Assignment 1 Ps

COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ASSIGNMENT 1
(…..PAKISTAN STUDIES…..)
HUM111____3(3,0)
NAME:
Muhammad Safwan Khan
REG No :
FA20-EPE-093
SECTION :
EPE-6B
COURSE INSTRUCTOR :
Abida Jadoon
DATE TO SUBMIT :
4-April-2023
Assignment Task :
The Khilafat movement created political consciousness among the
Indian Muslims, which inspired them not only to unite together on a
single platform but also left a major impact on Muslims. Discuss the
core events of the movement keeping in view its objectives and highlight
the reasons that led to its failure.
Answer ::
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
Background:
During World War-I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the war in favor of
Germany. After the war, the territories of Turkey were to be divided among
France, Greece, and Britain according to the Istanbul Accord, which left the Indian
Muslims in an awkward position. They had a deep-rooted devotion to the
caliphate and a profound respect for the holy institution. Therefore, their support
to the British Government was subject to the safeguard and protection of the holy
places of Turkey and on the condition that Turkey would not be deprived of its
territories. However, the British Government could not fulfill both of these
promises, which led to a wave of anger sweeping across the Muslim world and
the rise of the Khilafat Movement in India.
Introduction:
The Khilafat movement was an effort by Indian Muslims working with Indian
nationalists to put pressure on the British government to continue to recognize
the Ottoman Sultan as the Caliph of Islam after World War I. The institution of the
Caliphate was central authority and power for the Muslims all over the world and
they don’t tolerate any bad action against the Caliph. This movement started in
1919 and ended in 1924. The Muslims of the sub-continent have a spiritual
relation with the Ottoman Sultan and can give life for the protection of the Caliph.
This is the reason that Muslims became united to protect the authority of the
Ottoman Sultan as Caliph and started the Movement known as the Khilafat
movement. It was led by prominent Muslim leaders like Maulana Muhammad Ali
Jauhar and his brother Shaukat Ali, who were associated with the Indian National
Congress.
Objectives of the Khilafat Movement:

The main aims or objectives of this movement were
(a) To protect the Holy place of Turkey
(b) To restore the Territories of Turkey
(c) To restore the Ottoman Empire
The Khalifates believed that the Ottoman Sultan was the rightful Caliph of Islam
and that his authority and sovereignty should be respected by the British and
other powers.
Reasons That Led To Failures:
 The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate:
The Khilafat movement was a political campaign to defend the Ottoman

Sultan as the Caliph of Islam. It was dealt a fatal blow when Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk abolished the Caliphate in 1924 and exiled the Sultan. As he abolish
the institution himself so there is no solid reason left behind to continue
the movement. This ended the main cause and goal of the movement.
 The Hijrat movement:
The Khilafat movement also involved a mass migration of Indian Muslims to

Afghanistan, as a protest against British rule and a sign of loyalty to the
Caliphate. In this situation, Muslim leaders like Maulana Abu-al-Kalam Azad
and Maulana Abdul Bari issued a Fatwa that India was a Dar-ul-Harb (Home
of war). They convinced the Muslim community that they are not safe and
there religion was in danger. To protect their identity they must have to
migrate to a place where they feel secure. So, they started migration to
Afghanistan. Later, this movement became a disaster, when the Afghan
authorities refused to accept the migrants and many of them died or
returned. This disillusioned many Khilafatists and weakened their morale.
 The Chora Chori incident:
The Khilafat movement was allied with Gandhi’s non-cooperation

movement, which aimed to boycott British goods, institutions and laws.
Unfortunately, this alliance was broken when a violent event took place in
Chora Chori and the police opened fire on a crowd of locals. In response to
an attack, the angered mob set fire to the police station, killing 21 police
constables. Gandhi suspended his movement and many Khilafat leaders
were arrested. This reduced the momentum and support of the movement.
The impact of the Khilafat movement:

Despite its failure, the Khilafat movement had a lasting impact on Indian
politics and society. It highlighted the differences and conflicts between
Hindus and Muslims, and increased the awareness of Indian Muslims about
their separate identity and interests. It also paved the way for the Pakistan
movement, which sought a separate homeland for Indian Muslims.

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COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Objectives of the Khilafat Movement:

Reasons That Led To Failures:

 The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate:

The Khilafat movement was a political campaign to defend the Ottoman

 The Hijrat movement:

The Khilafat movement also involved a mass migration of Indian Muslims to

 The Chora Chori incident:

The Khilafat movement was allied with Gandhi’s non-cooperation

The impact of the Khilafat movement:

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