محمد السيد عبد العزيز حسن سكشن 7 PDF
محمد السيد عبد العزيز حسن سكشن 7 PDF
محمد السيد عبد العزيز حسن سكشن 7 PDF
➢ Introduction
A turbo fan machine produces work energy to increase the total
pressure of the fluids leaving the system. This energy is generated by
driving rotors or impellers with an external source of power to move
rows of blades. In this experiment, we will be focusing on the
centrifugal fan. This fan consists of three main components, which are:
inlet duct, impeller and a volute casing.
The inlet duct allows the flow of fluid(air) to the impeller. The air then
passes through the rows of rotating blades which results in an
increase in velocity and pressure. The high exit velocity of the air is
converted into additional pressure rise. The pressurized air is then
expelled into the atmosphere or into a chamber through the outlet
duct.
Dimensional analysis is often used to characterize the fan
performance and it represents data in terms of a few numbers of non-
dimensional groups. Dimensional analysis also enables the prediction
of turbo fan performance by conducting tests on a scale model at
different operating variables such as fluid density and fan rotational
speed.
➢ Objective
The first aim of this experiment is to characterize the centrifugal fan
performance with dimensional analysis by determining the
relationship between pressure rise and the flow rate at different
rotational speeds.
➢ Theory
The parameters used to describe fan performance are pressure rise,
flow rate and input power. The fan performance is also influenced by
fluid density, rotational speed, impeller diameter and fluid viscosity.
These variables can be related by the expression below.
f (w , ∆ p , Q , ω, D , ρ , μ )=o
where,
• w´ =work input
• ∆ p=pressure rise
• Q=flow rate
• ω=rotational speed
• D=impeller diameter
• ρ=fluid density
• μ=fluid viscosity
A set of dimensionless groups can be derived by using the above
variables and applying Buckingham π -theorem. Each expression
below relates one performance variable to other variables.
where,
• Cd = Coefficient of discharge (approximately 0.99)
• At = Venturi Throat Area = 0.003848 m2
• A = Venturi Inlet Area = 0.008577 m2
• Pi = Inlet pressure in N / m2
• Pt = Throat pressure in N/m 2
• ρ = Density of air
• D = Diameter of impeller = 0.14m
The fluid for this experiment is Air. Hence ideal gas law is used to
estimate the density of air.
Patm = ρ R Tatm
Where: -
• Patm = Atmospheric pressure in N/ m 2
• R = Gas constant = 287 J/kg K
• Tatm = Absolute Temperature of atmospheric air in K
➢ Laboratory Procedure
1. Select a fan speed to the desired constant rpm using a tachometer.
2. Mount an orifice securely. Start with smaller size first.
3. Make sure the manometer is leveled and the manometer fluid level
indicates zero reading before taking the measurement.
4. Measure the air temperature. Also measure the power going to the
fan motor.
5. Repeat steps 2, 3 and 4 for each orifice diameter. Record the raw
data in Table 1.
6. Perform a sample calculation for a selected orifice case to obtain ,
Q,hsys, and . Include the results in your report. Assume C0=0.6.
7. Use the spreadsheet program and calculate the remaining cases.
8. Plot Q vs. hsys and Q vs hsys . 9. Attach the spreadsheet and the plot
to your report.
1. From the data collected thus far we can tell that the type of
impeller used in the fan is a backwards curved impeller fan. The
data corresponds to the theoretical graph as shown in figure 1
below.
where,
• ωs=specific speed
• ω=Operational speed
• Q = Flowrate
• ∆ Pf=Pressure rises
• ρ = Density of air
The specific speed of a fan can be used to determine the shape and
efficiency of the fan. With this expression, we can also determine
which type of fan (forward, backwards or radial) is the most efficient
and practical for applications.