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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF TABLES XII

LIST OF FIGURES XVII

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS XXIII

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 1
1.2.1 Properties of SCC 2
1.2.2 Types of SCC 2
1.2.3 Advantages of SCC 3
1.3 SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
(SCMS) 3
1.3.1 Fly Ash (F) 4
1.3.2 Silica Fume (SF) 5
1.4 TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE 5
1.5 FIBER REINFORCED SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
6
1.6 NEED FOR THE PRESENT STUDY 7
1.7 OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK 7
1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 8
1.9 ORGANISATION OF THESIS 9

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURES 12
2.1 RESEARCH WORKS ON SELF-COMPACTING
CONCRETE 12
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2.2 RESEARCH WORKS ON TERNARY BLENDED

CONCRETE 21
2.3 RESEARCH WORKS ON FIBER REINFORCED SCC 28
2.4 RESEARCH WORKS ON FLY ASH BLENDED
CONCRETE 38
2.5 RESEARCH WORKS ON SILICA FUME BLENDED
CONCRETE 45
2.6 SUMMARY OF LITERATURES 49

3 PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL AND MIX

PROPORTIONS 50
3.1 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 50
3.1.1 Cement 50
3.1.2 Fine Aggregate 52
3.1.3 Coarse Aggregate 52
3.1.4 Water 53
3.1.5 Fly Ash 54
3.1.6 Silica Fume 56
3.1.7 Chemical Admixture 57
3.1.8 Glass Fiber 58
3.2 MIX PROPORTIONS OF SCC 59
3.3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON TERNARY
BLENDED CEMENTITIOUS MIXES 62
3.3.1 pH Measurement 62
3.3.2 Consistency Test 64
3.3.3 Initial and Final Setting Time Test 66
3.3.4 Soundness Test 68

4 FRESH PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED SELF-

COMPACTING CONCRETE 71
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4.1 TEST ON FRESH PROPERTIES OF TERNARY

BLENDED SCC 71
4.1.1 Slump Flow Test and T500 mm Slump Flow Time
Test 72
4.1.2 L-Box Test 73
4.1.3 V-Funnel Test and V-Funnel T5minutesTest 74
4.2 FRESH PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS 75
4.2.1 Slump Flow Test and T500 mmSlump Flow Time
Test Results 75
4.2.2 L-Box Test Results 79
4.2.3 V-Funnel Test and V-Funnel T5 minutes Test
Results 81

5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TERNARY

BLENDED SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 86
5.1 TEST ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TERNARY
BLENDED SCC 86
5.1.1 Compressive Strength Test 86
5.1.2 Splitting Tensile Strength Test 87
5.1.3 Flexural Strength Test 88
5.1.4 Modulus of Elasticity Test 89
5.1.5 Impact Strength Test 90
5.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS 91
5.2.1 Compressive Strength Test Results 91
5.2.2 Splitting Tensile Strength Test Results 97
5.2.3 Flexural Strength Test Results 101
5.2.4 Modulus of Elasticity Test Results 104
5.2.5 Impact Strength Test Results 106
5.3 CORRELATION BETWEEN MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED SCC MIXES109
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6 DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED

SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 112
6.1 TEST ON DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF TERNARY
BLENDED SCC 112
6.1.1 Water Absorption Test 112
6.1.2 Porosity 114
6.1.3 Alkalinity Test 114
6.1.4 Acid Resistance Test 115
6.1.5 Sulphate Resistance Test 116
6.1.6 Salt-Water Resistance Test 117
6.1.7 Rapid Chloride Penetration Test 117
6.2 DURABILITY PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS 118
6.2.1 Water Absorption Test Results 118
6.2.2 Porosity Results 123
6.2.3 Alkalinity Test Results 125
6.2.4 Acid Resistance Test Results 128
6.2.5 Sulphate Resistance Test Results 132
6.2.6 Salt-Water Resistance Test Results 135
6.2.7 Rapid Chloride Penetration Test Results 138

7 MICRO LEVEL ANALYSIS OF TERNARY BLENDED

SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 143
7.1 MICRO LEVEL ANALYSIS 143
7.1.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis 143
7.1.2 Energy Dispersive and X-Ray (EDAX) Analysis 143
7.2 MICRO LEVEL ANALYSIS RESULTS 144
7.2.1 SEM Analysis Results 144
7.2.2 EDAX Analysis Results 148
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7.2.2.1 Relationship between compressive strength

at 28 days and Ca/Si ratio of glass fiber
reinforced ternary blended SCC mixes 153
7.2.2.2 Relationship between flexural strength at 28
days and Ca/Si ratio of glass fiber reinforced
ternary blended SCC mixes 154
7.2.2.3 Relationship between splitting tensile
strength at 28 days and Ca/Si ratio of glass
fiber reinforced ternary blended SCC mixes155

8 FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF TERNARY BLENDED

SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 157
8.1 PREPARATION OF BEAM SPECIMEN 157
8.2 FLEXURAL BEAM TEST EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURE 159
8.3 LOAD-DEFLECTION BEHAVIOUR OF THE
SPECIMENS 160

9 CONCLUSION 166
9.1 EFFECTS OF FLY ASH, SILICA FUME AND GLASS
FIBERS ON THE FRESH PROPERTIES OF SCC 166
9.2 EFFECTS OF FLY ASH, SILICA FUME AND GLASS
FIBERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SCC
168
9.3 EFFECTS OF FLY ASH, SILICA FUME AND GLASS
FIBERS ON THE DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF SCC
170
9.4 EFFECTS OF FLY ASH, SILICA FUME AND GLASS
FIBERS ON THE MICRO LEVEL ANALYSIS OF SCC
174
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9.5 EFFECTS OF FLY ASH, SILICA FUME AND GLASS

FIBERS ON THE FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF SCC 175

APPENDIX 1 176

REFERENCES 179

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 196