05 Tutorial Electrodynamics

PYL101: Electromagnetics & Quantum Mechanics
Problem set 5
Electrodynamics
Exercise 1
Two concentric metal spherical shells of radius a and b, respectively, are separated by weakly
conducting material of conductivity σ (Fig. 1).
i. If they are maintained at a potential difference V, what current flows from one to the
other?
ii. What is the resistance between the shells?
iii. Notice that if b>>a, the outer radius (b) is irrelevant. How would account for that?
iv. Exploit the above observation in (iii) to determine the current flowing between two metal
spheres, each of radius a, immersed deep in the sea and held quite far apart (Fig. 2) and
maintained at a potential difference V between them.
Exercise 2
A conducting rod of length l rotates about z-axis passing through one end of the rod. If the
angular velocity of rotation is ω & there is a uniform magnetic field B=B0 ^z in the region,
calculate the emf developed between:
i. two ends of the rod,
ii. fixed end and center,
iii. center and free end
Exercise 3
A conducting spherical shell of radius a rotates about the z-axis with angular velocity ω in a
uniform magnetic field B=B0 ^z . Calculate the emf developed between the north pole and the
equator in the shell.
Exercise 4
A metal bar of mass m slides frictionlessly on two parallel conducting rails a distance l apart.
A resistor R is connected across the rails and a uniform magnetic field B, pointing into the
page, fills the entire region.
i. If the bar moves to the right at speed v, what is the current in the resistor? In what
direction does it flow?
ii. What is the magnetic force on the bar? In what direction?
iii. If the bar starts out with speed v = v0 at time t = 0, and is left to slide, find the heat
developed in the resistor during the time t = 0 to t = t.
iv. Check out that this heat is equal to the loss in kinetic energy of the bar from t = 0 to t =
t.
1
Exercise 5
As shown in Fig. 4 below, a square loop side a, and resistance R lies a distance s from an
infinite straight wire that carries current I0. At a specific instant of time as given below, the
current I drops to zero. In what direction does the induced current in the square loop flow,
and what total charge passes a given point in the loop during the time this current flows?
Given: I ( t )=( 1−α t ) I 0 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 / α and I ( t )=0 for t> 1/α
Exercise 6
In a perfect conductor, the conductivity is infinite, so E = 0 and any net charge resides on
the surface (just as it does for an imperfect conductor, in electrostatics). A superconductor is
a perfect conductor with the additional property that the (constant) B inside it is in fact zero.
Superconductivity is lost above a certain critical temperature (Tc), which varies from one
material to another.
i. Show that the magnetic field is constant (∂B/∂t = 0), inside the perfect conductor.
ii. Show that the magnetic flux through a perfectly conducting loop is constant.
iii. Show that the current in a superconductor is confined to the surface.
iv. Suppose you had a sphere (radius a) of the superconducting material above its critical
temperature initially, and you held it in a uniform magnetic field B0 while cooling it
below Tc. Find the induced surface current density K, as a function of the polar angle θ.
Exercise 7
The magnetic field of an infinite straight wire carrying a steady current I can be obtained
from the displacement current term in the Ampère/Maxwell law as follows: Picture the
current as consisting of a uniform line charge λ mov ing along the z axis at speed v (so that I =
λv), with a tiny gap of length ε, which reaches the origin at time t = 0. In the next instant (up
to t = ε/v) there is no real current passing through a circular Amperian loop in the xy plane,
but there is a displacement current, due to the “missing” charge in the gap.
i. Use Coulomb’s law to calculate the z component of the electric field for points in the xy
plane, a distance s from the origin, due to a segment of wire with uniform density −λ
extending from z1 = vt − ε to z2 = vt
2
ii. Determine the flux of this electric field through a circle of radius a in the xy plane.
iii. Find the displacement current through this circle. Show that Id is equal to I, in the limit the
gap width (ε) going to zero.
Exercise 8
Calculate the power (energy per unit time) transported down the cables of Fig 7 and Fig 8,
assuming the two conductors (in each figure) are held at potential difference V and carry
current I (down one and back up the other).
Fig 7: A long coaxial cable carries current I (the current flows down the surface of
the inner cylinder and back along the outer cylinder)
Fig 8: Transmission line is constructed from two thin metal “ribbons,” of width
w and a very small distance h << w apart. The current travels down one strip and
back along the other. In each case, it spreads out uniformly over the surface of
the ribbon.
Exercise 9
Consider the charging capacitor as in figure below, where a fat wire, radius a, carries a
constant current I, uniformly distributed over its cross section. A narrow gap in the wire, of
width w<<a, forms a parallel-plate capacitor.
Fig 9
3
i. Find the electric and magnetic fields in the gap, as functions of the distance s from the
axis and time t . (Assume the charge is zero at t = 0)
ii. Find the energy density uem and the Poynting vector S in the gap.
iii. Determine the total energy in the gap, as a function of time. Calculate the total power
flowing into the gap by integrating the Poynting vector over the appropriate surface.
Check that the power input is equal to the rate of increase of energy in the gap.
Exercise 10
A circular wire loop of radius R carrying current I is placed in xy plane that is centered at
origin O. A square loop of side a (a << R) having two turns is placed with its center at z =
√3R along the axis of circular wire loop. The plane of the square loop makes an angle of
45° with respect to z-axis. Find the mutual- and self-inductances in the problem.
Fig 10

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PYL101: Electromagnetics & Quantum Mechanics

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