax2 + bx + c is ➝
2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 ∀ x if ➝

(ii) ax2 + bx + c < 0 ∀ x if ➝
Observation
1. Range of y = ax2 + bx + c is ➝
2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 ∀ x if ➝ X

(ii) ax2 + bx + c < 0 ∀ x if ➝ X
Location of Roots
Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c ∈ R
Let us consider a real number ‘k’
RESULT
Examples
If α and β be the values of x in m2(x2 - x) + 2mx + 3 = 0 and m1 and
m2 be two values of m for which α and β are connected by the
relation Then the value of is
A
A 6 B 68 C D
If α and β be the values of x in m2(x2 - x) + 2mx + 3 = 0 and m1 and
m2 be two values of m for which α and β are connected by the
relation Then the value of is
A
A 6 B 68 C D
Solution:
Solution:
Let P(x) = x3 - 8x2 + cx - d be a polynomial with real coefficients and
with all its roots being distinct positive integers. Then number of
possible values of ‘c’ is.
A
A 1 B 3 C 2 D 5
Let P(x) = x3 - 8x2 + cx - d be a polynomial with real coefficients and
with all its roots being distinct positive integers. Then number of
possible values of ‘c’ is.
A
A 1 B 3 C 2 D 5
Solution:
JEE Main 2020
Let ⍺ and β be the roots of the equation, 5x2 + 6x − 2 = 0. If

Sn = ⍺n + βn, n = 1, 2,... then
A 5S6 + 6S5 = 2S4
B 6S6 + 5S5 + 2S4 = 0
C 6S6 + 5S5 = 2S4
D 5S6 + 6S5 + 2S4 = 0

JEE Main 2020
Let ⍺ and β be the roots of the equation, 5x2 + 6x − 2 = 0. If

Sn = ⍺n + βn, n = 1, 2,... then
A 5S6 + 6S5 = 2S4
B 6S6 + 5S5 + 2S4 = 0
C 6S6 + 5S5 = 2S4
D 5S6 + 6S5 + 2S4 = 0

Solution:
5x2 + 6x − 2 = 0
⇒ 5S6 + 6S5 - 2S4 = 0
⇒ 5S6 + 6S5 = 2S4
If λ ≠ μ and λ2 = 5λ - 3, μ2 = 5μ - 3, then the equation whose roots
are
A
A x2 - 5x + 3 = 0
B 3x2 + 19x + 3 = 0
C 3x2 - 19x + 3 =0
D x2 + 5x - 3 = 0
If λ ≠ μ and λ2 = 5λ - 3, μ2 = 5μ - 3, then the equation whose roots
are
A
A x2 - 5x + 3 = 0
B 3x2 + 19x + 3 = 0
C 3x2 - 19x + 3 =0
D x2 + 5x - 3 = 0
Solution:
The values of k for which, x2 - kx - 21 = 0 and x2 - 3kx + 35 = 0 will
have a common root are:
A
A k=土4 B k=土1 C k=土3 D k=0
The values of k for which, x2 - kx - 21 = 0 and x2 - 3kx + 35 = 0 will
have a common root are:
A k=土4 B k=土1 C k=土3 D k=0

If m and n are the roots of the equation (x + p) (x + q) - k = 0, then
the roots of the equation (x - m) (x - n) + k = 0 are
A
A P and q
C -p and -q
D p + q and p - q
If m and n are the roots of the equation (x + p) (x + q) - k = 0, then
the roots of the equation (x - m) (x - n) + k = 0 are
A
A P and q
C -p and -q
D p + q and p - q
The range of a for which the equation x2 + ax - 4 = 0 has only its
smaller root in the interval (-1, 2) is
A
A (-∞, -3) B (0, 3) C (0, ∞) D (-∞, 3) ∪ (0, ∞)
The range of a for which the equation x2 + ax - 4 = 0 has only its
smaller root in the interval (-1, 2) is
A
A (-∞, -3) B (0, 3) C (0, ∞) D (-∞, 3) ∪ (0, ∞)
Solution:
Complex numbers
Conjugate, Modulus and Argument
Properties of Conjugate
Properties of Modulus and Argument
Properties of Modulus
(1) | z | = 0 ⇒ z = 0
(1) | z1 z2| = | z1 | | z2 | ⇒| zn | = | z |n
(1) Triangle inequalities

(a) | z1 + z2| ≤ | z1 | + | z2 |
(b) | z1 - z2| ≥ || z1 | - | z2 ||
Properties of Argument
Representation of Complex Number in
Polar and Euler Form
Representation of Complex Number in Polar and
Euler Form
Z=x+iy
Polar form Euler form
Z = r (cos θ + i sin θ) Z = reiθ
NOTE
If we know |z| & arg(z) then we can write z

Euler’s form is very efficient in handling big and bad powers of a
complex number
Cube Roots of Unity
Cube Roots of Unity
Consider, z3 = 1
Roots of this equation are called cube roots of unity.
z3 = 1
z3 - 1 = 0
(z - 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
Properties of ⍵
1. 𝜔3 = 1
2. 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0
3. 𝜔3k + 𝜔3k+1 + 𝜔3k+2 = 0; k ∊ Z
NOTE
Roots of z2 + z + 1 = 0 are 𝜔 & 𝜔2 and roots of z2 - z + 1 = 0 are -𝜔 & -𝜔2

Geometrical interpretation of
Modulus
|z1| ⟶ distance of z1 from origin.
|z2 - z1|⟶ distance between z1 & z2

Examples
Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. If
then what are possible values of x × y
A ±2 B ±15 C ±30 D 2
Hint:
Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. If
then what are possible values of x × y
A ±2 B ±15 C ±30 D 2
Solution:
If z1, z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that
then |z1 + z2 + z3| is
A equal to 1
B less than 1
C greater than 3
D equal to 3
If z1, z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that
then |z1 + z2 + z3| is
A equal to 1
B less than 1
C greater than 3
D equal to 3
Solution:
Let Z = log2(1 + i), then
A
A B C D
Let Z = log2(1 + i), then
A
A B C D
Solution:
Let a complex number z, |z| ≠ 1, satisfy Then,
the largest value of |z| is equal to
A 8 B 7 C 6 D 5
Let a complex number z, |z| ≠ 1, satisfy Then,
the largest value of |z| is equal to
A 8 B 7 C 6 D 5
Solution:
JEE Main 20th July, 2021 Shift-1
If z and ω are two complex numbers such that |zω| = 1 and
(Here arg(z) denotes the principal argument of complex number z)
A
A B C D
JEE Main 20th July, 2021 Shift-1
If z and ω are two complex numbers such that |zω| = 1 and
(Here arg(z) denotes the principal argument of complex number z)
A
A B C D
Solution:
Solution:
Find maximum and minimum value of | z - 3 - 4i | if | z - 1 | = 2
JEE Main 2018
If ∝, β ∊ C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 - x + 1 = 0, then

∝101 + β107 is equal to :
A
A -2 B -1 C 0 D 1
JEE Main 2018
If ∝, β ∊ C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 - x + 1 = 0, then

∝101 + β107 is equal to :
A
A -2 B -1 C 0 D 1
Solution:
If |z - 2| = min {|z - 1|, |z - 5|}, where z is a complex number, then
D None of these
If |z - 2| = min {|z - 1|, |z - 5|}, where z is a complex number, then
D None of these
Solution:
Sequence and series
Sequence
AP GP
an = a + (n - 1) d an = arn - 1
OR
NOTE
1. nth odd number is 2n-1

2. Sum of first n odd numbers is n2
Arithmetic Mean
AM of Numbers AM’s between two numbers
1) ‘A1’ is called one AM between

a & b if a, A1, b ➝ AP
2) A1 & A2 are called two AM’s
between a & b if a, A1, A2, b ➝ AP
Geometric Mean
GM of Numbers (+ve numbers) GM’s between two numbers
1) G1 is called one GM between a & b

if a, G1, b ➝ GP
2) G1, G2 are called two GM’s
between a & b if a, G1, G2, b ➝ GP
Arithmetic - Geometric Progression
Sequence of the following form is called A.G.P.
a , (a + d) r , (a + 2d) r2 , . . . , (a+(n - 1)d) rn-1
Eg:
(a) 1 , 3x , 5x2 , 7x3 , . . .
(b) 1 , 40 , 700 , 10000 , . . .
Relation Between AM and GM
For any given +ve numbers:
AM = GM; if all the terms are equal.

AM ≥ GM
AM > GM; otherwise
(observe that equality holds if a’s are equal)

NOTE
3 Hints to use AM ≥ GM
(1) If min value of some expression is asked
(2) Terms involved in expression are +ve.
(3) Product of terms involved in expression is good.
Sigma Notation
Properties:
NOTE
RESULT
Examples
JEE Main 2020
If 32 sin2α-1, 14 and 34-2 sin 2α are the first three terms of an A.P. for
some α, then the sixth term of this A.P. is
A
A 65 B 78 C 81 D 66
JEE Main 2020
If 32 sin2α-1, 14 and 34-2 sin 2α are the first three terms of an A.P. for
some α, then the sixth term of this A.P. is
A
A 65 B 78 C 81 D 66
Solution:
If Sn denotes the sum of first ‘n’ terms of an A.P. and
, then the value of n is
A
A 21 B 15 C 16 D 19
If Sn denotes the sum of first ‘n’ terms of an A.P. and
, then the value of n is
A
A 21 B 15 C 16 D 19
Solution:
JEE Main 2020
The sum of the first three terms of a G.P. is S and their product is
27. Then all such S lie in
A (-∞, -9] U [3, ∞)
B [-3, ∞)
C (-∞, -3] U [9, ∞)
D (-∞, 9]
JEE Main 2020
The sum of the first three terms of a G.P. is S and their product is
27. Then all such S lie in
A (-∞, -9] U [3, ∞)
B [-3, ∞)
C (-∞, -3] U [9, ∞)
D (-∞, 9]
Solution:
Three numbers a, b and c are in geometric progression. If 4a, 5b,
and 4c are in arithmetic progression and a + b + c = 70, then the
value of | c - a | is equal to
Three numbers a, b and c are in geometric progression. If 4a, 5b,
and 4c are in arithmetic progression and a + b + c = 70, then the
value of | c - a | is equal to
Ans: 30
Solution:
Solution:
JEE Main 3rd Sep, 2020
If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are

inserted between 3 and 243 such that 4th A.M. is equal to 2nd G.M.,
then m is equal to :
JEE Main 3rd Sep, 2020
If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are

inserted between 3 and 243 such that 4th A.M. is equal to 2nd G.M.,
then m is equal to :
Ans: 39
Solution:
The minimum value of for positive real number x,y,z is
A B C D
The minimum value of for positive real number x,y,z is
A B C D
Solution:
The sum of upto n terms is
equal to
A B C D
The sum of upto n terms is
equal to
A B C D
Solution:
JEE Main 18th March, 2021 Shift-1
A B C D
A B C D
Solution:
Trigonometry &
ITF Formulae &
expression
Remark
1. Sine of supplementary angles are same.
2. Cosines of supplementary angles are negative of each other.
3. sin(-θ) = -sinθ and cos(-θ) = cosθ
Compound Angles
1. sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB
2. sin(A - B) = sinA cosB - cosA sinB
3. cos(A + B) = cosA cosB - sinA sinB
4. cos(A - B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB

Multiple Angle Formulae
Remark
1. sin 2θ and cos 2θ can be expressed in terms of tanθ as
2. sin(A + B) × sin(A - B) = sin2A - sin2B

cos(A + B) × cos(A - B) = cos2A - sin2B = cos2B - sin2A
List of most commonly used formulae and
expressions.
Expressing in terms of sine only.
a sin θ + b cos θ
Expressing in terms of cosine only.
Transformation Formulae
Transformation of product into sum and difference
2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)
2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B) - sin(A - B)
2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)
2 sin A sin B = cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)

Transformation Formulae
Transformation of sum and difference into product
RESULT
1. sin(a) + sin(a + d) + sin(a + 2d) +...+ sin(a + (n - 1)d)
2. cos(a) + cos(a + d) + cos(a + 2d) +...+ cos(a +(n - 1)d)
3.
RESULT
If A + B + C = 𝜋, then :
(a) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinA sinB sinC
(b) cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = -1 -4 cosA cosB cosC
(d) tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC

Trigonometric Equations
(a) sinθ = 0 ⇒ θ =
(b) cosθ = 0 ⇒ θ =
(c) cosθ = 1 ⇒ θ =
(d) cosθ = -1 ⇒ θ =
RESULT
(a) (i) sinθ = sin⍺ ⇒ θ = n𝜋 + (-1)n ⍺
(ii) cosθ = cos⍺ ⇒ θ = 2n𝜋 ± ⍺
(iii) tanθ = tan⍺ ⇒ θ = n𝜋 + ⍺
(b) (i) sin2θ = sin2⍺
(ii) cos2θ = cos2⍺ ⇒ θ = n𝜋 ± ⍺
(iii) tan2θ = tan2⍺

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Composition of trigonometric
and its inverse function
1.
Domain (i.e., it’s always true)
2.
only if principal domain
Result 1: Inverse trigonometric function at ‘-x’
Result 2: ITF of Complementary Functions
Result 3: Inverse trigonometric functions at ‘ ’
ITF in terms of each other
Sum & Difference of ITF
NOTE
Sum & Difference of ITF
RESULT
under some good condition

NOTE
These good conditions are not required rather these formula
also are of least importance.
Examples
The least difference between the roots, in the first quadrant
of the equation 4 cos x(2 - 3 sin2x) + (cos 2x + 1) = 0 is
A B C D
The least difference between the roots, in the first quadrant
of the equation 4 cos x(2 - 3 sin2x) + (cos 2x + 1) = 0 is
A B C D
Solution:
n > 0 then the value of n is equal to :
A 20 B 12 C 9 D 16
n > 0 then the value of n is equal to :
A 20 B 12 C 9 D 16
Solution:
Solution of sin-1(3x - 4x3) = 3 sin-1(x) is
A B C D [-1, 1]
Solution of sin-1(3x - 4x3) = 3 sin-1(x) is
A B C D [-1, 1]
The sum of the infinite series cot-12 + cot-18 + cot-118 + cot-1 32 + …
is,
A π B C D None of these
The sum of the infinite series cot-12 + cot-18 + cot-118 + cot-1 32 + …
is,
A π B C D None of these
Solution:
JEE Main 2020
If f’(x) = tan-1 (sec x + tan x), and f(0) = 0, then f(1) is

equal to
A B C D
JEE Main 2020
If f’(x) = tan-1 (sec x + tan x), and f(0) = 0, then f(1) is

equal to
A B C D
Solution:

Depth Understanding
Doubt Solving App

Most important
Batch Starting from
10 JUNE 2022
Enroll Now
₹9,000
₹8,100/- only
Straight lines
Centroid
It is the point of concurrence of the medians of a triangle.
A (x1, y1)
F E
G
B (x2, y2) D C (x3, y3)

Incentre
It is the point of concurrence of the internal angle bisectors of a triangle.
A (x1, y1)
c b
I
B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3)

a
Orthocentre
It is the point of concurrence of the altitudes of a triangle.
A (x1, y1)
E
F
H
B (x2, y2) D C (x3, y3)
Circumcentre
It is the point of concurrence of the perpendicular bisector of the sides of a
triangle.
A (x1, y1)
F E
O
(x, y)
B D C
(x2, y2) (x3, y3)
RESULT
In any scalene triangle,

G O
H
NOTE
In an equilateral triangle, G, I, O and H, all coincide.

Various forms of equations of a line:
1. Slope Intercept form
2. Point Slope form
3. Two Point form
4. Intercept form
5. Normal form
6. Parametric form
7. General form
Angle between two Lines
where θ is the acute angle between the two lines

Some Formulae
Some Formulae
Distance of a Point from a Line

(x1, y1)
Special case: Distance of origin from ax + by + c = 0 is

Distance between two Parallel Lines
Foot of Perpendicular from a Point to a Line
(x1, y1)
Image of a Point in a Line
(x1, y1)
Family of Lines
Family of Lines
Given any two lines L1 = 0 and L2 = 0, all the lines passing through their
point of intersection constitutes family of lines of L1 = 0 and L2 = 0.
NOTE
Any line through intersection point of L1 = 0 and L2 = 0 (that is

a member of their family) has equation of the form L1 + λL2 = 0
Examples
JEE Main 10th Jan, 2019 Shift-2
Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2) and (4, 3). If its orthocentre is at
the origin, then its third vertex lies in which quadrant?
A
A Third B Second C First D Fourth
Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2) and (4, 3). If its orthocentre is at
the origin, then its third vertex lies in which quadrant?
A
A Third B Second C First D Fourth
Solution:
A straight line cuts off an intercept of 2 units on the positive
direction of x-axis and passes through the point (-3, 5). What is the
foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (3, 3) on this line?
A
A (1, 3) B (2, 0) C (0, 2) D (1, 1)
A straight line cuts off an intercept of 2 units on the positive
direction of x-axis and passes through the point (-3, 5). What is the
foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (3, 3) on this line?
A
A (1, 3) B (2, 0) C (0, 2) D (1, 1)
Solution:
IIT-JEE 2011
A straight line L through the point (3, -2) is inclined at an angle 60°
to the line If L also intersects the x-axis, then the
equation of L is
A
A
D
IIT-JEE 2011
A straight line L through the point (3, -2) is inclined at an angle 60°
to the line If L also intersects the x-axis, then the
equation of L is
A
A
D
Solution:
Suppose A, B are two points on 2x - y + 3 = 0 and P(1, 2) is such
that PA = PB. Then the mid-point of AB is
A
A B C D
Suppose A, B are two points on 2x - y + 3 = 0 and P(1, 2) is such
that PA = PB. Then the mid-point of AB is
A
A B C D
Solution:
Circles
Equations of a Circle
(x - x1)2 + (y - y1)2 = r2 x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Centre : (x1, y1) Centre : (-g, -f)
Radius : r Radius :
NOTE
Diametric form : (x - α1)(x - α2) + (y - β1)(y - β2) = 0
where (α1, β1) & (α2, β2) are endpoints of diameter
Some Special Circles
1. Circle touching X - axis
(a, 0) X
2. Circle touching Y - axis (0, b)

3. Circle touching both axes
Y Y
O X O X
Intercepts made by a Circle
Intercepts made by a Circle
AB is the intercept made by circle on
y = mx + c
the line y = mx + c
Whenever a circle makes an intercept r

on a line, always refer to this figure.
Intercepts made by a Circle on axes
(1) Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the X - axis.
X
A B
(2) Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the Y - axis.

Y
B
A
Some Standard Notations
Some Standard Notations
(1) S ≡ x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
(2) For a point (x1, y1) : Value of S at (x1, y1) is represented by S1 , that is
S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
(3) For a point (x1, y1): If we replace in S,
then we get T, that is T

Various Equations of Tangents of a Circle
Slope form Tangent at a Point on a Circle Parametric form
slope = m (x1, y1)
T=0 P(θ)
T=0
RESULT
Equations of tangents to x2 + y2 = r2, having slope m, are given
by .
NOTE
Equations of tangents to (x − x1)2 + (y − y1)2 = r2, with slope m, are

given by
Number of Common Tangents
(1) ⇒ 4 common tangents


(4) 1 common tangent

⇒

⇒

⇒

Family of Circles
S=0 L=0
(1) S + 𝜆L = 0
S=0
S’ = 0
(2)
NOTE S - S’ = 0 is the equation of common chord

(3) Family of circles tangent to a given line L=0 at a given point A (x1, y1) :
(x − x1)2 + (y − y1)2 + 𝜆L = 0
L=0
A (x1, y1)
Chords of a Circle
(1) Equation of CoC (chord of contact) with respect to P(x1, y1)
P (x1, y1) Its equation is given by T = 0
S=0
(2) Equation of chord with given midpoint P(x1, y1)
P (x1, y1)
Its equation given by T = S1
S=0
Chords of a Circle
RESULT
Length of CoC (chord of contact) with respect to P(x1, y1)
Length of chord of contact T1 T2 =

Condition for orthogonality
r1 r2
C1
C2
d
Two circles intersect each other orthogonally if
Or 2 g1 g2 + 2 f1 f2 = c1 + c2
Examples
JEE Main Feb, 2021 Shift-2
If one of the diameters of the circle x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord

of another circle ‘C’ whose center is at (2, 1), then its radius is
JEE Main Feb, 2021 Shift-2
If one of the diameters of the circle x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord

of another circle ‘C’ whose center is at (2, 1), then its radius is
Ans: 3
Solution:
JEE Main 2013
The circles passing through (1,-2) and touching the axis of x at (3,0)
also passes through the point
A
A (-5, 2) B (2, -5) C (5, -2) D (-2, 5)
JEE Main 2013
The circles passing through (1,-2) and touching the axis of x at (3,0)
also passes through the point
A
A (-5, 2) B (2, -5) C (5, -2) D (-2, 5)
Solution:
If circles x2 + y2 + 2ax + c = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2by + c = 0 touch each
other, then
A
A
D
If circles x2 + y2 + 2ax + c = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2by + c = 0 touch each
other, then
A
A
D
Solution:
JEE Main 18th Mar, 2021 Shift-1
Choose the correct statement about two circles whose equations

are given below:
x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 41 = 0
x2 + y2 - 22x - 10y + 137 = 0
A
A circles have same centre
circles have no meeting

B point
circles have only one

C meeting point
D circles have two meeting

points
JEE Main 18th Mar, 2021 Shift-1
Choose the correct statement about two circles whose equations

are given below:
x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 41 = 0
x2 + y2 - 22x - 10y + 137 = 0
A
A circles have same centre
circles have no meeting

B point
circles have only one

C meeting point
D circles have two meeting

points
Solution:
x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 41 = 0
A(5, 5), R1 = 3
x2 + y2 - 22x - 10y + 137 = 0
B(11, 5), R2 = 3
AB = 6 = R1 + R2
Touch each other externally
⇒ circles have only one meeting point.
Two congruent circles with centres at (2, 3) and (5, 6), which
intersect at right angles, have radius equal to
A
A B 3 C 4 D None
Two congruent circles with centres at (2, 3) and (5, 6), which
intersect at right angles, have radius equal to
A
A B 3 C 4 D None
Solution:
The common chord x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 = 16 subtends at
the origin an angle equal to
A
A B C D
The common chord x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 = 16 subtends at
the origin an angle equal to
A
A B C D
The centre of two circles are C1(2, 2) and C2(0, 0). The
radii of two circles are
Solution:
The eq. Of the common chord of the circles

x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 = 16 is x + y = 4 which
meets the circle x2 + y2 = 16 at points A(4, 0) and B(0, 4).
Obviously OA ⊥ OB. Hence, the common chord AB
makes a right angle at the centre of the circle x2 + y2 =
16. Where, O is the origin and the centre C2 of the
second circle
If the circle x2 + y2 = a2 intersects the hyperbola xy = c2 in four
points P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2), R(x3, y3), S(x4, y4) then
A x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 0
B y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = 2
C x1 x2 x3 x4 = 2c4
D y1 y2 y3 y4 = 2c4
If the circle x2 + y2 = a2 intersects the hyperbola xy = c2 in four
points P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2), R(x3, y3), S(x4, y4) then
A x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 0
B y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = 2
C x1 x2 x3 x4 = 2c4
D y1 y2 y3 y4 = 2c4
Solution:
Conics
Standard Parabolas having vertex at origin.
(1) y2 = 4ax (2) y2 = −4ax

Y Y
LR = 4a LR = 4a
O X X
Z (−a, 0) S (a, 0) S (−a, 0) O Z (a, 0)
x = −a x=a
(3) x2 = 4ay Y (4) x2 = −4ay Y
Z (0, a)
S (0, a) y=a
LR = 4a O
O X LR = 4a X
S (0, −a)
y = −a
Z (0, −a)
Standard ellipses having centre at origin
B(0, b)
S’(-ae, 0) S(ae, 0)
O
A’(-a, 0) A(a, 0)
Y
B(0, b)
S(0, be)
X
O
A’(-a, 0) A(a, 0)
S’(0, -be)
B’(0, -b)
Standard hyperbolas having centre at origin
B(0, b) A(a, 0)
S’(-ae, o) Z’ Z X
O S(ae, 0)
A’(-a, 0) B’(0, -b)

Y
S(0, be)
B(0, b)
Z
A’(-a, 0) O X
A(a, 0)
Z’
B’(0, -b)
S’(0, -be)
Conjugate Hyperbolas
Conjugate Hyperbolas
Two hyperbolas, such that the transverse and conjugate axes of one, are
the conjugate and transverse axes of the other, respectively, are called
conjugate hyperbolas.
RESULT
If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of two conjugate

hyperbolas, then
Rectangular Hyperbola
Rectangular Hyperbola
If a = b, that is lengths of transverse and conjugate axes are equal, then
the hyperbola is called rectangular or equilateral.
Eg. The hyperbola x2 − y2 = a2 is a rectangular hyperbola.
Remark
1. Eccentricity of an equilateral hyperbola is always .
2. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a rectangular
hyperbola if Δ ≠ 0 and a + b = 0.
Parametric forms of Conics
(1) y2 = 4ax ⇒ (at2, 2at)
(2) x2 = 4ay ⇒ (2at, at2)
(3) y2 = - 4ax ⇒ (-at2, 2at)
(4) x2 = - 4ay ⇒ (2at, -at2)

Position of a Line with respect
to a Conic
General Method
Solve line with conic to get a quadratic equation.

D > 0 ⇒ line cuts the conics
D = 0 ⇒ line is tangent to conics
D < 0 ⇒ line does not meet conics
Equations of Tangents of a Conic
Various equations of tangents to y2 = 4ax
Slope form Tangent at a point Parametric form

Y
slope = m Y Y
(x1, y1) P(t)
O X
X O X
O
y2 = 4ax y2 = 4ax
y2 = 4ax
T=0 T = 0 ⇒ ty = x + at2
NOTE
ty = x + at2
(1) Slope of tangent to y2 = 4ax
at P(t) is
NOTE
(2) Parametric tangent of x2 = 4ay can be obtained by interchanging x

and y in corresponding formula for y2 = 4ax. It does not happen in
equation of tangent having given slope m.
NOTE
(3) Point of intersection of tangents to y2 = 4ax at P(t1) and Q(t2) is

(a t1 t2, a(t1 + t2))
(at1t2, a(t1 + t2)) P(t1)
Q(t2)
Equations of Tangents of an
Ellipse and Hyperbola
Slope form
For Ellipse : Tangent is
Slope form
For Hyperbola : Tangent is

Slope form
For Hyperbola :
Slope form
For Hyperbola :
Hence, tangent of slope m is given by

Focal Chords
RESULT
(1) For y2 = 4ax, if P(t1) and Q(t2) are the endpoints of a focal chord
then t1t2 = − 1.
(2) Tangents at endpoints of a focal chord are perpendicular and

hence intersect on directrix.
(3) Length of a focal chord of y2 = 4ax, making an angle α with the X-

axis, is 4a cosec2 α.
For parabola y2 = 4ax
Normal at P(t) is given by
For parabola y2 = 4ax:
Normal at P(t) is given by
y + tx = 2at + at3
Normal having given slope ‘m’ is given by
y = mx − 2am − am3
Equations of Normals of an Ellipse
Equation of normal at P(x1, y1) on
P(x1, y1)
Equation of normal at P(x1, y1) on
Chords of a Conic
The formulae for the equation of the chord of contact and a chord with given
midpoint remain the same for all conics, that is
Chord of Contact : T = 0
Chord with given mid-point : T = S1
Examples
IIT 2014
The angle between the tangents drawn from the point (1, 4) to the
parabola y2 = 4x is _____.
A
A B C D
IIT 2014
The angle between the tangents drawn from the point (1, 4) to the
parabola y2 = 4x is _____.
A
A B C D
Solution:
Y
θ m1
O X
m2
If two tangents drawn from the point P(h, k) to the parabola y2 = 8x
are such that the slope of one of the tangent is 3 times the slope of
the other, then the locus of point P is
A
A 3y2 = 16x B 3y2 = 8x C y2 = 32x D 3y2 = 32x
If two tangents drawn from the point P(h, k) to the parabola y2 = 8x
are such that the slope of one of the tangent is 3 times the slope of
the other, then the locus of point P is
A
A 3y2 = 16x B 3y2 = 8x C y2 = 32x D 3y2 = 32x
Solution:
If y = mx + 4 is a tangent to both the parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 2by,

then b is equal to :
A
A -64 B -32 C -128 D 128
If y = mx + 4 is a tangent to both the parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 2by,

then b is equal to :
A
A -64 B -32 C -128 D 128
Solution:
If the variable line y = kx + 2h is tangent to an ellipse 2x2 + 3y2 = 6,
then locus of P(h, k) is a conic C whose eccentricity is e then the
value of 3e2 is
Solution:
Number of points on the hyperbola from which
mutually perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the circle
x2 + y2 = a2, is / are
A 0 B 2 C 3 D 4
Number of points on the hyperbola from which
mutually perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the circle
x2 + y2 = a2, is / are
A 0 B 2 C 3 D 4
Solution:
If a hyperbola passes through the point P(10, 16) and it has vertices
at (±6, 0), then the equation of the normal to it at P is:
A 2x + 5y = 100
B 2x + 5y = 10
C 2x - 5y = 100
D 5x + 2y = 100
If a hyperbola passes through the point P(10, 16) and it has vertices
at (±6, 0), then the equation of the normal to it at P is:
A 2x + 5y = 100
B 2x + 5y = 10
C 2x - 5y = 100
D 5x + 2y = 100
Solution:
Limits, continuity
and
differentiability
(a) L Hospital Rule:
(b) Factorization Method:
(c) Rationalization Method:
(d) Method of evaluating algebraic limit when x tends to infinity
(e) Trigonometric limits:
(f) Logarithmic limits:
(g) Exponential limits:
(h) Form (1)∞

NOTE
If exists & g(x) ➝ 0 as x ➝ a, then f(x) must tends to 0 as

x➝0
Evaluate the following:
Trigonometric Limits
IIT 1999
Evaluate the following:

Logarithmic limits
Exponential limits
The value of is
A
A B C D
The value of is
A
A B C D
Solution:
Form (1)∞
RESULT
where f(x) ➝ 0 & g(x) ➝ ∞ when x ➝ a

Limits Using Expansion Series
If m, n ∈ I0 and = some integer, then value of
this limit is
A
A 3 B 2 C D None of these
If m, n ∈ I0 and = some integer, then value of
this limit is
A
A 3 B 2 C D None of these
Solution:
NOTE
Whenever the function under consideration has one of the following

traits, always check RHL & LHL for existence of limit.
(a) It has , [.], {.} or mod
(b) Its piecewise defined
(c) It has and x ➝ 0

Continuity at a point
A function is said to be continuous at x = a
In simple words limit at x = a is f(a).
Normally, we have 2 varieties:

(1) Function is given, and we need to check continuity.
(2) Function is given to be continuous and we need to find some
constant(s).
If and f(0) = 4 is continuous at
x = 0, then the ordered pair (a, b) is
A
A (±1, 3) B (1, ±3) C (-1, -3) D (1, 3)
If and f(0) = 4 is continuous at
x = 0, then the ordered pair (a, b) is
A
A (±1, 3) B (1, ±3) C (-1, -3) D (1, 3)
Solution:
Let f be a continuous function on R such that
Then the value of f(0) is
A 1 B C 0 D None of these
Let f be a continuous function on R such that
Then the value of f(0) is
A 1 B C 0 D None of these
Solution:
Types of Discontinuity
Differentiability
RHD and LHD at x = a
For a function y = f(x) its Right Hand Derivative and Left Hand Derivative
are defined as:
RHD|x = a = f’(a+) = ;h>0
LHD|x = a = f’(a-) = ;h>0

If is differentiable at x = 1,
then find a and b
A
A a = 5, b = 3
B a = 7, b = 9
C a = -7, b = 9
D a = 9, b = 7
If is differentiable at x = 1,
then find a and b
A
A a = 5, b = 3
B a = 7, b = 9
C a = -7, b = 9
D a = 9, b = 7
Solution:
Now, shortcut does not work always, there are few exceptions. There are
two cases where you should not use shortcut.
Check differentiability at x = 2 for
(a) (b)
NOTE
Check continuity before applying shortcut. Shortcut may give
wrong conclusion in case of discontinuous function.
NOTE
Do not use shortcut to check differentiability at x = a if f(x) is
defined separately at x = a
Remark
Let
(a) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 for p > 0

(b) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 for P > 1
Given the function Find the points of
discontinuity of the composite function y = f(f(f(x))).

Examples
Solution:
then check continuity fog(x) at x = 2
Solution:
AIEEE 2011
If function f(x) is differentiable at x = a then
A
A -a2 f ’(a)
B a2 f ’(a)
C 2a f(a) - a2 f ‘(a)
D 2a f(a) + a2 f ‘(a)
AIEEE 2011
If function f(x) is differentiable at x = a then
A
A -a2 f ’(a)
B a2 f ’(a)
C 2a f(a) - a2 f ‘(a)
D 2a f(a) + a2 f ‘(a)
Solution:
Use L'Hospital Rule

comment on the
continuity and differentiability of f(x) at x = 1, 2.

Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
The number of points in (1, 3), where a > 1, is not
differentiable, where [x] denotes the integral part of x.
A
A 5 B 7 C 9 D 11
The number of points in (1, 3), where a > 1, is not
differentiable, where [x] denotes the integral part of x.
A
A 5 B 7 C 9 D 11
Solution:
Given f: [-2a, 2a] → R is an odd function such that the left hand
derivative at x = a is zero and f(x) = f(2a - x) ∀ x ∈ (a, 2a), then it’s
left hand derivative at x = -a is
A 0 B a C -a D Does not exist

Given f: [-2a, 2a] → R is an odd function such that the left hand
derivative at x = a is zero and f(x) = f(2a - x) ∀ x ∈ (a, 2a), then it’s
left hand derivative at x = -a is
A 0 B a C -a D Does not exist

Solution:
Applications
of derivatives
Tangents and Normals
We have majorly 3 varieties
Equation of tangent and normal at a given point on the curve
Equation of tangent and normal having given slope
Equation of tangent and normal through external point.

Angle of Intersection between
two curves
m1 = f’(x1)
m2 = g’(x1)
Where (x1, y1) is point of intersection of
two curves
⇒ Condition of orthogonality: m1m2 = -1

Length of tangent, normal,
subtangent and subnormal
PT = Length of tangent
PN = Length of normal
TG = Length of subtangent P(x1, y1)
GN = Length of subnormal = |y1 m|
Where, θ
T G N
Mean Value Theorems
Rolle’s theorem
If y = f(x) is a function such that:
(i) its continuous in [a, b]
(ii) its differentiable in (a, b)
(iii) f(a) = f(b)
then there exists c ∈ (a, b) such that f’(c) = 0 i.e., f’(x) = 0 has at least one
root in (a, b)
Lagrange Mean value Theorem
If a function y = f(x) satisfies
(i) f(x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f(x) is differentiable in (a, b)
Then there exist c ∈ (a, b) such that
Increasing and Decreasing functions
Definition
f(x) is said to be strictly increasing over an interval [a, b] if:
x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) > f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]
While it is said to be increasing (or non-decreasing) if:

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≥ f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]
Interval of Increase and Decrease
For a differentiable function:

(1) f’(x) ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing
(provided the points for which f’ (x) = 0 do not form an interval)
(2) f’(x) ≤ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly decreasing
(provided the points for which f’(x) = 0 do not form an interval)
Maxima and Minima
Critical Points
It is collection of points where either f’ (x) = 0 or f’ (x) fails to exist
NOTE
It is to be noted that critical points are the interior points of an

interval.
Critical points are contenders for giving maxima and minima.
First Derivative Test
For a continuous function:

(a) If f’(x) changes sign about a critical point, then we have maxima or
minima there.
(b) If f’ (x) does not change sign about a critical point, then function does
not have maxima or minima there.
Double Derivative Test
If f’(x) = 0 at x = a, then
(1) f”(a) > 0 ⇒ f(x) has local minima at x = a
(2) f”(a) < 0 ⇒ f(x) has local maxima at x = a
Remark
If f’(a) = 0 and also f”(a) = 0 then Double Derivative Test is
inconclusive.
Examples
The equation of the tangent to the curve y = e-|x| at the point where
the curve cuts the line x = 1 is
A e(x + y) = 1 B y + ex = 1 C y+x=e D None of these

The equation of the tangent to the curve y = e-|x| at the point where
the curve cuts the line x = 1 is
A e(x + y) = 1 B y + ex = 1 C y+x=e D None of these

Solution:
The straight line touches the curve
at the point (a, b) for
A
A n = 1, 2
B n = 3, 4, -5
C n = 1, 2, 3
D Any value of n
The straight line touches the curve
at the point (a, b) for
A
A n = 1, 2
B n = 3, 4, -5
C n = 1, 2, 3
D Any value of n
Solution:
Let the normal at a point P on the curve y2 – 3x2 + y + 10 = 0

intersect the y-axis at (0, 3/2). If m is the slope of the tangent at P to
the curve, then |m| is equal to
Let the normal at a point P on the curve y2 – 3x2 + y + 10 = 0

intersect the y-axis at (0, 3/2). If m is the slope of the tangent at P to
the curve, then |m| is equal to
Ans: 4
Solution:
Find the condition for a1x2 + b1y2 = 1 and a2x2 + b2y2 = 1 to intersect
orthogonally is
D None of these
Find the condition for a1x2 + b1y2 = 1 and a2x2 + b2y2 = 1 to intersect
orthogonally is
D None of these
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
A Increasing in [0, ∞)
B Decreasing in [0, ∞)
C Decreasing in &
increasing in
D Increasing in &
Decreasing in
A Increasing in [0, ∞)
B Decreasing in [0, ∞)
C Decreasing in &
increasing in
D Increasing in &
Decreasing in
Solution:
A function g(x) is defined as
and f’(x) is an increasing function. Then g(x) is increasing in the
interval
A (-1, 1)
D None of these
A function g(x) is defined as
and f’(x) is an increasing function. Then g(x) is increasing in the
interval
A (-1, 1)
D None of these
Solution:
The fuel charges for running a train are proportional to the square
of the speed generated in miles per hour and cost ₹ 48 per hour at
16 miles per hour. The most economical speed if the fixed charges
i.e. salaries etc. amount of ₹ 300 per hour is
A
A 10 B 20 C 30 D 40
The fuel charges for running a train are proportional to the square
of the speed generated in miles per hour and cost ₹ 48 per hour at
16 miles per hour. The most economical speed if the fixed charges
i.e. salaries etc. amount of ₹ 300 per hour is
A
A 10 B 20 C 30 D 40
Solution:
The point in the interval (0, 2π) where f(x) = ex sin x has maximum
slope is
A
A B C π D
The point in the interval (0, 2π) where f(x) = ex sin x has maximum
slope is
A B C π D
Integration

Depth Understanding
Doubt Solving App

Most important
Batch Starting from
10 JUNE 2022
Enroll Now
₹9,000
₹8,100/- only
Some special cases of substitution
Some standard algebraic formats:
Format 1:
Working strategy: Just complete the square in denominator
Format 2:
Working strategy: Create derivative of quadratic, in the numerator,

Format 3:
Working strategy: Use division algorithm to write P(x) in terms of

ax2 + bx + c
Remark
Whenever deg(Nr) ≥ deg (Dr) we use above strategy
Partial fractions: In a proper fraction we can represent
Integration by Parts
Choosing first and second function:

Take that function as first function which comes first in ILATE.
Now lets see classic integral, which is very important
Properties of Definite Integrals
Remark
(a) If f (UL − x) = f (x) or − f (x) , then we use prop (6)
(b) If f (UL − x) is something else, then we try using Prop (4)
For eg:
Definite Integration of Periodic Functions
1. where T is the period of the function

and n ∈ I, (i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
2.
Definite Integration of Periodic Functions
3. where T is the period of the
function and m, n ∈ I.
4. where T is the period of the
function and n ∈ I.
Bounds of Definite Integrals
Examples
JEE Main 8th Jan 2020 Shift-1
Where c is a constant of integration, then is equal to
A
A 2 B C D -2
JEE Main 8th Jan 2020 Shift-1
Where c is a constant of integration, then is equal to
A
A 2 B C D -2
Solution:
If then is equal to
A
A xf-1(x) + C
B f(g-1(x)) + C
C xf-1(x) - g(f-1(x)) + C
D g-1(x) + C
If then is equal to
A
A xf-1(x) + C
B f(g-1(x)) + C
C xf-1(x) - g(f-1(x)) + C
D g-1(x) + C
Solution:
A
A
D
A
A
D
Solution:
Then g(x) =
A
A x - sin-1x B sin-1x - x C x + sin-1x D sin-1x - x2
Then g(x) =
A
A x - sin-1x B sin-1x - x C x + sin-1x D sin-1x - x2
Solution:
Solution:
is equal to
D None of these
is equal to
D None of these
Solution:
Evaluate:
Solution:
A
A
D
A
A
D
Solution:
then what is the value of
A
A B C D
then what is the value of
A B C D
Solution:
If then
A
A I1 = 2I2 B 2I1 = I2 C I1 = I 2 D I1 + I2 = 0
If then
A
A I1 = 2I2 B 2I1 = I2 C I1 = I 2 D I1 + I2 = 0
Solution:
Solution:
The tangent of the curve y = f(x) at the point with abscissa x = 1
form an angle of and at the point x = 2 angle of and at the
point x = 3 an angle of . If f”(x) is continuous, then the value of
A
A B C D None of these
The tangent of the curve y = f(x) at the point with abscissa x = 1
form an angle of and at the point x = 2 angle of and at the
point x = 3 an angle of . If f”(x) is continuous, then the value of
A
A B C D None of these
Solution:
Vectors
Dot Product of two Vectors
NOTE
(a) are perpendicular to each other
(b)
(c)
(d)
Geometrical Significance of the Dot Product
Let’s look at the projection of a vector along another vector.
NOTE
is called projection vector (or component vector) of

along
Remark
If are any three mutually perpendicular vectors then any
vector can be expressed as
Cross Product of two Vectors
Remark
Properties of Cross Product
Triple Products
There are two kinds of triple products, namely

(1) Scalar triple product
(2) Vector triple product
Scalar Triple Product (Box Product)
Remark
Properties of Box Product
NOTE
RESULT
(1) [a + b b + c c + a] = 2[a b c]
(2) [a × b b × c c × a] = [a b c]2
(3) [a b c]2 =
Geometrical Significance of the Box Product
The magnitude of gives the volume of the

parallelepiped whose coinitial edges are
Remark
The magnitude of gives the volume of the
tetrahedron whose coinitial edges are
Vector Triple Products
For three vectors are
called vector triple products.
Theorem
1 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 3
(better remembered as 132 - 123)
Geometrical Significance of the Vector Triple Product
NOTE
Geometrically, is a vector which is perpendicular

to and lies in the plane of and .
Examples
If are the position vectors of the vertices of an
equilateral triangle whose orthocentre is at the origin, then which
one of the following is correct?
D
If are the position vectors of the vertices of an
equilateral triangle whose orthocentre is at the origin, then which
one of the following is correct?
D
Solution:
If the vector bisects the angle between and
where is a unit vector, then:
A
A
D
If the vector bisects the angle between and
where is a unit vector, then:
A
A
D
Solution:
where
are three non-coplanar vectors. If is perpendicular to
Then minimum value of x2 + y2 is, given x and y ∈ [ -π, π]
A
A 𝜋2 B C D None of these
where
are three non-coplanar vectors. If is perpendicular to
Then minimum value of x2 + y2 is, given x and y ∈ [ -π, π]
A
A 𝜋2 B C D None of these
Solution:
Let is a unit vector
such that equals
A
A B C D
Let is a unit vector
such that equals
A
A B C D
Solution:
and
be three non zero vectors such that is a
unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors If the angle
between then is equal to
A
A 0
B 1
D
and
be three non zero vectors such that is a
unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors If the angle
between then is equal to
A
A 0
B 1
D
Solution:
A vector of magnitude coplanar with
and perpendicular to is
A
A B C D
A vector of magnitude coplanar with
and perpendicular to is
A B C D
Three Dimensional
Geometry
Line through a given point & Parallel to Given Vector
= +λ
pv of general pv of given Vector parallel
point on line point on line to line r
a
This is parametric from of line
O
Assuming a point on line
A general point on this line is assumed as : ( x1 + aλ, y1 + bλ, z1 + cλ)

Shortest Distance Between Two Line is:
For skew line: For parallel line:

Equations of Plane
n
A( a )
(or)
R( r )
a( x - x1 ) + b( y - y1 ) + c( z - z1 ) = 0
a
r
O
NOTE
In cartesian equation of plane the coefficients of x, y & z are DR of
Equation of plane passing through & parallel to non-collinear
vectors
A(a)
Equation of plane passing through & parallel to non-collinear
vectors
A(a)
Equation of plane
containing two lines
Intercept form
Equation of plane having x, y, & z intercepts as a, b & c respectively is:
Remark
Similar to family of lines in 2-D ( i.e. L1 + λL2 = 0 ) we have a family of

planes in 3D.
Any plane through line of intersection of
P1 : a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 &
P2 : a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is of the form P1 + λP2 = 0 .

Some Formulae
Angle between two planes:
Angle between a plane and line:

Remark
Distance of a point from plane, distance between two parallel

planes, foot of perpendicular, image of a point in plane, bisector of
acute and obtuse angle between two planes all are generalisation of
2-D results for straight lines
(1) Distance of (x1, y1, z1) from ax + by + cz + d = 0 P (x1, y1, z1)
M (x, y,
z)
ax + by + cz + d1 = 0
(2) Distance between two parallel planes
ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d2 = 0
ax + by + cz + d2 = 0
(3) Foot of perpendicular of (x1, y1, z1) on ax + by + cz + d = 0
(4) Image of a point (x1, y1, z1) in (ax + by + cz + d = 0)

(5) Ratio in which plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides join of A and B
ax + by + cz + d = 0
B (x2, y2, z2 )
Examples
A straight line passes through the point (2, -1, -1). It is parallel to
the plane 4x + y + z + 2 = 0 and is perpendicular to the line
. The equations of the straight line is
A
A
D
A straight line passes through the point (2, -1, -1). It is parallel to
the plane 4x + y + z + 2 = 0 and is perpendicular to the line
. The equations of the straight line is
A
A
D
Solution:
The plane passing through the point (4, −1, 2) and parallel to the
line and also passes
through the point:
A
A (1, 1, -1) B (1, 1, 1) C (-1 -1, -1) D (-1, -1, 1)
The plane passing through the point (4, −1, 2) and parallel to the
line and also passes
through the point:
A
A (1, 1, -1) B (1, 1, 1) C (-1 -1, -1) D (-1, -1, 1)
Solution:
∵ point (1, 1, 1) satisfies this equation

∴ point (1, 1, 1) lies on the plane
The value of m for which straight line 3x - 2y + z + 3 = 0 and
4x - 3y + 4z + 1 = 0 is parallel to the plane 2x - y + m z - 2 = 0 is
A -2 B 8 C -18 D 11
The value of m for which straight line 3x - 2y + z + 3 = 0 and
4x - 3y + 4z + 1 = 0 is parallel to the plane 2x - y + m z - 2 = 0 is
A -2 B 8 C -18 D 11
Solution:
The image of the point (-1, 3, 4) in the plane x - 2y = 0 is
D
The image of the point (-1, 3, 4) in the plane x - 2y = 0 is
D
Solution:

Depth Understanding
Doubt Solving App

Most important
Weekly Schedule
English Medium
03:00 - 04:30 05:00 - 06:30 06:45 - 08:15 08:30 - 10:30

JEE PM PM PM PM
Gagandeep Singh Sir - Monday to

- -
Physics Saturday
Shishir kumar Sir - Monday to

- -
Chemistry Saturday
Ziyad Tungekar Sir Monday to

- - -
Maths Saturday
Syllabus completion - 09 July 2022

Weekly Schedule
Hinglish Medium
03:00 - 04:30 05:00 - 06:30 06:45 - 08:15 08:30 - 10:30

JEE PM PM PM PM
Aaditya Pandya Sir Tuesday, Monday,

Physics Friday & - Wednesday & -
Saturday Thursday
Payal Jain Ma’am - Monday to

Saturday -
Chemistry Friday
Sanjit Kumar Sir - Monday to

- -
Maths Saturday
Syllabus completion - 09 July 2022

Batch Starting from
10 JUNE 2022
Enroll Now
₹9,000
₹8,100/- only
Join Vedantu JEE
Telegram
channel NOW!
Assignments
Notes
Daily Update
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu

Untitled

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Untitled

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Untitled

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Join Vedantu JEE

★ 10 Part Tests | 10 Full Tests

Access to Study and Practice Support

The expression b2 - 4ac = D is called discriminant of quadratic equation. If

If roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α & β then equation having roots:

Given two Quadratic Equations, there are two possibilities-

Condition for both roots common in

2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 ∀ x if ➝

2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 ∀ x if ➝ X

Let ⍺ and β be the roots of the equation, 5x2 + 6x − 2 = 0. If

A 5S6 + 6S5 = 2S4

B 6S6 + 5S5 + 2S4 = 0

C 6S6 + 5S5 = 2S4

D 5S6 + 6S5 + 2S4 = 0

Let ⍺ and β be the roots of the equation, 5x2 + 6x − 2 = 0. If

A 5S6 + 6S5 = 2S4

B 6S6 + 5S5 + 2S4 = 0

C 6S6 + 5S5 = 2S4

D 5S6 + 6S5 + 2S4 = 0

A k=土4 B k=土1 C k=土3 D k=0

(1) Triangle inequalities

Polar form Euler form

Z = r (cos θ + i sin θ) Z = reiθ

If we know |z| & arg(z) then we can write z

Roots of z2 + z + 1 = 0 are 𝜔 & 𝜔2 and roots of z2 - z + 1 = 0 are -𝜔 & -𝜔2

|z2 - z1|⟶ distance between z1 & z2

then |z1 + z2 + z3| is

then |z1 + z2 + z3| is

If z and ω are two complex numbers such that |zω| = 1 and

(Here arg(z) denotes the principal argument of complex number z)

If z and ω are two complex numbers such that |zω| = 1 and

(Here arg(z) denotes the principal argument of complex number z)

If ∝, β ∊ C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 - x + 1 = 0, then

If ∝, β ∊ C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 - x + 1 = 0, then

1. nth odd number is 2n-1

AM of Numbers AM’s between two numbers

1) ‘A1’ is called one AM between

GM of Numbers (+ve numbers) GM’s between two numbers

1) G1 is called one GM between a & b

AM = GM; if all the terms are equal.

(observe that equality holds if a’s are equal)

, then the value of n is

, then the value of n is

A (-∞, -9] U [3, ∞)

C (-∞, -3] U [9, ∞)

A (-∞, -9] U [3, ∞)

C (-∞, -3] U [9, ∞)

If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are

If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are

1. sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB

2. sin(A - B) = sinA cosB - cosA sinB

3. cos(A + B) = cosA cosB - sinA sinB

4. cos(A - B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB

1. sin 2θ and cos 2θ can be expressed in terms of tanθ as

2. sin(A + B) × sin(A - B) = sin2A - sin2B

Transformation of product into sum and difference

2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)

2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B) - sin(A - B)

2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)

2 sin A sin B = cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)