UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Academic Unit IV

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)

Biology For Engineers

22SZT148
By
Biology for Engineers
Dr. Devinder Kaur 1
DISCOVER . LEARN .
EMPOWER
 INTRODUCTION

Course Objective

• This subject is designed to impart

fundamental knowledge on basic of
genetics and emerging fields of biology
like biomedical recording system and
medical instrumentation.
• It is designed to impart knowledge that
how to apply basics of biology in
engineering.
https://www.uic.es/sites/default/files/uic-grau-
bioenginyeria-hero-header_1.jpg
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 INTRODUCTION
◦ Space for visual (size 24)
Course Outcome

CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Identify the biological concepts from an knowledge
engineering perspective.
CO2 Development of artificial systems mimicking Understand
human action.
CO3 Explain the basic of genetics that helps to Analyze
identify and formulate problems

CO4 Apply knowledge of measurement system, Apply Will be covered in this

biomedical recording system and biosensors to lecture
excel in areas such as entrepreneurship,
medicine, government, and education.
https://specials-
images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/1034901762/96
CO5 Integrate biological principles for developing Create
Biology for Engineers
next generation technologies,
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 SYLLABUS

Unit-1 Importance of Biology In Engineering Contact Hours: 15

Introduction: Fundamental Differences between Science and engineering by drawing a
Chapter 1 comparison between eye and camera, Bird flying and aircraft. Significance of Biology in
Engineering, Discuss how biological observations of 18th Century that lead to major
Significance of Biology discoveries, Examples from Brownian motion and the origin of thermodynamics by referring to
in Engineering the original observation of Robert and Julius Mayor.

Genetics: Mendel’s laws, Concept of segregation and independent assortment, concept of

Chapter 2 allele, gene mapping, Gene interaction, Epitasis, Meiosis and Mitosis as a part of genetics.
Mechanism of how genetic material passes from parent to offspring. Concepts of
Genetics
recessiveness and dominance. Concept of mapping of phenotype to Genes, single gene
disorders in humans, concept of complementation using human genetics.

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 COMPARISON
BETWEEN
BIRD FLYING AND
AIRCRAFT
6 Birds and aircraft are amazing
because of their common attribute,
flight

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7

Biology for Engineers https://i.ytimg.com/vi/hmN11jZd3bU/maxresdefault.jpg

8

Biology for Engineers

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/hmN11jZd3bU/maxresdefault.jpg
 Birds fly so effortlessly because of the adaptations that they
9
have
Birds have streamlined shapes so that when they are in flight the air
can flow on their surface smoothly
Birds have smooth and sometimes glossy surface. Birds groom their
feathers with their beaks to makes sure that their body is smooth as
they fly
Engineers used the shape of the birds as inspiration to model
the planes
Most airplanes have a streamlined shape so that they do not face air
resistance when they are in motion
Airplanes also have polished surfaces, and this prevents air resistance

Biology for Engineers

10 Similarities between birds and aircraft
 Humans must have gained the inspiration of flight from
birds, since birds were the only living creatures (putting
aside the insects) gifted with the skill of flight.
 The early days aircraft prototypes contained movable
wings as birds. We can be much inclined to this ‘bird
inspired airplane’ hypothesis even more enlisting
similarities between aircraft and birds.
 So here are some similarities between birds and aircraft.

Biology for Engineers

 Similarities between birds and aircraft
11
 The take off (lift)
Birds take off in various ways
Some birds run just before flight to create an air lift (upward
force), some flap their wings and some just jump off and glide.
The flapping of their wings to swipe the air below as well as their
speed during the run results the pressure below the birds to be
higher and that of above to be lower. So, this creates an air lift
which pushes the birds upward.
The similar kind of thing occur in an aircraft
In helicopter, the rotor pushes the air downwards as do wings in a
bird.
Also in airplane, the speed in the runway creates the pressure
difference, which is responsible for creating the lift enough for
flight. The structural design is actually more important for the lift.

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12
Similarities between birds and aircraft

 The shape and structure

 The structure of birds and aircraft is quite similar.
 Both have streamlined body structure which is
necessary for flight.
 The body is made up of light materials in case of
aircraft whereas birds have light bones and feathers in
their body.
 The wings make birds and aircraft even closer, as
both of them use wings for flight as well as the shape
of it.
 Also, the front part of aircraft is pointed as the front
part of bird (beak). This is responsible for creating
them more aerodynamic and helps in forward
movement by sweeping the air.
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13
Similarities between birds and aircraft
Flight techniques – Hovering and gliding
There are various flight techniques that aircraft
practice as the birds do. Both birds and winged
aircraft can glide in the air for a longer distance.
They can also use gliding as an energy efficient
mode. During gliding almost no energy is spent by
birds whereas the aircraft also use minimum of
energy.
Also the helicopters hover as different birds do.
The diving technique used by birds is also used in
airshows. Most of the flight techniques are
adopted from the observation of birds as human
Biology for Engineers strive to outwit birds in flying
14 Similarities between birds and aircraft
Movement in the air
Aircraft use different movable parts in their wings
and tails to maneuver or simply change direction
so as to direct the movement like rudder, elevator
and ailerons.
They control horizontal and vertical movement as
well as tilting. Likewise the tail of birds are
responsible for the maneuvers and the entire
movement since both parts of birds are completely
movable unlike aircraft.
Biology for Engineers
 Similarities between birds and aircraft
15
 Birds use a concept where they fly in a V shape when
they are in a flock. This mode of flying has enabled birds
to travel greater distances.
 The V formation aids in collaboration, because as each
bird flies, it adds more energy to the group, and they can
keep up many miles in flight.
 The birds keep changing positions and rotate their place
in the stack, and this helps them go for long distances
without tiring.
 There are some researchers from Stanford University
who utilized this trait and concluded that if jets use the
same trait, they can save on fuel.
 They purported that if jets fly in a V-shape and alternate
Biology for Engineers
their positions, they would manage to save their fuel up
to 15%.
16 Similarities between birds and aircraft
 Landing
 Aircraft and birds both gain or lose elevation with the
variation of the drag force that acts downward and the lift
force that acts upwards.
 The parts that control the movement are the things that
enable them to create such variation finally enabling them
to land as well as take off.
 Both of them take control during the landing process by
the use of their motion controllers.
 Birds usually generate a resistance by flapping their
wings while the aircraft move the ailerons, elevator and
apply brakes.
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17
Apart from these similarities, both are
different in terms of many other things.
Even we can sort many differences out in
those above similarities when we scrutinize
these two things more.
Aircraft have evolved much from where they
have started.
So, the early bird inspired aircraft were more
bird like than these modern evolved aircraft
that we observe today.
Biology for Engineers
18 APPLICATIONS

The study of biology for engineers will pave way

for advance studies in the bioengineering.

It will help in advance research area.

It will help in understanding different biological

processes.

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19 CONCLUSION
Biological engineering, or bioengineering/bio-
engineering, is the application of principles of
biology and the tools of engineering to create
usable, tangible, economically viable products.

We need biology to find solutions to challenges,

that face mankind.

Biology is used in different engineering branches

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20
BIO-INSPIRED TECHNOLOGIES

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 Biologically-inspired design (or BID) has become an important and
21 increasingly wide-spread movement in design for environmentally-
conscious sustainable development

Aircraft wing design and flight techniques are

being inspired by birds and bats.
Biorobots based on the physiology and methods of
locomotion of animals include BionicKangaroo
which moves like a kangaroo, saving energy from
one jump and transferring it to its next jump.
Techniques used in camera are inspired by human
eye.
Ant-Inspired Pheromone Sensors for Traffic Control.
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22
 Construction and architecture: Researchers studied the
termite's ability to maintain virtually constant
temperature and humidity in their termite mounds.
 Spider web silk is as strong as the Kevlar used in
bulletproof vests. Engineers could in principle use such a
material, if it could be reengineered to have a long
enough life, for parachute lines, suspension bridge
cables, artificial ligaments for medicine, and other
purposes.
 The dolphin shape used in shipbuilding.
 Suction nozzle of vacuum cleaner is inspired by
proboscis of flies.

Biology for Engineers

23 Summary
Biological engineering, or bioengineering/bio-
engineering, is the application of principles of
biology and the tools of engineering to create
usable, tangible, economically viable products.
We need biology to find the solutions of different
challenges face by the mankind.
There are many technologies in the history that
are inspired by biology.

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24 REFERENCES

 Video link: https://www.digimat.in/nptel/courses/video/121106008/L01.html

 https://youtu.be/ld3A065dELc
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/121/106/121106008/
 https://www.utoledo.edu/engineering/bioengineering/undergrad/prospective/whatisbioe.ht
ml#:~:text=Bioengineering%20is%20the%20application%20of,health%20care%20and%20
other%20fields.
 https://i.pinimg.com/originals/68/c9/30/68c930e95113ceb2e3dfc9de2f164680.png
 https://youtu.be/FBUpnG1G4yQ

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For queries
Email: devinder.e11172@cumail.in

Biology for Engineers