PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS - Activity
PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS - Activity
PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS - Activity
DRUG STUDY
NCM 117 ACTIVITY
Instruction: Make a drug study on the following psychotropic drugs using the format given below:
Drug Name of Drug Mechanism of Dosage/Frequency Indication Contraindication Side Effects/Adverse Nursing Considerations
Classification Action Effects
Mood lithium citrate Lithium’s ADULTS Treatment of manic Severe renal Exacerbation of Assessment
Stabilizers (Eskalit, exact Acute mania: 600 episodes of manic- and cardiac psoriasis, acne, History: Hypersensitivity to tartrazine;
Lithobid) mechanism is mg PO tid or 900 depressive illness; disease; severe rash; nausea, significant renal or CV disease; severe
unclear but it mg slow-release maintenance therapy dehydration, diarrhoea, vertigo, debilitation, dehydration; sodium
Source: alters form PO bid to to prevent or sodium muscle weakness, depletion, patients on diuretics;
https:// intraneuronal produce effective diminish frequency depletion, dazed feeling; loss protracted sweating, diarrhea; suicidal
www.rnpedia. metabolism serum levels and intensity of debilitation. of concentration; or impulsive patients; infection with
com/nursing- of between 1 and 1.5 subsequent manic tremors; fever; pregnancy; lactation
notes/ catecholamin mEq/L. Serum levels episodes hypothyroidism; wt
pharmacology es and should be gain, oedema; Physical: Weight and T; skin color,
-drug-study- sodium determined twice Unlabeled use: cardiac lesions; orientation, affect, reflexes;
notes/ transport in per wk in samples Improvement of arrhythmias; ophthalmic examination; P, BP, R,
lithium/ neurons and drawn immediately neutrophil counts in exophthalmos; adventitious sounds; bowel sounds,
muscle cells. before a dose (at patients with cancer restlessness; normal output; normal fluid intake,
least 8–12 hr after chemotherapy– electrolyte normal output, voiding pattern; thyroid,
previous dose). induced neutropenia disturbances. renal glomerular and tubular function
and in children with Potentially Fatal: tests, urinalysis, CBC and differential,
Long-term use: 300 chronic neutropenia Severe baseline ECG
mg PO tid–qid to and HIV patients on neurotoxicity, Interventions
produce a serum zidovudine therapy leucopenia. Give with caution and daily monitoring
level of 0.6–1.2 (doses of 300–1,000 of serum lithium levels to patients with
mEq/L. Serum levels mg/day, serum levels renal or CV disease, debilitation, or
should be of 0.5 and 1 mEq/L); dehydration or life-threatening
determined at least prophylaxis of cluster psychiatric disorders.
every 2 mo in headache and cyclic Give drug with food or milk or after
samples drawn migraine headache, meals.
immediately before treatment of SIADH,
a dose (at least 8– hypothyroidism BLACK BOX WARNING:
12 hr after previous (doses of 600–900
dose). mg/day) Monitor clinical status closely,
especially during initial stages of
Conversion from therapy; monitor for therapeutic
conventional to serum levels of 0.6–1.2 mEq/L;
slow-release dosage toxicity is closely related to serum
forms: Give the levels.
same total daily Individuals vary in their reponse to
dose divided into this drug; some patients may
two or three doses. exhibit toxic signs at serum lithium
levels considered within the
PEDIATRIC therapeutic range.
PATIENTS Advise patient that this drug may
Safety and efficacy cause serious fetal harm and
for children < 12 yr cannot be used during pregnancy;
not established. urge use of barrier contraceptives.
Decrease dosage after the acute
manic episode is controlled;
GERIATRIC
lithium tolerance is greater during
PATIENTS AND
the acute manic phase and
PATIENTS WITH
decreases when manic symptoms
RENAL
subside.
IMPAIRMENT
Reduced dosage
may be necessary. WARNING:
Elderly patients Ensure that patient maintains adequate
often respond to intake of salt and adequate intake of
reduced dosage and fluid (2,500–3,000 mL/day).
may exhibit signs of
toxicity at serum Teaching points
levels tolerated by Take this drug exactly as
other patients. prescribed, after meals or with
Plasma half-life is food or milk. Swallow extended- or
prolonged in renal controlled-release tablets whole;
impairment. do not chew or crush.
Eat a normal diet with normal salt
intake; maintain adequate fluid
intake (at least 2.5 quarts/day).
Arrange for frequent checkups,
including blood tests. Keep all
appointments for checkups to get
the most benefits with the least
toxicity.
Use contraception to avoid
pregnancy. If you wish to become
pregnant or believe that you have
become pregnant, consult your
health care provider.
Discontinue drug, and notify your
health care provider if toxicity
occurs—diarrhea, vomiting, ataxia,
tremor, drowsiness, lack of
coordination or muscular
weakness.
You may experience these side
effects: Drowsiness, dizziness
(avoid driving or performing tasks
that require alertness); GI upset
(eat frequent small meals); mild
thirst, greater than usual urine
volume, fine hand tremor (may
persist throughout therapy; notify
your health care provider if
severe).
Report diarrhea or fever.
Lamotrigine Stabilizes Adult dosage (ages Adjunct treatment of LAMICTAL is CNS: ataxia, dizzines Examination and Evaluation
(Lamictal) neuronal 18–64 years) partial seizures in contraindicated s, headache, Monitor signs of allergic and
membranes Immediate-release adults with epilepsy. in patients who behavior changes, hypersensitivity reactions,
by inhibiting form (tablets, Lennox-Gastaut have depression, including pulmonary
sodium chewable tablets, syndrome. Primary demonstrated drowsiness, symptoms (tightness in the
Source:
transport. orally disintegrating generalized tonic- hypersensitivity insomnia, tremor. throat and chest, wheezing,
Lamotrigine.
Therapeutic tablets) clonic seizures in (e.g., rash, cough, dyspnea) or skin
Ciccone C.D.
Effects: Decre TAKING with adults and children angioedema, EENT: blurred reactions (rash, pruritus,
(Ed.), (2016).
ased valproate: ≥2 yr. Conversion to acute urticaria, vision, double urticaria). Be especially alert
Davis's Drug
incidence of Weeks 1– monotherapy in extensive vision, rhinitis. for severe skin reactions
Guide for
seizures. 2: Take 25 mg adults with partial pruritus, (exfoliation, dermatitis) that
Rehabilitation
Delayed time every other seizures receiving a mucosal might indicate Stevens-
Professionals. GI: nausea, vomitin
to recurrence day. single enzyme- ulceration) to Johnson syndrome. Notify
McGraw g.
of mood Weeks 3– inducing antiepileptic the drug or its physician immediately if
Hill. https://fa GU: vaginitis. Derm:
episodes. 4: Take 25 mg drug. Maintenance ingredients these reactions occur.
davispt.mhm photosensitivity, ras
per day. treatment of bipolar Document the number,
edical.com/co h (higher incidence
Week 5 disorder. duration, and severity of
ntent.aspx? in children, patients
bookid=1873 onward: Your taking valproic acid seizures to help determine if
§ionid=1 doctor will (VPA), high initial this drug is effective in
39015441 increase your doses, or rapid dose reducing seizure activity.
dose by 25–50 increases). MS: arth If treating bipolar disorder,
mg once per ralgia. Misc: allergic monitor any changes in the
day every 1 to or hypersensitivity patient's mood or behavior.
2 weeks. reactions including Report manic symptoms
Maintenance: Stevens-Johnson (excitement, agitation) or
Take 100–400 syndrome. symptoms of depression
mg per day. (sadness, apathy, loss of
NOT TAKING energy).
carbamazepine, Assess dizziness, ataxia, or
phenytoin, tremor that might affect gait,
phenobarbital, balance, and other functional
primidone, or activities (See Appendix C).
valproate: Report balance problems and
Weeks 1– functional limitations to the
2: Take 25 mg physician, and caution the
per day. patient and family/caregivers
Weeks 3– to guard against falls and
4: Take 50 mg trauma.
per day. Monitor daytime drowsiness,
Week 5 depression, or other changes
onward: Your in behavior. Repeated or
doctor will excessive symptoms may
increase your require change in dose or
dose by 50 mg medication.
once per day Assess any joint pain to rule
every 1 to 2 out musculoskeletal
weeks. pathology; that is, try to
Maintenance: determine if pain is drug-
Take 225–375 induced rather than caused
mg per day, in by anatomic or biomechanical
2 divided problems.
doses. Interventions
TAKING Guard against falls and
carbamazepine, trauma (hip fractures, head
phenytoin, injury, and so forth),
phenobarbital, or especially if dizziness or ataxia
primidone and NOT affect gait and balance.
TAKING valproate: Implement fall-prevention
Weeks 1– strategies, especially if
2: Take 50 mg balance is impaired
every day. (See Appendix E).
Weeks 3– Causes photosensitivity; use
4: Take 100 mg care if administering UV
per day, in 2 treatments. Advise patient to
divided doses. avoid direct sunlight and use
Week 5 sunscreens and protective
onward: Your clothing.
doctor will Patient/Client-Related
increase your Instruction
dose by 100 Advise patient to avoid
mg once per alcohol and other CNS
day every 1 to depressants because of the
2 weeks. increased risk of sedation and
Maintenance: adverse effects.
Take 300–500 Advise patients on prolonged
mg per day, in antiseizure therapy not to
2 divided discontinue medication
doses. without consulting their
Extended-release physician. Abrupt withdrawal
form (tablets) may cause increased seizures.
TAKING with
valproate:
Weeks 1–
2: Take 25 mg
every other
day.
Weeks 3–
4: Take 25 mg
per day.
Week 5: Take
50 mg per day.
Week 6: Take
100 mg per
day.
Week 7: Take
150 mg per
day.
Maintenance:
Take 200–250
mg per day.
NOT TAKING
carbamazepine,
phenytoin,
phenobarbital,
primidone, or
valproate:
Weeks 1–
2: Take 25 mg
every day.
Weeks 3–
4: Take 50 mg
per day.
Week 5: Take
100 mg per
day.
Week 6: Take
150 mg per
day.
Week 7: Take
200 mg per
day.
Maintenance:
Take 300–400
mg per day.
TAKING
carbamazepine,
phenytoin,
phenobarbital, or
primidone and NOT
TAKING valproate:
Weeks 1–
2: Take 50 mg
per day.
Weeks 3–
4: Take 100 mg
per day.
Week 5: Take
200 mg per
day.
Week 6: Take
300 mg per
day.
Week 7: Take
400 mg per
day.
Maintenance:
Take 400–600
mg per day.
Deadline of Submission: May 02, 2022. Make sure you work this on your own. Do not share your output to your others. There will be automatic
deductions for a duplicated output.