Hydrogen 209

1. Hydrogen is not more reactive at ordinary temperature, (c) Hydrogen molecule can form intermolecular hydrogen
because at ordinary temperature it is in its: bonds but chlorine molecule does not
(a) gaseous state (b) liquid state (d) Hydrogen molecule cannot participate in coordination
(c) molecular state (d) atomic state bond formation but chlorine molecule can
2. Hydrogen has high ionization energy than alkali metals 11. Hydrogen will not reduce
because it has : (a) heated cupric oxide (d) heated ferric oxide
(a) Ionic bond (b) Covalent bond (c) heated stannic oxide (d) heated aluminium oxide
12. Hydrogen is evolved by the action of cold dil. HNO3 on
(c) Large size (d) Small size
(a) Fe (b) Mn
3. The number of moles of H2 in 0.224 litre of hydrogen gas
(c) Cu (d) Al
at STP (273 K, 1 atm) is :
13. On industrial scale, H2O2 is now generally prepared by
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.01
(a) The action of H2SO4 on barium
(c) 0.001 (d) 1
(b) The action of H2SO4 on sodium peroxide
4. The ionization of hydrogen atom would give rise to (c) By the electrolysis of H2SO4
(a) hydride ion (b) hydronium ion (d) By burning hydrogen in an excess of O2.
(c) proton (d) hydroxyl ion. 14. Hydrogen can behave as a metal
5. Which of the following statement is not correct regarding (a) at very high temperature
hydrogen atom? (b) at very low temperature
(a) It resembles with halogens in some properties (c) at very high pressure
(b) It resembles with alkali metals in some properties. (d) at very low pressure
(c) It cannot be placed in first group of periodic table. 15. Which cannot be oxidised by H2O2 :
(d) It is the lightest element
(a) Na2SO3 (b) PbS
6. Which one of the following pairs of substances on reaction
(c) KI (d) O3
will not evolve H2 gas? 16. The property of hydrogen which distinguishes it from alkali
(a) Iron and H2SO4 (aqueous) metals is
(b) Iron and steam (a) its electropositive character
(c) Copper and HCl (aqueous) (b) its affinity for non metal
(d) Sodium and ethyl alcohol (c) its reducing character
7. When two ice cubes are pressed over each other, they unite to (d) its non-metallic character
form one cube. Which of the following forces is responsible to 17. Hydrogen accepts an electron to form inert gas
hold them together ? configuration. In this it resembles
(a) Hydrogen bond formation (a) halogen (b) alkali metals
(b) van der Waals forces (c) chalcogens (d) alkaline earth metals
(c) Covalent attraction 18. In Bosch’s process which gas is utilised for the production
(d) Ionic interaction of hydrogen gas ?
8. Which statement is correct for hydrogen ? (a) Producer gas (b) Water gas
(a) It has a very high ionisation potential (c) Coal gas (d) None of these
(b) It is always collected at cathode 19. The adsorption of hydrogen by metals is called
(c) It can form bonds in +1 as well as –1 oxidation state (a) Dehydrogenation (b) Hydrogenation
(d) It has same electronegativity as halogens (c) Occlusion (d) Adsorption
9. Hydrogen can be differentiated by other alkali metals due to 20. Which of the following ions can be replaced by H+ ions
its : when H2 gas is bubbled through the solutions containing
(a) nonmetallic character these ions ?
(a) Li+ (b) Ba2+
(b) affinity for non-metals 2+
(c) Cu (d) Be2+
(c) electropositive character 21. Which of the following terms is not correct for hydrogen ?
(d) reducing character (a) Its molecule is diatomic
10. Hydrogen molecules differs from chlorine molecule in the (b) It exists both as H+ and H– in different chemical
following respect compounds
(a) Hydrogen molecule is non-polar but chlorine molecule (c) It is the only species which has no neutrons in the
is polar nucleus
(b) Hydrogen molecule is polar while chlorine molecule is (d) Heavy water is unstable because hydrogen is
non-polar substituted by its isotope deuterium
 210 CHEMISTRY

22. Water is : 34. The boiling point of water is exceptionally high because
(a) more polar than H 2S (a) there is covalent bond between H and O
(b) water molecule is linear
(b) more or less identical in polarity with H 2S
(c) water molecules associate due to hydrogen bonding
(c) less polar than H 2S (d) water molecule is not linear
(d) None of these 35. What is formed when calcium carbide reacts with heavy
23. The reagent commonly used to determine hardness of water?
water titrimetrically is (a) C2D2 (b) CaD2
(a) oxalic acid (b) sodium thiosulphate (c) Ca2D2O (d) CD2
(c) sodium citrate (d) disodium salt of EDTA 36. Water possesses a high dielectric constant, therefore :
24. Calgon used as a water softener is (a) it always contains ions
(a) Na 2 [Na 4 (PO3 )6 ] (b) Na 4 [ Na 2 (PO 3 ) 6 ] (b) it is a universal solvent
(c) Na 4 [Na 4 (PO 4 )5 ] (d) Na 4 [ Na 2 (PO 4 ) 6 ] (c) can dissolve covalent compounds
(d) can conduct electricity
25. Which of the following groups of ions makes the water hard?
(a) Sodium and bicarbonate 37. Chemical A is used for water softening to remove temporary
hardness. A reacts with sodium carbonate to generate caustic
(b) Magnesium and chloride
soda. When CO2 is bubbled through a solution of A, it turns
(c) Potassium and sulphate
cloudy. What is the chemical formula of A.
(d) Ammonium and chloride.
(a) CaCO3 (b) CaO
26. Consider the following statements :
1. Atomic hydrogen is obtained by passing hydrogen (c) Ca(OH)2 (d) Ca(HCO3)2
through an electric arc. 38. Which of the following is not true?
2. Hydrogen gas will not reduce heated aluminium oxide. (a) D2O freezes at lower temperature than H2O
3. Finely divided palladium adsorbs large volume of (b) Reaction between H2 and Cl2 is much faster than D2
hydrogen gas and Cl2
4. Pure nascent hydrogen is best obtained by reacting Na
(c) Ordinary water gets electrolysed more rapidly than D2O
with C2H5OH
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (d) Bond dissociation energy of D2 is greater than H2
(a) 1 alone (b) 2 alone 39. Which of the following statements do not define the
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4 characteristic property of water “Water is a universal
27. Pure water can be obtained from sea water by solvent”
(a) centrifugation (b) plasmolysis (a) It can dissolve maximum number of compounds
(c) reverse osmosis (d) sedimentation (b) It has very low dielectric constant
28. The H–O–H angle in water molecule is about (c) It has high liquid range
(a) 90º (b) 180º (d) None of these
(c) 102.5° (d) 104.5º
40. The reaction
29. D2O is used in
(a) motor vehicles (b) nuclear reactor H 2S + H 2 O 2 ¾
¾® S + 2H 2 O manifests
(c) medicine (d) insecticide
(a) Acidic nature of H2O2
30. The process used for the removal of hardness of water is
(b) Alkaline nature of H2O2
(a) Calgon (b) Baeyer
(c) Oxidising action of H2O2
(c) Serpeck (d) Hoope
(d) Reducing action of H2O2.
31. When zeolite (hydrated sodium aluminium silicate) is treated
with hard water the sodium ions are exchanged with 41. Triple point of water is
(a) H+ ions (b) Ca2+ ions (a) 273 K (b) 373 K
(c) 203 K (d) 193 K
(c) SO 2- ions
4 (d) OH– ions
42. Which of the following is correct about heavy water ?
32. The percentage by weight of hydrogen in H2O2 is (a) Water at 4°C having maximum density is known as
(a) 5.88 (b) 6.25 heavy water
(c) 25 (d) 50
(b) It is heavier than water (H2O)
33. The alum used for purifying water is
(c) It is formed by the combination of heavier isotope of
(a) ferric alum (b) chrome alum
hydrogen with oxygen
(c) potash alum (d) ammonium alum
(d) None of these
 Hydrogen 211

43. When sulphur trioxide is heated with heavy water the 58. Which of the following is wrong about H2O2? It is used
products are (a) As aerating agent in production of spong rubber
(a) Deutero-sulphuric acid (b) As an antichlor
(b) Deuterium sulphuric acid (c) For restoring white colour of blackened lead painting
(c) Deuterium and sulphuric acid
(d) None of these
(d) None of the above. 59. H2O2 ® 2H+ + O2 + 2e– ; E° = –0.68 V. This equation
44. The volume strength of 1.5 N H 2 O 2 solution is : represents which of the following behaviour of H2O2.
(a) 8.4 (b) 8.0 (a) Reducing (b) Oxidising
(c) 4.8 (d) 3.0 (c) Acidic (d) Catalytic
45. The decomposition of H2O2 is accelerated by – 60. Hard water when passed through ion exchange resin
(a) glycerine (b) alcohol containing R’COOH groups, becomes free from :
(c) phosphoric acid (d) Pt powder
46. Commercial 10 volume H2O2 is a solution with a strength of (a) Cl - (b) SO24-
approximately
(a) 15% (b) 3% (c) H3 O+ (d) Ca 2 +
(c) 1% (d) 10% 61. H2O2 when added to a solution containing KMnO4 and
47. Which of the following statements is not true for hydrogen H2SO4 :
peroxide? (a) Acts as an oxidizing agent
(a) Pure H2O2 is fairly stable
(b) Acts as a reducing agent
(b) It sometimes acts as a reducing agent
(c) It acts as an oxidising agent (c) Acts both as an oxidizing as well as a reducing agent
(d) Aqueous solution of H2O2 is weakly basic (d) Producing no reaction
48. The structure of H2O2 is 62. The O – O – H bond angle in H2O2 is
(a) planar (b) non planar (a) 106° (b) 109°28'
(c) spherical (d) linear
(c) 120° (d) 94.8°
49. In lab H2O2 is prepared by
(a) Cold H2SO4 + BaO2 (b) HCl + BaO2 63. When H2O2 is oxidised the product is
(c) Conc. H2SO4 + Na2O2 (d) H2 + O2 (a) OH– (b) O2
50. The reaction of H2S + H2O2 ® S + 2H2O manifests (c) O2– (d) HO2–
(a) Acidic nature of H2O2 (b) Alkaline nature of H2O2 64. Some statements about heavy water are given below:
(c) Oxidising nature of H2O2 (d) Reducing action of H2O2 (A) Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
51. The strength in volumes of a solution containing 30.36 g/L (B) Heavy water is more associated than ordinary water.
of H2O2 is (C) Heavy water is more effective solvent than ordinary
(a) 10 V (b) 5 V water.
(c) 20 V (d) None of these Which of the above statements are correct?
52. Which one the following removes temporary hardness of
(a) (A) and (C) (b) (A) and (B)
water ?
(c) (A), (B) and (C) (d) (B) and (C)
(a) Slaked lime (b) Plaster of Paris
(c) Epsom (d) Hydrolith 65. Which of the following reaction produces hydrogen
53. 20 volume H2O2 solution has a strength of about (a) Mg + H2O (b) BaO2 + HCl
(a) 30% (b) 6% (c) H2S4O8 + H2O (d) Na2O2 + 2HCl
(c) 3% (d) 10% 66. Hydrogen can be fused to form helium at
54. Which substance does not speed up decomposition of H2O2 (a) High temperature and high pressure
(a) Glycerol (b) Pt (b) High temperature and low pressure
(c) Gold (d) MnO2 (c) Low temperature and high pressure
55. H2O2 is a
(d) Low temperature and low pressure
(a) Weak acid (b) Weak base
67. Which of the following gas is insoluble in water ?
(c) Neutral (d) None of these
56. Hydrogen is not obtained when zinc reacts with (a) SO2 (b) NH3
(a) Cold water (b) dil. HCl (c) H2 (d) CO2
(c) dil. H2SO4 (d) Hot NaOH (20%) 68. In which of the following reactions, H2O2 acts as a reducing
57. H2O2 is always stored in black bottles because agent
(a) It is highly unstable (a) PbO2(s) + H2O2 (aq) ® PbO(s) + H2O( ) + O2 (g)
(b) Its enthalpy of decomposition is high (b) Na2SO3 (aq) + H2O2(aq) ® Na2SO4(aq) + H2O( )
(c) It undergo auto-oxidation on prolonged standing
(c) 2KI(aq) + H2O2 (aq) ® 2KOH (aq) + I2(s)
(d) None of these
(d) KNO2(aq) + H2O2 (aq) ® KNO3 (aq) + H2O( )
 212 CHEMISTRY

69. Which one of the following statements is incorrect with (a) 17 (b) 51
regard to ortho- and para-dihydrogen? (c) 34 (d) 85
(a) They are nuclear spin isomers 72. The polymeric hydride is
(b) The ortho isomer has zero nuclear spin whereas the (a) CaH2 (b) NaH
para isomer has one nuclear spin (c) BaH2 (d) MgH2
(c) The para isomer is flavoured at low temperatures 73. The volume strength of a 3% w/v H2O2 sample is
(d) The thermal conductivity of the para isomer is 50% (a) 20 (b) 15
greater than that of the ortho isomer (c) 25 (d) 10
70. Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of 74. The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in all the
(a) bicarbonates of sodium and potassium three isotopes of hydrogen is
(a) 6 (b) 5
(b) chlorides and sulphates of sodium and potassium (c) 4 (d) 3
(c) chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium 75. Which of the following undergoes reduction with hydrogen
(d) bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium peroxide in alkaline medium?
71. The strength of H2O2 (in g/litre) in 11.2 volume solution of (a) Cl2 (b) I2
H2O2 is (c) PbS (d) Mn 2+

1. At its melting point ice is lighter than water because (a) the radius of the H nucleus
(a) H2O molecules are more closely packed in solid state (b) the electronegativity of H atom.
(b) ice crystals have hollow hexagonal arrangement of H2O
(c) the ionisation energy of the H-atom
molecules.
(c) on melting of ice the H2O molecule shrinks in size (d) the bond dissociation energyof H–H bond
(d) ice froms mostly heavy water on first melting. 7. D2O is preferred to H2O, as a moderator, in nuclear reactors
2. Which pair does not show hydrogen isotopes ? because
(a) D2O slows down fast neutrons better
(a) Ortho and para hydrogen
(b) D2O has high specific heat
(b) Protium & deuterium (c) D2O is cheaper
(c) Deuterium & tritium (d) None of these
(d) Tritium and protium 8. Saline hydrides react explosively with water, such fires can
3. The hydride ion, H–, is a stronger base than the hydroxide be extinguished by
ion, OH–. Which one of the following reactions will occur if (a) water (b) carbon dioxide
sodium hydride (NaH) is dissolved in water? (c) sand (d) None of these
(a) H - (aq ) + H 2 O( ) ® H3O - (aq ) 9. Which of the following chemicals is not present in clear
hard water?
(b) H - ( aq ) + H 2 O( ) ® OH - ( aq ) + H 2 ( g )
(a) MgCO3 (b) MgSO4
(c) H - ( aq ) + H 2O( ) ® OH - ( aq ) + 2 H + ( aq ) + 2e (c) Mg(HCO3)2 (d) CaCl2
(d) H - (aq ) + H 2O( ) ® No reaction 10. When same amount of zinc is treated separately with excess
4. HCl is added to following oxides. Which one would give of sulphuric acid and excess of sodium hydroxide solution
H2O2 the ratio of volumes of hydrogen evolved is
(a) MnO2 (b) PbO2 (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) BaO (d) None of these (c) 2 : 1 (d) 9 : 4
5. Heavy water reacts respectively with CO2, SO3, P2O5 and 11. Choose the correct statement :
N2O5 to give the compounds : The reason for use of polyphosphates as water softening
(a) D2CO3, D2SO4, D3PO2, DNO2
agents is, that
(b) D2CO3, D2SO4, D3PO4, DNO2
(c) D2CO3, D2SO3, D3PO4, DNO2 (a) they form soluble complexes with anionic species
(d) D2CO3, D2SO4, D3PO4, DNO3 (b) they precipitate out cationic species
6. The H– ion can be formed in ordinary chemical reaction (c) they precipitate out anionic species
under proper conditions, but the H+ ion cannot. The best (d) they form soluble complexes with cationic species
explanation for this difference is due to
 Hydrogen 213

12. Which one of the following processes will produce hard (b) Two OH bonds lies in the same plane
water ? (c) Pale blue liquid
(a) Saturation of water with MgCO3 (d) Can be oxidised by ozone
(b) Saturation of water with CaSO4
DIRECTIONS for Qs. 19 to 25: These are Assertion-Reason
(c) Addition of Na2SO4 to water
type questions. Each of these question contains two statements:
(d) Saturation of water with CaCO3 Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason). Answer these
13. Which of the following species is diamagnetic in nature? questions from the following four options.
(a) H -2 (b) H +2 (a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a
correct explanation for Statement -1
(c) H2 (d) He +2
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement-2 is
14. Which of the following statements in relation to the NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
hydrogen atom is correct ? (c) Statement-1 is True, Statement- 2 is False
(a) 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals all have the same energy (d) Statement-1 is False, Statement -2 is True
(b) 3s and 3p orbitals are of lower energy than 3d orbital 19. Statement-1 : Decomposition of H2O2 is a disproportionation
(c) 3p orbital is lower in energy than 3d orbital reaction.
(d) 3s orbital is lower in energy than 3p orbital Statement-2 : H2O2 molecule simultaneously undergoes
15. In context with the industrial preparation of hydrogen from oxidation and reduction.
water gas (CO + H2), which of the following is the correct 20. Statement-1 : Temporary hardness can be removed by
statement? boiling.
(a) CO and H2, are fractionally separated using differences Statement-2 : On boiling the soluble bicarbonates change
in their densities to carbonates which being insoluble, get precipitated.
(b) CO is removed by absorption in aqueous Cu 2Cl 2 21. Statement-1 : H2O2 is not stored in glass bottles.
solution Statement-2 : Alkali oxides present in glass catalyse the
(c) H2 is removed through occlusion with pd decomposition of H2O2
(d) CO is oxidised to CO2 with steam in the presence of a 22. Statement-1 : Hydrogen combines with other elements by
catalyst followed by absorption of of CO2 in alkali losing, gaining or sharing of electrons.
16. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of O2 Statement-2 : Hydrogen forms electrovalent and covalent
because H2O molecule has bonds with other elements.
(a) Fewer electrons than oxygen 23. Statement-1 : Calgon is used for removing permanent
(b) Two covalent bonds hardness of water.
(c) V-shape Statement-2 : Calgon forms precipitates with Ca2+ and Mg2+.
(d) Dipole moment 24. Statement-1 : In alkaline solution, H2O2 reacts with
17. Blackened oil painting can be restored into original form by potassium ferricyanide.
the action of Statement-2 : H2O2 is a strong reducing agent.
(a) Chlorine (b) BaO2 25. Statement-1 : Hydrogen peroxide forms two series of salts
(c) H2O2 (d) MnO2 called peroxides.
18. Which of the following is false about H2O2 Statement-2 : Hydrogen peroxide molecule has two
(a) Act as both oxidising and reducing agent replaceable hydrogen atom.

Exemplar Questions 2. Why does H+ ion always get associated with other atoms or
molecules?
1. Hydrogen resembles halogens in many respects for which
(a) Ionisation enthalpy of hydrogen resembles that of alkali
several factors are responsible. Of the following factors
metals
which one is most important in this respect?
(b) Its reactivity is similar to halogens
(a) Its tendency to lose an electron to form a cation
(c) It resembles both alkali metals and halogens
(b) Its tendency to gain a single electron in its valence
(d) Loss of an electron from hydrogen atom results in a
shell to attain stable electronic configuration
nucleus of very small size as compared to other atoms
(c) Its low negative electron gain enthalpy value
or ions. Due to small size it cannot exist free.
(d) Its small size
 214 CHEMISTRY

3. Metal hydrides are ionic, covalent or molecular in nature.

C ( s ) + H 2 O ( g ) ¾¾¾¾
® CO ( g ) + H 2 ( g )
1270 K
(b)
Among LiH, NaH, RbH, CsH, the correct order of increasing
ionic character is CO ( g ) + H 2O ( g ) ¾¾¾¾
® CO2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g )
673K
(c) Catalyst
(a) LiH > NaH > CsH > KH >RbH
(b) LiH < NaH < KH < RbH < CsH (d) C 2 H 6 + 2H 2 O ¾¾¾¾
1270 K
® 2CO + 5H 2
(c) RbH > CsH > NaH > KH > LiH Ni
(d) NaH > CsH > RbH > LiH > KH 12. When sodium peroxide is treated with dilute sulphuric acid,
4. Which of the following hydrides is electron-precise hydride? we get ........ .
(a) B2H6 (b) NH3 (a) sodium sulphate and water
(c) H2O (d) CH4 (b) sodium sulphate and oxygen
5. Radioactive elements emit a, b and g rays and are (c) sodium sulphate, hydrogen and oxygen
characterised by their half-lives. The radioactive isotope of (d) sodium sulphate and hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen is 13. Hydrogen peroxide is obtained by the electrolysis of .... .
(a) protium (b) deuterium (a) water (b) sulphuric acid
(c) tritium (d) hydronium (c) hydrochloric acid (d) fused sodium peroxide
6. Consider the reactions 14. Which of the following reactions is an example of use of
(i) H2O2 + 2HI ¾¾ ® I2 + 2H2O water gas in the synthesis of other compounds?
CH 4 ( g ) + H 2 O ( g ) ¾¾¾¾
® CO ( g ) + H 2 ( g )
1270 K
(a)
(ii) HOCl + H2O2 ¾¾
® H3O + + Cl– + O2 Ni

CO ( g ) + H 2O ( g ) ( g ) + H 2 (g )
673 K
Which of the following statements is correct about H2O2 with (b) ¾¾¾¾ ® CO2
Catalyst
reference to these reactions ? Hydrogen peroxide is .....
C n H 2n + 2 + nH 2 O ( g ) ¾¾¾¾
1270 K
(a) an oxidising agent in both (i) and (ii) (c) ® nCO + ( 2n + 1) H 2
Ni
(b) an oxidising agent in (i) and reducing agent in (ii)
CO ( g ) + 2H 2 ( g )
Cobalt
(d) ¾¾¾¾ ® CH3OH ( l)
(c) a reducing agent in (i) and oxidising agent in (ii) Catalyst
(d) a reducing agent in both (i) and (ii) 15. Which of the following ions will cause hardness in water
7. The oxide that gives H2O2 on treatment with dilute H2SO4 is sample?
(a) PbO2 (b) BaO2,8H2O (a) Ca2+ (b) Na+
(c) MnO2 (d) TiO2 (c) Cl– (d) K+
8. Which of the following equations depict the oxidising nature 16. Which of the following compounds is used for water
of H2O2? softening?
(a) Ca3(PO4)2 (b) Na3PO4
(a) 2MnO -2 + 6H + + 5H 2 O 2 ¾¾
® 2Mn 2+ + 8H 2 O + 5O 2
(c) Na6P6O18 (d) Na2HPO4
(b) 2Fe3+ + 2H + + H 2 O 2 ¾¾
® 2Fe 2+ + 2H 2 O + O 2 17. Elements of which of the following group(s) of periodic table
do not form hydrides?
(c) 2I - + 2H + + H 2 O 2 ¾¾
® I 2 + 2H 2 O (a) Groups 7, 8, 9 (b) Group 13
(c) Groups 15, 16, 17 (d) Group 14
(d) KIO 4 + H 2 O 2 ¾¾ ® KIO3 + H 2 O + O 2 18. Only one element of ........ forms hydride.
9. Which of the following equation depict reducing nature of (a) group 6 (b) group 7
H2 O2 ? (c) group 8 (d) group 9
(a) 2[Fe(CN) 6 ]4 - + 2H + + H 2 O 2 ¾¾
® NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
19. (i) H2O2 + O3 ® H2O + 2O2
2 [ Fe ( CN )6 ]
3-
+ 2H 2 O (ii) H2O2 + Ag2O ® 2Ag + H2O + O2
(b) I 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2OH - ¾¾
® 2I - + 2H 2 O + O 2 Role of hydrogen peroxide in the above reactions is
respectively - [2014]
(c) Mn 2 + + H 2 O 2 ¾¾
® Mn 4 + + 2OH -
(a) Oxidizing in (i) and reducing in (ii)
(d) PbS + 4H 2 O 2 ¾¾
® PbSO 4 + 4H 2 O (b) Reducing in (i) and oxidizing in (ii)
10. Hydrogen peroxide is .......... . (c) Reducing in (i) and (ii)
(a) an oxidising agent (d) Oxidizing in (i) and (ii)
(b) a reducing agent 20. Which of the following statements about hydrogen is
(c) both an oxidising and a reducing agent incorrect ? [2016]
(d) neither oxidising nor reducing agent (a) hydrogen has three isotopes of which tritium is the
11. Which of the following reactions increases production of most common.
dihydrogen from synthesis gas? (b) Hydrogen never acts as cation in ionic salts
CH 4 ( g ) + H 2 O ( g ) ¾¾ ¾¾
® CO ( g ) + 3H 2 ( g )
1270 K
(a) (c) Hydronium ion, H3O+ exists freely in solution
Ni
(d) Dihydrogen does not act as a reducing agent
 Hydrogen 215

Hints & Solutions

EXERCISE - 1 17. (a) H + e– (1s1) ® H– (1s2 or [He])
F + e–([He]2s22p5) ® F– ( [He] 2s2 2p6 or [Ne])
1. (c) Hydrogen is not reactive at ordinary temperature
catalyst
because it is in molecular state i.e., as H2 with its 18. (b) CO + H 2+ H2O CO 2+ 2H2
complete duplet which makes it stable and lesser water gas
reactive. At very high temperature, hydrogen exists in
19. (c) Occlusion is the phenomenon of adsorption of
atomic form having one electron i.e., incomplete duplet
which makes it less stable and highly reactive. hydrogen by metal.
2. (d) Hydrogen has high ionisation energy in comparision 20. (c) Among the given ions, only Cu 2 + lies below H + in
with alkali metals because it has only one orbital i.e. electrochemical series.
smaller size. Due to smaller size, hold of nucleus on
outermost electron is greater in case of hydrogen. 21. (d) Heavy water is stable.
22. (a) Polarity of bond depends on difference in
3. (b) 22.4 L of H2 at STP = 1 mole of H2 electronegativity of the two concerned atoms. H2O is
1 more polar than H2S because oxygen (in O–H) is more
\ 0.224 L of H2 at STP = ´ 0.224 = 0.01 moles.
electronegative than sulphur (in S–H).
22.4
23. (d) It forms calcium and magnesium complex with Ca2+ and
4. (c) H( g ) ¾¾ ® H + ( g ) + e- . Mg2+ ions present in hard water.
5. (c) Actually hydrogen is in the first group of periodic table
24. (a) The complex salt of metaphosphoric acid sodium
due to its much resemblance with alkali metals
hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6, is known as calgon. It
6. (c) Fe + dil. H 2SO 4 ® FeSO 4 + H 2 ­ is represented as Na2[Na4(PO3)6]
3Fe + 4H 2O ® Fe 3O 4 + 4H 2 ­ 25. (b) Temporary hardness is due to presence of bicarbonates
Steam of calcium and magnesium and permanent hardness is
Cu + dil. HCl ® No reaction due to the sulphates and chlorides of both of calcium
Copper does not evolve H2 from acid as it is below and magnesium.
hydrogen in electrochemical series. 26. (c) Pure hydrogen is evolved by reacting absolute alcohol
2Na 2C 2 H 5OH 2C 2H 5ONa H 2 and Na
7. (a) Two ice cubes stick to each other due to H-bonding C 2 H 5 OH + Na ® C 2 H 5 ONa + ½ H 2
8. (c) The correct option is (c). In H2O, hydrogen has + 1 other statements are correct. See text.
oxidation no. In CaH2, hydrogen has – 1 oxidation no. 27. (c) Sea water is purified by reverse osmosis.
9. (a) Hydrogen can be differentiated from after group I 28. (d) The hybridisation in water is sp3 and bond angle 104.5º
elements due to its non-metallic character. 29. (b) D2O is used in nuclear reactors as moderator.
10. (d) Chlorine has lone pair which it can donate to form 30. (a) Calgon process is used to remove permanent hardness
coordinate bond while hydrogen cannot. of water
11. (d) H2 will not reduce heated Al2O3. As Al is more electro-
31. (b) Na zeolite + CaCl 2 ® Ca zeolite + 2NaCl
positive than hydrogen. therefore, its oxide will not be
reduced by hydrogen. 2
32. (a) % hydrogen in H2O2 = ´ 100 = 5.88%
12. (b) Mn + 2HNO3 (dil.) ® Mn(NO3)2 + H2 34
13. (c) By electrolysis of 50% ice cold H2SO4. 33. (c) Potash alum is used for purifying water.
+ 34. (c) The high boiling point of water is due to H-bonding.
2H 2SO 4 ¾
¾® 2H + 2HSO -4
35. (a) CaC 2 + 2D 2 O ® C 2 D 2 + Ca (OD) 2
At anode: 2HSO -4 ¾
¾® H 2S 2 O 8 + 2e - 36. (b) Due to high dielectric constant, water acts as a good
solvent therefore it is also called a universal solvent.
H 2S 2 O 8 + H 2 O ¾
¾® H 2SO 5 + H 2SO 4 37. (c) Ca(OH)2 is used for the softening of temporary hard
water.
H 2SO 5 + H 2 O ¾
¾® H 2SO 4 + H 2 O 2 Ca(OH) 2 (aq) ¾¾ ® CaCO3 (s)+ H 2O(l )
14. (c) Hydrogen behaves as a metal at very high pressure. cloudiness
15. (d) H2O2 can not oxidise O3. 38. (a) D2O actually has higher freezing point (3.8°C) than water
O3 oxidises H2O2 H2O (0°C)
H2O2 + O3 ® H2O + 2O2 39. (b) Water has high dielectric constant i.e., 78.39 C2/Nm2,
Option (d) is correct. high liquid range and can dissolve maximum number of
16. (d) Hydrogen is a non-metal while all other members of compounds. That is why it is used as universal solvent.
group 1 (alkali metals) are metals. 40. (c) H2S is oxidised to S by H2O2
 216 CHEMISTRY

41. (a) The triple point of any substance is that temperature 54. (a) Glycerol, phosphoric acid or acetanilide is added to
and pressure at which the material can exist in all three H2O2 to check its decomposition.
phases (Solid, liquid and gas) in equilibrium specifically 55. (a) H 2O 2 ® H 2O + [O]
the triple point of water is 273. 16K at 611.2 Pa. weak acid
42. (c) Heavy water is formed by the combination of heavier 56. (a) Zinc has no action on cold water.
isotope (1H2 or D) with oxygen. 57. (c) H2O2 is unstable liquid and decomposes into water
2D 2 + O 2 ® 2D 2 O and oxygen either on standing or on heating.
Heavy water 58. (d) H2O2 show all these properties.
43. (a) 59. (a) As H2O2 is loosing electrons so it is acting as reducing
SO 3 + D 2 O ¾
¾® D 2SO 4
agent.
(Deutero sulphuric acid) 60. (d) An ion exchange resin containing
vol. strength R–COOH group exchange cations like Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+,
44. (a) Normality of H2O2 =
5.6 Fe2+ with H+ when hard water is passed through it.
Volume of normal (1N) H2O2 solution = 5.6 volumes. This resin is called cation exchange resin.
\ Volume of strength of 1.5 N H2O2 61. (b) Acidified KMnO4 (pink or purple) is reduced to
= 1.5 × 5.6 = 8.4 volumes. colourless Mn++ ion :
45. (d) Decomposition of H2O2 can be accelerated by finely 2KMnO4 + 3H 2SO 4 ¾¾ ® K 2SO4
divided metals such as Ag, Au, Pt, Co, Fe etc. + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5[O]
68 ´ 10 H2O2 + [O] H2O + O2] × 5
46. (b) Strength of 10V H2O2 = ´ 100 = 3.035%
22400 +7 –1
47. (d) It is weakly acidic in nature and pure hydrogen peroxide 2KMnO 4 + 3H 2SO 4 + 5H 2 O 2 ¾¾
®
turns blue litmus red. (Ka = 1.57 × 10–12 at 293 K). It Pink or purple

ionises in two steps. 0

H2O2 H+ + O2 K 2SO 4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H 2 O + 5O2
Colourless
HO -2 H + + O 22 - 62. (d) O – O – H bond angle in H2O2 is 94.8°.
So, option (d) is not true. 63. (b) Oxidation
H 2 O 2 + [O ] ¾¾ ¾ ¾ ¾® H 2 O + O 2 ­
48. (b) Structure of H2O2 is nonplanar
49. (a) H2SO4 + BaO2 ® BaSO4 + H2O2 64. (b) \ Correct choice : (b)
65. (a) Mg + 2H2O ® Mg(OH)2 + H2 ­
-2 0
50. (c) H 2 S + H 2O2 ® S+ 2H 2O 66. (a) A fusion reaction is difficult to occur because positively
charged nuclei repel each other. At very high
In this reaction H2O2 shows oxidising nature.
temperature of the order of 106 to 107 K, the nuclei may
51. (a) Eq. wt. of H2O2 = 17
have sufficient energy to overcome the repulsive forces
30.36 and fuse. It is for this reason, fusion reactions are also
N= = 1.78 N
17 called thermonuclear reactions. Hence, hydrogen can
Volume strength = 5.6 × normality be fused to form helium at high temperature and high
= 5.6 × 1.78 = 10 V pressure.
52. (a) This method is known as Clark's process. In this method 67. (c) Hydrogen is the lightest gas. It is insoluble in water.
temporary hardness is removed by adding lime water 68. (a) In the following reaction H2O2 acts as a reducing agent.
or milk of lime. PbO2(s) + H2O2 (aq) ® PbO(s) + H2O( ) + O2 (g)
Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3 )2 ¾¾
® 2CaCO3 ¯ +2H 2O 69. (b) Ortho isomer has one nuclear spin whereas that para
ppt. isomer has zero nuclear spin.
53. (b) 22.4 litre O2 at N.T.P. obtained by 68 gm of H2O2 70. (c) Permanent hardness of water is due to chlorides and
sulphates of calcium and magnesium.
68
\ 1 litre O2 at N.T.P. obtained by gm of H2O2 71. (c) 1 mL of solution contains 0.03035 g H2O2
22.4 Strength of 11.2 volume of solutions.
\ 20 litre O2 at N.T.P. obtained by = 3.035 × 11.2 g/L = 34 g/L
68 72. (d) Due to its covalent nature MgH2 is Polymeric in nature.
´ 20 gm of H2O2 = 60.71 gm of H2O2
22.4 73. (d) The volume strength of 1% H2O2 = 3.3V
\ 1000 ml O2 at N.T.P. obtained by = 60.71 gm of H2O2 Then the volume strength of 3% H2O2 = 10V
\ 100 ml O2 at N.T.P. obtained by 74. (a) 1H1 1D2 1T3
60.71 no. of neutrons respectively are 0 , 1 , 2
= ´ 100 = 6.071% no. of protons respectively are 1 , 1 , 1
1000
Hence the sum of protons + neutrons = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6
 Hydrogen 217

75. (b) It reduces iodine to iodine ion in alkaline medium. 14. (a) In one electron species, such as H-atom, the energy
I2 (s) + H2O2(aq) + 2OH– ¾® 2I– (aq) + 2H2O( ) + O2 (g) of orbital depends only on the principal quantum
number, n.
EXERCISE - 2 Hence answer (d)
i.e., 1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d <
1. (b) In the structure of ice each molecule of H2 O is 4s = 4p Þ 4d = 4g
surrounded by three H2O molecules in hexagonal honey 15. (d) On the industrial scale hydrogen is prepared from water
comb manner which results an open cage like structure. gas according to following reaction sequence
As a result there are a number of 'hole' or open spaces. catalyst
In such a structure lesser number of molecules are CO + H 2 + H 2 O ¾¾¾¾
® CO2 + 2H 2
1424 3 {
packed per ml. When ice melts a large no. of hydrogen water gas (steam)
bonds are broken. The molecules therefore move into 2NaOH
¾¾¾¾
® Na 2 CO3 + H2O
(alkali)
the holes or open spaces and come closer to each other
than they were in solid state. This result sharp increase From the above it is clear that CO is first oxidised to
in the density. Therefore ice has lower density than CO2 which is then absorbed in NaOH.
water. 16. (d) Critical temperature of water is more than O2 due to its
2. (a) Ortho and para hydrogens are two forms of hydrogen dipole moment (Dipole moment of water = 1.84 D; Dipole
(1H1 ) which differ only in the direction of spin of moment of O2 = zero).
proton. 17. (c) H2O2. The key reactions are
3. (b) H - (aq)+ H 2O( ) ¾¾ ® OH - (aq)+ H 2 ( g ) PbO + H 2S ® PbS + H 2O
base 1 acid 1 base 2 acid2 (black)
In this reaction H– acts as bronsted base as it accepts PbS + 4H 2 O 2 ® PbSO 4 + 4H 2O
one proton (H+) from H2O and form H2. (white)
4. (d) MnO2 , PbO2 and BaO will not give H2O2 with HCl. When blackened statues are treated with H2O2, the
MnO2 and PbO2 will give Cl2 and BaO will react with PbS is oxidised to PbSO4, which is colourless (White).
HCl to give BaCl2 and water. 18. (b) The value of dipole moment of H2O2 is 2.1 D, which
5. (d) suggest the structure of H2O2 cannot be planar.
6. (c) Single e– of the H atom cannot be readily removed to An open-book structure is suggested for H2 O2 in
form H–
which O – H bonds lie in different plane.
7. (d) H2 O absorbs neutrons more than D2 O and this
decreases the number of neutrons for the fission 19. (a) Both statement-1 and statement-2 are true and statement-2
process. is the correct explanation of statement-1.
8. (c) Fire due to action of water on saline hydrides cannot 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (a)
be extinguished with water or CO2. These hydrides can 23. (c) Both assertion (A) is correct reason (R) is not true.
reduce CO2 at high temperature to produce O2. Correct Reason : Calgon forms soluble complexes with
9. (a) MgCO3 is insoluble in water. Ca2+ and Mg2+ in which properties of these ions are
10. (a) Zn + H2SO4 ® ZnSO4 + H2
masked.
Zn + 2NaOH ® Na2ZnO2 + H2
24. (a)
\ Ratio of volumes of H2 evolved is 1 : 1
11. (d) Polyphosphates (e.g., sodium hexa metaphosphate) 25. (a) Both Assertion (A) and reason (R) are true. Hydrogen
form soluble complexes with cations such as Ca2+, peroxide forms two series of salts called hydroperoxides
Mg2+ and so they are used as water softening agents. and peroxides.

Na 2 [Na 4 (PO3 )6 ] + 2Ca 2+ ¾¾

® Na 2 [Ca 2 (PO3 ) 6 ]+ 4Na + EXERCISE - 3
"Calgon " Hardness "Soluble"
Sod. hexa metaphosphate Exemplar Questions
12. (b) Permanent hardness of water is due to chlorides and 1. (b) Hydrogen like halogens accept an electron readily to
sulphates of calcium and magnesium i.e CaCl2, CaSO4,
achieve nearest inert gas configuration.
MgCl2 and MgSO4.
2. (d) H+ ion always get associated with other atoms or
13. (c) A diamagnetic substance contains no unpaired
molecules because loss of an electron from hydrogen
electron.
atom results in a nucleus of very small size as compared
H2 is diamagnetic as it contains all paired electrons
to other atoms or ion. Due to small size it cannot exist
H 2 = s b2 , H 2+ = s1b , H 2- = s b2 , s *1
a ; free.
(diamagnetic) (paramagnetic) (paramagnetic) 3. (b) The stability of hydrides decreases from Li to Cs. It is
because of the fact that M-H bond becomes weaker
H +2 = s1b , H 2- = s b2 , He2+ = s b2 , s*1
a due to increase in size of alkali metals down the group.
aramagnetic) (paramagnetic) (paramagnetic) (paramagnetic)
Hence, ionic character increases as the size of the atom
 218 CHEMISTRY

increases i.e., the correct order of increasing ionic

CO ( g ) + H 2 O ( g ) ¾¾¾¾¾¾® CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g )
4 FaCrO . 673 K
character is
LiH < NaH < KH < RbH < CsH CO2 is removed by scrubbing with a solution of sodium
4. (d) Electron-precise hydrides are the type of hydrides in arsenite.
which the number of electrons present is equal to the
12. (d) Na 2 O 2 + dil. H 2SO 4 ¾¾
® Na 2SO 4 + H 2 O 2
number of electrons required.
5. (c) The radioactive isotope of hydrogen is tritium. Its half 13. (b) Hydrogen peroxide is manufactured by electrolysis of
life is about 12.32 years. 50% sulphuric acid followed by distillation. The
6. (b) (i) distillate is 30% hydrogen peroxide. The first product
of electrolysis is peroxy disulphuric acid.
Reduction 2H2SO4 ----® 2H+ + HSO4–
-1 -1 0 -2
+ 2HI ¾ ¾ ® I2 + 2H 2 O 2HSO 4- ( aq ) ¾¾¾¾¾® H 2 S2 O8 + 2e -
H 2 O2 Electrolysis
Oxidation
® 2H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O 2 ( aq )
H2S2O8 + 2H2O ¾¾
Here H2O2 oxidises HI into I2 hence, behaves as an
oxidising agent. 14. (d) The water gas is a combination of carbon and hydrogen.
It is used in manufacturing of methanol.
Reduction CO ( g ) + 2H 2 ( g ) ¾¾¾¾
Cobalt
® CH3OH ( l)
+1 -1 0 Catalyst
+ -
(ii) HOCl + H 2O 2 ¾¾
® H 3O + Cl + O 2 15. (a) Bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of Ca and Mg
Oxidation are responsible for the hardness of water.
Here, H2O2 reduces HOCl to Cl, thus, behaves as 16. (c) Sodium hexametaphosphate also known as Calgon is
reducing agent. used.
7. (b) Oxides such as BaO2 , Na2O2 etc; which contain 2CaCl 2 + Na 6 P6O18 or Na 2 éë Na 4 ( PO3 ) 6 ùû ®
peroxide linkage on treatment with dilute H2SO4 give
H2O2 but dioxides such as PbO2, MnO2, TiO2 do not ( From hard
water ) Sodium
hexametaphosphate
give H2O2 on treatment with dilute H2SO4.
Na 2 éë Ca 2 ( PO3 )6 ùû + 4NaCl
BaO2 .8H 2 O ( s ) + H 2SO 4 ( aq ) ¾¾
® Complex Salt
Hydrated barium
peroxide 17. (a) Elements of group 7, 8 and 9 of d-block do not form
hydrides at all. The inability of metals of group 7, 8 and
BaSO 4 (s) + H 2 O 2 ( aq ) + 8H 2O ( l )
Hydrogen
9 of periodic table to form hydrides is referred to as
peroxide hydrides gap of d-block. In these compounds H atoms
are supposed to occupy interstitial position in the metal
Reduction
lattices. They are also called non-stoichiometric
- + -1 0 -2
8. (c) 2I + 2H + ¾¾® I2 + 2H 2 O
H2 O2 hydrides.
Oxidation 18. (a) Only one element of group 6, i.e., Cr forms hydride.
Here H2O2 oxidises I– to I2, hence behaves as oxidising NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
agent.
9. (b) The given below reaction show the reducing action in Reduction
basic medium. –1 –2
Reduction 19. (c) (i) H2O2 + O3 H2O2 + 2O2

–1
I02 + H 2 O2 + 2OH - ¾ ¾
® 2I- + 2H 2 O + O02 Oxidation
Oxidation
Oxidation –1
10. (c) Hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidising as well as (ii) H2O2 + Ag2O –2
2Ag + H2O +2O2
reducing agent in both acidic and alkaline media.
11. (c) The production of syn gas or synthesis gas from coal Reduction
is called coal gasification. Hence in both the reactions H2 O2 is acting as an
oxidising agent.
C ( s ) + H 2 O ( g ) ¾¾¾¾ ® CO ( g ) + H 2 ( g )
1270 K
Coal Steam Ni 1442443 20. (a & d) Among the three isotopes of hydrogen, Protium (1H1)
Syn gas is most common. It is an energetic reducing agent. It
In order to increase the production of hydrogen steam reduces oxides, chlorides and sulphides of certain metals
is added to carbon monoxide of the syn gas in the and produce free metals at ordinary temperature.
presence of iron chromate as a catalyst at 673 K. CuO + 2H ® Cu + H2O