2 MassOsc
2 MassOsc
2 MassOsc
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2
2 Simulation model setup ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Construction of the system............................................................................................. 3
2.2 Hydraulic connections (wires and crossings) ................................................................ 4
2.3 Parameters of the elements ............................................................................................ 5
2.4 Graphical features ........................................................................................................ 17
2.5 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 18
3 Initial condition determination ..................................................................................... 19
3.1 Initial conditions calculations ...................................................................................... 19
3.2 Initial conditions results ............................................................................................... 20
4 Simulation ....................................................................................................................... 21
4.1 Parameters of the elements .......................................................................................... 21
4.2 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 25
4.3 Simulation .................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Simulation results......................................................................................................... 27
1 Introduction
This tutorial shows how to simulate the transient response of a piping system due to valve
closure. The figure 1.1 shows the layout of the example of interest that is made of an upstream
and downstream tank, a gallery, a surge tank, a penstock and two valves. The simulation will
proceed in two phases. First, the initial conditions are determined using a stabilization
procedure. In the second phase, the transient behavior of system resulting from the downstream
valve closure is simulated.
-2-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 3
The list of elements to be inserted into the model is given in the table below, each with the
corresponding category to help you find them in the elements library. For help on how to insert
elements into a model, please consult the Quick_User_Guide, section 4.1 (Adding New
Elements).
-3-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 4
You have placed your elements on the editing grid. Now you have to connect them, according
to the desired topology. In the element library panel, select the CONNECTIONS tab, then
select the wire and connect the element as shown in figure 2.2.1. For help on how to connect
elements with wires, please refer to the Quick_User_Guide, section 4.2 (Wire Elements
Together)
-4-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 5
It is necessary to specify the parameters of the elements. The corresponding names are shown
in figure 2.3.1.
Directly double-click on the element you want to parameterize. Thus, you can open the related
window for each element. The next pages will show you, with bold characters, the parameters
you have to introduce for each element of the hydraulic part.
When introducing the parameters for each element, you can open the related help file by
clicking on the corresponding element and pressing F1. Thus, you can benefit from more
information about the current element.
-5-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 6
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = RESERV1
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
H [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Explanation:
Each element of the system must have a different name. The rated values Hn, Qn are used when
the user wishes to get output results in per unit (‘Writing = PU’) and the two rated values are
required. As ‘Writing’ is by default set to SI (International System), you can omit the input of
rated values. The initial conditions are the values that will be used to start the next simulation.
The current explanation is valid for all the hydraulic elements.
-6-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 7
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = PIPE1
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
Nb [1] = 9.00000000000E+0000
Zin [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Zout [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
L [m] = 5.00000000000E+0003
D [m] = 3.57000000000E+0000
Dh [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Ah [m2] = 0.00000000000E+0000
a [m/s] = 1.10000000000E+0003
Lambda [1] = 2.00000000000E-0002
Ksi [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Mu [Pa.s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q1 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc1 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q2 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc2 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q3 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc3 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q4 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc4 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q5 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc5 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q6 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc6 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q7 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc7 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q8 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc8 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q9 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc9 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q10 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
…
-7-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 8
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = STANK1
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
Ao [m2] = 1.25000000000E+0001
Aco [m2] = 8.00000000000E+0000
A [m2] = 3.84800000000E+0001
Kd [1] = 1.50000000000E+0001
zd [m] = 6.60000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Explanation:
In order to have a fast determination of the initial condition, the piezometric head of the surge
tank Hc could be approximated by the head HC9 of pipe1 reached at the end of the first
simulation.
-8-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 9
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = VALVE1
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
K [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
-9-
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 10
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = PIPE2
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
Nb [1] = 9.00000000000E+0000
Zin [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Zout [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
L [m] = 1.10000000000E+0003
D [m] = 2.52000000000E+0000
Dh [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Ah [m2] = 0.00000000000E+0000
a [m/s] = 1.10000000000E+0003
Lambda [1] = 2.00000000000E-0002
Ksi [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Mu [Pa.s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q1 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc1 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q2 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc2 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q3 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc3 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q4 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc4 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q5 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc5 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q6 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc6 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q7 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc7 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q8 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc8 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q9 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc9 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q10 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
…
- 10 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 11
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = VALVE2
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
K [1] = 3.55571000000E+0002
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- 11 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 12
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = RESERV2
Comment =
Writing = SI
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- PARAMETERS :
H [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- 12 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 13
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = OUT
Comment =
Writing = YES
- REFERENCES X :
- PARAMETERS :
Explanation:
This unit reads the value HC1, HC5 and HC9 of the pipe Pipe2. These values are multiplied
by 1/700 and we add 0 in order to represent them in PU. Even if the plotting program Visual
2.2 allow multiple file open, this unit is useful to save time by choosing the variables you want
to output and by setting 'Writing = NO' in all other units, or simply by recording the variables
you want to compare in the same file.
- 13 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 14
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = PROG1
Comment =
Writing = YES
- REFERENCES X :
- REFERENCES Y :
- DATA :
- PARAMETERS :
dT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
- 14 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 15
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = FP1
Comment =
Writing = YES
- REFERENCES X :
STANK1 Hc 1 0 Hc [m]
- REFERENCES Y :
STANK1 A 1 0 A [m2]
- DATA :
Explanation:
The evolution of surge tank cross section area is defined as a function of water level in the
surge tank Hc.
- 15 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 16
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = FP2
Comment =
Writing = YES
- REFERENCES X :
STANK1 Q 1 0 Q [m3]
- REFERENCES Y :
STANK1 Kd 1 0 Kd [1]
- DATA :
Explanation:
The evolution of surge tank diaphragm loss coefficient Kd is defined as a function of the
discharge Q entering in the surge tank.
- 16 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 17
It is advised to add some graphical elements to make your example more understandable. In
the element library panel, select the GRAPHICS tab, then select Lines and Arrow to create the
red arrow.
Add the graphical elements as shown in figure 2.4.1.
- 17 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 18
COMMENT :
SIMULATION PARAMETERS :
CONSTANT DATA :
PARAMETERS :
INITIAL CONDITIONS :
DISTURBANCES :
Explanation:
Transient behavior of the system will be simulated during 6s with an integration step of 50 ms.
- 18 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 19
Click the InHydro menu to enter stabilization mode. Then, in the menu InHydro select Flow
Stabilization and answer Yes to the next question. The simulation for initial condition
determination starts. When the stabilization simulation is terminated, the simulation window
looks as shown in figure 3.1.1.
Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.
Then, save the last calculated point by pressing the <s> key, to update initial condition of
elements for the next simulation.
The window closes automatically.
- 19 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 20
Explanation:
The steady state conditions are reached after 6 s from initial conditions set to zero.
- 20 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 21
4 Simulation
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = PROG1
Comment =
Writing = YES
- REFERENCES X :
- REFERENCES Y :
VALVE2 K=y2 1 0
- DATA :
- PARAMETERS :
dT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
- 21 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 22
Explanation:
The closure law of the valve Valve2 is taken into account using a program Prog1. The closure
law is started at Tstart = 1 s and lasts Tclose = 5.1 s. This law is defined using the initial
discharge and head at the valve Valve2 obtained as initial conditions and a function MAX to
limit the losses coefficient.
We have:
K Ro H
H = R Q Q = Q Q R= = 2 n 2
2 g Aref
2 2
y1 y1 Qo
Introducing:
0.75
t − Tstart
y1 = 1 −
Tclose
It yields:
H
K = 2 n 2 2 g Aref2
y1 Qo
- 22 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 23
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = STANK1
Comment =
Writing = pu
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001
- PARAMETERS :
Ao [m2] = 1.25000000000E+0001
Aco [m2] = 8.00000000000E+0000
A [m2] = 3.84800000000E+0001
Kd [1] = 1.50000000000E+0001
zd [m] = 6.60000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = -1.39318312839E-0016
Hc [m] = 6.86885552300E+0002
Explanation:
- 23 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 24
- GENERAL DATA :
Name = VALVE2
Comment =
Writing = pu
- RATED VALUES :
Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001
- PARAMETERS :
K [1] = 3.55571173461E+0002
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000
- INITIAL CONDITIONS :
Q [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001
Explanation:
- 24 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 25
COMMENT :
SIMULATION PARAMETERS :
CONSTANT DATA :
PARAMETERS :
INITIAL CONDITIONS :
DISTURBANCES :
Explanation:
Transient behavior of the system will be simulated during 600 s with an integration step of 50
ms.
- 25 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 26
4.3 Simulation
Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
transient simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as
shown in figure 4.3.1.
At the end of the simulation, wait until you can read the last simulation message:
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.
Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.
- 26 -
SIMSEN Tutorial 2: MASS OSCILLATION 27
Figure 4.4.1: Head, water level and discharge of the surge tank
Explanation:
A mass oscillation occurs between the upstream tank and the surge tank while a Watherhammer
is present in the penstock.
End of Tutorial
- 27 -