A 6.1.1.1 SDA Report BASF Antwerpen R0

SDA-engineering GmbH
Kaiserstr. 100, TPH III D – 52134 Herzogenrath

SDA
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e-mail: info@sda-engineering.de web: www.sda-engineering.de
Report
Seismic hazard assessment and site specific ground motion

for B20, B50, B51 tank sites at BASF in Antwerp
Principal: BASF Antwerpen N.V.

Scheldelaan 600
B-2040 Antwerpen 4
Contractor: SDA-engineering GmbH

Kaiserstr. 100, TPH III
52134 Herzogenrath
Editor: Dr.-Ing. Timo Schmitt
Revision: R-0
Date: 06.05.2013
No.of pages: 48
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Contents
CODES AND REGULATIONS ...........................................................................4
PROVIDED DOCUMENTS ...............................................................................4
LITERATURE ..................................................................................................5
USED PROGRAMS .........................................................................................6
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................7
2. PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSEMENT ................................ 8

2.1 Background .................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Site location ................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Seismicity, source regions and model parameters........................................ 10
2.4 PSHA results................................................................................................. 13
2.5 Hazard deaggregation .................................................................................. 14
3. EVALUATION OF SITE EFFECTS AND FREE-FIELD RESPONSE SPECTRA17

3.1 Methodology ............................................................................................... 17
3.2 1D-soil profiles ............................................................................................. 17
3.3 Seismic input for linear-equivalent calculations ........................................... 17
3.4 Shear-stiffness reduction and damping ........................................................ 20
3.5 Results of linear-equivalent calculations ...................................................... 21
3.6 OBE level and SSE level spectra .................................................................... 24
4. EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE ................................... 26

4.1 Methodology ............................................................................................... 26
4.2 Liquefaction resistance for the site .............................................................. 29
5. SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 30
ANNEX A ..................................................................................................... 31
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ANNEX B ..................................................................................................... 37
ANNEX C ..................................................................................................... 42
ANNEX D ..................................................................................................... 43
ANNEX E ...................................................................................................... 46
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Codes and regulations

[1] EN 1998-1: Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules,
seismic actions and rules for buildings.
[2] EN 1998-5: Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 5: Foundations,
retaining structures and geotechnical aspects.
[3] EN 1997-1: Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules.
[4] EN 1997-2: Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing.
[5] EN 14620-1: Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel
tanks for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between
0 °C and -165 °C - Part 1: General.
[6] DIN 4094-2: Subsoil - Field testing - Part 2: Borehole dynamic probing, May 2003.
Provided documents
[7] PROCES VERBAAL BETREFFENDE DE RESULTATEN VAN DILATOMETERPROEVEN UITGEVOERD
TEN BEHOEVE VAN GRONDONDERKENNING TE BASF – ANTWERPEN IN OPDRACHT VAN DE
FIRMA FRANK N.V. – Dossier Nr. 9495/4392, 4 Bijlage, Advanced Soil Testing and Engineering
NV, Zwijnaarde, 30.11.1992.
[8] Aanduiding verschillen in diepsondering op BASF, V204302, 30.01.1998.
Tank B20:
[9] Statische Berechnung für einen 40 000 m3 NH3 - Tank, Pos. Nr. B20, Bau D30, Ingenieurbüro
Ernst Zellerer, März 1969, München.
[10] Ammoniaktank B20, Statische Berechnung unter Berücksichtigung der F-Setzungen bis 2010,
Ingenieurbüro Frese, 26.07.1995, Osnabrück.
[11] Statische Berechnung, Ammoniaktank B20, Berücksichtigung der wahrscheinlichen
Fundamentsetzungen bis zum Jahr 2010, Ingenieurbüro Frese, 26.07.1995, Osnabrück.
[12] Statische Berechnung, Ammoniaktank B20, Verstärkung des Außentanks durch Beulringsteifen,
Ingenieurbüro Frese, 10.03.1995, Osnabrück.
[13] Statische Berechnung, Ammoniaktank B20, Verstärkung des Innentanks durch eine
Beulringsteifen, Ingenieurbüro Frese, 10.03.1995, Osnabrück.
[14] Drucksondierungen BASF Antwerpen, Bau D30: D135, D136, D137, D153, D154, D155, Fugro,
April 1966 + Sondierungslageplan Nr. 20120925141123.
[15] Technical drawings: fb69001_2-uberzicht.tif, l24005_1.tif, r855_1.tif, stfb69146.tif,
wp941010_2.tif, wp941012_2.tif, wp941014_2 Bodem.tif, wp941015_2.tif, wp941016_2
Befestigung.tif, wp941024_1 Mantel.tif, wp941026_1.tif, wp941027_1 Windtr„ger.tif,
wp941028_1.tif, wp941029_1.tif, wp941030_1.tif, wp941031_2 Verankerung.tif,
wp941032_1.tif, wp941032_2.tif, wp941033_1.tif, wp941033_2.tif, wp941034_1
Dachbleche.tif, wp941035_1 Dachgesp„rre.tif, wp941036_1 Fundament.tif, wp941040_1.tif,
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wp950404_8.tif, wp950405_2.tif, wp950406_2.tif, wp950407_1.tif, wp950407_2.tif,

wp950407_4.tif, wp950408_4.tif, wp950411_2.tif, wp950525_1.tif, wp950822_2.tif,
wp960404_2.tif, wp970916_1.tif
Tank B50 / B51:
[16] Statische Berechnung, Ammoniaktank B50, Berücksichtigung der Fundamentsetzungen, BASF
Antwerpen N.V., 59 S., Ingenieurbüro Frese, 12.04.1995, Osnabrück.
[17] Statische Berechnung, Ammoniaktank B51, Berücksichtigung der Fundamentsetzungen, BASF
Antwerpen N.V., 59 S., Ingenieurbüro Frese, 12.04.1995, Osnabrück.
[18] Statische Berechnung für einen 2 x 15 000 m3 NH3 –Tank/Basant, 48 S., Ernst Zellerer,
München
[19] 2 x 15 000 m3 NH3 –Tanke für BASF Antwerpen N.V., Basant. - Aktennotiz über die Besprechung
am RIJKS INSTITUUT VOOR GROUNDMECHANIKA in Gent am 22.11.1956.
[20] Drucksondierungen BASF Antwerpen, Bau D50: D101B, D102B, D103, D104, D112, D113, D114,
D115, D131, D132, D133, D134, Fugro, April 1966 + Sondierungslageplan Nr. 20120907080251.
[21] Schnitt zum Fundament für 1500 m3 – Tank (NH3) im Tanklager D50, Zeichnung Nr. L 12619-8,
BASF AG, 13.06.1966.
[22] BASF Antwerpen, Tanklager Bau D50, Ringfundament für Tank B50 u. B51 Schalplan und
Bewehrung, Zeichnung Nr. 66080/1b, 01.06.1966.
[23] Technical drawings: 36847-4.pdf, fb26941_8.pdf, fb36846_4.pdf, fb48438_1.pdf,
fb48440_1.pdf, fb48441_1.pdf, fb48442_1.pdf, fb48443_1.pdf, fb56789_2.pdf, l12619_8.pdf
Literature
[24] Leynaud, D., Jongmans, D., Teerlynck, H., Camelbeeck, Th. (2000): Seismic Hazard Assessment
in Belgium. – Geologica Belgica, Vol. 3/1-2, 2000, p. 67 - 86.
[25] Richter, C.F. (1958): Elementary Seismology. – W. H. Freeman & Company, New York, 768 pp.
[26] Idriss, I. M. (1990): Response of Soft Soil Sites during Earthquakes. - Proceedings, Memorial
Symposium to honor Professor Harry Bolton Seed, Berkeley, California, Vol. II, May.
[27] Seed, H. B. and Idriss, I. M. (1970): Soil Moduli and Damping Factors for Dynamic Response
Analysis. - Report No. UCB/EERC-70/10, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of
California, Berkeley, December, 48p.
[28] Sun, J.I., Golesorkhi, R., and Seed, H.B. (1988). Dynamic moduli and damping ratios for
cohesive soils. - Report No. EERC-88/15, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University
of California, Berkeley.
[29] Youd, T. L. & Idriss, I. M. (1997): LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS: SUMMARY REPORT
FROM THE 1996 NCEER AND 1998 NCEER/NSF WORKSHOPS ON EVALUATION OF
LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS. - JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND
GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING / APRIL 2001.
[30] Cornell, C.A. (1968): Engineering seismic risk analysis. - Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 58(5), pp. 1583-
1606.
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Used Programs
HAZ V39: Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Program by Norm Abrahamson, San Francisco (USA)
DEEPSOIL V5.1: 1-D Wave Propagation Analysis Program for Geotechnical Site Response Analysis of
Deep Soil Deposits, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, 2012
SeisPRO: SDA-engineering GmbH, 2013
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1. Introduction
For the site of BASF in Antwerp a seismic hazard assessment is performed, calculating
response spectra for the OBE and SSE design earthquake. The OBE design earthquake has a
probability of exceedance of 10 % in 50 years (respectively a recurrence period of 475 years)
and the SSE design earthquake has a probability of exceedance of 1 % in 50 years
(respectively a recurrence period of 4975 years) according to EN 14620-1 [5].
The outputs of the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) are hazard curves and
response spectra for generalised soil classes. For the evaluation of site specific seismic loads
for the tanks B20, B50 and B51, soil dynamic calculations are performed with 1D-site-
profiles, taking into account local soil properties. The inputs for the soil dynamic calculations
are time histories, compatible to the response spectra out of the PSHA. Horizontal response
spectra are calculated for the free-field level and finally OBE and SSE seismic loads are
determined.
Finally, the liquefaction potential for the sites is evaluated according to EN 1998-5 [2].
All provided information about soil parameters, listed above, is assumed to be appropriate.
SDA-engineering is not responsible for the correctness of these parameters.
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2. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessement
2.1 Background
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) goes back to the theoretical work from
Cornell (1968) [30]. Part of this work is the total probability theorem, where the probability
that the expected earthquake parameter (e. g. maximum ground acceleration) at the site will
be reached or exceeded is dependent on earthquake strength, distance and the cumulative
distribution functions of these two characteristics. The basic model parameters of PSHA are:
Seismic source regions, earthquake statistics (frequency distribution and activity rate), upper
bound magnitude, earthquake depth distribution, ground motion prediction equations and
local soil conditions. Giving these parameters the PSHA program calculates hazard curves
and site response spectra for different recurrence intervals by summing up all contributions
from all source regions. The principle elements of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment
are shown in Figure 2.
2.2 Site location

Figure 1 shows the location of the tanks B20, B50 and B51. The geographical coordinates are
4.285° E and 51.362° N.
B50/51
B20
Figure 1: Location of the tanks B20, B50 and B51 at BASF Antwerp site; source: Google
maps.
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Figure 2: Principle elements of PSHA

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2.3 Seismicity, source regions and model parameters

Belgium is a country of low to medium seismicity. Several earthquakes with magnitudes
between 4.5 and 6.0 have been observed in and around Belgium since the year 1600. The
most severe known earthquakes with MS1 ≥ 5.0 that have affected Belgium are: North Sea
1382 (MS ≈ 6.0) and 1449 (MS ≈ 5.5) and 1560 (MS ≈ 6.0), Verviers 1692 (MS ≈ 6.0 - 6.5),
Düren (D) 1756 (MS ≈ 5.5), Oudenaarde 1938 (MS = 5.0) and Roermond (NL) 1992 (MS = 5.4)
[24]. The main seismic zones are the Roer Valley graben, the Liège area, the Hautes-Fagnes
area, the Hainaut zone and the Pas-de-Calais zone. Outside these zones, the seismicity is
distributed diffuse over a large area. Figure 3 shows the epicentral map of earthquakes in
Belgium.
Figure 3: Epicentral map of earthquakes in Belgium and boarder regions: Instrumental

seismicity (1911-1998) and large historical earthquakes (1350-1910), MS = surface wave
magnitude; [24].
For the seismic hazard map, in the framework of Eurocode 8, Leynaud et al. (2000) [24]
defined seismic source regions according to seismicity and under consideration of geological
and geophysical data. Two seismic source zone models have been developed which are
shown in Figure 4.
1
MS = surface wave magnitude
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Figure 4: Seismic source zones for Belgium [24]: Model A with large zone SLZ and refined
zonation Model B.
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The frequency distribution of earthquakes can be calculated according to Gutenberg &

Richter [25] by
log10 N = a - b · M
with: N = no. of earthquakes
M = magnitude
a / b = regression parameters
and the annual frequency distribution of a certain magnitude to
 = 10 a – b M / observation period.
For each of the seismic source zones (Figure 4) Leynaud et al. (2000) [24] calculated the
regression parameters of the frequency distribution of earthquakes and evaluated a
maximum magnitude as well as a seismogenic depth. The parameters are given in Table 1,
together with the maximum observed magnitude for each region.
Table 1: Parameter for seismic source zones in Belgium, [24]
The probabilistic model for the BASF Antwerp site is build up with the seismic source zones
shown in Figure 4 and the assigned parameters in Table 1. For the hazard calculations, the
large zone SLZ (in Model A) is weighted with 50 % as well as the refined zonation within SLZ
(Zones 6-9 in Model B). These parameters were used for the calculation of the Belgium
Eurocode 8 seismic hazard maps.
Ground motion prediction equations (GMPE) are needed to calculate the vibration
attenuation from the earthquake source to the site. Three different GMPE with equal
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weights (1/3 each) are selected for the model to calculate the accelerations at the site. The
GMPE are: Abrahamson & Silva (1997), Spudich et al. (1997) and Sadigh et al. (1997).
According to the local soil conditions, the equations for soft soil are applied. Typically, in
PSHA a lower bound magnitude is taken into account, below that level no damage is
expected. In the model, the lower bound magnitude is set to M W2 = 4.0.
2.4 PSHA results

The probability of exceedance is calculated for discrete horizontal acceleration levels (0.001
g, 0.003 g, 0.006 g, 0.01 g, 0.02 g, 0.06 g, 0.12 g, 0.16 g and 0.2 g) and for different spectral
frequencies (33 Hz, 13.3 Hz, 10 Hz, 6.7 Hz, 5 Hz, 3.3 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 1 Hz and 0.5 Hz). The mean
values from the GMPE are calculated, however the GMPE from Spudich et al. (1997) does
not provide values for 33 Hz and 13.3 Hz and the GMPE from Sadigh et al. (1997) not for 33
Hz. The hazard curves for the site and for different spectral frequencies are shown in Annex
A. The corresponding horizontal response spectra for the OBE level (recurrence period R =
475 a) and the SSE level (recurrence period R = 4975 a) are shown in Figure 5.
PSHA BASF Antwerp

0.5
0.2
spectral acceleration (g)
0.1
0.05
0.02 1 % in 50 a (R = 4975 a)
10 % in 50 a (R = 475 a)
0.5 1 10 50
frequency (Hz)
Figure 5: Horizontal, elastic response spectra for 5 % damping and soft soil for BASF
Antwerp site, OBE level (recurrence period R = 475 a) and SSE level (R = 4975 a).
2
MW = moment magnitude
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2.5 Hazard deaggregation

The contribution of magnitudes from earthquakes in different distances to the total hazard
can be shown by a deaggregation analysis. The results of the deaggregation of the hazard for
a PGA of 0.06 g is shown in Figure 6 and for a PGA of 0.12 g in Figure 7. The selected
magnitude and distance bins for the evaluation of the hazard contribution are listed in Table
2 and Table 3.
Table 2: Hazard deaggregation for 0.06 g PGA (Figure 6)
hazard
4.0 < M ≤ 4.5 4.5 < M ≤ 5.0 5.0 < M ≤ 5.5 5.5 < M ≤ 6.0 6.0 < M ≤ 6.7
contribution (%)
0 – 10 km 3.01E-02 1.51E-01 4.69E-03 0 0
10 – 25 km 1.59E-02 1.44E-01 3.87E-02 0 0
25 – 50 km 7.29E-03 9.85E-02 6.36E-02 9.07E-03 0
50 – 100 km 8.45E-04 1.40E-02 1.33E-02 6.69E-02 1.60E-04
100 – 200 km 0 0 0 2.56E-01 8.54E-02
For PGA = 0.06 g (Figure 6) the main contribution to the hazard comes from medium size
earthquakes with MW < 5.5 at relatively short distances between 10 km and 25 km and from
larger earthquakes with MW > 5.5 at distances of more than 25 km. For PGA = 0.12 g (Figure
7) the hazard is caused mainly by moderate earthquakes at short distances.
Table 3: Hazard deaggregation for 0.12 g PGA (Figure 7)
hazard
4.0 < M ≤ 4.5 4.5 < M ≤ 5.0 5.0 < M ≤ 5.5 5.5 < M ≤ 6.0 6.0 < M ≤ 6.7
contribution (%)
0 – 10 km 8.59E-02 1.08E-01 0 0 0
10 – 25 km 6.80E-02 2.47E-01 1.40E-03 0 0
25 – 50 km 4.18E-02 2.88E-01 3.28E-02 0 0
50 – 100 km 5.73E-03 5.18E-02 1.27E-02 3.90E-05 0
100 – 200 km 0 0 0 5.71E-02 0
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Figure 6: Contribution of magnitudes and distances to the total seismic hazard for a peak
ground acceleration of 0.06 g (for GMPE Abrahamson & Silva, 1997); MW = moment
magnitude ≈ MS
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Figure 7: Contribution of magnitudes and distances to the total seismic hazard for a peak
ground acceleration of 0.12 g (for GMPE Abrahamson & Silva, 1997); MW = moment
magnitude ≈ MS
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3. Evaluation of site effects and free-field response spectra
3.1 Methodology
The horizontal response spectra for OBE and SSE for BASF Antwerp site, presented in
subchapter 2.4, are calculated for general soft soil sites with shear wave velocities around
300 m/s. In order to evaluate local site effects, linear-equivalent soil dynamic calculations
are performed for the sites of the tanks B20, B50 and B51. Therefore, representative 1D-site
profiles are developed according to the local soil parameters.
The thickness of the layers, density and shear wave velocity is used for the linear-equivalent
calculations. The calculations are done in the frequency domain, regarding frequency
dependant damping. The seismic inputs at the basis of the 1D-models are synthetic time
histories. These are generated compatible to the OBE respectively the SSE response
spectrum.
3.2 1D-soil profiles

The input soil parameters for each layer for the linear-equivalent calculations are: thickness,
shear wave velocity (vs) and density. These parameters are assessed from the probing tests
[14], [20] and the report [7]. From six probing tests close to the tanks B20, B50 and B51 –
which are D132, D133, D102B, D136, D153, D155 – layer thickness and cone pressure values
were taken stepwise versus depth. In order to estimate shear wave velocities, first N30 blow
count values were calculated according to the empirical relation in DIN 4094-2 [6]. In a
second step vs values were determined from the N30 values in accordance to EN 1998-1 [1]
soil classification. The density values were estimated according to the report [7]. All
parameters and soil profiles are given in Annex B.
3.3 Seismic input for linear-equivalent calculations

For the seismic input at the model basis (halfspace) in depths between 15.5 m and 19.0 m
(see Annex B) acceleration time histories are needed. Synthetic time histories are generated
in compliance with the OBE and the SSE response spectrum (Figure 5). Before the generation
of the time histories, the response spectra were smoothed. The generated acceleration time
histories are shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9. The duration of the time histories is 10 s.
To control the compliance of the generated time histories, their response spectra are
calculated and plotted together with the OBE and the SSE spectrum in Figure 10. The
response spectra of the time histories fit very well to the target spectra.
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time history for OBE (R = 475 a)

0.50
0.25
acceleration (g)
-0.25
-0.50
0 2 4 6 8 10
time (s)
Figure 8: Synthetic acceleration time history for OBE level
time history for SSE (R = 4975 a)

1.0
0.5
acceleration (g)
-0.5
-1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time (s)
Figure 9: Synthetic acceleration time history for SSE level

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PSHA BASF Antwerp

0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02 1 % in 50 a (R = 4975 a)
10 % in 50 a (R = 475 a)
0.5 1 10 50
frequency (Hz)
Figure 10: OBE (R = 475 a) and SSE (R = 4975 a) horizontal response spectra from Figure 5,
smoothed OBE and SSE spectra (solid lines with marks) and control response spectra
calculated from the synthetic time histories in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
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3.4 Shear-stiffness reduction and damping

For shear-stiffness reduction and damping curves the modulus for clay (Sun et al. 1988)
upper range and damping for clay (Idriss 1990) (Figure 11) and modulus for sand (Seed &
Idriss 1970) mean and damping for sand (Idriss 1990) are used (Figure 12). The assigned soil
types (clay or sand) to each layer are listed in Table B.1 to Table B.6 in Annex B.
Figure 11: Modulus for clay (Sun et al. 1988) upper range and damping for clay (Idriss 1990)
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Figure 12: Modulus for sand (Seed & Idriss 1970) mean and damping for sand (Idriss 1990)
3.5 Results of linear-equivalent calculations

For each of the six soil profiles given in Annex B free-field spectra are calculated for the OBE
and the SSE level, using the acceleration time histories in Figure 8 and Figure 9 as seismic
loading at the model basis. The resulting response spectra for the OBE level are plotted in
Figure 13 and for the SSE level in Figure 14. The bold black solid line represents the mean
spectrum from all variations. In both figures a site amplification effect at about 2.5 Hz can be
observed. This amplification is cause by the impedance contrast at about 10 m depth, where
the shear wave velocity increases significantly. A second amplification can be seen around 9
Hz.
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The maximum calculated ground acceleration versus depth for each of the profiles and for
the SSE level earthquake (R = 4975 a) is shown in Annex C. These values are used later for
the calculation of the liquefaction resistance.
50
OBE free-field response spectra, R = 475a
10
frequency (Hz)
1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
Figure 13: Tank site B20, B50, B51: Free-field, elastic, horizontal response spectra (5 %
damping) for OBE level from linear-equivalent soil dynamic calculations; dashed lines:
results from the different 1D-soil profiles (Annex B), bold solid line: mean spectrum of all
results.
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50
SSE free-field response spectra, R = 4975a
10
frequency (Hz)
1
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
Figure 14: Tank site B20, B50, B51: Free-field, elastic, horizontal response spectra (5 %
damping) for SSE level from linear-equivalent soil dynamic calculations; dashed lines:
results from the different 1D-soil profiles (Annex B), bold solid line: mean spectrum of all
results.
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3.6 OBE level and SSE level spectra

For design the mean spectra from Figure 13 and Figure 14 need to be smoothed. Figure 15
and Figure 16 show the final smoothed elastic, horizontal response spectra for 5 % damping.
Large images of the OBE and the SSE response spectrum are shown in Annex D (Figure D.1
and Figure D.2). The corresponding corner values of the spectra are given in Table D.1 and
D.2 of Annex D. Intermediate values can be interpolated logarithmic.
OBE elastic free-field response spectrum, R = 475a
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.5 1 10 50
frequency (Hz)
Figure 15: Tank site B20, B50, B51: Free-field elastic horizontal response spectrum for OBE
level; dashed line: mean spectrum from Figure 13, solid line: smoothed response spectrum
for design (corner values see Table D.1 in Annex D)
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SSE elastic horizontal free-field response spectrum, R = 4975a

0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.5 1 10 50
frequency (Hz)
Figure 16: Tank site B20, B50, B51: Free-field elastic horizontal response spectrum for SSE
level; dashed line: mean spectrum from Figure 14, solid line: smoothed response spectrum
for design (corner values see Table D.2 in Annex D)
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4. Evaluation of liquefaction resistance
4.1 Methodology
The liquefaction resistance of soils can be evaluated by empirical diagrams using in-situ test
data. Primary probing data from standard penetration tests (SPT) or cone penetration tests
(CPT) are used. Other diagrams for relative density ID and some for shear wave velocity are
available.
For the site of the tanks B20, B50 and B51, CPT profiles are available ([14], [20]). Therefore
the liquefaction resistance is assessed using CPT data. A primary advantage of the CPT is the
nearly continuous profile of penetration resistance, and that the CPT results are generally
more consistent and repeatable than results from other penetration tests. In EN 1998-5
Annex B [2], empirical diagrams for liquefaction assessment are only given for SPT data.
According to paragraph B.3 in EN 1998-5 [2], diagrams for CPT should be preferred instead of
empirical correlations between SPT and CPT data.
Figure 17 shows the empirical diagram for liquefaction resistance based on CPT data. The
curve shows cyclic stress ratio (CSR) over CPT resistance and separates liquefaction (area
above the curve) from no liquefaction (area below the curve). The cyclic stress ratio (CSR) is
calculated by
where
’av = shear stress
amax = maximum ground acceleration (within the layer, see Annex C)
g = gravity acceleration
’vo = effective overburden pressure
v0 = total overburden pressure
rd = depth reduction factor (see Figure 19)
The reduction factor rd depends on depth and is shown in Figure 19. Mean values are used.
In Figure 17 corrected CPT data (qc1N) is used. The raw CPT values (qc) have to be corrected
according to the formula
where
Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
and
Pa = 1 atm or 96 kPa
 n = 0.5 - 1.0, varies with soil type (here: 0.75 assumed).
The curve in Figure 17 represents sand with fine fraction < 5 %. Sands with higher fine
fraction contents are less liquefiable. Conservatively the curve for 5 % is used.
Figure 17: Curve recommended for the calculation of CSR from CPT Data along with
empirical liquefaction data from compiled case histories; [29].
Furthermore the curve in Figure 17 is given for a M = 7.5 earthquake. For other magnitudes a
magnitude scaling factor (MSF) can be applied. Different scaling factors are shown in Figure
18. For Antwerp site, the maximum estimated magnitude within the site source zone SLZ is
M = MS ≈ MW = 5.5 (see Table 1). For this magnitude the smallest MSF is 1.43 (Figure 18).
This value conservatively is applied for the liquefaction assessment.
Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
Figure 18: Magnitude scaling factors derived by various investigators; [29]
Figure 19: Reduction factor rd versus depth, [29]

Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
4.2 Liquefaction resistance for the site

In the following, for each of the six site profiles given in Annex B the cyclic stress ratio CSR
and the corrected CPT tip resistance is calculated for each layer. The acceleration amax for
each layer is obtained from the soil dynamic calculations, shown in Annex C. In the
geotechnical report [7], the water level was found in a depth of 3 m below surface. For the
CSR calculation it is assumed, that ground water level is located below the first layer in each
profile (depth between 1.75 m and 3.0 m). For conservatism the tank load is neglected,
leading to higher CSR values.
All calculated CSR and CPT values for each profile and each layer are listed in Annex E. The
two most unfavourable CSR / CPT combinations are plotted in Figure 20. The two points lie
at the low end of the curve. This is mainly due to the moderate maximum accelerations (PGA
< 0.08 g) for the SSE level earthquake (R = 4975 a). Although, the two controlling points for
the liquefaction resistance in Figure 20 lie out of the range of the empirical data, liquefaction
is not likely to occur, because of the very moderate accelerations within the soil layers.
Figure 20: Liquefaction resistance for the tank sites B20, B50 and B51; stars: two most
unfavourable CSR / CPT combinations among all layers and evaluated profiles (Annex E).
Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
5. Summary
In this report, a probabilistic seismic hazard study were performed for BASF Antwerp site.
For the determination of the site specific seismic impact at the tanks B20, B50 and B51, soil
dynamic calculations were performed using local soil properties. Free-field elastic horizontal
response spectra for 5 % damping were calculated for the OBE level and the SSE level
according to EN 14620-1 [5]. The spectra are shown in Annex D (Figure D.1 and Figure D.2).
The corresponding corner values of the spectra are given in Table D.1 and D2 of Annex D.
Intermediate values can be interpolated logarithmic.
For the application of the response spectra (Annex D) for design, the following notes have to
be taken into account:
- The spectra are site specific for the location of the tanks B20, B50 and B51
- The spectra represent free field conditions
- The spectra are calculated 5 % damping
- The response spectra are elastic (q = 1.0). For different q values the spectra may be
transformed to other q values according to EN 1998-1, 3.2.2.5 [1]
- The spectra represent the horizontal component. The vertical component may be
taken as 50 % of the horizontal component.
The liquefaction resistance for the tank sites were evaluated according to the
recommendations in EN 1998-5 [2] and [29]. The results listed in Annex E and shown in
Figure 20 are out of the range of empirical data. This is mainly due to the very moderate
accelerations within the soil layers, calculated by a probabilistic seismic hazard study for the
SSE level earthquake in combination with site specific soil dynamic calculations. Based on the
results of the liquefaction resistance and taking into account the conservative assumtions
that were made, liquefaction at the site is not likely to occur.
Herzogenrath, 06.05.2013
_____________
Dr.-Ing. T. Schmitt
Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
ANNEX A
Hazard curves for BASF Antwerp site for soft soil and different spectral frequencies (Figure
A.1 to A.10), values are given in Table A.1.
Table A.1: Probability of exceedance for different horizontal acceleration levels and
frequencies for BASF Antwerp site
acceleration (g)
0.001 0.003 0.006 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.2
PGA 2.08E-01 1.34E-01 7.57E-02 3.51E-02 6.52E-03 2.70E-04 3.91E-05 1.55E-05 6.71E-06
33 Hz 2.08E-01 1.04E-01 4.40E-02 1.92E-02 5.20E-03 3.42E-04 4.32E-05 1.71E-05 7.65E-06
13.3 Hz 2.29E-01 1.61E-01 9.19E-02 4.84E-02 1.44E-02 1.18E-03 1.98E-04 9.46E-05 5.20E-05
10 Hz 2.35E-01 1.72E-01 1.01E-01 5.46E-02 1.74E-02 1.52E-03 2.41E-04 1.11E-04 6.14E-05
6.7 Hz 2.34E-01 1.80E-01 1.13E-01 6.44E-02 2.21E-02 2.26E-03 3.57E-04 1.54E-04 7.90E-05
5 Hz 2.32E-01 1.76E-01 1.13E-01 6.61E-02 2.36E-02 2.56E-03 4.15E-04 1.75E-04 8.70E-05
3.3 Hz 2.24E-01 1.59E-01 9.78E-02 5.64E-02 2.00E-02 2.20E-03 3.54E-04 1.43E-04 6.66E-05
2.5 Hz 2.10E-01 1.36E-01 7.91E-02 4.39E-02 1.49E-02 1.57E-03 2.40E-04 9.25E-05 4.07E-05
1 Hz 1.20E-01 5.21E-02 2.26E-02 1.01E-02 2.84E-03 2.41E-04 2.34E-05 6.36E-06 1.97E-06
0.5 Hz 5.31E-02 1.57E-02 5.57E-03 2.42E-03 6.70E-04 3.73E-05 1.40E-06 1.93E-07 4.28E-08
peak ground acceleration (PGA)

0
10
annual probability of exceedance
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)
Figure A.1: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for peak ground acceleration (PGA)
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spectral acceleration at 33 Hz
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)
Figure A.2: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 33 Hz
spectral acceleration at 13.3 Hz

0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)
Figure A.3: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 13.3 Hz

Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)
Figure A.4: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 10 Hz

0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)

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0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)

0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)

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0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)

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0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
0.001 0.01 0.1
acceleration (g)

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Annex B
1D-soil profiles for linear-quivalent calculations (Table B.1 to B.6)
N30: probing blow counts, calculated from cone pressure according to DIN 4049-2 [6];
vs30 (EC 8): shear wave velocity, estimated from N30 values according to EN 1998-1 [1] ground
classes
Table B.1: Soil profile for D132 probing location
profile 1 (D132)
mean thickness cone pressure vs30 (EC 8) density
depth (m) (m) (MN/m2) N30 (m/s) (KN/m3) type
1.50 3.00 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
3.50 1.00 0.70 1.00 100 17 clay
5.50 3.00 2.50 3.57 100 17 clay
8.00 2.00 1.20 1.71 100 17 clay
9.50 1.00 7.00 10.00 150 19 sand
10.75 1.50 27.00 38.57 300 19 sand
11.75 0.50 18.00 25.71 235 19 sand
12.50 1.00 27.00 38.57 300 19 sand
14.25 2.50 17.00 24.29 225 19 sand
28.00 40.00 310 19 sand
profile 2 (D113)
1.50 3.00 4.00 5.71 150 19 sand
3.50 1.00 0.70 1.00 100 17 clay
4.50 1.00 4.00 5.71 150 19 sand
5.50 1.00 0.70 1.00 100 17 clay
6.25 0.50 3.00 4.29 150 19 sand
8.00 3.00 0.80 1.14 100 17 clay
9.75 0.50 18.00 25.71 235 19 sand
10.25 0.50 28.00 40.00 310 19 sand
10.88 0.75 18.00 25.71 235 19 sand
11.75 1.00 27.00 38.57 300 19 sand
13.00 1.50 25.00 35.71 290 19 sand
15.25 3.00 20.00 28.57 250 19 sand
12.25 1.00 24.00 34.29 275 19 sand
18.38 1.25 7.00 10.00 150 19 sand
27.00 38.57 300 19 sand
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Table B.3: Soil profile for D102B probing location

profile 3 (D102B)
1.50 3.00 4.00 5.71 150 19 sand
3.50 1.00 1.20 1.71 100 17 clay
4.38 0.75 7.00 10.00 150 19 sand
7.00 4.50 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
9.75 1.00 36.00 51.43 365 19 sand
11.00 1.50 23.00 32.86 270 19 sand
12.50 1.50 18.00 25.71 235 19 sand
14.50 2.50 20.00 28.57 250 19 sand
16.25 1.00 14.00 20.00 205 19 sand
30.00 42.86 325 19 sand

profile 4 (D136)
1.00 2.00 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
2.38 0.75 3.50 5.00 150 19 sand
3.13 0.75 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
4.00 1.00 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
4.75 0.50 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
5.75 1.50 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
6.88 0.75 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
8.25 2.00 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
10.00 1.50 50.00 71.43 470 19 sand
11.25 1.00 30.00 42.86 325 19 sand
12.25 1.00 25.00 35.71 285 19 sand
13.50 1.50 17.00 24.29 230 19 sand
11.75 2.00 27.00 38.57 300 19 sand
16.88 1.25 22.00 31.43 260 19 sand
17.88 0.75 17.00 24.29 225 19 sand
25.00 35.71 285 19 sand
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profile 5 (D153)
0.88 1.75 8.00 11.43 150 19 sand
2.13 0.75 3.50 5.00 150 19 sand
2.88 0.75 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
3.75 1.00 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
4.50 0.50 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
5.50 1.50 3.50 5.00 150 19 sand
7.75 3.00 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
10.00 1.50 32.00 45.71 340 19 sand
11.50 1.50 27.00 38.57 300 19 sand
13.13 1.75 17.00 24.29 230 19 sand
15.00 2.00 23.00 32.86 270 19 sand
16.50 1.00 28.50 40.71 310 19 sand
14.25 1.00 19.00 27.14 242 19 sand
33.00 47.14 345 19 sand

profile 6 (D155)
2.75 1.38 5.00 7.14 150 19 sand
4.25 3.50 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
4.75 4.50 6.00 8.57 150 19 sand
6.75 5.75 4.00 5.71 150 19 sand
8.75 7.75 1.00 1.43 100 17 clay
10.50 9.63 43.00 61.43 420 19 sand
12.00 11.25 30.00 42.86 320 19 sand
13.50 12.75 21.00 30.00 255 19 sand
16.25 14.88 28.00 40.00 310 19 sand
17.50 16.88 22.50 32.14 270 19 sand
29.00 41.43 315 19 sand
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Shear wave velocity profiles for 1D linear-quivalent calculations (Figure B.1 to B.3), values
see (Table B.1 to B.6)
Figure B.1: Shear wave velocity profiles for D132 and D113
Figure B.2: Shear wave velocity profiles for D102B and D136
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Figure B.3: Shear wave velocity profiles for D153 and D155
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Annex C
Results of 1D linear-quivalent calculations: Maximum acceleration (PGA) versus depth for SSE
level earthquake (R = 4975 a)
Figure C.1: left: profile 1 (D132), right: profile 2 (D113)
Figure C.2: left: profile 3 (D102B), right: profile 4 (D136)
Figure C.3: left: profile 5 (D153), right: profile 6 (D155)

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Annex D
Tank sites B20, B50, B51: Final OBE and SSE site specific free-field elastic horizontal response
spectra for 5 % damping (Figure D.1 and D.2), corresponding corner values are given in Table
D.1 and D.2.
50
OBE elastic horizontal free-field response spectrum, R = 475a
10
frequency (Hz)
1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
Figure D.1: Tank B20, B50, B51: OBE level free-field elastic horizontal response spectra for
5 % damping, values are given in Table D.1.
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50
SSE elastic horizontal free-field response spectrum, R = 4975a
10
frequency (Hz)
1
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
Figure D.2: Tank B20, B50, B51: SSE level free-field elastic horizontal response spectra for 5
% damping, values are given in Table D.2
Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
Table D.1: Tank B20, B50, B51: Corner values of OBE level free-field elastic horizontal
response spectra for 5 % damping from Figure D.1 (indermediate values can be scaled
logarithmic)
frequency (Hz) 0.5 2.2 3.3 4.5 9.0 ≥ 12.0
acceleration (g) 0.015 0.120 0.120 0.080 0.080 0.052
Table D.2: Tank B20, B50, B51: Corner values of SSE level free-field elastic horizontal
response spectra for 5 % damping from Figure D.2 (indermediate values can be scaled
logarithmic)
frequency (Hz) 0.5 2.2 3.0 5.5 8.5 11 20 ≥ 30.0
acceleration (g) 0.055 0.270 0.270 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.100 0.080
For the application for design, the following notes have to be taken into account:
- The spectra are site specific for the location of the tanks B20, B50 and B51
- The spectra represent free field conditions
- The spectra are calculated 5 % damping
- The response spectra are elastic (q = 1.0). For different q values the spectra may be
transformed to other q values according to EN 1998-1, 3.2.2.5 [1]
- The spectra represent the horizontal component. The vertical component may be
taken as 50 % of the horizontal component.
Fon +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 739 Fax +49 - (0) 24 07 – 50 94 077 SDA
Annex E
Evaluation of liquefaction resistance for the site profiles, calculated CSR and CPT values
according to the procedure described in chapter 4.
Table E.1: Calculation of magnitude corrected CSR and corrected CPT (qc1N) for site profile 1
profile 1 (D132)
qc (KPa) CQ qc1N ' v0 (KPa) u (kPa) rd CSR CSRM,korr a (g) 0.65 a (g)
6000.0 2.4864 155 28.5 0.0 0.99 0.0476 0.0333 0.0740 0.0481
700.0 1.3797 10 62.5 5.0 0.98 0.0469 0.0328 0.0684 0.0444
2500.0 1.1004 29 84.5 25.0 0.96 0.0517 0.0361 0.0638 0.0415
1200.0 0.8908 11 112.0 50.0 0.94 0.0518 0.0362 0.0588 0.0382
7000.0 0.8036 59 128.5 65.0 0.91 0.0493 0.0345 0.0551 0.0358
27000.0 0.7446 209 142.3 77.5 0.89 0.0472 0.0330 0.0529 0.0344
18000.0 0.7041 132 153.3 87.5 0.86 0.0457 0.0319 0.0518 0.0337
27000.0 0.6770 190 161.5 95.0 0.84 0.0429 0.0300 0.0494 0.0321
17000.0 0.6221 110 180.8 112.5 0.79
profile 2 (D113)
4000.0 2.4864 104 28.5 0.00 0.99 0.0444 0.0311 0.0690 0.0448
700.0 1.3797 10 62.5 5.00 0.98 0.0443 0.0310 0.0647 0.0420
4000.0 1.2218 51 73.5 15.00 0.97 0.0492 0.0344 0.0648 0.0421
700.0 1.1004 8 84.5 25.00 0.96 0.0521 0.0364 0.0643 0.0418
3000.0 1.0262 32 92.8 32.50 0.96 0.0529 0.0370 0.0631 0.0410
800.0 0.8908 7 112.0 50.00 0.94 0.0504 0.0352 0.0571 0.0371
18000.0 0.7909 148 131.3 67.50 0.91 0.0462 0.0323 0.0516 0.0335
28000.0 0.7669 224 136.8 72.50 0.90 0.0461 0.0322 0.0515 0.0335
18000.0 0.7392 139 143.6 78.75 0.89 0.0457 0.0320 0.0513 0.0333
27000.0 0.7041 198 153.3 87.50 0.86 0.0440 0.0308 0.0500 0.0325
25000.0 0.6602 172 167.0 100.00 0.83 0.0411 0.0287 0.0478 0.0311
20000.0 0.5952 124 191.8 122.50 0.75 0.0350 0.0245 0.0437 0.0284
24000.0 0.6858 171 158.8 92.50 0.85 0.0361 0.0252 0.0413 0.0268
7000.0 0.5259 38 226.1 153.75 0.66
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profile 3 (D102B)
4000.0 2.4864 104 28.5 0.00 0.99 0.0481 0.0336 0.0747 0.0485
1200.0 1.3797 17 62.5 5.00 0.98 0.0467 0.0327 0.0682 0.0443
7000.0 1.2392 90 72.1 13.75 0.97 0.0497 0.0348 0.0662 0.0430
1000.0 0.9626 10 101.0 40.00 0.95 0.0527 0.0369 0.0612 0.0398
36000.0 0.7909 297 131.3 67.50 0.91 0.0494 0.0346 0.0552 0.0359
23000.0 0.7340 176 145.0 80.00 0.88 0.0489 0.0342 0.0550 0.0357
18000.0 0.6770 127 161.5 95.00 0.84 0.0450 0.0314 0.0517 0.0336
20000.0 0.6151 128 183.5 115.00 0.78 0.0369 0.0258 0.0449 0.0292
14000.0 0.5708 83 202.8 132.50 0.72
profile 4 (D136)
6000.0 3.3701 211 19.0 0.00 0.99 0.0491 0.0343 0.0760 0.0494
3500.0 1.8548 68 42.1 3.75 0.98 0.0502 0.0351 0.0721 0.0468
6000.0 1.6220 101 50.4 11.25 0.98 0.0533 0.0372 0.0684 0.0445
1000.0 1.4226 15 60.0 20.00 0.97 0.0548 0.0383 0.0650 0.0423
6000.0 1.2916 81 68.3 27.50 0.97 0.0562 0.0393 0.0637 0.0414
1000.0 1.1547 12 79.3 37.50 0.96 0.0583 0.0408 0.0635 0.0413
6000.0 1.0356 65 91.6 48.75 0.95 0.0576 0.0403 0.0609 0.0396
1000.0 0.9235 10 106.8 62.50 0.93 0.0537 0.0375 0.0558 0.0362
50000.0 0.8155 425 126.0 80.00 0.90 0.0498 0.0348 0.0518 0.0337
30000.0 0.7546 236 139.8 92.50 0.88 0.0494 0.0345 0.0522 0.0339
25000.0 0.7129 186 150.8 102.50 0.85 0.0483 0.0338 0.0520 0.0338
17000.0 0.6677 118 164.5 115.00 0.81 0.0425 0.0297 0.0474 0.0308
27000.0 0.7330 206 145.3 97.50 0.86 0.0391 0.0274 0.0417 0.0271
22000.0 0.5732 131 201.6 148.75 0.70 0.0317 0.0222 0.0401 0.0261
17000.0 0.5508 98 212.6 158.75 0.67
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profile 5 (D153)
8000.0 3.7251 310 16.6 0.00 1.00 0.0479 0.0335 0.0740 0.0481
3500.0 2.0289 74 37.4 3.75 0.99 0.0506 0.0354 0.0718 0.0467
6000.0 1.7470 109 45.6 11.25 0.98 0.0540 0.0377 0.0679 0.0442
1000.0 1.5134 16 55.3 20.00 0.97 0.0556 0.0389 0.0645 0.0419
6000.0 1.3634 85 63.5 27.50 0.97 0.0576 0.0403 0.0638 0.0415
3500.0 1.2094 44 74.5 37.50 0.96 0.0608 0.0425 0.0647 0.0420
1000.0 0.9753 10 99.3 60.00 0.94 0.0575 0.0402 0.0586 0.0381
32000.0 0.8253 275 124.0 82.50 0.90 0.0511 0.0357 0.0522 0.0339
27000.0 0.7515 211 140.5 97.50 0.87 0.0497 0.0348 0.0519 0.0337
17000.0 0.6870 122 158.4 113.75 0.82 0.0453 0.0317 0.0493 0.0320
23000.0 0.6267 150 179.0 132.50 0.76 0.0369 0.0258 0.0429 0.0279
28500.0 0.5866 174 195.5 147.50 0.71 0.0322 0.0225 0.0396 0.0258
19000.0 0.6493 129 170.8 125.00 0.79
profile 6 (D155)
5000.0 2.6541 138 26.1 0.00 0.99 0.0487 0.0340 0.0755 0.0491
1000.0 1.4138 15 60.5 7.50 0.98 0.0474 0.0331 0.0665 0.0432
6000.0 1.2473 78 71.5 17.50 0.97 0.0481 0.0336 0.0613 0.0399
4000.0 1.0932 46 85.3 30.00 0.96 0.0525 0.0367 0.0623 0.0405
1000.0 0.9202 10 107.3 50.00 0.94 0.0497 0.0347 0.0554 0.0360
43000.0 0.8065 361 127.9 68.75 0.91 0.0425 0.0297 0.0466 0.0303
30000.0 0.7311 228 145.8 85.00 0.88 0.0411 0.0288 0.0456 0.0296
21000.0 0.6746 148 162.3 100.00 0.83 0.0401 0.0280 0.0457 0.0297
28000.0 0.6099 178 185.6 121.25 0.76 0.0348 0.0243 0.0423 0.0275
22500.0 0.5607 131 207.6 141.25 0.70

A 6.1.1.1 SDA Report BASF Antwerpen R0

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A 6.1.1.1 SDA Report BASF Antwerpen R0

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SDA-engineering GmbH

Kaiserstr. 100, TPH III D – 52134 Herzogenrath

Seismic hazard assessment and site specific ground motion

Principal: BASF Antwerpen N.V.

Contractor: SDA-engineering GmbH

Editor: Dr.-Ing. Timo Schmitt

CODES AND REGULATIONS ...........................................................................4

PROVIDED DOCUMENTS ...............................................................................4

USED PROGRAMS .........................................................................................6

2. PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSEMENT ................................ 8

3. EVALUATION OF SITE EFFECTS AND FREE-FIELD RESPONSE SPECTRA17

4. EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE ................................... 26

Codes and regulations

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2. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessement

2.2 Site location

Figure 2: Principle elements of PSHA

2.3 Seismicity, source regions and model parameters

Figure 3: Epicentral map of earthquakes in Belgium and boarder regions: Instrumental

The frequency distribution of earthquakes can be calculated according to Gutenberg &

and the annual frequency distribution of a certain magnitude to

Table 1: Parameter for seismic source zones in Belgium, [24]

2.4 PSHA results

PSHA BASF Antwerp

2.5 Hazard deaggregation

Table 2: Hazard deaggregation for 0.06 g PGA (Figure 6)

Table 3: Hazard deaggregation for 0.12 g PGA (Figure 7)

3. Evaluation of site effects and free-field response spectra

3.2 1D-soil profiles

3.3 Seismic input for linear-equivalent calculations

time history for OBE (R = 475 a)

Figure 8: Synthetic acceleration time history for OBE level

time history for SSE (R = 4975 a)

Figure 9: Synthetic acceleration time history for SSE level

PSHA BASF Antwerp

3.4 Shear-stiffness reduction and damping

3.5 Results of linear-equivalent calculations

spectral acceleration (g)

spectral acceleration (g)

3.6 OBE level and SSE level spectra

OBE elastic free-field response spectrum, R = 475a

SSE elastic horizontal free-field response spectrum, R = 4975a

4. Evaluation of liquefaction resistance

Figure 18: Magnitude scaling factors derived by various investigators; [29]

Figure 19: Reduction factor rd versus depth, [29]

4.2 Liquefaction resistance for the site

peak ground acceleration (PGA)

Figure A.2: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 33 Hz

spectral acceleration at 13.3 Hz

Figure A.3: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 13.3 Hz

Figure A.4: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 10 Hz

spectral acceleration at 6.7 Hz

Figure A.5: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 6.7 Hz

Figure A.6: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 5.0 Hz

spectral acceleration at 3.3 Hz

Figure A.7: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 3.3 Hz

spectral acceleration at 2.5 Hz

Figure A.8: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 2.5 Hz

Figure A.9: Hazard curve BASF Antwerp site for 1.0 Hz

spectral acceleration at 0.5 Hz