Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore-452003 (An Autonomous Institute, Established in 1952)

SHRI G.S.
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, INDORE-452003
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE, ESTABLISHED IN 1952)
LABORATORY JOURNAL
B.E. III YEAR
EE32571
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science
Vision
A front-line institute in Technology & Science making significant contribution to human

resource development envisaging dynamic needs of the society.
Mission
To generate experts in Science & Technology akin to society for its accelerated
socio- economic growth in a professional and challenging environment, imparting
human values.
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vision
To develop leading expertise in the Electrical Engineering field making significant

contributions to human resource development envisaging dynamic needs of the society and
industries.
Mission
To produce higher levels of human resources in the field of Electrical Engineering for
Nation’s accelerated socio-economic and technological growth in emerging areas
of human endeavor.
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
PEO_1: To impart core knowledge of Electrical Engineering for technical careers.
PEO_2: To teach the advanced aspects of Electrical systems along with its
design, simulation and fabrication together with good communication
skills.
PEO_3: To motivate students for higher studies in Electrical Engineering so

as to develop high vision in the technical career.
PEO_4: To attain professional excellence through lifelong learning.
PEO_5: To produce graduates to ensure ethical and moral behavior.

Shri G. S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore
NAME ____________________________________________
CLASS _______________________________________________
ROLL NO. ______________________________________________
BRANCH ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT POWER SYSTEM-I
Certificate
This is to certify that ________ Roll no. ________ studying B.TECH 3RD YEAR the year
2021-
2022 of this institute has completed practical course based on the syllabus and given a
satisfactory account of it in the notebook containing a record of the laboratory work.
Date: Grade:
PROFESSOR INCHARGE
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
S.No. Name of Experiment
Study of Distribution Systems present in our college.

1.
Visit to the High Voltage Lab.

2.
Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by

3.
manual calculation.
Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by using MI

4.
Power tool.
ABCD Parameter Calculation using MI Power tool.
5.
6. Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Short Transmission Line.

Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Medium
Transmission Line.
7.
Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Long Transmission
Line.
8.
Measure the receiving end voltage of each line under no
load or lightly load condition to understand Ferranti effect.
9.
Understand the performance of long transmission line
under different loads with varies Resistive, Inductive,
and Capacitive load in different steps.
10.
INDEX
Signature of Remarks
Date of the staff
S.No. Name of Experiment Experiments Member
Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore
Department of Electrical Engineering Power System-I
EE32571
Date: _____________ _________________
Roll No.: ___________ Signature of Professor
Experiment No-01
Objective: Study of Distribution System present in our college.

A.C.S.R. Conductor: Aluminum conductor steel-reinforced cable (ACSR) is a type of
high-capacity, high-strength stranded conductor typically used in overhead power lines.
The outer strands are high-purity aluminum, chosen for its good conductivity, low
weight, low
cost, resistance to corrosion and decent mechanical stress resistance. The center
strand is steel for additional strength to help support the weight of the conductor. Due
to skin effect we can use steel despite it being a conductor.
H.T. Pole: High Tension pole. Steel towers are used only at transmission lines.Different
poles are used in different applications. While selecting the pole, before that pole should
have some properties like a longer life span, cost should be low, good mechanical
strength, etc. The selection of poles will also depend upon the voltage, weather conditions,
a span of the line, etc.
H-Pole RSJ Pole: Rolled Steel Joist are structural members specifically manufactured for
use as electricity poles. The long life, strength, and sturdiness have made it as an idle choice
for transmission poles.
Disc Insulator: Disc insulators are used in high voltage transmission and distribution
lines which are designed for fulfilling the required electro mechanical strength. Disc
insulators are used for providing insulation as well as support to the line conductors in
suspension and tension systems, as required. The whole purpose of an insulator is mainly
to insulate electrically charged parts of a machine or equipment from the other charged
part of the uncharged metallic parts.
Strain Insulator: Electrical insulator that works in mechanical strain to resist the balanced
electrical cable is known as strain insulator. These insulators give support to the
transmission lines as well as radio antennas in electrical wiring. This insulator can be placed
between two wires to separate them electrically from each other.
H.T. Meter & Metering Equipment(M.E.): C.T. and P.T. a transformer is

used as metering equipment in the transmission line.
M.E. Bushing: Bushing type M.E. is used for higher accuracy.
Cross Arm/ Channel: Channel Cross Arm is used to support and anchor conductors. It
holds the cable and the insulator to the main body, usually the tower.
Back/Front Clamp & Cross Arm: The electrical cross arm is connected to the utility pole
by double arming bolt, pigtail bolt, or U bolt. There are cross arm braces to support the
cross arm so that the line will not drop off.
Pin Insulator: An insulator that is used to isolate a wire from physical support such as a pin
on a utility pole or tower is known as pin type insulator. This type of insulator is used within
33kV power distribution systems.
Load Insolator/ A.B. Switch(Air Break changeover switch)/ G.O. Switch (Gang
operated Disconnector) : Main function of this product is to isolate the
Transformer, Overhead lines, System or Cables from distribution network. The A.B.
Switch has triple pole construction and will be suitable for Vertical / Horizontal mounting.
Jumper Conductor: A jumper is a conductor that is rated to carry full line (load plus
capacitive charging) current and is installed to connect line spans on opposite sides of a
deadend or a large angle structure. The jumper is installed on each phase of the line
and operates at full line voltage.
Earthing Strip: Earth wires intercept lightning strikes before they can hit the conductors
or power lines, protecting them from damage and power surges. These earth wires are
bare conductors placed and attached at the top of the transmission towers.
MS Angle: A MS angle or mild steel angle is a L-shaped cross-section used in the

construction of buildings and structures. The most commonly used MS steel angles are the
ones forming a 90-degree angle with two sides of equal length and width.
Fencing Area Barbed Wire Net: Fencing keeps animals out, keeps the power on.
Every year, animals cause hundreds of substation power outages that leave thousands
without power—and cost millions in repairs.
Supporting Pole: The supporting structures used for overhead transmission line conductors.
The line supports should have high mechanical strength so that it can withstand the weight of
conductors and wind loads, etc.
Pole Foundation: Pile foundation helps in reducing the differential settlement. Piles are
usually slender having a high length to width ratio. They are fundamentally designed to
resist axial loads. They transmit the load to the underlying stronger soil layer.
Stone: All the substation is provided with a good grounding system or low resistance path to
the fault current. Therefore to provide the high resistance for foot and ground, the stones are
provided.
Stones eliminate the growth of small weeds and plants inside the switchyard or transformer
yard.
The insulating oil spillages catch fire easily. So Stones/Gravel is provided to protect from fire
when oil spillage takes place.
It restricts the entry of snakes and other reptiles as the surface would be inconvenient to
crawl.
SGSITS SUB-STATION 33kV/440V:
Pole Mounted H.T. & L.T. Switchyard: It is a distribution substation placed overhead
on a pole. It is the cheapest form of substation as it does not involve any building work.
Lighting Arrester: The circuit which is protected from the strokes of lightning with the
help of a protection device is known as lightning arrester.
Earthing Strip: Earth wires intercept lightning strikes before they can hit the conductors
or power lines, protecting them from damage and power surges. These earth wires are
bare conductors placed and attached at the top of the transmission towers.
Jumper: A jumper is a conductor that is rated to carry full line (load plus capacitive
charging) current and is installed to connect line spans on opposite sides of a deadend or
a large angle structure.
D.O. Fuse Assembly: Drop Out Fuse (D.O.F) are fuse carriers of fiber glass tube with
heavily tinned non ferrous metal parts at both the ends. The brush type phosphorus bronze
contacts provide high pressure multi-line connection, wiping and cleaning action. The drop
out fuses are widely used for system protection as a secondary back-up against faults or
troubles. Installed at the high-voltage side, they are able to provide protection in case the
trouble is persistent.
Joint Kit: Right joint will depend on the size, shape and configuration of the cable, the
voltage rating, the structure, the insulation type, the particular application, and the number
of cores to be joined.
XLPE MV Cable: XLPE cable stands for cross linked polyethylene cable. It is a hydronic
tubing manufactured from polyethylene plastic. XLPE features a 3D molecular bond
structure and shape memory characteristics. XLPE insulation performs at both high and
low temperatures
Transformer Yard: As per the requirements of the customers, we are involved in offering
unmatchable quality of Transformer Yard Fencing. This Transformer Yard Fencing is
manufactured under the supervision of skilled professionals according to the set
industrial standards and parameters.
Earth Pit & Earth Chamber: Earthing, or ‘grounding’ an electrical network is an

essential safety feature, which can protect equipment from electrical faults and save
lives. When live wires touch a grounded metallic section, the brunt of the high voltages
is safely directed towards the ground.
Power System-I EE32571
Experiment No-02
Date: _____________ _________________
Objective: Visit to High Voltage Lab.
6 STAGE IMPULSE GENERATOR FOR TRANSFORMER TESTING

TYPES OF INSULATORS
3-PHASE TRANSMISSION CABLE (90/33kV)
TRANSFORMER OIL TESTER

TYPES OF CABLES
HIGH VOLTAGE AC TEST SET

Impulse Voltage Generator: In electronics, surges are a very critical thing and it is a
nightmare for every circuit designer. These surges are commonly referred to as impulse which
can be defined as a high voltage, typically in a few kV which exists for a short duration of
time. The characteristics of an impulse voltage can be noticed with a High or Low fall time
followed by a very high rise time of voltage, Lightning is an example of natural causes which
causes Impulse voltage. Since this Impulse voltage can severely damage electrical equipment,
it is important to test our devices to work against impulse voltage. This is where we use an
Impulse Voltage generator which generates high voltage or current surges in a controlled
testing set-up. In this article, we will learn about the working and application of the Impulse
Voltage Generator.
Transformer oil Tester:Transformer oil, a type of insulating and cooling oil used in
transformers and other electrical equipment, needs to be tested periodically to ensure that it is
still fit for purpose. This is because it tends to deteriorate over time. Testing sequences and
procedures are defined by various international standards, many of them set by ASTM.
Transformer oil testing consists of measuring breakdown voltage and other physical and
chemical properties of samples of the oil, either in a laboratory or using portable test
equipment on-site.
Types of Insulator:There are 5 types of insulators used in transmission lines as overhead

insulation:
1. Pin Insulator
2. Suspension Insulator
3. Strain Insulator
4. Stay Insulator
5. Shackle Insulator
Pin, Suspension, and Strain insulators are used in medium to high voltage systems. While
Stay and Shackle Insulators are mainly used in low voltage applications.
Types of Cables:The following types of cables are generally used for 3-phase service :
1. Belted cables — upto 11 kV
2. Screened cables — from 22 kV to 66 kV
3. Pressure cables — beyond 66 kV.
3- Phase Transmission Cable:ACSR conductor is very much popular for high voltage
overhead transmission lines. The choice of suitable material for Transmission line
depends upon–
1. Required electrical properties
2. Required mechanical strength
3. Local conditions
4. Cost of material
Required Properties in Materials Used for Conductor in Transmission Line
1. High conductivity
2. High tensile strength
3. Light weight
4. High resistance to corrosion in whether conditions
5. High thermal stability
6. Low coefficient of thermal expansion
7. Low cost
Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No-03
Objective: Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by manual calculation.
QUE :- Design a transmission line to transmit three phase 10,000 KW load at a 0.80 power
factor
lagging over a distance of 60 km. The regulation should be within 12% and the
efficiency
of transmission line not less than 25%.
SOLUTION :
Loading on the line = 10,000*1000*60 = 0.6 * 10^6 KW Km
From table 3.1, the voltage required for this loading is 66 KV.
From table 3.2, as the length of the line is 160 km, the voltage of line required would be 66kv
or above. It is therefore desirable to choose a voltage from 66 KV, 110 KV or if necessary
132 KV to obtain the required performance.
For the line voltage of 66 KV the current at receiving
end, I r = 10000/(1.732*66*0.80) = 109.40 at angle of -
36.8°
The approximate equivalent spacing of the conductors for a 110 KV line is Dm=2.6m
For high voltage lines, ACSR conductors are used.
From fig. 3.2 the conductors of nominal equivalent copper of 0.2580cm^2 gives a current
carrying capacity of 127A which is enough for the line under construction. The nearest size
of ACSR conductor chosen from table, therefore 6/0.335 aluminium and 1/0.335 steel. The
overall diameter is 1.005cm. Total no of strands is 7 and nominal copper equivalent area is
0.2580cm^2.
Resistance of line per km at 20°C = 0.5400Ω Resistance

of 60 km line per phase = 32.4Ω
The receiving end voltage per phase V r = 66 KV /1.732 = 38.10 at an angle of 0° taken as
reference voltage
phasor. Self GMD for 7 stranded wire = 2.177R

Outer radius = 1.005/2 = 0.5025cm , Self GMD Ds = 2.177*0.5025 =
1.093 cm Inductance per phase per meter= 2*10^-7 ln (Dm/Ds)
Now inductance per phase for 60 km = 2*10^-7 ln(2.6*100/1.093)* 60* 10^3
= 0.0656H
Reactance per phase, X= 2ΠfL = 314 * 0.0656
= 20.5Ω
Impedance per phase = (32.4+j20.5)Ω = 38.34 at angle 32.32°
The ratio Dm/R = 260/0.5025 = 517.41
The capacitance per phase per meter = 1/ 18*10^9 ln

517.41 The capacitance of 60 km line per phase =
C = 60*1000/18*10^9*6.248 = 0.533*10^-6 F
Y per phase = 2ΠfC = 314*0.533*10^-6 mho
= 0.00167 at angle 90°
To choose the final voltage and conductor size, it is necessary to calculate the regulation and
to check whether it would be within the permissible limits. For this it is necessary to find the
line constants of line A, B, C, D.
Now,
YZ = 38.34 at angle 32.32° * 0.00167 at angle 90°
= 0.640*10^-2 at
angle 122.32° YZ/2 =
0.32*10^-2 at angle
122.32°
A= D = 1 +YZ/2 =0.9983+0.0027j = 0.99 at

angle 0.15° B = Z (1 + ZY/6 + ……)
= (32.40+20.4j) [1- 5.66*10^-4+ 8.95*10^-4 j]

= (32.40+20.4j) (0.999+0.000895j)
= 32.34 + 20.4j = 38.2 at angle

32.24° C = Y (1 +YZ/6)
= 0.000167j (0.999+0.000895j)
= -1.43*10^-6 + 1.59*10^-4j
Now,
V r per phase = 38.10 KV
I r = 109.40 at angle -36.8° A = 87.60+65.5j A
To find out the sending voltage and regulation from the constants A,
B, C, D V r = AV r +B I r
= (0.9983+ 0.0027j) (38.10) + (38.34+20.4j) (87.60+ 65.5j)
= 39531.78 + 4007.31j
= 39734.3 at angle 5.78°
Thus,
The sending end voltage is 39734.3 V per phase and the receiving end voltage per phase
is 38100 V. Voltage regulation = [(Vs – Vr) 100% /Vr ]
= (39734.3 – 38100 )100% /
38100 Voltage regulation = 4.2

Department of Electrical Engineering Power System-I EE32571
Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No-04
Objective: Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by using MI Power tool.
Mi Power is a highly interactive, user-friendly windows-based Power System Analysis

package. It includes a set of modules for the performance of power system design and
analysis study for a widespread area. MI Power characteristics include a highest scratch
windows GUI with a federal database. Steady state, electro-magnetic and transient
analysis can be achieved with greatest precision and tolerance. MI power is an Indian
item created by Power Research and Development Consultants (PRDC). It is a
Bangalore based counseling and programming improvement organization. MI Power is
the top product of PRDC containing an extensive variety of programming applications
for the outline, investigation and reproduction of electrical power framework
(transmission, distribution and generation systems).
Date: _____________ _________________

Experiment No-05
Objective: Calculation of ABCD Parameters by using MI Power tool.
Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore Department of
Electrical Engineering
Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No- 06
Objective
Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Short Transmission Line.
Items Required
 Connecting leads.
Connection diagram
1. Open Circuit the Output Terminals:
Procedure
1. First of all make sure that the earthing of your laboratory is proper and connected to the
terminal provided on the back side of the penal.
2. Make sure that the AC supply is off and variac knob is at zero position.
3. Connect the terminal 3 with terminal 4.
4. Connect terminal 2 with terminal 21.
5. For measuring the sending end voltage, connect terminals 4 and 21with ‘Vs’ terminals
of “Sending End” respectively.
6. For measuring the sending end current, connect terminal 4 and 5 with ‘Is’ terminals of
“Sending End” respectively.
7. Connect R1 between terminal 5 and 6.
8. Connect L1 between terminal 6 and 7.
9. For measuring the receiving end voltage, connect terminal 8 and 22 with ‘Vr’ terminals
of “Receiving End”.
10. For measuring the receiving end current, connect terminal 7 & 8 with ‘Ir’ terminals of
“Receiving End”.
11. Measure the sending end and receiving end current and voltage respectively with the
help of switch S1, S2 and S3 which are provided at right side of the penal.
S1 Switch: You can simultaneously get sending end and receiving end voltage, current,
active, reactive, apparent power and power factor.
S2 Switch: You can get the sending and receiving ends active, apparent and reactive
power simultaneously.
S3 Switch: You can get the sending and receiving ends voltage, current and power
factor simultaneously.
(Make sure that at a time only one switch is ‘On’)
12. Select the switch as you want.
13. After completion of the entire connection, connect the mains cord to the panel & switch
‘On’ the power supply.
14. With the help of variac adjust the voltage up to 110 volt.
15. Now by using the values of Vs, Is & Vr we can easily calculate the dimensionless
coefficient A and admittance C.
16. Switch ‘Off’ the power supply.
17. Observation Table:
S. No. Sending End Sending End Receiving End Receiving

Current (Is) Voltage (Vs) Current (Ir) End
Voltage
(Vr)
1
2
3
4
Dimensionless Coefficient (A) = Vs / Vr
Admittance (C) = Is / Vr
2. Short Circuit the Output Terminals
Procedure
1. Short line connection remains same; you have to just shot output terminal 8 and 22 as
given in diagram.
4. Make sure that the variac knob is still on 110 volt position.
5. Now switch on the power supply.
6. In short test you will get Vs, Is, Ir, values and the Value of Vr is zero because output
terminal is short circuited.
7. By using their value you can easily find the short transmission line Impedance B and
Dimensionless Coefficient D.
8. Switch off the power supply & disconnect the all patch cords.
Note: Do not perform the short circuit test for long time because of high current resistance
gets heated.
Observation Table:
S. No. Sending End Sending Receiving End Receiving

Current (Is) End Current (Ir) End
Voltage Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4
Impedance (B) = Vs / Ir
Dimensionless Coefficient (D) = Is / Ir.
Image Parameter of short line:

1. We have already measured the value of sending end voltage and current when short
line’s output terminal was short circuited, the ratio of sending end voltage and current is
called Zsc.
Zsc = Vs/Is
2. We have already measured the values of sending end voltage and current when short
line’s output terminal was open circuited the ratio of sending end voltage and current is
called Zoc.
Zoc = Vs /Is
3. By using their values characteristic impedance and propagation constant can be
calculate by using following formulas.
Characteristic Impedance (Zo) = √ (Zsc x Zoc)
Propagation constant () = √ (Zsc/Zoc)
H Parameter:
By using the ABCD parameter we can easily find the H parameter as follow: H11 =
B/D
H12 = (AD – BC)/D
H21 = -1/D
H22 = C/D
Z Parameter:
By using the ABCD parameter we can easily find the Z parameter as follow: Z11 =
B/C
Z12 = (AD- BC)/C
Z21 = 1/C
Z22 = D/C
All Parameters:
Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No- 07
Objective
Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Medium Transmission Line.
 For T network
 For Pi network
Items Required
Connection diagram
For T network:
1. Open Circuit the Output Terminal:
Procedure
1. First of all make sure that the earthing of your laboratory is proper and connected to
the terminal provided on back side of the panel.
2. First of all make sure that the earthing of your laboratory is proper and connected to
the terminal provided on the back side of the penal.
4. Connect the supply terminal 3 and 2 with the terminal 14 and 26 respectively.
5. For measuring the sending end voltage, connect the terminals 14 and 26 with ‘Vs’
terminals of “Sending End” respectively.
6. For measuring sending end current, connect the terminals 14 and 15 with ‘Is’
terminals “Sending End”.
7. Connect R2 between terminal 15 & 16.
8. Connect L2 between terminal 16 & 17.
9. Connect C1 capacitor between terminal 17 and 28.
12. For measuring the receiving end voltage, connect terminal 20 and 30 with ‘Vr’
terminals of “Receiving End”.
13. For measure the receiving end current connect terminals of Ir between terminal 19
and 20.
16. After completion of the entire connection, connect the mains cord to the panel &
switch ‘On’ the power supply.
18. Now by using the values of Vs, Is, Vr we can easily calculate the dimensionless
19. Switch off the power supply
Observation Table:

Voltage Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4
Dimensionless Coefficient (A) = Vs / Vr Admittance

(C) = Is / Vr
2. Short Circuit the Output Terminal:
Procedure
1. Medium line connection remains same; you have to just short circuit the output
terminal 20 and 30 as given in diagram.
5. Now switch on the power supply.
dimensionless coefficient D.
8. Switch Off the power supply & disconnect the all patch cords.
Observation Table:

Voltage Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4
Impedance (B) = Vs / Ir Dimensionless

Coefficient (D) = Is / Ir
Image Parameter of short line:
called Zsc.
Zsc = Vs/Is
called Zoc.
Zoc = Vs /Is
Characteristic Impedance (Zo) = √ (Zsc x Zoc) Propagation
constant () = √ (Zsc/Zoc)
H Parameter:
B/D
H12 = (AD – BC)/D
H21 = -1/D
H22 = C/D
Z Parameter:
B/C
Z12 = (AD- BC)/C
Z21 = 1/C
Z22 = D/C
All Parameters:
For π network
Procedure:
2. Make sure that the AC supply is ‘Off’ and variac knob is at zero position.
3. Connect the supply terminal 3 and 2 between the terminal 14 and 26.
4. For measuring the sending end voltage, connect terminals 14 and 26 with ‘Vs’ terminals
5. For measuring the sending end current, connects terminal 14 and 15 with ‘Is’ terminals
of “Sending End”.
10. Connect C2 between terminal 15 and 27.

12. For measuring the receiving end voltage, connect terminal 20 and 30 with ‘Vr’
terminals of ‘Receiving End’.
13. For measure the receiving end current, connect terminals 19 and 20 with ‘Ir’ terminals
of “Receiving End”.
18. Now by using the values of Vs, Is, Vr we can easily calculate the dimensionless
19. Switch off the power supply.
Observation Table:
S. No. Sending End Sending Receiving Receiving
Current (Is) End End Current End
Voltage (Ir) Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4
Dimensionless Coefficient (A) = Vs / Vr

Admittance (C) = Is / Vr
2. Short Circuit the Output Terminal:
Procedure
1. Medium line connection remains same; you have to just shot circuit the output terminal
20 and 30 as given in diagram.
5. Now switch On the power supply.
Observation Table:
Voltage Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4

Coefficient (D) = Is / Ir Image Parameter
of short line:
called Zsc.
Zsc = Vs/Is
called Zoc.
Zoc = Vs /Is
H Parameter:
B/D
H12 = (AD – BC)/D
H21 = -1/D
H22 = C/D
Z Parameter:
B/C
Z12 = (AD- BC)/C
Z21 = 1/C
Z22 = D/C
All Parameters:
Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No- 08
Objective
Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Long Transmission Line.
Items Required
Connection diagram
Circuit diagram of long transmission line is done in five steps which help the user to easily
understand the compact connection. Each next step has its previous connection.
Step 1:
Procedure
3. Connect the terminal 3 with terminal 4 & Connect terminal 2 with terminal 21.
4. For measuring the sending end voltage, connect terminals 4 and 21with ‘Vs’ terminals
5. For measuring the sending end current, connect terminal 4 and 5 with ‘Is’ terminals of
“Sending End” respectively.
6. Connect R1 between terminal 5 and 6 & Connect L1 between terminal 6 and 7.
7. Connect terminal 7 to terminal 8.

8. Connect terminal 8 to 9 & terminal 22 to 23.
Step 2:
1. Remains the previous connection which you have made in first step and expand the
transmission line by connecting other component.
2. Connect R4 resistor between terminal 9 and 10 & connect L4 inductor coil between
terminal 10 and 11.
3. Connect C2 capacitor between terminal 11 and 24.
Step 3:
1. Remain the previous connection which you have made in first & second step and
expand the transmission line by connecting other components.
4. Expand the line by connecting terminal 13 with 14, 14 with 15 and 25 with 26.
Step 4:
1. Remain the previous connection which you have made in first, second &third steps and
expand the transmission line by connecting other components.
4. Capacitor C4 between terminal 17 and 28.
Step 5:
1. Remain the previous connection which you have made in first, second, third & fourth
steps and expand the transmission line by connecting other components.
5. For measuring the receiving end voltage, connect terminal 20 and 30 with ‘Vr'
terminals of “Receiving End”.
6. For measure the receiving end current, connect terminal 19 & 20 with ‘Ir' terminals of
“Receiving End”.
Whole long line pin connection given bellow:
This is the connections for long transmission line which is the combine connection of step
1,2,3,4 and 5.
Procedure:
1. Make sure that the output terminal 20 and 30 are open circuited.
4. Now by using the values of Vs, Is & Vr we can easily calculate the dimensionless
5. Switch ‘Off’ the power supply.
Observation Table:
Voltage Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4
Dimensionless Coefficient (A) = Vs / Vr Admittance

(C) = Is / Vr2. Short Circuit the Output Terminal:
Procedure:
1. Long line connection remains same; you have to just shot circuit the output terminal 20
and 30 as given in diagram.
5. Now switch On the power supply.
Observation Table:

Voltage Voltage
(Vs) (Vr)
1
2
3
4
Coefficient (D) = Is / Ir Image
Parameter of short line:
called Zsc.
Zsc = Vs/Is
called Zoc.
Zoc = Vs /Is
H Parameter:
B/D
H12 = (AD – BC)/D
H21 = -1/D
H22 = C/D
Z Parameter:
B/C
Z12 = (AD- BC)/C
Z21 = 1/C
Z22 = D/C
All Parameters:
Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No- 09
Objective
Measure the receiving end voltage of each line under no load or lightly load condition to
understand Ferranti effect.
Items Required
Connection diagram
Procedure
1. First make the all connections same as open circuited of long transmission line
(Experiment 3).
6. Measure the output voltage of long transmission line when output terminal is open
circuited, you will observe that the output voltage at Receiving End is greater than the
Sending End which is the proof of Ferranti effect.
Observation Table:
Sending End Power Factor Receiving End Power Factor

Date: _____________ _________________
Experiment No- 10
Objective
Understand the performance of long transmission line under different loads with varies
Resistive, Inductive, and Capacitive load in different steps.
Items Required
Connection diagram
Resistive Load:
Procedure
(Experiment 3).
2. Connect resistive load from the Load Section between output terminal 20 and 30 as
given in above figure and using the switch S3 calculate the power factor of Sending and
Receiving Ends.
Observation Table:
Inductive Load:
Procedure:
(Experiment 3).
2. Connect inductive load from the Load Section between output terminal 20 and 30 as
given in above figure and using the switch S3 calculate the power factor of Sending and
Receiving Ends.
Observation Table:
Series RL Load:
Procedure:
(Experiment 3).
2. Connect series R and L load from the Load Section between output terminal 20 and 30
as given in above figure and using the switch S3 calculate the power factor of Sending
and Receiving Ends.
Observation Table:
Parallel LC Load:
Procedure:
1. First make the all connections same as open circuited of long transmission
line (Experiment 4).
2. Connect parallel L and C load from the Load Section between output
terminal 20 and 30 as given in above figure and using the switch S3
calculate the power factor of Sending and Receiving Ends.
3. After completion of the entire connection, connect the mains cord to the
panel & switch ‘On’ the power supply.
Observation Table:
Series RLC Load:

Procedure:
1. First make the all connections same as open circuited of long transmission
line (Experiment 3).
2. Connect series R, L and C load from the Load Section between output
terminal 20 and 30 as given in above figure and using the switch S3
calculate the power factor of Sending and Receiving Ends.
3. After completion of the entire connection, connect the mains cord to the
panel & switch ‘On’ the power supply.
Observation Table:

Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore-452003 (An Autonomous Institute, Established in 1952)

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Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore-452003 (An Autonomous Institute, Established in 1952)

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SHRI G.S.

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, INDORE-452003

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE, ESTABLISHED IN 1952)

B.E. III YEAR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

A front-line institute in Technology & Science making significant contribution to human

Department of Electrical Engineering

To develop leading expertise in the Electrical Engineering field making significant

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO_1: To impart core knowledge of Electrical Engineering for technical careers.

PEO_3: To motivate students for higher studies in Electrical Engineering so

PEO_5: To produce graduates to ensure ethical and moral behavior.

ROLL NO. ______________________________________________

BRANCH ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT POWER SYSTEM-I

S.No. Name of Experiment

Study of Distribution Systems present in our college.

Visit to the High Voltage Lab.

Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by

Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by using MI

ABCD Parameter Calculation using MI Power tool.

6. Determine the ABCD, H, Z and Image parameters of Short Transmission Line.

Date: _____________ _________________

Roll No.: ___________ Signature of Professor

Objective: Study of Distribution System present in our college.

H.T. Meter & Metering Equipment(M.E.): C.T. and P.T. a transformer is

M.E. Bushing: Bushing type M.E. is used for higher accuracy.

MS Angle: A MS angle or mild steel angle is a L-shaped cross-section used in the

Earth Pit & Earth Chamber: Earthing, or ‘grounding’ an electrical network is an

Roll No.: ___________ Signature of Professor

Objective: Visit to High Voltage Lab.

6 STAGE IMPULSE GENERATOR FOR TRANSFORMER TESTING

TRANSFORMER OIL TESTER

HIGH VOLTAGE AC TEST SET

Types of Insulator:There are 5 types of insulators used in transmission lines as overhead

Date: _____________ _________________

Roll No.: ___________ Signature of Professor

Objective: Calculation of Transmission line Parameters by manual calculation.

Loading on the line = 10,000*1000*60 = 0.6 * 10^6 KW Km

end, I r = 10000/(1.732*66*0.80) = 109.40 at angle of -

For high voltage lines, ACSR conductors are used.

Resistance of line per km at 20°C = 0.5400Ω Resistance

phasor. Self GMD for 7 stranded wire = 2.177R

1.093 cm Inductance per phase per meter= 2*10^-7 ln (Dm/Ds)

Now inductance per phase for 60 km = 2*10^-7 ln(2.6*100/1.093)* 60* 10^3

Reactance per phase, X= 2ΠfL = 314 * 0.0656

Impedance per phase = (32.4+j20.5)Ω = 38.34 at angle 32.32°

The ratio Dm/R = 260/0.5025 = 517.41

The capacitance per phase per meter = 1/ 18*10^9 ln

Y per phase = 2ΠfC = 314*0.533*10^-6 mho

= 0.00167 at angle 90°

YZ = 38.34 at angle 32.32° * 0.00167 at angle 90°

A= D = 1 +YZ/2 =0.9983+0.0027j = 0.99 at

= (32.40+20.4j) [1- 5.66*10^-4+ 8.95*10^-4 j]

= 32.34 + 20.4j = 38.2 at angle

V r per phase = 38.10 KV

I r = 109.40 at angle -36.8° A = 87.60+65.5j A

= (0.9983+ 0.0027j) (38.10) + (38.34+20.4j) (87.60+ 65.5j)

= 39734.3 at angle 5.78°

Date: _ _____

Date: _ _____

Loading on the line = 10,000100060 = 0.6 * 10^6 KW Km

end, I r = 10000/(1.732660.80) = 109.40 at angle of -

Now inductance per phase for 60 km = 210^-7 ln(2.6100/1.093)* 60* 10^3

Y per phase = 2ΠfC = 3140.53310^-6 mho

= (32.40+20.4j) [1- 5.6610^-4+ 8.9510^-4 j]

Date: _ _____

Date: _ _____

Date: _ _____

Date: _ _____

Date: _ _____