VEDANTA ACADEMY

SURDS
INTRODUCTION:- Example:
In this Chapter we will study the importance of i) A rationalizing factor of 3 is 3 .
the Rational and Irrational numbers in the set of real ii) A rationalizing factor of 3 4 is 3 2 .
numbers. iii) A rationalizing factor of 3  5 is 3  5
RATIONAL NUMBER iv) A rationalizing factor of 3 3  3 2 is
p
whwre, p,q   0 Z is 9 6 4
3 3 3
A number in the form
q
called a rational number. 6) If the quotient of two surds is rational they are
Example: -2/3, 4/5, 6, 0, ….. called like surds.
IRRATIONAL NUMBER Example: 3, 12 are like surds.

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Real numbers whose decimal part contains non-
recurring and non-terminating digits are called Properties:

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irrational numbers.
1. If ,a b, c, d are rational numbrs and b , d are
Example: 2, 5, ,e,....
surds then a  b  c  d  a  c and b=d.
SURD
Example: If 3  p  1   q  2  3 v
If n is a natural number and ‘a’ is a positive

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rational number, n a is not a rational number then Where p  1 is a surd then p=4 and q=5.
2. A quadratic a=surd never be expressed, as the
n
a is called a surd.
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(or) sum of a rational and a quadratic surd. i.e., if a , c
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If a(>0) is not nth power  nN of a rational aresurds then there exists no rational such that
number then n
a  a1/n is called a surd. a b c.
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Example: 7, 3 2, 5 2/3,.... 3. If a , b are like surds then there exists surd

Note: c such that a  b  c .
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i) A surd is an irrational number. 4. If a , b are unlike surds then there exists no

ii) An irrational number may not be a surd. surd c such that a b c
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iii) π, e are irrational but not surds.

SQUARE ROOT OF A SURD:
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iv) 4 ,  are not surds.

v) n a is a surd, n is called order.
If a, b, a2  b are positive rational numbers and
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vi) If a>b>0 then n a , n b . a2  b is a surd then a  b  x  y where

SOME DEFINITIONS 1
  1
 
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x a  a2  b and y  a  a2  b .
1. A surd of the form a is a simple surd.
n 2 2
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2. Surds of the form a  b,a  b,a b...... are Ex: Find positive square root of 8  60 .
Sol: Method-1:
called mixed surds.
3. A surd which is sum or difference of two or more Let 8  60  x  y
surds is called a compound surd. Here, a=8, b=60
4. Two surds of the form a  b and a  b are  8  64  60   8  64  60 
conjugates to each other. x    5,y     3
 2 2
5. If the product of two surds is rational then each    
of them is said to be rationalizing factor of the other.
 8  60  5  3
Surd A rationalizing facor
of that surd Method-2:

 
2
i) n
a n
a n1
8  60  5  3  2 5 3 5 3
ii) a  b a b 5 3
iii) a  b a b Express in the simplest form
iv) a b a b Ex 1: 50
v) a b a b = 25  2  5 2
vi) 3
a3b 3
a2 + 3 ab  3 b2 Ex 2: 128
vii) 3 a  3 b 3
a2  3 ab  3 b2  16  8

1 BY M V SREENIVASULU
 VEDANTA ACADEMY

 16  4  2  4  2  2 16. 5 3 3 7
8 2 17. 2 14  21
Ex 3: 3 54 18. 3 8 6
 3 27  2  33 2 19. 5 27  3 24
Express as entire surds 20. 8 12  3 24
Ex 4: 7 5  49  5  245 EXERCISE-2
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Ex 5: 2 3  2  3  48
4 4 4 Write the rationalizing factors
EXERCISE-1 1. 3  2 2. 3  1 3. 3 6  2 6
Express in simplest form 4. a  x 5. 5  2 6. 3 2  3 3
1. 288 2. 147 3. 3
256 4. 36a3 7. 9  2 14 8. 3 3  1 9. 3 3  3 2
5. 3
1029 10. 7  2
Rationalise the denominator
Express as entire surds 1 3 5 b2
6. 11 2 7. 6 3 4 8. 5 3 6 9. 2 4 2 11. 12. 13.
2 3 5 2 a2  b2  a

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3x a2 y 3 y2 x2
10. 14. 15.
y x2

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x  x2  y 2 x 2  a2  a
Find the value of
Find square roots of the following.
11. 3 45  20  7 5
1. 16  2 55 2. 11  2 30
12. 4 63  5 7  8 28
7  2 10 4. 13  2 30

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3.
13. 5 24  2 54  6
5. 82 7 6. 5  2 6
14. 44  5 176  2 99
R A 7. 82 7 8. 18  8 5
15. 3 20  4 5  125
9. 14  8 3 10. 17  12 2
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Find the value of
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C A
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2 BY M V SREENIVASULU