Module 4
Module 4
Module 4
MODULE 4
Introduction
So, explore and experience the lessons in Structural Layout and Details
using CAD and be a step closer to being a skillful draftsman.
*****
Pre -A ssessment:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the
space provided to each number.
Directions: Read the drafting skills carefully. Then write "No Knowledge," if
you are not very familiar, "A little," and "A lot," if you are familiar with the skills.
Write your answers in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
After knowing your learning goals and targets, are you ready to move on
with this module? This will include topics like: the preparation of drafts in
foundation plans and drafts in structural floors and roof framing plans using CAD.
Enjoy and have fun while performing the activities prepared for you.
Introduction
Symbols are used on floor plans to describe items that are associated
with living in the home, such as doors, windows, cabinets, and plumbing
fixtures. Other symbols are more closely related to the construction of the
home, such as electrical circuits and material sizes and spacing. One of the
most important concerns of the drafter is to carefully combine all of the
symbols, notes, and dimensions on the floor plan so the plan is uncluttered
and easily read.
The design of the roof must be considered before the roof plan is
drawn. The designer will consider the basic shape of the roof as the floor plan
This lesson is designed to help you recognize the most appropriate design,
proper locations in doing such foundation plans (footing, wall footing, and
columns) and to familiarized you to the different materials needed in making a
house or building foundations.
Foundation - is the part of the building below the surface of the ground which
is sometimes called the substructure.
External Reference - is a DWG, DWF, DWFx, raster image, DNG, or PDF file
incorporated into a drawing for reference only.
Layer Filters - are settings that screen out, or filter, layers you do not want to
display in the list view pane of the Layer Properties Manager.
Library Path – is the path AutoCAD that searches by default to find an xref
file, including the current folder and locations set in the Options dialog box.
Limits - are the size of the virtual drawing area in model space. They are
largest and smallest numerical values a feature can have.
Line Spacing - is the vertical distance from the bottom of one line of text to
the bottom of the next line.
Line type Scale - is the lengths of dashes and spaces in line types.
Mono Truss - is a truss has only one slope as opposed two (half of a common
truss).
Lateral Bracing - refers to any piece (wood or metal) on a bridge that help
keep the top chord from bending horizontally.
The six steps used to draw a foundation plan manually are similar to
the steps used when drawing with AutoCAD. Below are the sequence in
1. Firstly, plan your drawing. This includes planning where the drawing will
be created and stored, the needed layers, line types, and what loads will
need to be supported. Because you do not have the same kind of
accuracy problems when working with CAD as you have with manual
drafting, the CAD floor plan may be used as an accurate basis for drawing
the foundation plan.
2. Next display the floor plan, and then begin the foundation drawing directly
over the floor plan on another layer.
3. Draw the outer side of the stem walls using the OSNAP command.
4. Freeze all floor-related information once the outline of the floor plan has
been traced.
5. Use the OFFSET command to lay out the thickness of the stem walls and
footings. Corners can be adjusted by using the FILLET or TRIM
command.
7. Use the dimensions used on the floor or framing plan. Show the existing
dimensions so that they are displayed on the foundation drawing, or use
the COPY command to place the needed dimension in the drawing. Use a
layer such as BASE DIM for placing dimensions required by the floor and
foundation plans.
8. Place any dimensions that were not placed on previous plan views as
needed on the foundation plan. This will include the locations of openings
in the stem wall for any doors into the garage, foundation supports, and
braced wall anchor locations. Openings in the exterior envelope that will
be above a wood floor system do not need to be located on the
foundation plan.
10. Store the foundation plan when completed separately from the floor plan
to make plotting easier. Storing the foundation plan with the floor and
framing plan will save disk space, and proper use of layering can ease
plotting. All foundation walls, bearing footings, and support beams will be
in their correct locations.
Suggested Activity 1
Directions: Based on your acquired knowledge and skills in the preparation
of computer-aided drawings. Draft the following structural details below, by
selecting the appropriate CAD tools/commands.
Suggested Activity 3
Directions: Using CAD, draft and complete the foundation plan below by
using the appropriate tools/commands.
Directions. Using CAD, perform the following problems below using the
appropriate tools/commands.
2. Draw separate plans for wall footing, column, and footing details
you present in your foundation plan.
Floor Plan - is the top cross-sectional view of the floor area of a house.
Floor Framing Plan - the plan that is drawn of the roof area used to show the
shape of the roof.
Roof Framing Plan – is the plan that is drawn of the roof area used to show
the shape of the roof.
Ridge – is the horizontal intersection between two or more roof planes and
represents the highest point of a roof.
The foundation plan shows not only the concrete footings and walls but
also the members that are used to form the floor system. Two common types
of floor systems are used in residential construction: floor systems built at
grade level and floor systems with a crawl space or basement below the floor
system. Both on-grade foundations and crawl space floor systems have their
own components and information that must be put on a foundation plan.
When using this system, you can focus on the floor plan layout, without
having to concentrate on scaling objects. CAD has transformed the traditional
process of setting up and laying out a drawing, by offering significant flexibility.
Still, effective layout planning and preparation is critical.
Check off the features used with this floor plan drawing checklist and
drawing sequence in AutoCAD. Note that each of these items are not required
but rather guide in ensuring all the standard features of a floor plan is
observable.
Exterior walls.
Interior walls.
Base cabinets.
Upper cabinets.
Closets and storage: Closets and wardrobes labelled and with shelf
and pole or additional shelves and drawers, storage closet, linen with
shelves, pantry with shelves, special storage features noted.
Framing plans for each floor are drawn using the floor plan as a base.
The floor plan layers that contain the walls, windows, doors, cabinets, and
plumbing fixtures should be displayed, with all other floor information frozen.
With the proper material displayed, complete the framing plan in the same
order that was used with manual methods.
1. Layers can be added to contain materials for the framing plan. Each
new layer is given the prefix of UPPR FRAM, MAIN FRAM, or LOWR
FRAM to make it easy to identify required layers for plotting.
2. Sub-names for ANNO, DIMN, TRUSS, LATR, and BEAM layers must
also be added.
3. Complete the drawing by adding major framing members first, and then
working toward smaller members. Place beams that will be required to
support joists or trusses, and then place a marker to represent each
joist type. The joist markers can be stored as a block, and then inserted
and stretched to the needed size.
10. Notes should also be placed on layers that are level-specific. Local
notes should be divided by layers to represent title block text and text
that is level-specific.
Suggested Activity 1
The roof framing plan can be created using the roof or floor plan as a
base drawing. Upper and lower framing plans are created using the floor plans
for the starting points. Two major methods are available to create these
drawings. Information can be added to the base drawings and controlled by
layers, or information can be added to a separate drawing and referenced to
the original. If the roof plan is to be controlled by layers, it is important to
remember that the base floor plan is plotted at a scale of 1/4" = 1'−0" and the
roof framing plan is usually plotted at a much smaller scale. Because you are
drawing in model space, you are working at full size, but you will need to
adjust the line scale and the text scale factors for the appropriate scale on the
roof framing plan.
1. Start by freezing all floor plan material except the exterior walls,
furniture, and skylights.
2. Create layers to contain the roof plan using the ROOF prefix. Layer
names such as ROOF WALL, ROOF LINE, ROOF OUTL, ROOF
ANNO, ROOF DIMN, or layer names based on the NCS should be
used to keep the roof information separate from the floor plan
information and to ease plotting.
3. Draw the outline of the residence on the ROOF WALL layer by tracing
the outline of the walls on the floor plan, and then freeze the walls of
the floor plan.
4. Complete the plan using the appropriate step-by-step process for the
required roof type. Using the OFFSET command, the lines that
represent the walls can be placed to represent the roof outline.
Suggested Activity 2
Directions: Select the appropriate CAD tools/commands in drafting the
structural roof framing plan of the given floor plan below. Layout your proposal
and have it approved by your teacher before you start drawing.
Suggested Activity 3
Directions: Using CAD, draft the given truss connection details below.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the
space provided for each number.
_____ 23. How would you select objects when using the stretch command?
5 3 1
Criteria points points point
Proficiency Perform the task Perform the task Perform the task
with with competence with
competence and and with competence but
exceptional standard below standard
performance performance performance
Method Followed the Followed the Followed the
given given procedure, given
procedure from noted once procedure,
start to finish, incorrect usage noted more than
observed of command once incorrect
correct usage tools usage of
of command command tools.
tools
Accuracy Perform the task Perform the Perform the task
with no error task with at with more than
least 1-2 errors 2 errors
Time Finish the Finish the work Unable to finish
Management work on/before after the given the work
the given time time
Rating Scale:
17 – 20 91 – 100 Outstanding
13 – 16 86 – 90 Very Good
9 – 12 81 – 85 Good
5–8 76 – 80 Fair
1-4 71 – 75 Needs Improvement
Teacher’s Comments: