CIVL 514 Design of Plate Girders

Dr. Ihab Ramadan

Floors of Roadway Bridges

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Loads on Main Girders
Loads on Main Girders

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 Loads on Main Girders

Dead Loads

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 Loads on Main Girders
Deck Bridge with a cantilever

Dead Loads

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 Loads on Main Girders
Deck Bridge without cantilever

Dead Loads

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 Loads on Main Girders
Pony or Semi-deck Bridge

Dead Loads

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 Straining actions due to Dead Loads

Dead Loads

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 Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders
L.L Model-1

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 Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders
L.L Model-2

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 Live Loads on Main Girders
L.L Model-3

Side Walk

Side Walk
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Notes on Live Loads

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Notes on Live Loads

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Notes on Live Loads

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Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders

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Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders

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Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders

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Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders

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 Loads on Floor Beams
Effect of Bridge Type on Live Load

Deck Bridges

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 Loads on Floor Beams
Effect of Bridge Type on Live Load

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Loads on Floor Beams
Effect of Median on Live Load

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Loads on Floor Beams
Effect of Median on Live Load

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Loads on Floor Beams
Effect of Median on Live Load

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Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders
Cantilever Width > Sidewalk

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Loads on Floor Beams
Live Loads on Main Girders
Cantilever Width < Sidewalk

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Fatigue Assessment

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Fatigue Assessments

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Fatigue Assessments

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Fatigue Assessments

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Additional Moment on Pony Bridges

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What are Plate Girders

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 Preliminary Sizing of Plate Girders
Choice of Section

Web Dimensions Size of Weld

Flange Dimensions

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Preliminary Sizing of Plate Girders

Web Dimensions

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Preliminary Sizing of Plate Girders

Flange Dimensions

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Plate Girders Cross Section Proportion Limits
Webs without Longitudinal Stiffeners

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Plate Girders Cross Section Proportion Limits
Webs with Longitudinal Stiffeners

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Preliminary Sizing of Plate Girders
Flange Dimensions

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Preliminary Sizing of Plate Girders
Flange Dimensions

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Preliminary Sizing of Plate Girders

Calculate Properties of Area

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Design of Plate Girders

Required Checks

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 Local Web Buckling
Vertical loads may cause buckling of the web in the region directly
under the load. This buckling form is known as web crippling. The
level of loading that may safely be carried before this happens will
depend upon the exact way in which the load is transmitted to the
web and the web proportions.

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Web Shedding Factor

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Web bend buckling Resistance

Web without Longitudinal stiffeners

Web bend buckling Resistance

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Web bend buckling Resistance
Web Load Shedding factor, RPG

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Web bend buckling Resistance
Web Load Shedding factor, RPG

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Web bend buckling Resistance
Web Load Shedding factor, RPG

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Continuously Braced Flanges in Compression and Tension

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Local Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Discretely Braced Flanges in Compression and Tension

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
What is Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)?
• Lateral Torsional Buckling is a global buckling
phenomena for beams loaded about their major
axis.
• LTB involves:
• Vertical deflection
• Lateral deflection
• Torsion
 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
What is Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)?

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
What is Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)?

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
What is Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)?

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
What is Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)?
Lu (act) = Lb (Unsupported length)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Flexure Strength Limit States
Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Compression Flange
Unsupported Length of the Compression Flange (Lb)

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 Design of Fillet weld between Web and Flange
Shear Effect
The effect of horizontal shear flow between the
web and the flange can be considered as follows
If the allowable shear stress in welds is qw, then the weld size s
can be calculated from the equation:
weld strength = fvw,d * (2 a) ≥ act

The maximum size of fillet weld should not exceed the thickness of
the thinner plate to be welded. 67
Design of Fillet weld between Web and Flange

Smin = 6mm

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Check Bending Stress

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Check Bending Stress

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Check Bending Stress

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Check Bending Stress

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Check Bending Stress

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 Check Bending Stress
Deck Bridge (Lower Flange)

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 Pure Shear
For plate girders with practical proportions, an economic
solution can be obtained in most cases by using a thin web
stiffened transversally by stiffeners

Post Buckling Stress in Shear

For transversely stiffened girders where the transverse stiffener
spacing lies within the range 1 < a/d < 3, full account may be
taken of the considerable reserve of post-buckling resistance.
This reserve arises from the development of "tension field action"
within the girder. 75
 Pure Shear
The development of tension field action in the individual web panels of a typical
girder is shown in the Fig. Once a web panel has buckled in shear, it loses its
resistance to carry additional compressive stresses. In this post-buckling range,
a new load-carrying mechanism is developed, whereby any additional shear
load is carried by an inclined tensile membrane stress field.

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 Pure Shear
Tension Field Action

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 Pure Shear
Tension Field Action

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Shear Strength Limit State (Tension Field Action Considered)

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Shear Strength Limit State (Tension Field Action Considered)

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Check Fatigue

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Check Deflection (due to Live Loads only)

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Flange Curtailment

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 Flange Curtailment
4- Flange Curtailment by adding a Cover Plate

Size of weld should be calculated based on the

shear flow, however this detail is not preferred in
bridges due to fatigue 84
Flange Curtailment

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 Flange Curtailment

Beam Length < 30m

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 Flange Curtailment
Beam Length > 30m

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Flange Curtailment
Case of Dead Load

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 Flange Curtailment
Case of Live Load

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 Solved Example

SOLVE ON BOARD

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