22 MARCH, 2023

AUTHOR
CITATION OF PAGES
RELATED
DATE Literature EDITION
LESSON 6 -
FINALS
 RESEARCH CITATION

• Citation, in research, is defined as a means of informing

your readers that certain information came from a
specific source, and you just borrowed it to widen the
explanation of a certain situation or data of your
research.
• When citing sources, you must see to it that the
information borrowed from other authors are properly
cited.
 Elements of Citation

• Author’s name
• Title of work (book, article, etc.)
• Year of publication
• Page number(s)
• Volume or issue number(s) or edition(s)
 2 MANNERS OF
CITATION

REFERS TO ALL • According to • AUTHOR’S NAME REFERS TO THE

Sanchez (2017), • Date of the BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF THE publication of the
CITATIONS “Sustainability source AND/OR
THAT CAN BE needs to be a • The page number REFERENCES
FOUND IN ALL concern not just where you found HOLDS THE
the information SUMMARY OF THE
OF THE of • Publisher INFORMATION OF
chapters in your environmentalis • Place of ALL OF YOUR
research paper. ts but of Publishing sources.
everyone, • Volume
• Edition
IN-TEXT particularly • Other relevant REFERENCING
CITATION companies” (p. information LIST
3).
 IN-TEXT CITATION

BY AUTHOR OR
WRITER BY TOPIC CHRONOLOGICAL
In this method of citation, all This method of citation is used Citing sources using the
your data and information, facts, when several authors or sources chronological method involves
ideas or principles from your give the same information sequencing the information
sources are discussed or about a certain topic. The based on the year it was
explained separately. citation of the information will published.
Example: be granted to all of the authors. Example:
Cruz (2002) states that research Example: Yu (2005) states that ...
is ... Accordingly, research is ... (Rio, And (2007) discussed about...
Dela Torre (2005) described the 2000; Luna & Magsaysay, 2005) Chu (2010) deliberated
research as ... regarding ...
 THERE ARE TWO (2) MOST COMMON CITATION STYLES THAT
ARE USED TO CITE sources, namely:
, AND Modern Language Association (MLA)

American Psychological Association (APA)

This citation is commonly used when a researcher works in social science-
related research. APA follows an author-date format, wherein, the needed
information for its in-text citation is the author’s surname and the year of
publishing. APA follows different formats for varying authors and their number.
Modern Language Association (MLA)
MLA is one commonly used citation style in research papers usually used in
liberal arts and humanities. Unlike APA, MLA follows an author- page format,
wherein authors’ surname and the page number where it could be found is needed.
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WORKS WITH ONE (1) In working with APA citation style for on
AUTHOR author source, you will need the author
surname and the year of its publication.
Example:
By author: Lee (2005) states that the earth is .
By topic: The composition of Earth is ... (Le
2005)
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WORKS WITH TWO Citing sources with two authors using APA sty
(2) AUTHORS
still needs the authors’ surnames and the ye
of publication. The format varies whether yo
want to use a by author or by the topic mann
of citation.
Examples:
By author: Kim and Lee (2009) state that ...
By topic: Accordingly, (Kim & Lee, 2009)
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WORKS WITH THREE (3) The information needed in this number of
TO FIVE (5) AUTHORS authors is still the authors’ surname and the
year of publication. The format varies on the
manner of citation used and the frequency of i
usage.
Examples:
By author: Kim, Lee, Young, and Yu (2015)
discussed ...
By topic: Today’s generation ... (Kim, Lee, Young
Yu, 2015).
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR NOTE:
WORKS WITH THREE (3) In the by topic manner, the replacement of the word “and”
TO FIVE (5) AUTHORS “&” is still applicable. Still, the author’s surname and the ye
of publication will be separated using a comma. If you wis
to use the same source for many times, another the format
will be followed.
Examples:
By author: Kim et al. (2015) discussed that ...
By topic: Today’s generation ... (Kim et al., 2015).
In this format, the citation will be shortened by sustaining
the first author and replacing the others with the word “et
which means “and others”.
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR WORKS
WITH ASSOCIATIONS, In this case, the associations, corporations,
CORPORATIONS, government
government agencies will serve as the
agencies, etc., as the author
author. The year of ublication is still
needed.
Examples:
By author: According to the Department of
Education (2012) ...
By topic: The education is ... (Department
of Education, 2012)
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR WORKS
WITH ASSOCIATIONS, However, if the associations, corporations, governme
CORPORATIONS, government agencies have a well- known abbreviation, the
agencies, etc., as the author abbreviations can be added in the first citation an
will be used in proceeding citations to follow.
Abbreviations shall be enclosed
in a bracket [ ].
Examples:
First Citation: Department of Education [DepEd]
(2012)...
Second Citation: DepEd (2012) discussed ...
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WORKS WITH Indirect sources refer to sources that were
INDIRECT SOURCES mentioned in another source. In this case, the
primary author is needed, the year it was
published, and its page number.
Example:
Brown discussed that ... (as cited by Smith, 20
p. 92).
The primary authors’ last name, year of
publication, and page are separated
by commas.
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION
FOR ELECTRONIC Electronic sources refer to materials that a
SOURCES in an electronic form, i.e. pdf files. For this
type of source, the citation follows the
author-date format, varying from its numb
of authors.
Examples:
By author: Perry (2006) states that the ...
By topic: The ... (Perry, 2006).
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WEBSITES WITH AUTHOR
AND YEAR PUBLISHED
In the review of related literature from
this source, the author-date format is
still used.
Examples:
By author: John (2010) states that the
By topic: The ... (John, 2010).
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WEBSITES WITH AUTHOR In this style of citation, the title will
AND YEAR PUBLISHED replace the author and will follow the
author-date format. The title will be
enclosed in quotation marks (“).
Examples:
By author: “The Solar System” (2012) ....
By topic: It is said that ... (“The Solar
System”, 2012)
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WEBSITES WITH AN
AUTHOR BUT WITHOUT
To cite these sources, dates will be
YEAR published abbreviated by “n.d.”, which means
“no date”.
Examples:
By author: Green (n.d.) stated that ...
By topic: Accordingly, ... (Green, n.d.)
 APA FORMAT
APA CITATION FOR
WEBSITES WITHOUT To cite these sources, use the title of the
AUTHOR AND YEAR
PUBLISHED
enclosed with quotation marks (“) in lieu
of the author, and write “n.d.” to specify
no date.
Examples:
By author: “The Hydrosphere” (n.d.) ...
By topic: Accordingly ... (“The
Hydrosphere, n.d.)
 MLA FORMAT

In the MLA format, the page number is always

enclosed in parenthesis and can be found at the
ending of each statement. The authors’ surname and
the page number are NOT separated by a comma.
Examples:
Grey stated that .... (50).
Accordingly, (Grey 50).
 MLA FORMAT

A book with one author

Introduce the author’s last name and first name. Set the title of the
work in italics. Indicate the publisher and the year the work was
published.
Example:
Uy, Katrina. The Otherworldly. Kalayaan Books, 2012.
 MLA FORMAT
A book with two authors
Introduce the first author’s last name and first name and then the second author’s
first and last names. List them in the same order that their names appeared o
the book’s title page. Set the title of the work in italics. Indicate the publisher and
the year the work was published. Like the APA, MLA uses the hanging indent a
well.
Example:
Uy, Katrina, and Madeleine Zafra. The Sad Ones. Kalayaan Books, 2010.
 MLA FORMAT
Journals
State the name of the author and the article’s title as you normally would. Then
italicize the title of the journal. Cite the volume number (“vol.”) and issue numbe
(“no.”) when possible, separated by commas. Finally, add the year and pag
numbers.
Example:
Villanueva, Rochelle. “Sense and sustainability.” The Earth Chronicles, vol. 10, no. 3
2000, pp. 10–11.
 MLA FORMAT
Magazines
Cite the article’s author. Enclose the title of the article in quotation marks, the
italicize the title of the magazine. Then, state the date of publication. Remember to
abbreviate the month.
Example:
Lopez, Blaire. “Fashion in the 2000s.” The Stylish Woman, Nov. 2003, pp. 6–7.
 MLA FORMAT
Electronic Sources
Periodicals
Provide the author’s last and first names. Enclose the title of the article in quotation marks. Set the title of the
periodical in italics and then indicate the issue date by following this format: day, abbreviated name of th
month, year. Then indicate the URL address. In providing the date of access, include the term “Accessed” an
hen the date: day, abbreviated month, year.
Example:
Cabalza, Dexter. “24-km crawl on SLEx adds to agony of Metro commute.” Inquirer.net, 27 Sept. 2019
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1170156/24-km-crawl-on-slex-adds-to-agony-of-metro-commute. Accessed 27 Sep
2019.
THANK
YOU