2 MassOsc

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Simulation Software for the Analysis of electrical Power Networks,

Adjustable Speed Drives and Hydraulic Systems

TUTORIAL HYDRO 2: MASS OSCILLATION

Table of contents page

1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2
2 Simulation model setup ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Construction of the system............................................................................................. 3
2.2 Hydraulic connections (wires and crossings) ................................................................ 4
2.3 Parameters of the elements ............................................................................................ 5
2.4 Graphical features ........................................................................................................ 17
2.5 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 18
3 Initial condition determination ..................................................................................... 19
3.1 Initial conditions calculations ...................................................................................... 19
3.2 Initial conditions results ............................................................................................... 20
4 Simulation ....................................................................................................................... 21
4.1 Parameters of the elements .......................................................................................... 21
4.2 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 25
4.3 Simulation .................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Simulation results......................................................................................................... 27

Last update : 11.06.2019


SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 2

1 Introduction

This tutorial shows how to simulate the transient response of a piping system due to valve
closure. The figure 1.1 shows the layout of the example of interest that is made of an upstream
and downstream tank, a gallery, a surge tank, a penstock and two valves. The simulation will
proceed in two phases. First, the initial conditions are determined using a stabilization
procedure. In the second phase, the transient behavior of system resulting from the downstream
valve closure is simulated.

Figure 1.1: Layout of the example of interest

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 3

2 Simulation model setup

2.1 Construction of the system

The list of elements to be inserted into the model is given in the table below, each with the
corresponding category to help you find them in the elements library. For help on how to insert
elements into a model, please consult the Quick_User_Guide, section 4.1 (Adding New
Elements).

Category Sub-category Element Type Required number


Hydro Reservoir Reservoir (Dam) 1
Hydro Reservoir Reservoir (Tank) 1
Hydro Tanks Surge Tank 1
Hydro Pipes PipeZ 2
Hydro Valves-Sources Valve 2
Element Special Output 1
Functions Regulation FPoints 2
Functions Regulation Prog 1

Figure 2.1.1: Selecting and placing elements on the editing grid

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 4

2.2 Hydraulic connections (wires and crossings)

You have placed your elements on the editing grid. Now you have to connect them, according
to the desired topology. In the element library panel, select the CONNECTIONS tab, then
select the wire and connect the element as shown in figure 2.2.1. For help on how to connect
elements with wires, please refer to the Quick_User_Guide, section 4.2 (Wire Elements
Together)

Figure 2.2.1: Wiring the elements

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 5

2.3 Parameters of the elements

It is necessary to specify the parameters of the elements. The corresponding names are shown
in figure 2.3.1.

Figure 2.3.1: Elements names

Directly double-click on the element you want to parameterize. Thus, you can open the related
window for each element. The next pages will show you, with bold characters, the parameters
you have to introduce for each element of the hydraulic part.

When introducing the parameters for each element, you can open the related help file by
clicking on the corresponding element and pressing F1. Thus, you can benefit from more
information about the current element.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 6

2.3.1 Reservoir Reserv1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = RESERV1
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

H [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

Explanation:

Each element of the system must have a different name. The rated values Hn, Qn are used when
the user wishes to get output results in per unit (‘Writing = PU’) and the two rated values are
required. As ‘Writing’ is by default set to SI (International System), you can omit the input of
rated values. The initial conditions are the values that will be used to start the next simulation.
The current explanation is valid for all the hydraulic elements.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 7

2.3.2 Pipe Pipe1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PIPE1
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

Nb [1] = 9.00000000000E+0000
Zin [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Zout [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
L [m] = 5.00000000000E+0003
D [m] = 3.57000000000E+0000
Dh [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Ah [m2] = 0.00000000000E+0000
a [m/s] = 1.10000000000E+0003
Lambda [1] = 2.00000000000E-0002
Ksi [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Mu [Pa.s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q1 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc1 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q2 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc2 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q3 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc3 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q4 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc4 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q5 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc5 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q6 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc6 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q7 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc7 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q8 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc8 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q9 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc9 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q10 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 8

2.3.3 Surge tank Stank1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = STANK1
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

Ao [m2] = 1.25000000000E+0001
Aco [m2] = 8.00000000000E+0000
A [m2] = 3.84800000000E+0001
Kd [1] = 1.50000000000E+0001
zd [m] = 6.60000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000

Explanation:

In order to have a fast determination of the initial condition, the piezometric head of the surge
tank Hc could be approximated by the head HC9 of pipe1 reached at the end of the first
simulation.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 9

2.3.4 Valve Valve1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = VALVE1
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

K [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 10

2.3.5 Pipe Pipe2

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PIPE2
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

Nb [1] = 9.00000000000E+0000
Zin [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Zout [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
L [m] = 1.10000000000E+0003
D [m] = 2.52000000000E+0000
Dh [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Ah [m2] = 0.00000000000E+0000
a [m/s] = 1.10000000000E+0003
Lambda [1] = 2.00000000000E-0002
Ksi [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Mu [Pa.s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q1 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc1 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q2 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc2 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q3 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc3 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q4 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc4 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q5 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc5 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q6 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc6 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q7 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc7 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q8 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc8 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q9 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc9 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q10 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 11

2.3.6 Valve Valve2

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = VALVE2
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

K [1] = 3.55571000000E+0002
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 12

2.3.7 Reservoir Reserv2

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = RESERV2
Comment =
Writing = SI

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

H [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 13

2.3.8 Output Out

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = OUT
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

PIPE2 HC1 1/700 0 hC1 [p.u]


PIPE2 HC5 1/700 0 hC5 [p.u]
PIPE2 HC9 1/700 0 hC9 [p.u]

- PARAMETERS :

Explanation:

This unit reads the value HC1, HC5 and HC9 of the pipe Pipe2. These values are multiplied
by 1/700 and we add 0 in order to represent them in PU. Even if the plotting program Visual
2.2 allow multiple file open, this unit is useful to save time by choosing the variables you want
to output and by setting 'Writing = NO' in all other units, or simply by recording the variables
you want to compare in the same file.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 14

2.3.9 Program Prog1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PROG1
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

- REFERENCES Y :

- DATA :

- PARAMETERS :

dT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

kdT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000


y1 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y2 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y3 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y4 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y5 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y6 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y7 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y8 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y9 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y10 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y11 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y12 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y13 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y14 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y15 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y16 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y17 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y18 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y19 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y20 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 15

2.3.10 Points function FP1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = FP1
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

STANK1 Hc 1 0 Hc [m]

- REFERENCES Y :

STANK1 A 1 0 A [m2]

- DATA :

x1 [m] : 660 y1 [m2] : 80


x2 [m] : 680 y2 [m2] : 80
x3 [m] : 680.1 y3 [m2] : 38.48
x4 [m] : 720 y4 [m2] : 38.48
x5 [m] : 720.1 y5 [m2] : 80
x6 [m] : 750 y6 [m2] : 120

Explanation:

The evolution of surge tank cross section area is defined as a function of water level in the
surge tank Hc.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 16

2.3.11 Points function FP2

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = FP2
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

STANK1 Q 1 0 Q [m3]

- REFERENCES Y :

STANK1 Kd 1 0 Kd [1]

- DATA :

x1 [m3/s] : -100 y1 [1] : 15


x2 [m3/s] : -0.1 y2 [1] : 15
x3 [m3/s] : 0.1 y3 [1] : 7.5
x4 [m3/s] : 100 y4 [1] : 7.5

Explanation:

The evolution of surge tank diaphragm loss coefficient Kd is defined as a function of the
discharge Q entering in the surge tank.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 17

2.4 Graphical features

It is advised to add some graphical elements to make your example more understandable. In
the element library panel, select the GRAPHICS tab, then select Lines and Arrow to create the
red arrow.
Add the graphical elements as shown in figure 2.4.1.

Figure 2.4.1: Graphical features

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 18

2.5 Simulation parameters

Select the following submenu command:

Parameters Simulation Parameters

Fill the main file as follows:

COMMENT :

SIMULATION PARAMETERS :

Time min [sec] = 0.0000000000000


Time max [sec] = 6.0000000000000
Integration step [sec] = 0.0500000000000
Precision for immediate events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Precision for simultaneous events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Integration process [-] = RK45
Write in output files every [1] = 1
Initial conditions from [E/M] = E
Disturbances activated [Y/N] = NO

CONSTANT DATA :

PARAMETERS :

INITIAL CONDITIONS :

DISTURBANCES :

Explanation:

Transient behavior of the system will be simulated during 6s with an integration step of 50 ms.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 19

3 Initial condition determination

3.1 Initial conditions calculations

Click the InHydro menu to enter stabilization mode. Then, in the menu InHydro select Flow
Stabilization and answer Yes to the next question. The simulation for initial condition
determination starts. When the stabilization simulation is terminated, the simulation window
looks as shown in figure 3.1.1.

Figure 3.1.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Then, save the last calculated point by pressing the <s> key, to update initial condition of
elements for the next simulation.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 20

3.2 Initial conditions results

Figure 3.2.1: The head and discharge at the valve2.

Explanation:

The steady state conditions are reached after 6 s from initial conditions set to zero.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 21

4 Simulation

4.1 Parameters of the elements

4.1.1 Program Prog1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PROG1
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

PROG1 Time 1 0 Time [s] x1

- REFERENCES Y :

VALVE2 K=y2 1 0

- DATA :

Aref = 4.988 ; [m2]


g = 9.81 ; [m/s2]
Tclose = 5.1 ; [s]
Tstart = 1 ; [s]
Hn = 700 ; [m]
Qo = 31 ; [m3/s]
y1 = 1-((x1-Tstart)/Tclose)^0.75
y1 = MAX(y1,1e-6)
y2 = Hn/(Qo*Qo*y1*y1)*2*g*Aref*Aref

- PARAMETERS :

dT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

kdT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000


y1 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y2 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y3 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y4 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y5 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y6 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y7 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y8 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y9 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y10 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y11 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y12 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y13 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y14 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y15 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y16 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y17 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y18 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y19 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y20 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 22

Explanation:

The closure law of the valve Valve2 is taken into account using a program Prog1. The closure
law is started at Tstart = 1 s and lasts Tclose = 5.1 s. This law is defined using the initial
discharge and head at the valve Valve2 obtained as initial conditions and a function MAX to
limit the losses coefficient.

We have:

K Ro H
H = R  Q  Q =  Q Q R= = 2 n 2
2  g  Aref
2 2
y1 y1  Qo
Introducing:
0.75
 t − Tstart 
y1 = 1 −  
 Tclose 
It yields:
H
K = 2 n 2  2  g  Aref2

y1  Qo

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 23

4.1.2 Surge tank Stank1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = STANK1
Comment =
Writing = pu

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001

- PARAMETERS :

Ao [m2] = 1.25000000000E+0001
Aco [m2] = 8.00000000000E+0000
A [m2] = 3.84800000000E+0001
Kd [1] = 1.50000000000E+0001
zd [m] = 6.60000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = -1.39318312839E-0016
Hc [m] = 6.86885552300E+0002

Explanation:

Previous simulation determines the rated discharge.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 24

4.1.3 Valve Valve2

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = VALVE2
Comment =
Writing = pu

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001

- PARAMETERS :

K [1] = 3.55571173461E+0002
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001

Explanation:

Previous simulation determines the rated discharge.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 25

4.2 Simulation parameters

Select the following submenu command:

Parameters Simulation Parameters

Fill the main file as follows:

COMMENT :

SIMULATION PARAMETERS :

Time min [sec] = 0.0000000000000


Time max [sec] = 600.00000000000
Integration step [sec] = 0.0500000000000
Precision for immediate events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Precision for simultaneous events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Integration process [-] = RK45
Write in output files every [1] = 1
Initial conditions from [E/M] = E
Disturbances activated [Y/N] = NO

CONSTANT DATA :

PARAMETERS :

INITIAL CONDITIONS :

DISTURBANCES :

Explanation:

Transient behavior of the system will be simulated during 600 s with an integration step of 50
ms.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 26

4.3 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
transient simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as
shown in figure 4.3.1.

Figure 4.3.1: End of the simulation.

At the end of the simulation, wait until you can read the last simulation message:
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 27

4.4 Simulation results

Figure 4.4.1: Head, water level and discharge of the surge tank

Figure 4.4.2: Head and discharge at the downstream valve

Explanation:

A mass oscillation occurs between the upstream tank and the surge tank while a Watherhammer
is present in the penstock.

End of Tutorial

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