Welcome to

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Class

Ma’am Jen Gomez

Teacher
Citing Literature Sources
Using Standard Styles
 ● identify different ways of
Learning citing literature;
Objectives
● differentiate the different

At the end of the citation standard styles; and

lesson, you should
be able to do the ● cite related literature using
following:
standard styles

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 Modern
Language
Association

American
Psychological
Association

Chicago
CMOS Manual of
Style
 Purpose of Citing Literature Sources
● To give credit to other writers and
researchers
● To support evidence in the researcher’s
argument
● To easily locate sources about a
certain topic
Modern Language
Association

American Psychological
Association

Chicago Manual of Style or

CMOS
 Types of Citations
In-text citation Reference list
appears in-between the is usually found at the last
researcher’s writing part of a research paper
Parents are considered Kenny, Jeffrey and Medvide,
as one of the primary Jensen. Emerging
sources of social Adulthood: The Winding
support of adolescents Road of Adolescents. New
(Kenny & Medvide, York: Oxford University
2013). Press. 2004.
Remember

The two parts of citations are the

in-text citation and reference list.

Citations vary according to the style

guide (i.e., APA, MLA, or CMOS) used.

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APA
7th Edition It follows the author and year of
publishing format of in-text
Basic citation.
Rules

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Example of APA 7th Edition In-text Citation

A work by one author

The impact of climate change on the world's

ecosystems is a growing concern (Jones, 2021).

According to Jones (2021), the impact of climate

change on the world's ecosystems is a growing
concern.
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Example of APA 7th Edition In-text Citation

A work by two authors

The impact of climate change on the world's
ecosystems is a growing concern (Jones and
Garcia, 2021).

According to Jones and Garcia (2021), the impact

of climate change on the world's ecosystems is a
growing concern .
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Example of APA 7th Edition In-text Citation

A work by three or more authors

The impact of climate change on the world's
ecosystems is a growing concern (Jones et al.,
2021).

According to Jones et al. (2021), the impact of

climate change on the world's ecosystems is a
growing concern .
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 Book (one author)
Jones, M. (2021). Climate Change and Its Impact
on the Environment. Oxford University Press.
Book (two authors)
APA 7th Jones, M. & Smith, H. (2021). Climate Change and
Edition: Its Impact on the Environment. Oxford
References University Press.
Book (3 or more authors)

Write all the authors’ surnames and the initial of first

name, then follow the format of writing the book
title and the publication.
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Example of APA 7th Edition References

Journal Article
Garcia, G., & Reyes, K. (2012). Understanding
the struggles of Senior High School students
in the Philippines. Philippine Youth Journal,
1(2), 22-32.

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Example of APA 7th Edition References

Web sources
Mesina, Alex. (2018, January 9). Playing
Saxophone for Beginners. Young Musicians
Today, www.youngmusicians.com/playingsax

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MLA Style
MLA follows the author-page
Basic format of in-text citation.
Rules

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Example of MLA In-text Citation

A work by one author

The world is a book, and those who do not
travel read only a page (Johnson 27).

Johnson suggests that the world is a book,

and those who do not travel read only a page
(27).
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Example of MLA In-text Citation

A work by two authors

The world is a book, and those who do not travel
read only a page (Johnson and Cruz 27).

Johnson and Cruz suggest that the world is a

book, and those who do not travel read only a
page (27).
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Example of MLA In-text Citation

A work by three or more authors

The world is a book, and those who do not
travel read only a page (Johnson et al. 27).

Johnson et al. suggest that world is a book,

and those who do not travel read only a page
(27).
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 Book (one author)

Johnson, Samuel. A Journey to the Western

Islands of Scotland. Penguin Classics, 1984.
MLA 8th Book (two authors)
Edition: Johnson, Samuel and Cruz, Robbie. A Journey to
Works the Western Islands of Scotland. Penguin

Cited
Classics, 1984.
Book (3 or more authors)

Johnson, Samuel et al. A Journey to the Western

Islands of Scotland. Penguin Classics, 1984.
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Example of MLA 8th Edition: Works Cited

Journal Article
Garcia, Gabriella, et al. “Understanding the
Struggles of Senior High School Students in
the Philippines.” Philippine Youth Journal, vol.
1, no. 2, 2012, pp. 22-32.

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Example of MLA 8th Edition: Works Cited

Web Sources
Mesina, Alex. “Playing Saxophone for
Beginners.” Young Musicians Today, 9 January
2018, www.youngmusicians. com/playingsax.
Accessed 14 May 2020.

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Chicago The Chicago style in-text citation
Manual of comes in two formats:
Style
17th Edition notes and bibliography
Basic and
Rules author-date

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Example of CMOS notes and bibliography format

The study found that the use of technology in the

classroom had a positive effect on student
learning 1 .

1. John L. Davis and Karen W. Smith, Technology in the Classroom

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018), 140.
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Example of CMOS author-date in-text citation

The study found that the use of technology in

the classroom had a positive effect on
student learning (Davis and Smith 2018).

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 Book (one author)
Davis, John and Karen Smith. Technology in the
Chicago Classroom. Chicago, IL: University of
Manual of
Chicago Press, 2018.

Style 17th Book (two authors)

Davis, John and Karen Smith. Technology in the
Edition: Classroom. Chicago, IL: University of
Bibliography Chicago Press, 2018.

or Book (3 or more authors)

References Write all the authors’ surnames and their first name,
then follow the format of writing the book title,
place of publication, the publication, and year.
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Example of CMOS 17th Edition Reference or Bibliography

Journal Article
Garcia, Gabriella, and Kris Reyes. “Understanding
the Struggles of Senior High School Students
in the Philippines.” Philippine Youth Journal 1,
no. 2 (2012): 22-32.

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Example of CMOS 17th Edition Reference or Bibliography

Web Sources
Mesina, Alex. “Playing Saxophone for
Beginners.” Young Musicians Today, January
9, 2018. www.youngmusicians.com/
playingsax.

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Tip

Always make sure that the

sources found on the in-text
citation are also found on the
references list, and vice-versa.

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✓ Count the number of sources you
have cited in your paper and
compare it to the number of sources
listed in your reference list.

✓ Count the number of times you

repeat the same source and vary
sources to ensure your paper is
well-researched.
 APA MLA CMOS
In-text citation Author, Publication Author Page Author
format Year Publication Year

Reference list References

format (at the References Works Cited or
end of the paper) Bibliography

Examples: (Ramos, 2015) (Bautista 183) (Rodriguez 2015)

In-text C (Flores et. al (Ramos and
itation (Author/s) Ramos (2015) 150 – 158) Bautista 2000)

Example: Dela Cruz, R. (2001). Dela Cruz, Robbie. Dela Cruz, Robbie.
Introduction to
Reference List
Introduction to Introduction to
Research Methods. Research Methods. Research Methods.
ABC Publishing. ABC Publishing, 2001. London: ABC
Publishing, 2001.
In-text Citation:
The impact of climate change on the world's
ecosystems is a growing concern (Jones, 2021).

Source Citation:
Jones, M. (2021). Climate Change and Its Impact
on the Environment. Oxford University Press.
Group 1: APA In-text Citation and Reference

In-text Citation:
According to Orwell (2021), college students today face a variety of
mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and stress.
OR
College students today face a variety of mental health challenges,
including anxiety, depression, and stress (Orwell, 2021).

Reference:
Orwell, G. (2021). The Mental Health of College Students. Harcourt
Publishing House.
Group 2: MLA In-text Citation and Reference

In-text Citation:
As Orwell writes, college students today face a variety of mental
health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and stress (5).
OR
College students today face a variety of mental health
challenges, including anxiety, depression, and stress (Orwell 5).

Work Cited:
Orwell, George. The Mental Health of College Students. Hancourt
Publishing House, 2021.
Group 3: CMOS In-text Citation and Reference
In-text Citation:
College students today face a variety of mental health challenges, including anxiety,
depression, and stress (Orwell 2021).
OR
Orwell (2021) notes that college students today face a variety of mental health challenges,
including anxiety, depression, and stress
OR
Orwell notes that "college students today face a variety of mental health challenges,
including anxiety, depression, and stress.”1
1 GeorgeOrwell, The Mental Health of College Students (New York: Harcourt Publishing
House, 2021), 5.
Bibliography:
Orwell, George. The Mental Health of College Students. New York: Harcourt Publishing
House, 2021.
Group 4: APA In-text Citation and Reference

In-text Citation:
According to Smith et al. (2020), modern technology has transformed the
way we live, work, and communicate, but it also raises a number of
important social, ethical, and environmental issues.
OR
Modern technology has transformed the way we live, work, and
communicate, but it also raises a number of important social, ethical, and
environmental issues (Smith et al., 2020).

Reference:
Smith, J., Doe, J., Jonson, R. (2020). The Effects of Modern Technology
on Society. Cambridge University Press.
Group 5: MLA In-text Citation and Reference
In-text Citation:
As Smith et al. write, modern technology has transformed the
way we live, work, and communicate, but it also raises a number
of important social, ethical, and environmental issues (15).
OR
Modern technology has transformed the way we live, work, and
communicate, but it also raises a number of important social,
ethical, and environmental issues (Smith et al. 15).

Work Cited:
Smith, John, Doe, Jane, and Jonson, Ray. The Effects of Modern
Technology on Society. Cambridge University Press. 2020.
Citing literature using APA, MLA,
and CMOS has a wide range of
practical and real-life applications,
helping to establish credibility,
support arguments, and
acknowledge the work of
others.
 Wrap Up

Philosophy
Language Arts

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