CH 01

Package Title: Test Bank
Course Title: Karp9e

Chapter Number: 1
Question Type: Multiple Choice
1) Who was the first person to name what he thought were single cells?
a) Leeuwenhoek
b) Hooke
c) Schleiden
d) Schwann
e) Virchow
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Identify the three tenets of cell theory.
Section Reference: Section 1.1 The Discovery of Cells
2) The first compound light microscopes were constructed by the end of the sixteenth century.
What characteristic defines a compound microscope?
a) It has a moveable stage.

b) It has multiple lenses.
c) Its lens is double the size of simple microscopes.
d) The lens has two different colors.
e) It has two different light sources.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
3) Who was the first scientist to examine and describe living cells?
a) Leeuwenhoek
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b) Hooke
c) Schleiden
d) Schwann
e) Virchow
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
4) Who is generally credited with the discovery of cells?
a) Leeuwenhoek
b) Hooke
c) Schleiden
d) Schwann
e) Virchow
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
5) Despite being correct about the first two tenets of the Cell Theory, Schleiden and Schwann
made an error about another central feature of cells. What was their mistaken claim?
a) They believed that all cells were smaller than 2 µ in diameter.

b) They claimed that all cells were exactly the same in every detail.
c) They described cells as immortal.
d) They agreed that cells could arise from noncellular materials.
e) They stated that all cells had nuclei through their entire existence.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
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6) Which of the following characteristics is NOT a basic property of cells?
a) Cells carry out a variety of emotional reactions.

b) Cells engage in numerous mechanical activities.
c) Cells generally respond to stimuli.
d) Cells are capable of self-regulation.
e) Cells evolve.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Explain the importance of the fundamental properties shared by all
cells.
Section Reference: Section 1.2 Basic Properties of Cells
7) Which of the following statements accurately characterize cells?
a) Cells are highly complex and organized.

b) Cells possess a genetic program and the means to use it.
c) Cells are capable of producing more of themselves.
d) Cells acquire and utilize energy.
e) All choices are correct.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
8) The first culture of human cells was begun by George and Martha Gey of Johns Hopkins
University in 1951. The cells were obtained from a malignant tumor and named ______ cells
after the donor, _________.
a) MaLe, Mary Leeds

b) HeLa, Henrietta Lacks
c) Roberts, John Roberts
d) MaLe, Martin Lewis
e) HeLa, Helen Lassiter
Answer: b
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Difficulty: Medium
cells.
9) Cells grown in culture, outside the body are described as cells grown ________.
a) in vivo
b) live
c) in vitro
d) in culturo
e) vivacious
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
10) A high powered microscope that allows cellular organelles to be examined in great detail is
called ___________.
a) a refractive microscope
b) an electron microscope
c) a fluorescence microscope
d) a scanning tunneling microscope
e) a confocal laser scanning microscope
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
11) Which list shows the correct order for cellular complexity from largest to smallest units?
a) organelles, polymers, atoms, complexes, molecules

b) organelles, complexes, polymers, molecules, atoms
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c) organelles, molecules, complexes, atoms, polymers
d) organelles, atoms, molecules, complexes, polymers
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
12) The apical ends of intestinal cells face the intestinal channel and have long processes that
facilitate the absorption of nutrients. What is the name of these processes and what cytoskeletal
element forms their internal skeleton?
a) microvilli, microtubules
b) villi, microtubules
c) microvilli, actin filaments
d) villi, actin filaments
e) microvilli, intermediate filaments
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
13) Virtually all chemical changes that take place in cells require ________, molecules that
greatly increase the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs.
a) DNAs
b) carbohydrates
c) ligands
d) enzymes
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
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14) You are conducting an experiment by trying to reproduce the work performed in 1891 by
Hans Driesch, a German embryologist. Working with a fertilized sea urchin egg, you allow it to
complete the first cell division after fertilization. You then carefully separate the two cells of the
embryo and allow their development to continue. Based on Driesch's experiment, which result
below would you expect to happen?
a) Both of the cells will die.

b) Both of the cells will develop into complete and normal embryos.
c) One cell will develop into a normal, though smaller, embryo; the other dies.
d) One cell will develop into half an embryo; the other will develop into the other half of the
embryo.
e) One cell will develop into a defective embryo and the other will die.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
cells.
15) The original cell which arose billions of years ago is referred to by some evolutionary
biologists as the __________.
a) first universal common ancestor

b) last universal common ancestor
c) evolutionary tree root
d) evolutionary shrub
e) first eukaryote
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
16) What characteristics distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a) Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not.

b) Prokaryotes have relatively little DNA; eukaryotes generally have much more.
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c) Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear; prokaryotic chromosomes are circular.
d) Eukaryotic DNA is usually heavily associated with protein to form a nucleoprotein complex
called chromatin, which is not seen in prokaryotic genetic material.
e) All of these are correct.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Compare the structures and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.
Section Reference: Section 1.3 Two Fundamentally Different Classes of Cells
17) Which of the following are NOT considered to belong to the Archaea?
a) Methanogens
b) Halophiles
c) Acidophiles
d) Thermophiles
e) Eubacteria
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
18) Which of the following are considered to be eukaryotes?
a) amoebae
b) yeast
c) holly
d) starfish
e) all choices are eukaryotic
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
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19) The genetic material of a prokaryotic cell is present in the _________, a poorly defined
region of the cell that lacks a boundary membrane to separate it from the surrounding cytoplasm.
a) nucleus
b) chromatic region
c) nucleoid
d) pharmacopeia
e) genetome
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
20) Some bacteria can pass a piece of DNA from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient bacterial
cell through a structure called a pilus. What is this process called?
a) confirmation
b) transduction
c) transformation
d) conjugation
e) fission
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
21) Cyanobacteria are capable of photosynthesis, but many of them also convert nitrogen gas
into reduced forms of nitrogen (such as ammonia) that can be used by cells in the synthesis of
nitrogen-containing organic compounds, including amino acids and nucleotides. This process is
called ______.
a) nitrogen fixation
b) denitrification
c) nitrification
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d) respiration
e) ammoniation
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
22) The process by which a relatively unspecialized cell becomes highly specialized is called
_______.
a) differentiation
b) determination
c) degeneracy
d) denaturation
e) renaturation
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
23) Bacteria often live in complex, multi-species communities, like the layer of plaque that
grows on your teeth; such a community is called _________.
a) a biotome
b) a microtome
c) a biofilm
d) an anatome
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
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24) The rapidity and cost-efficiency of DNA sequencing has made it possible to sequence
virtually all of the genes present in the microbes of a given habitat. This generates a collective
genome for that habitat, which has come to be called _________.
a) a metachron
b) a metagenome
c) a netagenome
d) a megagene
e) an exogenome
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
25) The collection of bacteria that live on and within the human body are being isolated,
identified and characterized; they are referred to as the human ______. It has been demonstrated
that these organisms differ based upon the age, diet, geography and state of health of the human
from which they were obtained.
a) macrobiome
b) metagenome
c) minibiome
d) microbiome
e) homobiome
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
26) Studies on mice suggest that bacterial species predominating in obese individuals differ from
those in the digestive tracts of lean individuals and that they play a role in weight gain in obese
individuals. What are these bacteria in obese individuals proposed to do that increases weight
gain in obese individuals?
a) They make obese mice eat more food.
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b) They release chemicals that increase the caloric intake by the mice.
c) The bacteria in obese individuals may release more calories from digested food than their
counterparts in leaner individuals.
d) The bacteria in obese individuals turn the food in the intestines to fat.
e) The bacteria in obese individuals produce gas that makes their hosts obese.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
27) Which of the following is NOT a model organism used for understanding basic processes of
life?
a) Mus musculus
b) Drosophila melanogaster
c) Homo sapiens
d) Arabidopsis thaliana
e) Caenorhabditis elegans
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
28) The field of biological research in which biologists are attempting to create a living cell in
the laboratory, essentially from scratch is known as __________. More modestly, this branch of
biology also has a goal of developing novel life forms, beginning with existing organisms, that
have a unique value in medicine, industry or in cleaning up the environment.
a) megalomaniacal biology
b) synthetic biology
c) production-grade biology
d) industrial biology
e) pharmaceutical biology
Answer: b
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Difficulty: Easy
cells.
29) What is the most appropriate unit of measurement for macromolecular complexes including
ribosomes and microfilaments?
a) picometers
b) angstroms
c) nanometers
d) micrometers
e) centimeters
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
30) What is the most appropriate unit of measurement for most types of cells?
a) picometers
b) angstroms
c) nanometers
d) micrometers
e) centimeters
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
31) Which statement is NOT correct regarding Archaea?
a) They are considered more closely related to bacteria than to eukarya.
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b) Some are able to generate methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen gases.
c) Some are halophiles capable of surviving in a 5M osmolality.
d) Some can survive temperatures above 120oC.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
32) The flagellum of E. coli is chemically most similar to the flagellum of _______________.
a) a human sperm cell

b) a protist
c) green algae like Euglena
d) the bacterium Salmonella
e) all are made of the same molecules
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
33) Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?
a) plasma membrane with similar chemical construction

b) genetic information encoded in DNA nucleotides
c) shared metabolic pathways
d) division of cells into nucleus and cytoplasm
e) similar energy storing chemicals such as ATP
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
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34) Which feature is unique to some eukaryotic cells and never seen in prokaryotic cells?
a) plasma membrane with similar chemical construction

b) phagocytic ability
c) shared metabolic pathways
d) genetic information encoded in DNA nucleotides
e) cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins such as actin and tubulin
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
cells.
35) Which feature is shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a) complex chromosomes capable of forming condensed chromatin

b) complex cilia and flagella
c) photosystems housed in chloroplast membranes
d) cell division employing a mitotic spindle
e) diploid chromosomes inherited from several parents
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
36) Which organelle is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
a) nucleus
b) mitochondria
c) endoplasmic reticulum
d) proteasome
e) Golgi apparatus
Answer: d
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Difficulty: Medium
cells.
37) Which statement is NOT correct when describing eukaryotic and bacterial flagella?
a) they generate movement by different mechanisms

b) the bacterial flagellum is more complex
c) the eukaryotic flagellum is not found on all cells
d) the bacterial flagellum can rotate at speeds greater than 1,000 rotations per second
e) all flagella allow cells possessing them to exhibit motility
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
38) The term used to describe the life forms capable of withstanding a variety of harsh
environments is:
a) methanogen
b) halophile
c) extremophile
d) thermophile
e) normophile
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
39) Which of these cell types does NOT possess membrane-bound organelles?
a) human cells
b) Volvox cells
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c) E. coli
d) yeast cells
e) plant cells
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
40) Which of the following statements about viruses is NOT true?
a) All viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites.

b) All viruses are obligatory intercellular parasites.
c) Viruses occur in a wide variety of very different shapes, sizes and constructions.
d) A viral host may be a plant, animal or bacterial cell.
e) Viral genetic material can be either RNA or DNA.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Distinguish the structures and functions of viruses and viroids.
Section Reference: Section 1.4 Viruses and Viroids
41) Outside of a living cell, the virus exists as a particle called ________, which is little more
than a macromolecular package.
a) a virulent
b) a virusette
c) a virulant
d) a virion
e) an infectoid
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
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42) Viruses like adenovirus, which causes respiratory infections in mammals, have a 20-sided
polyhedral capsid. What is this polyhedral shape called?
a) a tetrahedron
b) a dodechedron
c) a polygon
d) an icosahedron
e) an octahedron
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
43) Usually, a virus infects a cell and arrests the normal synthetic activities of the host,
redirecting the cell to use its available materials to manufacture viral nucleic acids and proteins,
which assemble into new viruses. Ultimately, the infected cell ruptures and releases a new
generation of viral particles that can infect neighboring cells. This type of infection is called
_________ infection.
a) a lytic
b) a proviral
c) an eluctable
d) a virulent
e) an avirulent
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
44) In some cases, an infecting virus does not lead to the death of the host cell, but instead
integrates its DNA into the DNA of the host cell's chromosomes. Integration of the viral DNA
can have different effects; for example, the infected cell might exhibit normal behavior until
exposure to a stimulus that activates the dormant viral DNA, triggering production of viral
progeny that bud off of the infected cell or a loss of control over growth and division leading to
malignancy. Such an infection is referred to as ______ infection.
a) a lytic
b) a proviral
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c) an eluctable
d) a virulent
e) an avirulent
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
45) From what is the lipid-containing outer envelope surrounding the viral capsid of many
animal viruses usually derived?
a) the nuclear envelope

b) the outer mitochondrial membrane
c) the plasma membrane
d) the lysosomal membrane
e) the outer membrane of the chloroplast
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
46) Which of the following is NOT typically a behavior exhibited by a cell with a proviral
infection?
a) Immediate production of new viruses and subsequent lysis of the host cell.
b) Normal behavior until exposure to a stimulus, like UV radiation, that activates dormant viral
DNA, leading to lysis of the host cell and release of viral progeny.
c) Production of new viral progeny that bud at the cell surface without lysing the infected cell.
d) Loss of control in animal cells over their growth and division followed by malignancy.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
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47) What advantageous uses have viruses been shown to have?
a) The activities of viral genes mimic those of host genes so they are useful for studying
mechanisms of DNA replication and gene expression in their much more complex hosts.
b) They can be used as a means to introduce foreign genes into human cells, which may serve as
a basis for treatment of human diseases by gene therapy.
c) Insect-killing viruses may play an increasing role in the war against insect pests.
d) Bacteria-killing viruses may play an increasing role in the war against bacterial pathogens.
e) All of these are correct.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
48) Potato spindle-tuber disease, which causes potatoes to become gnarled and cracked, is
caused by an infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA molecule that totally lacks a
protein coat. These infectious agents are thought to exert their effects by interfering with the
cell's normal path of gene expression. Such an infectious agent is known as __________.
a) a provirous
b) a bacteriophage
c) a viroid
d) a virunette
e) an eviscerion
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
49) What major feature distinguishes the theoretical first eukaryotic common ancestor (FECA)
from prokaryotes?
a) DNA
b) closed internal compartments
c) plasma membrane
d) ribosomes
e) heterotrophy
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Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
50) Prokaryotic cells have been identified in rock dated at ____________
a) 2.7 million years old

b) 2.7 billion years old
c) 2.4 million years old
d) 2.4 billion years old
e) 4 billion years old
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
51) Evidence of prokaryotes in the fossil record precedes eukaryotic cells by:
a) around 1 billion years

b) 4 billion years
c) 10 billion years
d) both appear at the same time in the fossil record
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
52) Lynn Margulis’s resurrected hypothesis that eukaryotic evolution was partly a result of the
internal residence of prokaryotic organisms is termed the _________________ theory.
a) phagocytosis
b) ingestion
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c) endosymbiont
d) invasive
e) digestion
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
53) The term _____________ describes the ability of a life form to synthesize its organic
molecules from other organic nutrients.
a) autotroph
b) heterotroph
c) phototroph
d) chemotroph
e) lithotroph
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
54) Which of these terms describes an organism which metabolizes by using oxygen and builds
cellular materials from other organic compounds?
a) anaerobic heterotroph
b) aerobic heterotroph
c) anaerobic autotroph
d) aerobic autotroph
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
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55) The ancestral cell which had characteristics including mitochondria, evolutionarily derived
functions such as intron splicing, ability to undergo meiosis, and cytoskeletal elements has been
termed the _________________.
a) LUCA (last universal common ancestor)

b) FECA (first eukaryotic common ancestor)
c) LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor)
d) FUCA (first universal common ancestor)
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
56) Which organelle is believed to have been acquired by eukaryotic cells most recently?
a) mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) chloroplasts
d) lysosomes
e) endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
57) What is thought to explain why Preaxostyla is a eukaryote without mitochondria?
a) this lineage of eukaryotic cells never inherited mitochondria

b) the mitochondria mutated into another organelle
c) the mitochondria are digested by lysosomes
d) the mitochondria were lost
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
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58) Who proposed that life forms should be categorized into three distinct evolutionary lines
rather than the traditionally accepted two lines of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a) Lynn Margulis
b) Carl Woese
c) Charles Darwin
d) Gregor Mendel
e) Watson and Crick
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
59) Which term is now used to describe the three distinct evolutionary lines proposed by Carl
Woese and his colleagues?
a) Kingdoms
b) Domains
c) Phyla
d) Clades
e) Species
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
60) Supergroups of eukaryotic organisms are mostly separate groups of:
a) animals
b) plants
c) protists
d) viruses
e) algae
Answer: c
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Difficulty: Easy
61) The major lineages derived from LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor) are termed
_______________________.
a) kingdoms
b) domains
c) phyla
d) supergroups
e) species
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
62) The supergroup containing animals is __________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) Excavata
d) Archaeplastida
e) SAR
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
63) The supergroup containing fungi is __________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) Excavata
d) Archaeplastida
e) SAR
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Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
64) The supergroup containing plants is __________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) Excavata
d) Archaeplastida
e) SAR
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
65) The supergroup containing protozoan parasites such as Giardia is __________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) Excavata
d) Archaeplastida
e) SAR
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
66) The supergroup containing ciliated protozoa is __________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) CCTH
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d) Archaeplastida
e) SAR
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
67) The supergroup containing the most obscure and poorly understood protozoa is
__________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) Excavata
d) CCTH
e) SAR
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
68) Which of these pairs of life forms are considered to be most closely related?
a) animals and plants

b) plants and fungi
c) animals and fungi
d) Giardia and ciliated protozoa
e) amoebae and ciliated protozoa
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
69) Which of these pairs of life forms are considered to be most closely related?
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a) green algae and brown algae
b) plants and fungi
c) plants and green algae
d) Giardia and ciliated protozoa
e) amoebae and ciliated protozoa
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
70) Given that cells possess genes from a variety of different ancestral sources, deciding which
to use for evolutionary relatedness comparisons can be complicated. The best candidates for
determining phylogenetic relationships tend to be ________________.
a) informational genes because they operate singly and uniquely

b) metabolic activity-related genes because they operate singly and uniquely
c) informational genes because they encode components which are parts of large complexes and
conservation of structure is required
d) metabolic activity-related genes because they encode enzymes which are parts of large
complexes and conservation of structure is required
e) all gene types provide the same phylogenetic accuracy
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
71) Yeast genome analysis has revealed a mixed ancestry of eubacterial and archaebacterial gene
inheritance. Studies presently show:
a) archaeal character in metabolic genes and eubacterial character in the informational genes
b) eubacterial character in metabolic genes and archaeal character in the informational genes
c) eubacterial character in informational and metabolic genes and archaeal character in cell wall
genes
d) archaeal character in informational and metabolic genes and eubacterial character in cell wall
genes
e) eubacterial character in informational and metabolic genes and archaeal character in motility
genes
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Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
72) The best explanation of what defines a multicellular organism, as opposed to a colonial one,
is that:
a) a multicellular organism can exist and propagate as both a single-celled or a multicelled form.
b) a multicellular organism can only exist and propagate as a multicelled form.
c) a multicellular organism can only exist and propagate as a single-celled form.
d) a multicellular organism shows signs of cellular differentiation throughout its life cycle.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Differentiate a colony of individual single-celled organisms from a
multicellular organism.
Section Reference: Section 1.5 Green Cells: Volvox, an Experiment in Multicellularity
73) Volvox is characterized by possessing ____________ cells.
a) 4
b) around 100
c) 1,000 or more
d) millions of
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
74) Volvox is a member of the supergroup __________________.
a) Opisthokonta
b) Amoebozoa
c) CCTH
d) Archaeplastida
e) SAR
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Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
75) It is believed that _____________ and ________________ evolved from

_________________.
a) plants, Volvox, a common ancestor

b) land plants, aquatic plants, Volvox
c) land plants, Volvox, aquatic plants
d) Volvox, aquatic plants, land plants
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
76) Volvox possesses enlarged cells called _____________ which have a reproductive function.
a) gametes
b) ova
c) gonidia
d) spermatogonia
e) oogonia
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
77) What characteristic of collagen makes it a suitable material for inclusion in tissue
engineering experiments?
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a) elasticity
b) degradability
c) adhesiveness
d) immunogenicity
e) good electrical conductivity
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Describe how tissue engineering can create cell-based replacement
organs.
Section Reference: Section 1.6 Engineering Linkage: Tissue Engineering
78) Which of these is a man-made biodegradable polymer?
a) collagen
b) poly-lactic acid
c) lactate
d) silk fiber
e) all choices are correct
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
organs.
Question Type: Multiple Select
79) Which of the following is a tenet of the Cell Theory? (Select all correct choices)
a) All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

b) The cell is the structural unit of life.
c) Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell.
d) Cells divide only by fission.
Answer: a, b, c
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Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 List the three tenets of the Cell Theory..
80) What factor or factors discovered with electron microscopy distinguished prokaryotic from
eukaryotic cells? (Select all correct choices)
a) their size
b) their color
c) the types of their internal structures or organelles
d) their fragility
Answer: a, c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
Question type: Multiple Choice
81) Archaea are found in environments with which characteristics?
a) extreme salinity
b) low pH
c) extreme heat
d) normal temperature ranges
e) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
Question type: Multiple Select
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82) You find a single-celled organism which you believe is a new eukaryotic life form. Which
features might it possess if it is average in most of its characteristics? (Select all correct choices)
a) genome encoding around 1,000 proteins

b) genome encoding more than 6,000 proteins
c) 4 million base pairs of DNA
d) 8 million base pairs of DNA
e) 16 million base pairs of DNA
Answer: b, e
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
83) According to the text, in which environments have bacteria been isolated? (Select all correct
choices)
a) Antarctic ice shelves

b) dry deserts
c) mile-deep rock layers
d) molten magma
e) human intestines
Answer: a, b, c, e
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
84) Why are viruses NOT considered to be organisms and not described as being alive? (Select
all correct choices)
a) Viruses are unable to reproduce by themselves.

b) Viruses are not able to metabolize by themselves.
c) Viruses are not able to synthesize DNA by themselves.
d) Viruses are not able to assemble spontaneously.
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Answer: a, b, c
Difficulty: Easy
85) Among the most complex viruses are the ________, which are also the most abundant
biological entities on Earth. (Select all correct descriptive terms)
a) mammalian viruses
b) bacterial viruses
c) vibriovirions
d) bacteriophages
Answer: b, d
Difficulty: Easy
86) Acquisition of cyanobacterium-like cells by an early heterotrophic anaerobe changed the

cell’s ability to _______________. (Select all correct choices)
a) acquire its organic building blocks

b) live in an oxygen containing environment
c) create ATP in mitochondria
d) synthesize DNA in a nucleus
e) traffic molecules through membranous organelles like the Golgi apparatus
Answer: a, b
Difficulty: Hard
87) Which abilities/characteristics are thought to have been possessed by LECA (last eukaryotic
common ancestor) but NOT by FECA (first eukaryotic common ancestor)? (Select all correct
choices)
a) ability to synthesize internal membranes
Page 33
c) ability to splice introns
d) development of meiosis
e) possession of mitochondria
Answer: c, d, e
Difficulty: Medium
88) Which abilities/characteristics are thought to have been possessed by both LECA (last
eukaryotic common ancestor) and by FECA (first eukaryotic common ancestor)? (Select all
correct choices)
a) ability to synthesize internal membranes

c) ability to splice introns
d) development of meiosis
e) possession of mitochondria
Answer: a, b
Difficulty: Medium
89) Gene transfer from one organism to another within the same generation of cells is termed
_____________. (Select all correct choices)
a) parental gene transfer

b) horizontal gene transfer
c) vertical gene transfer
d) lateral gene transfer
e) endosymbiont gene transfer
Answer: b, d
Difficulty: Medium
Page 34
90) Examples of the types of informational gene which provide accurate phylogenetic
relationship determinations include: (Select all correct choices)
a) ribosomal RNA genes

b) genes encoding cell membrane signal proteins
c) DNA polymerase genes
d) transfer RNA genes
e) genes encoding metabolic activities
Answer: a, c, d
Difficulty: Hard
91) Which of these are viable suggestions to explain the mixed character of the eukaryotic
genome? (Select all correct choices)
a) an archaebacterial cell fused with a eubacterial cell and the genomes integrated
b) eubacterial genes migrated from chloroplasts and mitochondria to become nuclear genes
c) eukaryotic genes migrated from chloroplasts and mitochondria to become nuclear genes
d) eukaryotic cells evolved from archaebacterial ancestors and then picked up eubacterial genes
e) archaebacterial genes migrated from chloroplasts and mitochondria to become nuclear genes
Answer: a, b, d
Difficulty: Hard
92) A typical example of a colonial organism is: (Select all correct choices)
a) plasmodial slime mold

b) Volvox
c) Dictyostelium
d) Gonium
e) Pleodornium
Answer: a, c
Page 35
Difficulty: Easy
93) What materials are found in fully artificial organs? (Select all correct choices)
a) plastics
b) ceramics
c) electronics
d) heavy metals
e) recombinant cells
Answer: a, c
Difficulty: Easy
organs.
94) What materials are being researched in constructing cell-based replacement organs? (Select
a) plastic 3-D scaffolds

b) tissue cells from the patient requiring the organ replacement
c) collagen fibrils
d) electronics
e) blood cells from the patient requiring the organ replacement
Answer: a, b, c, e
Difficulty: Easy
organs.
95) Scaffolds for tissue engineering need to be porous because: (Select all correct choices)
a) this creates more surface area for cell adhesion

b) this will allow access for electronic circuitry to be connected to cells in the replacement organ
Page 36
c) nutrient and waste diffusion will be more effective
d) the scaffold will be more rigid and strong
e) the scaffold will be more likely to be accepted by the immune defenses of the body
Answer: a, c
Difficulty: Medium
organs.
96) How have scientists attempted to create a porous scaffold for tissue engineering? (Select all
correct choices)
a) through a process known as electrospinning

b) by using spider web silk
c) by use of ultraviolet light-induced degradation of plastics
d) by electron bombardment of plastics
e) by forcing gases through a liquid matrix material
Answer: a, e
Difficulty: Easy
organs.
97) Viable adult stem cells have been located in _________________ tissue. (Select all correct
choices)
a) muscle
b) nervous
c) bone marrow
d) fat
e) dead
Answer: a, b, c, d
Difficulty: Easy
cells.
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98) Types of stem cells include: (Select all correct choices)
a) adult stem cells

b) undifferentiated embryonic stem cells
c) induced pluripotent stem cells
d) undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells
e) induced adult stem cells
Answer: a, b, c
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
99) Likely potential benefits from research using induced pluripotent stem cells include: (Select
a) advances in individualized cell replacement therapies

b) creating cells with disease specific phenotypes to better understand some clinical conditions
c) creating designer drugs for treating disease
d) advances in gene therapy
e) advances in bacteriophage therapy
Answer: a, b
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
100) Risks associated with embryonic stem cell therapies include: (Select all correct choices)
a) development of cancer
b) immunological rejection of transplants created for unrelated organ recipients
c) development of teratomas
d) complications with the use of non-human biological materials
e) competition with the technology used in employing induced pluripotent stem cell technology
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Answer: b, c, d
Difficulty: Medium
cells.
Page 39

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Package Title: Test Bank

Course Title: Karp9e

Question Type: Multiple Choice

a) It has a moveable stage.

4) Who is generally credited with the discovery of cells?

a) They believed that all cells were smaller than 2 µ in diameter.

a) Cells carry out a variety of emotional reactions.

7) Which of the following statements accurately characterize cells?

a) Cells are highly complex and organized.

a) MaLe, Mary Leeds

a) organelles, polymers, atoms, complexes, molecules

a) Both of the cells will die.

a) first universal common ancestor

16) What characteristics distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a) Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not.

18) Which of the following are considered to be eukaryotes?

a) They make obese mice eat more food.

31) Which statement is NOT correct regarding Archaea?

a) They are considered more closely related to bacteria than to eukarya.

a) a human sperm cell

33) Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

a) plasma membrane with similar chemical construction

a) plasma membrane with similar chemical construction

35) Which feature is shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a) complex chromosomes capable of forming condensed chromatin

36) Which organelle is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

a) they generate movement by different mechanisms

40) Which of the following statements about viruses is NOT true?

a) All viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites.

a) the nuclear envelope

50) Prokaryotic cells have been identified in rock dated at ____________

a) 2.7 million years old

a) around 1 billion years

a) LUCA (last universal common ancestor)

57) What is thought to explain why Preaxostyla is a eukaryote without mitochondria?

a) this lineage of eukaryotic cells never inherited mitochondria

60) Supergroups of eukaryotic organisms are mostly separate groups of:

62) The supergroup containing animals is __________________.

63) The supergroup containing fungi is __________________.

64) The supergroup containing plants is __________________.

65) The supergroup containing protozoan parasites such as Giardia is __________________.

66) The supergroup containing ciliated protozoa is __________________.

a) animals and plants

a) informational genes because they operate singly and uniquely

73) Volvox is characterized by possessing ____________ cells.

74) Volvox is a member of the supergroup __________________.

75) It is believed that _____________ and ________________ evolved from

a) plants, Volvox, a common ancestor

78) Which of these is a man-made biodegradable polymer?

Question Type: Multiple Select

a) All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Question type: Multiple Choice

81) Archaea are found in environments with which characteristics?

Question type: Multiple Select

a) genome encoding around 1,000 proteins

a) Antarctic ice shelves

a) Viruses are unable to reproduce by themselves.

86) Acquisition of cyanobacterium-like cells by an early heterotrophic anaerobe changed the

a) acquire its organic building blocks

75) It is believed that _ and ____ evolved from